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Copyright of Journal of the Argentine Society of Rheumatology/Revista de la Sociedad Argentina de Reumatología is the property of Editorial Biotecnologica S.R.L and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La queratoconjuntivitis seca (QCS) es una enfermedad inflamatoria que afecta la córnea y conjuntiva generando signos oculares como resequedad de la córnea, ulceraciones, pigmentación, vascularización y disminución significativa de la cantidad de la producción lagrimal que es secretada por las glándulas lagrimales, tarsales y ciliares apocrinas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la incidencia de QCS con el método diagnóstico cuantitativo “test de Schirmer”, y relacionarlo con el grupo etario, la presión ocular y la glucemia. En la metodología empleada se realizó una valoración clínica oftalmológica a perros braquiocefálicos de la ciudad de Machala (Ecuador), aparentemente sanos tomando en cuenta el sexo y registro etario. Se organizaron 3 grupos de estudio de 6 meses a 2 años de edad (AdE), de 2,5 a 5 AdE y mayores a 6 AdE. Para el diagnóstico de QCS se empleó la tira de papel absorbente “test de Schirmer” comercial. La incidencia de QCS en los perros braquiocefálicos fue del 27,3 %, encontrándose el 40 % de éstos en edades entre los 2,5 a 5 AdE sin relación estadística. Un tercio de los animales (33,3 %), presentaron una presión intraocular alta sin relación a la presencia de la QCS en el grupo etario afectado. La alta incidencia de la QC lleva a implementar en las clínicas veterinarias, exámenes oftalmológicos preventivos a los pacientes braquiocefálicos ya que tienen cierta predisposición por su anatomía a padecer esta patología.

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La coroides es el tejido ocular más comúnmente afectado por la enfermedad metastásica debido a su abundante vascularización y, en ocasiones, la primera manifestación (44-70% según las series) de cáncer de pulmón en hombres o de cáncer de mama en mujeres (3%). Síntomas oculares de inicio abrupto en pacientes jóvenes y signos al examen oftalmológico como engrosamiento de la pared posterior o lumpy‑bumpy surface, entre otros, son orientativos. La uveítis anterior granulomatosa, la uveítis intermedia bilateral, la panuveitis bilateral o las lesiones granulomatosas a nivel coroideo o del nervio óptico se consideran indicativas de sarcoidosis en presencia de un cuadro radiológico compatible. Estas pueden preceder a los signos sistémicos en un 30% de los casos. Se presentan tres pacientes con signos y síntomas oftalmológicos que precedieron al diagnóstico de enfermedades sistémicas no infecciosas.

Background: Cataract surgery with intraocular lens implant is, nowadays, the most frequent surgical procedure in all the world. Its success depends on a lot of factors, one of the most important is the calculation of the exact dioptric power of intraocular lens. Objective: To compare the calculation of dioptric power of intraocular lens with and without dilatation in patients with cataract. Material and methods: Longitudinal study, the calculation of the dioptric power of the intraocular lens was determined in patients without and with pupillary dilation. The variables were age, gender, eye to study, keratometry, axial length, anterior chamber depth and dioptric power of the intraocular lens. Descriptive statistics and Student t test were performed. Results: There were 37 patients, 23 females and 14 males. The average age was 68 + 7.87 years. Sixty-four eyes were studied, 30 were right and 34 left. Statistically, there was only significant difference in K2 of the ocular biometry between patients without and with pupillary dilation when obtaining a value of p < 0.05. Conclusion: There are no changes in the calculation of the dioptric power of the Intraocular lens without and with pupillary dilation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artículo explora si hay algún fundamento sólido para atribuir a Leonardo da Vinci prioridad en la formulación del símil que lleva a concebir el ojo como una cámara obscura. Aquí, se defiende una posición pesimista. No obstante, el artículo resalta algunos aportes del pintor renacentista que pueden considerarse contribuciones a la consolidación del símil.

En el artículo se ofrece un análisis de los argumentos que condujeron a Kepler a la defensa y demostración del teorema fundamental de la óptica. Según este teorema, un haz homocéntrico de luz que se ve obligado a atravesar una esfera transparente, siempre que la amplitud del haz no sea mayor, se concentra de nuevo en un punto al otro lado de la esfera. La demostración de Kepler se compara con la ofrecida por Malebranche años más tarde. Este teorema fue determinante para la consolidación de la óptica moderna.

Introduction: the eyes are photosensitive organs placed in the bony orbits of the skull. Their function is to transform the light ray into bioelectrical signals. Aim: To describe the morphophysiological aspects of the vision organ. Development: the outline of the vision organ appears at 22 days of embryonic life. The human eye in normal conditions has an average weight of 7.5 grams. The corneal epithelium is a stratified pavement epithelium. The inner region of the choroid, the choroid capillary lamina, consists of a vast network of capillaries and feeds the retina. The decrease in cGMP concentration in the cytosol results in the closure of Na+ channels in the plasma membrane of the rod. THE rhodopsin transformation produces activated opsin, which facilitates the binding of guanosine triphosphate to the α-subunit of transducin. Plasma membrane Na+ channels remain open when rods are not activated by light. Conclusions: the master gene in the development of the vision organ is PAX 6. The sclera has abundant type I collagen fibres in its composition. The choroid is located on the posterior wall of the eyeball, is loosely attached to the fibrous tunic and is highly vascularized.

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Anales del Seminario de Historia de la Filosofía is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension is the property of Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Euclides propuso trazar pirámides (o conos) como artefactos para facilitar el estudio de la percepción visual. El artefacto supone que el objeto visto moldea la base de una pirámide en cuyo vértice se encuentra el ojo que percibe. El artefacto enfrenta una seria dificultad cuando advertimos que la percepción visual se lleva a cabo con dos ojos que cooperan. El artículo analiza dos intentos de modificar el artefacto euclidiano para que siga prestando un servicio productivo sin renunciar a las presuposiciones centrales. Estos intentos, distanciados en el tiempo, corresponden a los estudios clásicos de la visión binocular de Ptolomeo y los aportes de Ewald Hering en el siglo XIX.

Copyright of Compendium of Veterinary Sciences / Compendio de Ciencias Veterinarias is the property of Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias de la Universidad Nacional de Asuncion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Se comunica una serie de casos, multicéntricos de la cual participaron cinco instituciones. La muestra fue de 17 pacientes, de los cuales 11 pertenecían al Hospital Dr. J. M. Cullen. Todos consultaron por compromiso orbitario y/o periorbitario. El compromiso en hombres fue de 23.4% y un 76.6% en mujeres. La edad media en años fue de 45.4 (17-69 años). Dentro de los diagnósticos encontrados, cinco casos fueron Enfermedad Relacionada con IgG4 (ER-IgG4), dos casos de Enfermedad de Erdheim Chester (EEC), dos Xantogranuloma, dos xantelasmas, un caso de metástasis de cáncer de mama, un caso de orbitopatía tiroidea, un caso de Amiloidosis con mieloma múltiple, y tres sin diagnóstico. Se revisan los diagnósticos diferenciales encontrados.

Este ensayo busca explorar la metáfora visual en una época que critica al ojo y demanda una nueva ontología de la mirada ante la creciente devaluación de la imagen. Lo paradójico de la ceguera del ojo y del pensamiento, en una época que se precia de ilustrada son aquí sondeados. Así mismo, se explora la mirada desencantada de la modernidad ante el rebajamiento de lo humano y la trivialización de la vida.

A frequent complication after limb amputation is the appearance of phantom limb syndrome, a phenomenon that has also been studied in the amputation of different body parts. Cases reported in relation to ophthalmologic surgery are few and evidence is limited in terms of specific management, which makes this a very important study. We report the case of a patient diagnosed with phantom eye syndrome in the post-operative period of an orbital exenteration surgery. A comprehensive approach was taken with multimodal symptom management, including intervention treatment. Significant improvement regarding the pain was achieved; however, non-painful phantom sensations persisted. Upon reviewing the available literature on the subject, its pathophysiology is not fully elucidated. Its incidence is highly variable, as well as the symptoms' appearance. The presence of headache and eye pain prior to surgery seem to be risk factors. Climate and psychological stress are exacerbating factors of the symptomatology. No high-quality evidence was found in terms of management guidelines, with the use of antidepressants, anticonvulsants and opioids being the most recommended. Interventional management is an option according to the characteristics of the pain and associated symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article relates photography to the difference that Jacques Lacan presents in Reading Seminar XI: Lacan's Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis, between the eye, the gaze and being-looked-at. This exercise raises the following questions: To what extent may we rely on the character of reliable evidence of reality in photography? In a world dominated by images, what effect does photography have on us, spectators? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El trauma ocular es una causa frecuente de consulta en los servicios de oftalmología, es más frecuente en el género masculino. Dependiendo de la gravedad del daño ocasionado, el tratamiento representa un reto para el oftalmólogo, porque, se enfrenta ante un daño patológico integral y complejo. El presente caso corresponde a un paciente masculino con baja de agudeza visual importante en ojo derecho, con antecedente de trauma ocular contuso, ocasionado con una piedra, en su ambiente laboral, que acude dos meses posterior al trauma ocular. Al examen presenta secuelas del trauma ocular contuso, fibrosis capsular anterior, catarata traumática, subluxación de cristalino, etc. El pronóstico visual tras un procedimiento quirúrgico es bueno, sin embargo, el paciente rechaza la cirugía. Por lo tanto, es muy importante el uso de lentes de trabajo que puede prevenir accidentes laborales.

Copyright of Ideas y Valores is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Escritura e Imagen is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte is the property of Redprint Editora Ltda. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nereis is the property of Universidad Catolica de Valencia, San Vicente Martir and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The attempt of this paper is to propose a way of understanding what is seen, always, as immanent adaptation, desire and symbolization, that is, understanding it like an image. It will do so according to a concept of ‘surface’ that extends the Didi-Huberman’s reading of Aby Warburg’s concept of ‘imagesymptom’, and is supported by psychoanalytic theory, namely Jacques Lacan, in an attempt not to ruin the hermeneutic capacity of the observer but, rather, to understand the search for meaning and essence -of art, for example- as the investigation of a historical conflict of losses, crisis and memory. ‘Surface’ taken as mass of what is seen, atonic and senseless, where the eye always visions forms: seeing surface entails the eye adapting what is seen, willing to open it in its significance in a visionary way, retrieving the hidden truth but, paradoxically, closing it. Seeing images always implies loosing vision in relation to an alleged totality in which all meanings would be given in all their ambiguities and all their historical possibilities, which will knowable only in their return as a traumatic re-signification. We here postulate that the illusion will be to believe not that appearances are illusory but, rather, that beyond them there is “more reality”. This approach not only ratifies the subject’s position, inserted in a surface/ painting given-to-see, but also discovers the constitutive gap that governs him which is a “more in him” than himself.

The ocular trauma is a frequent cause of consultation in ophthalmology services, it is more frequent in males. Depending on the severity of the damage caused, the treatment represents a challenge for the ophthalmologist, because, he faces an integral and complex pathological damage. The present case corresponds to a male patient with low visual acuity in the right eye, with a history of blunt eye trauma, caused by a stone, in his work environment, who came two months after the eye trauma. On examination, he presented sequels of blunt ocular trauma, anterior capsular fibrosis, traumatic cataract, lens subluxation, etc. The visual prognosis after a surgical procedure is good, however, the patient rejects the surgery. Therefore, it is very important to wear work glasses that can prevent workplace accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El 27 de julio de 1974, el gobierno revolucionario peruano expropio los grandes diarios de circulación nacional. Un Ministro Miró Quesada firmó la expropiación del diario de los Miró Quesada en la calle Miró Quesada. Ese mismo día, poco después de las dos de la mañana, seis comisiones partieron del Ministerio del Interior rumbo a los seis principales diarios de Lima. Llegaron media hora después y apoyados por un reducido número de hombres de la Guardia Civil se hicieron cargo de sus ediciones. Los seis procedimientos fueron similares. Al frente de cada comisión marchaba un civil que llevaba en el bolsillo unos pocos papeles; una copia del decreto ley 20680, con el nuevo estatuto de prensa; otro del decreto 20681, que declara la expropiación “a favor de los sectores de la población organizada” de los diarios El Comercio, La Prensa, Correo, Ojo, Última Hora y Expreso y el original por el cual cada uno de ellos era designado director de uno de esos diarios. Hubo un solo incidente, en el diario La Prensa, en donde un jefe y un editorialista increparon al nuevo directo de “comunista”. El resto del personal los obligó a callar y aplaudió al nuevo titular del diario. Siete horas más tarde, mientras una banda militar ejecutaba en la Plaza San Martín, lo acordes conmemorativos del 153 aniversario de la Independencia, proclamada por el Libertador en Huaura, comenzaban a descargarse en el Jirón de la Unión los primeros ejemplares de la primera edición de los diarios expropiados. Sin embargo, tras la muerte del general Velasco Alvarado, la misma dictadura – pero con diferente orientación histórica – dictó en 1978 una nueva ley de prensa que derogó la ley 20680; en la misma fue modificado el destinatario de la propiedad de los medios, es decir que ya no serían los “sectores organizados de la población” sino un indefinido modelo de “accionistas difundidos”. Más tarde, el gobierno constitucional del presidente Belaúnde Terry, derogó, por decreto legislativo, aquella ley Nº 22244 que había derogado a su vez la ley Nº 20680. O sea que en el Perú actual no existe ya una ley de prensa; por su importancia, CHASQUI publica ahora la ley Nª 20680 o Estatuto de Prensa de 1974, la ley Nª 20681, que dispuso la expropiación de los medios y el Acuerdo del Consejo de Ministros restableciendo la “libertad de prensa” como así también el decreto de devolución final de los diarios, sancionado el 11 de noviembre 1980 por el presidente Belaúnde Terry.

Normal ocular microbiota is composed of different Gram-negative and positive bacterial communities that act as commensals on the ocular surface. An imbalance in the homeostasis of the native species or dysbiosis triggers functional alterations that can eventually lead to ocular conditions, indicating the use of contact lenses as the most relevant predisposing factor. Through a bibliographic review that added scientific articles published between 2018 and 2022, the relationship between healthy ocular microbiota and dysbiosis associated with the use of contact lenses that trigger ocular conditions was analyzed. The ocular microbiota in healthy individuals is mainly composed of bacteria from the phyla: Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. These bacterial communities associated with the use of contact lenses develop dysbiosis, observing an increase in certain genera such as Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp., which under normal conditions are commensals of the ocular surface, but as their abundance is increased, they condition the appearance of various ocular conditions such as corneal infiltrative events, bacterial keratitis and corneal ulcer. These pathologies tend to evolve rapidly, which, added to late detection and treatment, can lead to a poor visual prognosis. It is suggested that professionals in the ophthalmology area learn about the composition of the communities of microorganisms that make up this ocular microbiota, in order to correctly distinguish and identify the causative agent, thereby providing a adequate and effective treatment to the user., (Copyright © 2023 Sociedad Española de Oftalmología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: The increase in strains resistant to antimicrobials in recent years may be due to their indiscriminate and excessive use. The World Health Organization (WHO) has promoted global surveillance of antimicrobial resistance; however, the biggest limitation is a lack of reliable data in some countries. Studies such as the Antibiotic Resistance Monitoring in Ocular Microorganisms (ARMOR) (2009 and 2013) and the Tracking Resistance in the United States Today (TRUST) report that the most prevalent microorganism in infections worldwide is Staphylococcus aureus, with a high percentage of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which are of great importance for public health due to their high resistance to antimicrobials. Objetive: To identify the main antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacteria isolated from infections or from ocular microbiota. Methods: A systematic review of literature in EBSCOhost databases: Academic Search, Medline, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Springer, PubMed, and Google Academics, with keywords such as ocular, antimicrobial, and resistance, between 2010 and 2017. Results: 30 articles on antimicrobial resistance from the last seven years were analyzed. In most countries, the genus Staphylococcus (S. aureus, 45%, NEC, 37%), Pseudomonas (8%) and Streptococcus (7%) were predominant. The lowest percentages were Corynebacterium (2%) and Klebsiella (1%). Conclusions: Most of the ocular isolates reported in the global context show resistance to beta-lactams. Increased resistance to these antibiotics implies a serious therapeutic problem in the hospital setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Optometry is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ZARCH: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Architecture & Urbanism is the property of Universidad de Zaragoza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este artículo se ocupa del estudio de la extensión semántica de la palabra ojo en las expresiones fraseológicas en chino y en español desde una perspectiva subléxica, incluida en el modelo teórico del Lexicón Generativo. El análisis de los datos ha permitido probar que el sentido global que aportan las expresiones idiomáticas, tanto en chino como en español, surge de la extensión semántica de la palabra clave ojo mediante la materialización de la información potencialmente codificada en distintos qualia de dicha palabra. Con el presente trabajo se puede afirmar que las expresiones idiomáticas, que parecen idiosincrásicas, en realidad no lo son, y que pueden tener una explicación teórica.

La ciclodiálisis resulta de la separación del cuerpo ciliar del espolón escleral, permitiendo la comunicación entre la cámara anterior y el espacio supracoroideo. Es un padecimiento raro que puede causar disminución grave de visión, secundaria a hipotonía crónica. Se presenta principalmente como consecuencia de traumatismos accidentales o quirúrgicos. El diagnóstico como el manejo de estos casos resulta difícil, requiriendo tener un alto nivel de sospecha y un seguimiento estrecho. La gonioscopía detallada logra el diagnóstico la mayor de las veces, sin embargo ésta puede resultar difícil por la presencia de cámara plana, hipema u otras alteraciones anatómicas secundarias al evento traumático o bien que contraindiquen la exploración gonioscópica como la presencia de sangrado reciente en cámara anterior. La ultrabiomicroscopía y la tomografía de coherencia óptica (oCT) del segmento anterior permiten un diagnóstico preciso con mínima invasión. Existen muchas posibilidades terapéuticas desde las menos invasivas como son el tratamiento médico con ciclopléjicos, ciclofotocoagulación, criopexia, hasta las más invasivas como ciclopexia con sutura, indentación escleral anterior, vitrectomía y tamponamiento con gas. Tanto el diagnóstico como el tratamiento de la ciclodiálisis resultan complejos, debido a la rareza de esta entidad aún no se cuenta con el tratamiento de elección para estos casos. Por lo general son pacientes con riesgo de disminución irreversible de la visión, por lo que se deben agotar todas las alternativas terapéuticas para poder ofrecer el mejor tratamiento y seguimiento posible, como se observa en los siguientes casos clínicos.

En este ensayo, nos proponemos examinar el mito de Narciso en la obra del poeta chileno Humberto Díaz-Casanueva (1906-1992). Nos interesa resaltar la originalidad de su reinterpretación del mito griego. En nuestra opinión, la peculiaridad de este Narciso reside en que él no se enamora de su reflejo en el espejo, sino del espejo mismo. En nuestra lectura, esto último significa que el sujeto, ante el espejo vacío, reconoce su propia muerte. Esta tesis, que podría sonar puramente negativa, debe sin embargo entenderse de una manera positiva: el poeta intenta pensar una subjetividad que no esté regulada por el principio de identidad.

This article is based on the review and in-depth analysis of the concepts related to human papillomavirus (HPV) virulence in the anterior segment of the eye, coexisting with multiple palpebral papillomas. Objective: To know the clinical, therapeutic, and epidemiological characteristics of the HPV infection in the anterior segment of the eye and eyelids, as well as its differential diagnoses. Methodology: A systematized and exhaustive review of relevant scientific literature with evidence of objectivity and reproductivity in the conclusions. The search was limited to a systematic review of meta-analyses and clinical trials, in English and Spanish, starting in 2000, based on the evaluation of the quality of the studies provided by the University of Oxford. Results: Extensive information was gathered on the infections produced by HPV in the anterior segment of the eye, in addition to determining their clinical, therapeutic, epidemiological, and preventive characteristics. Similarly, differential diagnoses were analyzed. Conclusion: Today, HPV infection is considered to be of great importance for human health; therefore, optometrists should have up-to-date knowledge on the subject in order to provide an adequate diagnosis, based on the identification of symptoms and signs, and to achieve a successful treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the presence of SARS-COV-2 specific IgA and IgG antibodies in tears of unvaccinated and anti-COVID-19 vaccinated subjects with previous history of SARS-COV-2 infection. To compare results in tears with those in saliva and serum and correlate with clinical data and vaccination regimens., Methods: Cross-sectional study including subjects with a previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, both unvaccinated and vaccinated against COVID-19. Three samples were collected: tears, saliva and serum. IgA and IgG antibodies against S-1 protein of SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed with a semi-quantitative ELISA., Results: 30 subjects, mean age 36.4 ± 10, males 13/30 (43.3%) with history of mild SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. 13/30 (43.3%) subjects had received a 2-dose regimen and 13/30 (43.3%) a 3-dose regimen of anti-COVID-19 vaccine, 4/30 (13.3%) subjects were unvaccinated. All the participants with full anti-COVID-19 vaccination (2-or 3-doses) presented detectable anti-S1 specific IgA in all three biofluids, tears, saliva and serum. Among unvaccinated subjects, specific IgA was detected in 3/4 subjects in tears and saliva, whereas IgG was not detected. Considering IgA and IgG antibodies titers, no differences were observed between the 2- and 3-dose vaccination regimen., Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and IgG antibodies were detected in tears after mild COVID-19, highlighting the role of the ocular surface as a first line of defense against infection. Most naturally infected unvaccinated individuals exhibit long-term specific IgA in tears and saliva. Hybrid immunization (natural infection plus vaccination) appears to enhance mucosal and systemic IgG responses. However, no differences were observed between the 2- and 3-dose vaccination schedule., (Copyright © 2023 Sociedad Española de Oftalmología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Este artículo es un análisis de la obra cinematográfica Emak Bakia centrado en el motivo del ojo. Su hipótesis es que en esta obra la alusión al ojo hace referencia al concepto de visión. Con la finalidad de validar la hipótesis se utiliza el método hermenéutico. Por esta razón, se realiza una iconografía del ojo que se extiende a parte de la obra fotográfica de Man Ray, para finalizar en la obra elegida.

El presente ensayo analiza la importancia de los motivos del ojo y la mirada en la poesía de Octavio Paz a partir del uso de diversas metáforas y sinestesias que privilegian la idea del poema como un espacio en movimiento o palabras en rotación. Por su parte, para Paz, el acto creador y el amor son dos temas significativos que logran ser aprehendidos por medio de la mirada y la textualidad ocular.

Aristóteles en De Sensu y Teofrasto en De Sensibus subrayan el hecho de que la mayoría de los que se han dedicado a estudiar la percepción visual desarrollan doctrinas que identifican la visión con el fuego. Ambos filósofos rechazan tales doctrinas, y particularmente la concepción ígnea del ojo en las que se basan. Aristóteles y Teofrasto analizan críticamente las doctrinas de Alcmeón, Empédocles y Platón, y frente a ellos Aristóteles defiende la naturaleza acuosa del ojo y una doctrina de la percepción visual centrada en el carácter diáfano del medio acuoso.