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Bull Creek camp (Site 34BV176) is situated on a terrace overlooking Bull Creek, 1.85 km northwest of the junction of north/south-trending US 83 and east/west-trending US 412 in Beaver County, Oklahoma. Five flaked lithic artifacts were recovered from a portion of the site dominated by butchered bison (Bison spp.) bones and a few Camelid bones (Leland Bement, personal communication, February 4, 2019 and April 26, 2019). The Oklahoma Archaeological Survey submitted the lithics to PaleoResearch Institute for protein residue analysis to determine if they had been used to process animals.

Site 34MC1149 is located on U.S. Army Corps of Engineers fee-owned lands at Pine Creek Lake, 21 km northeast of the town of Fort Towson, Oklahoma. When the site was occupied in the Late Sanders (ca. AD 1200–1300) and McCurtain phases (ca. AD 1300–1700), it was situated on an upland landform overlooking the Little River Valley (Shannon R. Ryan, personal communication, January 21, 2019). R. Christopher Goodwin & Associates (RCG&A) submitted a nearly complete ceramic vessel (Sample 1) to PaleoResearch Institute for ceramic residue, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and radiocarbon age determination analyses. Through these analyses, RCG&A aims to: 1. Determine the presence of residue on the ceramic in extractable quantities; 2. Understand vessel use; 3. Learn about foods used in the vessel, if any, and; 4. Reveal affiliation with local cultural contexts via age determination.

The Bull Creek site, 34BV176, is located in the High Plains physiographic region of western Beaver County, Oklahoma. The site is situated within the short grass prairie biome. Trees growing along Bull Creek today include elm, cottonwood, and hackberry. This series of sediments consists of the modern soil and a series of buried paleosols, dating from 13,210 RCYBP to the present. One of these strata, dated to 10,850K210 RCYBP, contained spirally fractured bison bone and flaked stone. The original Bull Creek site is situated on a cutbank in a meander of Bull Creek. Pollen analysis of 34 stratigraphic samples from these strata was undertaken to determine environmental changes in the area during the latest Pleistocene and through the Holocene. Two additional collections were made from sediments at Bull Creek III to supplement the original Bull Creek record, which ended with sediments dated around 11,000 RCYBP. The pollen frequencies curves established during these ongoing analyses are compared to an archaeoclimate model constructed using data from the Beaver, Oklahoma weather recording station. Two subsequent years of excavations at Bull Creek III have yielded a total of ten samples Bull Creek III. The lower portion of the record is represented by samples A-E and anchored by a radiocarbon date of 13,210 ± 80 BP on a bulk sample from sample C. Samples F-J represent sediments that are anchored by a bulk radiocarbon date of 12,550 ± 70 BP for sample H. The lowest ten samples represent 5AB and 5Bt horizons.

Five pollen samples were extracted from 34BV176 (Bull Creek III), a PaleoIndian site located near Bull Creek in Beaver County, Oklahoma (Table 1). Sediments represented by these samples were collected from the 5AB levels and the underlying 5Btk level at the site. These samples were collected in the same layer that yielded a radiocarbon date of 13,210 ± 80 radiocarbon years BP (RCYBP), as well as slightly above and below this level. All five samples were collected below the sediment dated to 12,550 ± 70 RCYBP. Pollen analysis was undertaken to describe the paleoenvironment at this time in the Late Pleistocene.

The Bull Creek North Site (34BV181) is located within 1 mile of the Bull Creek Site (34BV176). Thirty-four stratigraphic samples were examined for pollen from the Bull Creek site (Varney and Cummings 2004). Ten samples collected stratigraphically from Bull Creek North (34BV181) were examined for pollen. A radiocarbon age of 12300 ± 80 BP anchors the middle of the record in a clay loam stratum.

The Bull Creek site, 34BV176, is located in the High Plains physiographic region of western Beaver County, Oklahoma. The site is located within the short grass prairie biome, and consists of the modern soil and a series of buried paleosols, dating from 11 ,070±60 RCYBP to the present. One of these strata, dated to 10,850+210 RCYBP, contained spirally fractured bison bone and flaked stone. This site is situated on a cutbank in a meander of Bull Creek. Pollen analysis of 34 stratigraphic samples from these strata was undertaken to determine environmental changes in the area during the latest Pleistocene and through the Holocene. The pollen frequency curves established during the analysis are compared to an archaeoclimate model constructed using data from the Beaver, Oklahoma weather recording station.

An archaeological survey of the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge was undertaken as part of a larger project including all of the Wichita Mountains in southwestern Oklahoma. The survey attempted to acquire extensive general information which should provide a basis for future planning of intensive investigation of selected problems. The research was conducted by the Museum of the Great Plains with the aid of a grant from the National Science Foundation.