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Amatare Dinyain,1 G Olutoyin Omoniyi-Esan,2 Olaejirinde O Olaofe,3 Donatus Sabageh,3 Akinwumi O Komolafe,2 Olusegun S Ojo21Department of Anatomic Pathology, Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, Okolobiri, Bayelsa State, Nigeria; 2Department of Morbid Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; 3Department of Morbid Anatomy and Histopathology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, NigeriaAim: Maternal mortality is a major health problem, especially in Nigeria, where accurate autopsy-based data on the prevalent causes are not readily available. The aim of this study was therefore to accurately determine the causes of maternal death as seen in a tertiary health facility in Nigeria.Materials and methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective review of the postmortem autopsy findings from cases of maternal death at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria over a 5-year period. Analyses were performed for differences in proportions using PEPI computer programs for epidemiologists (P is significant at

Background: The Nigerian literature on the preference for specialties under the West African College of Physicians (WACP) among medical graduates reported a preference for core specialties (Internal Medicine and Paediatrics). This finding is at variance with the number of certified new fellows produced by different faculties under the WACP (reality). The aim was to compare the preference for specialties under the WACP by medical graduates in the published literature (2006–2017) with the number of new fellows produced by the faculties under the WACP (2006–2015) and provide explanations for any observed disparity. Methods: A systematic review was done on primary studies databases, which were searched electronically. Based on the inclusion criteria, 14 eligible studies were reviewed. The number of certified new fellows produced by the WACP in a 10-year period (2006–2015) was also analysed. Results: The reviewed studies were mainly of cross-sectional design. The majority of the studies (n = 12) reported Internal Medicine and Paediatrics as the preferred specialty choice among the specialties under the WACP. Six of the 14 studies did not list Family Medicine as one of the specialties in their results section. Ironically, the faculty of Family Medicine had the highest number of certified fellows (n = 288 [21.4%]) in the WACP over a 10-year period (2006–2015). Conclusion: There is a disparity between what the literature reports on the preference of Nigerian medical graduates for specialties under the WACP and the reality. This is particularly noted in the Family Medicine specialty. The unpredictable postgraduate medical experiences that may change prior choices of future specialisation makes longitudinal and qualitative study designs appropriate for this theme to reveal new or changed motives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suspensions of the powdered leaf of Datura metel L. and Datura stramonium L. (Solanaceae) were administered by intubation at different doses: 0.125 mg/kg, 0.250 mg/kg, 0.500 mg/kg, 1.000 mg/kg, 1.224 mg/kg and 1.400 mg/kg to virgin female albino mice and were observed daily. After two weeks, the mice were sacrificed and the liver, kidney and intestine were removed, preserved in 10% formalin solution and embedded in paraffin wax. Tissues from these organs were stained for assessment of tissue morphology. Pathological changes observed at 1.224 mg/kg and 1.400 mg/kg (LD100) were irreversible. At all other dose levels, there were reversible changes in the liver, kidney and intestine. Generally, D. metel-treated mice showed less anatomical abnormalities than D. stramonium-treated mice. Hence, D. metel could serve as a substitute for D. stramonium in drug development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) was previously a relatively rare disease. With the advent of HIV/AIDS pandemic however, AIDS-related KS has been on the increase and so has interest in the disease. Ninety percent of patients with KS present with skin lesions. While the gastrointestinal tract is a fairly common site of metastatic KS, primary gastrointestinal KS is uncommon. The presentation of gastrointestinal KS with severe gastrointestinal bleeding is rarer still. In this report, we present a 56-year-old HIV-negative patient who presented with severe gastrointestinal bleeding without any skin lesions. Multiple hemorrhagic polypoidal lesions were found on the walls of the jejunum and ileum as well as the liver at exploratory laparotomy and these were found to be KS on histopathologic examination. We also discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges we had with this rare cause of severe GI bleeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of a chiral dinuclear [Cu(OAc) 2 (L1)] 2 complex (A) and its analogues Cu(OAc) 2 (L1) 2 (B), Cu(OAc) 2 (L1)PPh 3 (C), CuBr(L1)PPh 3 (D), and Cu(OAc) 2 (L2) (E) is described. The X-ray structure of A reveals a cuprophilic interaction (2.65 Å) and shows that L1 behaves as a monodentate ligand. The stereogenic centre in L1 aligns the NH group to form non-covalent interactions with the paddle-wheel acetate groups at variable distances (2.4-2.5 Å and 2.2-2.7 Å). Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed our hypothesis that two equivalents of L1 (B) or a combination of L1 and PPh 3 (C) would disrupt the cuprophilic interaction. All complexes, except D, showed irreversible redox waves by cyclic voltammetry. Complexes C and E have lower oxidative peaks (at 10 V s -1 ) than complex A between +0.40 and +0.60 V. This highlights the influence of ligand(s) on the redox behaviour of Cu(II) complexes. The significance of this electrochemical behaviour was evident in the Chan-Lam (CL) coupling reaction, where 2.5 mol% of A successfully facilitated the formation of a C-N bond. This study showcased the structure, thermal stability, electrochemical properties and catalytic performance of a chiral dinuclear copper(II)-benzothiazolamine complex.

Sulfones are fascinating and highly used functional groups, but current syntheses still have limitations. Here, a regiodivergent transition metal-free approach towards sulfones [( E )-allylic sulfones and α-sulfonyl-methyl styrenes] is reported. The method employs commercially available olefins, bases, additives, solvents, and sodium sulfinates (RSO 2 Na) and produces adducts in good yields. Considering that up to 4 reactions (bromination, dearomative rearrangement, E2, and S N 2) are happening, this approach is very efficient. The structures of key adducts were confirmed by X-ray crystallography., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts to declare.

The 1,4-reduction of β- and γ-substituted butenolides using 5 mol% of NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O and NaBH 4 in MeOH for rapid access to cis -β,γ-disubstituted γ-butyrolactones is described. The reaction was selective for cis -products, which were obtained in good to excellent yields. This study showcased the influence of steric hindrance and angle strain on the diastereoselectivity outcome of conjugate reductions facilitated by in situ generated nickel-hydride.

The parent Josiphos ligand gave excellent ee values (95-99%) and good yields (60-97%) in the copper-catalysed asymmetric conjugate reduction of β-aryl α,β-unsaturated lactones and lactams with PMHS. The substrates were obtained from stereospecific copper-catalysed addition of arylboronic acids to alkynoates followed by deprotection and cyclisation. The acyclic lactam precursors also underwent reduction with good ee values (83-85%) and yields (79-95%). Application of this asymmetric reduction methodology included the synthesis of natural product lucidulactone A.

Objectives: HIV infection in pregnancy affects the mother, her placenta, and fetus resulting in perinatal/maternal morbidity and mortality. Studies show that HIV-positive mothers have several placental morphological changes. This study aimed to describe the histomorphometric parameters/lesions of placentas of HIV-positive mothers in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria., Methods: A prospective cross-sectional hospital-based analytical study was conducted at the departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Histopathology, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Nigeria from December 2015 to May 2016. We studied 144 pregnant mothers (48 HIV-positive as the test group vs. 96 HIV-negative as controls). Their placentas (fetal membrane, umbilical cord, and placental disk) were collected post-delivery and evaluated (grossly/microscopically) to determine the range of histomorphometric placental parameters/lesions. Relevant obstetric data were obtained from their case notes., Results: The test group delivered more through cesarean section than the control group (52.1% vs. 31.3%), with mean birth weights of 2.8±0.7 and 3.1±0.6 kg ( p = 0.004). The mean placental weights were 57±190.1 and 664.6±167.4 g ( p = 0.003), with mean placenta-birth weight ratio of 20.1±4.8 and 20.5±4.57% ( p = 0.33). The test groups placental fetal membranes, umbilical cords, and disks mainly displayed acute chorioamnionitis (47.9%), acute umbilical phlebitis (14.6%), and villous vasculopathy (33.3%). The test group had a higher stage/grade of placental inflammation than the control group. In the test group, two stage 4 HIV disease state cases presented with the most severe form of placental inflammatory lesions., Conclusions: The commonest placental histomorphometric parameters/lesions were acute chorioamnionitis, acute umbilical phlebitis, and acute intervillositis. There was no significant association between HIV/AIDS disease stage with the most severe forms of placental inflammatory lesions., (The OMJ is Published Bimonthly and Copyrighted 2022 by the OMSB.)

Background: The antepartum estimation of foetal weight is a major determinant of the route of delivery and this has become vital in modern day obstetrics. The limitations to the use of obstetric ultrasonography, considered as the gold standard in estimating foetal weight, make clinical estimation methods attractive alternatives, especially in resource- constrained settings where many un-booked women may report for delivery., Aim: To determine the reliability of intrapartum clinical foetal weight estimation in predicting the actual birth weight (ABW) and route of delivery among term parturient., Setting: The study was conducted at the Sacred Heart Hospital, Lantoro, a voluntary mission agency hospital in Southwest Nigeria., Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 291 term parturient recruited by systematic random sampling between June and September 2017. The clinical estimation of foetal weight was carried out using Johnson's formula., Results: The accuracy of Johnson's formula to predict the ABW was 59.5%; while for the mode of delivery, it was 130 (75.1%) for spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) and 43 (24.9%) for caesarean section (CS). The sensitivity of the accuracy of Johnson's formula to predict the mode of delivery was 75.1%, with a specificity of 35.6%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 63.1%, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 49.4%., Conclusion: The intrapartum clinical foetal weight estimation at term determined by Johnson's formula was reliably predictive of ABW and SVD, but it was unreliable in predicting the need for a CS.

There is a significant need to develop more rapid and efficient routes to styrene derivatives, since they are extensively used in polymer sciences. This manuscript reports a one-pot synthesis of an array of α-alkyl styrene derivatives from readily available natural products (i.e., estragole and safrole). This method is regioselective, producing a rearranged adduct, under transition metal-free conditions. This methodology has broad nucleophile scope, even tolerating sterically hindered nucleophiles; it is general for carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur nucleophiles., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2021 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Background: Prostatic carcinoma is emerging as the most common male malignancy in Nigeria and the second most common male cancer worldwide. Patients often present with locally advances stages, and common sites of metastasis are the spine, pelvis, chest, and long bones. Metastases to the testes and spermatic cords are reputed to be rare and may be indicative of a worse outcome, when they occur. We recently encountered a clinical case of bilateral testicular, epididymal and spermatic cords prostatic cancer metastases., Case Presentation: A 71-year-old Nigerian man, who presented at our hospital with 1-month-old complaints of inability to walk together with low back and bilateral thigh pains. This presentation had been preceded by a 5-month history of lower urinary tract symptoms. On examination, the prostate was hard and nodular as were the left testis and spermatic cord. On histological assessment of a needle biopsy, prostatic adenocarcinoma (Gleason score 5 + 5 = 10) was diagnosed. A subsequent therapeutic bilateral total orchidectomy specimen was found to contain metastatic prostatic carcinoma deposits, in the testes, epididymides, and spermatic cords. Although our patient is currently doing well postoperatively on zoledronic acid, ketoconazole, bicalutamide, and tamsulosin, he is being re-evaluated periodically for any feature of recurrence., Conclusion: Since it has implications for eventual outcome, every clinically suspicious therapeutic orchidectomy specimen should be subjected to a detailed histopathological examination in order to exclude secondaries from the primary prostatic malignancy.

Background: Hypertension is one of the commonest cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Nigerians. We describe blood pressure (BP) control and kidney disease markers in patients with hypertension as part of measures to curb the burden of this chronic debilitating disease., Methods: Patients with hypertension in the main tertiary hospitals in three states in north central Nigeria were evaluated for indicators of CKD, including proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m 2 . Patients had their early morning first void urine tested for proteinuria using Combi-10 test strips. eGFR was estimated using the MDRD equation., Results: A total of 1063 subjects (63.1% females and 36.8% males) with a mean age of 55 ± 11 years were studied. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was present in 214 (20.6%) and 422 (39.7%) had optimal BP control. The median duration of hypertension was 6 years (range 1-44 years). Proteinuria occurred in 130 (12.2%), while 212 (19.9%) had reduced eGFR and 46 (4.3%) had proteinuria and reduced eGFR. The use of calcium channel blockers [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.70, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.50-0.99] and the use of more than two antihypertensive medications (AOR: 0.62, 95% CI 0.40-0.96) were associated with reduced odds of optimal BP control. Male sex (AOR: 1.75, 95% CI 1.14-2.70) and the use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blocking medications (AOR: 2.07, 95% CI 1.18-3.64) were independently associated with proteinuria while DM (AOR: 1.69, 95% CI 1.06-2.55) and treatment with more than two medications (AOR: 1.86, 95% CI 1.09-3.17) were more likely to have reduced eGFR., Conclusion: A large proportion of hypertensive patients in north-central Nigeria have poorly controlled BP. Kidney damage is common among these patients., Competing Interests: None

Background: For many decades, hypertension guidelines recommended dual-arm blood pressure measurement. However, this practice is poor in Nigeria and its significance is largely unidentified. Hence, this study was done to determine the point prevalence of inter-arm blood pressure difference and its relationship with hypertension and diabetes mellitus., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 214 respondents at the general outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Demographic characteristics and anthropometric indices were obtained. Blood pressure readings were obtained through sequentially repeated measurements in respondents' arms., Results: One-hundred and eighty-six respondents had complete data given a completion rate of 86.9%. Systolic blood pressure was higher on the right and left arm in 102 (54.8%) and 56 (30.1%) of the respondents, respectively. Diastolic blood pressure was higher on the right and left arm in 73 (39.2%) and 63 (33.9%) of the respondents, respectively. The overall prevalence of significant systolic inter-arm difference (≥ 10 mmHg) and diastolic inter-arm difference (≥ 10 mmHg) were 24.2% and 18.8%, respectively. Significant systolic inter-arm difference (p = 0.033) and diastolic inter-arm difference (p = 0.01) were significantly more among respondents with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus., Conclusion: The blood pressure readings in both arms were different among the majority of the respondents, being higher on the right arm in many of them. The prevalence of significant inter-arm difference was high in the unselected primary care patients studied especially among patients with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus. Blood pressure measurement in both arms should become a routine practice during initial patients' visits in primary care.

Although pulmonary fibrosis can occur in the absence of a clear-cut inciting agent, and without a clinically clear initial acute inflammatory phase, it is more commonly associated with severe lung injury. This may be due to respiratory infections, chronic granulomatous diseases, medications, and connective tissue disorders. Pulmonary fibrosis is associated with permanent pulmonary architectural distortion and irreversible lung dysfunction. Available clinical, radiographic, and autopsy data has indicated that pulmonary fibrosis is central to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS) and MERS pathology, and current evidence suggests that pulmonary fibrosis could also complicate infection by SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this review is to explore the current literature on the pathogenesis of lung injury in COVID-19 infection. We evaluate the evidence in support of the putative risk factors for the development of lung fibrosis in the disease and propose risk mitigation strategies. We conclude that, from the available literature, the predictors of pulmonary fibrosis in COVID-19 infection are advanced age, illness severity, length of ICU stay and mechanical ventilation, smoking and chronic alcoholism. With no proven effective targeted therapy against pulmonary fibrosis, risk reduction measures should be directed at limiting the severity of the disease and protecting the lungs from other incidental injuries., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Ademola S. Ojo et al.)

Background: A significant difference in the blood pressure (BP) value of a patient taken by different health workers has been a subject of discussion among health workers. This study investigated the variations between usual-care and guideline-concordant BP measurement protocols and evaluated the implications of the disparities on diagnosis and treatment decision., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 206 participants. The usual-care and guideline-concordant BP readings taken from each participant by the regular clinic nurses and research-trained nurses, respectively, were obtained., Results: Majority of the regular clinic nurses following the usual-care protocol used the left arm for BP measurement (59.7%). The systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) readings were higher on the right arm in 55.3% and 39.2% of the participants, respectively. The mean guideline-concordant BP was 7.67 mmHg higher than the mean usual-care for SBP (p ≤ 0.05) and 7.14 mmHg higher for DBP (p ≤ 0.05). The proportion of participants classified as having hypertension and uncontrolled BP was 11.8% and 15.0% lower when using usual-care BP compared to guideline-concordant BP, respectively. Fifty-one (24.8%) respondents were advised incorrect treatment based on usual-care BP measurement. The Bland-Altman plot showed that limits of agreement were wider than within the 10 mmHg clinical reference range and unacceptable for clinical purposes., Conclusion: The usual-care and guideline-concordant BP measurement protocols were significantly different, and the disparity had significant consequences on the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. Health workers should strictly adhere to the guidelines on BP measurement to avoid mismanagement of patients.

There is significant interest in developing more rapid and efficient production of nitrogen-containing allylic compounds, as widely used in various syntheses. This work reports a variety of allylic azides and allylic amines synthesized by an efficient, new one-pot protocol that employs readily available terminal alkenes as starting materials. This method is highly regio- and stereoselective, affording the linear (E)-isomer, under metal-free conditions. This process tolerates several functional groups including halogen-containing molecules; it is general for azides and amine nucleophiles; and, adducts were obtained in good yields.

Sphingobium sp. strain SYK-6 converts four stereoisomers of arylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether into achiral β-hydroxypropiovanillone (HPV) via three stereospecific reaction steps. Here, we determined the HPV catabolic pathway and characterized the HPV catabolic genes involved in the first two steps of the pathway. In SYK-6 cells, HPV was oxidized to vanilloyl acetic acid (VAA) via vanilloyl acetaldehyde (VAL). The resulting VAA was further converted into vanillate through the activation of VAA by coenzyme A. A syringyl-type HPV analog, β-hydroxypropiosyringone (HPS), was also catabolized via the same pathway. SLG&#95;12830 ( hpvZ ), which belongs to the glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase family, was isolated as the HPV-converting enzyme gene. An hpvZ mutant completely lost the ability to convert HPV and HPS, indicating that hpvZ is essential for the conversion of both the substrates. HpvZ produced in Escherichia coli oxidized both HPV and HPS and other 3-phenyl-1-propanol derivatives. HpvZ localized to both the cytoplasm and membrane of SYK-6 and used ubiquinone derivatives as electron acceptors. Thirteen gene products of the 23 aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) genes in SYK-6 were able to oxidize VAL into VAA. Mutant analyses suggested that multiple ALDH genes, including SLG&#95;20400, contribute to the conversion of VAL. We examined whether the genes encoding feruloyl-CoA synthetase ( ferA ) and feruloyl-CoA hydratase/lyase ( ferB and ferB2 ) are involved in the conversion of VAA. Only FerA exhibited activity toward VAA; however, disruption of ferA did not affect VAA conversion. These results indicate that another enzyme system is involved in VAA conversion. IMPORTANCE Cleavage of the β-aryl ether linkage is the most essential process in lignin biodegradation. Although the bacterial β-aryl ether cleavage pathway and catabolic genes have been well documented, there have been no reports regarding the catabolism of HPV or HPS, the products of cleavage of β-aryl ether compounds. HPV and HPS have also been found to be obtained from lignin by chemoselective catalytic oxidation by 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone/ tert -butyl nitrite/O 2 , followed by cleavage of the β-aryl ether with zinc. Therefore, value-added chemicals are expected to be produced from these compounds. In this study, we determined the SYK-6 catabolic pathways for HPV and HPS and identified the catabolic genes involved in the first two steps of the pathways. Since SYK-6 catabolizes HPV through 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate, which is a building block for functional polymers, characterization of HPV catabolism is important not only for understanding the bacterial lignin catabolic system but also for lignin utilization., (Copyright © 2018 American Society for Microbiology.)

Alternative sources of potential feedstock chemicals are of increasing importance as the availability of oil decreases. The biopolymer lignin is viewed as a source of useful mono-aromatic compounds as exemplified by the industrial scale production of vanillin from this biomass. Alternative lignin-derived aromatics are available in pure form but to date examples of the use of these types of compounds are rare. Here we address this issue by reporting the conversion of an aromatic keto-alcohol to the anti- and syn-isomers of Descurainolide A. The key step involves a rhodium-catalyzed allylic substitution reaction. Enantio-enriched allylic alcohols were generated via an isothiourea-catalyzed kinetic resolution enabling access to both the (2R,3R) and (2S,3S) enantiomers of anti-Descurainolide A. In addition we show that the lignin-derived keto-alcohols can be converted into unnatural amino acid derivatives of tyrosine. Finally, these amino acids were incorporated into cyclic peptide scaffolds through the use of both chemical and an enzyme-mediated macrocylisation.

The non-enzymatic acylative kinetic resolution of challenging aryl-alkenyl (sp 2 vs. sp 2 ) substituted secondary alcohols is described, with effective enantiodiscrimination achieved using the isothiourea organocatalyst HyperBTM (1 mol %) and isobutyric anhydride. The kinetic resolution of a wide range of aryl-alkenyl substituted alcohols has been evaluated, with either electron-rich or naphthyl aryl substituents in combination with an unsubstituted vinyl substituent providing the highest selectivity (S=2-1980). The use of this protocol for the gram-scale (2.5 g) kinetic resolution of a model aryl-vinyl (sp 2 vs. sp 2 ) substituted secondary alcohol is demonstrated, giving access to >1 g of each of the product enantiomers both in 99:1 e.r., (© 2016 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.)

Background: The Nigerian Report card on Physical Activity (PA) in Children and Youth was first developed in 2013 to inform practice and policy on healthy living and prevention of noncommunicable diseases among Nigerian children and youth. This article summarizes the results of the 2016 report card and provides updated evidence on the current situation in Nigeria., Methods: A comprehensive review of literature was undertaken by the Report Card Working Group. Grades were assigned to 10 PA indicators based on the criteria used for the 2013 edition., Results: Grades assigned to the indicators were Overall PA, D; Active Play and Leisure, C; Active Transportation, B; Sedentary Behaviors (screen-based, F and nonscreen-based, D); Overweight and Obesity, A; PA in Schools, C-; Government/Nongovernment Organizations/Private Sector/Policy, B. The following indicators were graded as Incomplete: Organized Sport and PA, Community and Built Environment, and Family and Peers., Conclusions: The overall PA levels of Nigerian children and youth seemed to be declining compared with the 2013 Report card but with slight improvement in active play and leisure, and PA in school settings. A substantial number of Nigerian children and youth still have high sedentary behaviors, overweight and obesity. Efforts are needed to promote PA among them.

Understanding the structure of technical lignins resulting from acid-catalysed treatment of lignocellulosic biomass is important for their future applications. Here we report an investigation into the fate of lignin under acidic aqueous organosolv conditions. In particular we examine in detail the formation and reactivity of non-native Hibbert ketone structures found in isolated organosolv lignins from both Douglas fir and beech woods. Through the use of model compounds combined with HSQC, HMBC and HSQC-TOCSY NMR experiments we demonstrate that, depending on the lignin source, both S and G lignin-bound Hibbert ketone units can be present. We also show that these units can serve as a source of novel mono-aromatic compounds following an additional lignin depolymerisation reaction.

This study determined the presence and levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) of groundwater in Moro, Edun-Abon, Yakoyo and Ipetumodu communities in Ife-North Local Government Area of Osun State. This was with a view to create public awareness about the safety of groundwater as a source for domestic purposes (e.g., drinking, cooking etc.) in non-industrial area. Water samples were collected on seasonal basis, comprising of three months (August-October) in the wet season and three months (December-February) in the dry season. The PAHs in the water samples were extracted with n -hexane using liquid-liquid extraction method, while their qualitative identifications and quantitative estimations were carried out with the use of gas chromatography. Levels of PAHs detected showed predominance of light PAHs (less than four fused rings) for both wet and the dry seasons. Higher concentrations of PAHs were recorded during the wet season than the dry season. The study concluded that the groundwater in the communities was contaminated with light PAHs and the total PAHs in this area exceeded the maximum permissible limit of 10 μg L -1 recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) for safety of groundwater.