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2. Effective capacitance in a single-electron transistor

Author

Laakso, M. A., Ojanen, T., and Heikkila, T. T.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Starting from the Kubo formula for conductance, we calculate the frequency-dependent response of a single-electron transistor (SET) driven by an ac signal. Treating tunneling processes within the lowest order approximation, valid for a wide range of parameters, we discover a finite reactive part even under Coulomb blockade due to virtual processes. At low frequencies this can be described by an effective capacitance. This effect can be probed with microwave reflection measurements in radio-frequency (rf) SET provided that the capacitance of the surroundings does not completely mask that of the SET., Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures In the past few days we have noticed a serious sign error in the theory presented in this preprint, which essentially changes the sign of the capacitance correction. That is, otherwise the physics is as described, but the sign is incorrect. The new version reflects these changes

Published
2008
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5. Is relaxation correlated in superconducting qubits?

Author

Ojanen, T., Niskanen, A. O., Nakamura, Y., and Abdumalikov Jr, A. A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

We consider coupled quantum two-state systems (qubits) exposed to a global relaxation process. The global relaxation refers to the assumption that qubits are coupled to the same quantum bath with approximately equal strengths, appropriate for long-wavelength environmental fluctuations. We show that interactions do not spoil the picture of Dicke's subradiant and superradiant states where quantum interference effects lead to striking deviations from the independent relaxation picture. Remarkably, the system possess a stable entangled state and a state decaying faster than single qubit excitations. We propose a scheme how these effects can be experimentally accessed in superconducting flux qubits and, possibly, used in constructing long-lived entangled states., Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure

Published
2007

6. Quantum squeezing by a parametric resonance in a SQUID

Author

Ojanen, T. and Salo, J.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

We study rotating squeezed quantum states created by a parametric resonance in an open harmonic system. As a specific realization of the phenomenon we study a mesoscopic SQUID loop where the state preparation procedure is simple in principle and feasible with currently available experimental methods. By solving dynamics and calculating spectral properties we show that quantum fluctuations of SQUID observables can be reduced below their groundstate value. The measurement is introduced by coupling the SQUID to a transmission line carrying the radiation to a secondary measurement device. Besides the theoretical interest, our studies are motivated by an opportunity for a practical quantum noise engineering., Comment: 8 pages, 11 Figs

Published
2006

7. Quantum transitions induced by the third cumulant of current fluctuations

Author

Ojanen, T. and Heikkila, T. T.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

We investigate the transitions induced by external current fluctuations on a small probe quantum system. The rates for the transitions between the energy states are calculated using the real-time Keldysh formalism for the density matrix evolution. We especially detail the effects of the third cumulant of current fluctuations inductively coupled to a quantum bit and propose a setup for detecting the frequency-dependent third cumulant through the transitions it induces., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures

Published
2005
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13. Physical fitness and anthropometrics in Finnish soldiers during their early career: prospective changes during a 3-year follow-up

Author

Vaara, Jani P, Pihlainen, K, Rusila, J, Ojanen, T, and Kyro¨la¨inen, H

Abstract

IntroductionPhysical fitness is a fundamental capability required of military personnel, but studies focusing on longitudinal changes in physical fitness and anthropometrics in soldiers are lacking. The aim was to evaluate physical fitness and anthropometrics in soldiers during their early career.MethodsA 3-year prospective study included 180 male soldiers (baseline age 26±2 years) with measures of a 12 min running test, standing long jump, sit-up and push-up tests, and body mass, height and waist circumference (WC). Baseline data were stratified into tertiles, and the changes within each tertile were analysed using dependent t-tests and analysis of variance.Results12 min running test distance decreased on average by 2% (−54 m), sit-up performance 3% (−1.5 repetitions (reps)/min), push-up performance 4% (−1.9 reps/min) and standing long jump performance 1% (−2.1 cm) over the 3-year period (p<0.05). Both aerobic and muscular fitness decreased consistently among the highest baseline tertile (12 min running test: −70 m, sit-ups: −3.2 reps/min, push-ups: −7.5 reps/min, standing long jump: −5.5 cm; p<0.001), whereas both aerobic and muscular fitness levels were maintained and push-up performance was improved (p<0.05) in the lowest baseline tertiles. Body mass increased on average by 4% (+3.4 kg) and WC by 4% (+3.9 cm) (p<0.001), and these increases were observed for all baseline tertiles (p<0.05).ConclusionsSmall decrements in physical fitness and anthropometrics exist during the early career of soldiers. The changes in physical fitness differed according to baseline fitness levels. The results indicate that support for exercise training may be needed even in a soldier’s early career.

Published
2023
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20. The relation of body mass index and abdominal adiposity with dyslipidemia in 27 general populations of the WHO MONICA Project

Author

Hobbs, MST, Jamrozik, K., Thompson, PL, Armstrong, BK, de Backer, G, De Craene, I, Van Onsem, P, Van Parys, L., De Henauw, S, De Bacquer, D, Kornitzer, M, Berghmans, L., Bara, L, de Smet, P, Jeanjean, M, Brohet, C, Kulbertus, HE, Degre, S, Lavenne, F, Jansens, D, Lefebvre, F., Beck, D, Wunsch, G., Bertrand, F., van Houte, M., Rime, B., Rorive, G, Hannot, R., Adrienne, A, Luyckx, A, Wolf, HK, Gregor, RD, Bata, IR, Brownell, B., Webber, K, Skodova´, Z, Pisa, Z., Berka, L., Cicha, Z., Cerovska´, J, Emrova´, R, Hoke, M, Hronkova, M., Pikhartova´, J., Grafnetter, D., Poledne, R., Vojtisek, P., Vorlicek, J., Wiesner, E, Schroll, M, Kirchhoff, M, Sjøl, A., Quitsau Lund, S, Tuomilehto, J, Puska, P., Vartiainen, E., Korhonen, H., Jousilahti, M, Ducimetie`re, P, Richard, JL, Bingham, A., Lang, T, Amouyel, P, Cottel, D., Nuttens, MC, Marecaux, N., Dallongeville, J., Salomez, J. L., Montaye, M., Steclebout, C, Arveiler, D, Schaffer, P, Haas, V, Wagner, A, Lamamy, N., Savouret, M, Houset, M., Pierau, F., Goetz, V, Ferrie`res, J, Ruidavets, JB, Cambou, JP, Rodier, P., Saulet, C, Greiser, E., Herman, B., Stu¨demann, G, Nu¨ssel, E., Osto¨r Lamm, E., Scheidt, R., Morgenstern, W., Stadler, M, Ganova, M, Keil, U, Tietze, M., Banos, R., Do¨ring, A., Filipiak, B, Barth, W, Heinemann, L, Muche, J., Schmalfuss, S., Assmann, A., Bo¨thig, S., Voigt, G., Brasche, S., Quietzsch, D., Classen, E, Sigfu´sson, N, Gudmundsdo´ttir, II, Stefa´nsdo´ttir, I, Thorsteinsson, T., Sigvaldason H, Menotti, A, Giampaoli, S., Verdecchia, A, Righetti, G., De Pasquale, B., Di Raimo, P, Forte, E., Majetta, A, Vanuzzo, D, Feruglio, GA, Pilotto, L., Cignacco, G., Marini, R., Zilio, G, Cesana, GC, Ferrario, M, Sega, R., Mocarelli, P, BRAMBILLA, PAOLO, Bluzhas, J, Domarkiene, S., Tamosiunas, A., Reklaitiene, R, Beaglehole, R, Jackson, R, Bonita, R, Stewart, A., Mahon, V, Bingley, W, Pajak, A, Sznajd, J, Kawalec, E., Pazucha, T., Malczewska, M., Mo´rawska, I, Rywik, SL, Broda,V, Polakowska, M., Kurjata, P, Varlamova, A, Britov, A., Konstantinov, V, Timofeeva, V, Alexandri, V, Konstantinova, O, Nikitin, Y.u. P, Malyutina, S., Gafarov, V, Feigin, V, Sans, S., Balaguer Vintro´, V, Balana`, V, Gonzalez, V, Gomez, V, Borras, V, Rode´s, A, Wilhelmsen, L, Harmsen, P., Rosengren, A., Lappas, G, Asplund, K., Huhtasaari, F., Stegmayr, B., Lundberg V, Gutzwiller, F, Paccaud, F., Rickenbach, M., Wietlisbach, V., Barazzoni, F, Mainieri, F., Tullen, B, Evans, V, McCrum, EE, Falconer, T, Cashman, S., Patterson, C., Kerr, M., O’Reilly, D., Scott, A., McConville, M., McMillan, I., McMaster, D, Tunstall Pedoe, H., Smith, WCS, Tavendale, R., Crombie, V, Barrett, K., Brown, C., Shewry, M., Hannh, M. K, Morrisson, C, Planojevic, M, Jakovljevic, D., Svircevic, A., Mirilov, V., Strasser, V., Mendis, S., Martin8, I, Gyarfas8, V, Pı´_sa8, V, Dodu8, S. R. A., Bo¨thig8, S., Watson, M. J., Hill, M., Price, A, Kuulasmaa, K., Tuomilehto, J., Ruokokoski, E, Rajakangas, A. M., Ma¨kinen, M., Virman Ojanen, T, Palonen, L., Akkila, J, Cepaitis, Z., Molarius, A., Moltchanov, V., Tolonen, H, Grafnetter, D, Dobson, A., Fortmann, SP, Shatchkute, A, Zaitsev, V, Epstein, FH, Feinleib, M, Karvonen, MJ, Prineas, RJ, Williams, OD, Hobbs, M, Jamrozik, K, Thompson, P, Armstrong, B, de Backer, G, De Craene, I, Van Onsem, P, Van Parys, L, De Henauw, S, De Bacquer, D, Kornitzer, M, Berghmans, L, Bara, L, de Smet, P, Jeanjean, M, Brohet, C, Kulbertus, H, Degre, S, Lavenne, F, Jansens, D, Lefebvre, F, Beck, D, Wunsch, G, Bertrand, F, van Houte, M, Rime, B, Rorive, G, Hannot, R, Adrienne, A, Luyckx, A, Wolf, H, Gregor, R, Bata, I, Brownell, B, Webber, K, Skodova´, Z, Pisa, Z, Berka, L, Cicha, Z, Cerovska´, J, Emrova´, R, Hoke, M, Hronkova, M, Pikhartova´, J, Grafnetter, D, Poledne, R, Vojtisek, P, Vorlicek, J, Wiesner, E, Schroll, M, Kirchhoff, M, Sjøl, A, Quitsau Lund, S, Tuomilehto, J, Puska, P, Vartiainen, E, Korhonen, H, Jousilahti, M, Ducimetie`re, P, Richard, J, Bingham, A, Lang, T, Amouyel, P, Cottel, D, Nuttens, M, Marecaux, N, Dallongeville, J, Salomez, J, Montaye, M, Steclebout, C, Arveiler, D, Schaffer, P, Haas, V, Wagner, A, Lamamy, N, Savouret, M, Houset, M, Pierau, F, Goetz, V, Ferrie`res, J, Ruidavets, J, Cambou, J, Rodier, P, Saulet, C, Greiser, E, Herman, B, Stu¨demann, G, Nu¨ssel, E, Osto¨r Lamm, E, Scheidt, R, Morgenstern, W, Stadler, M, Ganova, M, Keil, U, Tietze, M, Banos, R, Do¨ring, A, Filipiak, B, Barth, W, Heinemann, L, Muche, J, Schmalfuss, S, Assmann, A, Bo¨thig, S, Voigt, G, Brasche, S, Quietzsch, D, Classen, E, Sigfu´sson, N, Gudmundsdo´ttir, I, Stefa´nsdo´ttir, I, Thorsteinsson, T, Sigvaldason, H, Menotti, A, Giampaoli, S, Verdecchia, A, Righetti, G, De Pasquale, B, Di Raimo, P, Forte, E, Majetta, A, Vanuzzo, D, Feruglio, G, Pilotto, L, Cignacco, G, Marini, R, Zilio, G, Cesana, G, Ferrario, M, Sega, R, Mocarelli, P, Brambilla, P, Bluzhas, J, Domarkiene, S, Tamosiunas, A, Reklaitiene, R, Beaglehole, R, Jackson, R, Bonita, R, Stewart, A, Mahon, V, Bingley, W, Pajak, A, Sznajd, J, Kawalec, E, Pazucha, T, Malczewska, M, Mo´rawska, I, Rywik, S, Broda, V, Polakowska, M, Kurjata, P, Varlamova, A, Britov, A, Konstantinov, V, Timofeeva, V, Alexandri, V, Konstantinova, O, Nikitin, Y, Malyutina, S, Gafarov, V, Feigin, V, Sans, S, Balaguer Vintro´, V, Balana`, V, Gonzalez, V, Gomez, V, Borras, V, Rode´s, A, Wilhelmsen, L, Harmsen, P, Rosengren, A, Lappas, G, Asplund, K, Huhtasaari, F, Stegmayr, B, Lundberg, V, Gutzwiller, F, Paccaud, F, Rickenbach, M, Wietlisbach, V, Barazzoni, F, Mainieri, F, Tullen, B, Evans, V, Mccrum, E, Falconer, T, Cashman, S, Patterson, C, Kerr, M, O’Reilly, D, Scott, A, Mcconville, M, Mcmillan, I, Mcmaster, D, Tunstall Pedoe, H, Smith, W, Tavendale, R, Crombie, V, Barrett, K, Brown, C, Shewry, M, Hannh, M, Morrisson, C, Planojevic, M, Jakovljevic, D, Svircevic, A, Mirilov, V, Strasser, V, Mendis, S, Martin8, I, Gyarfas8, V, Pı´_sa8, V, Dodu8, S, Bo¨thig8, S, Watson, M, Hill, M, Price, A, Kuulasmaa, K, Ruokokoski, E, Rajakangas, A, Ma¨kinen, M, Virman Ojanen, T, Palonen, L, Akkila, J, Cepaitis, Z, Molarius, A, Moltchanov, V, Tolonen, H, Dobson, A, Fortmann, S, Shatchkute, A, Zaitsev, V, Epstein, F, Feinleib, M, Karvonen, M, Prineas, R, and Williams, O

Subjects
Adult, Male, Canada, medicine.medical_specialty, BIO/12 - BIOCHIMICA CLINICA E BIOLOGIA MOLECOLARE CLINICA, Waist, Cross-sectional study, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medicine (miscellaneous), Logistic regression, Body Mass Index, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, Triglycerides, Abdominal obesity, Adiposity, Dyslipidemias, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Cholesterol, HDL, Smoking, Australia, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Cholesterol, LDL, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Health Surveys, Europe, Menopause, Cross-Sectional Studies, Logistic Models, Endocrinology, Dyslipidemia, Quartile, Obesity, Abdominal, Female, Waist Circumference, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Body mass index, New Zealand, Demography
Abstract

Background and aims: The association between adiposity measures and dyslipidemia has seldom been assessed in a multipopulational setting. Methods and results: 27 populations from Europe, Australia, New Zealand and Canada (WHO MONICA project) using health surveys conducted between 1990 and 1997 in adults aged 35-64 years (n = 40,480). Dyslipidemia was defined as the total/HDL cholesterol ratio >6 (men) and >5 (women).Overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 25% in men and 23% in women. Logistic regression showed that dyslipidemia was strongly associated with body mass index (BMI) in men and with waist circumference (WC) in women, after adjusting for region, age and smoking. Among normal-weight men and women (BMI84.8 cm) in normal-weight men, menopause in women and regular smoking further defined subgroups at increased risk. Conclusion: standard categories of BMI and WC, or their combinations, do not lead to optimal risk stratification for dyslipidemia in middle-age adults. Sex-specific adaptations are necessary, in particular by taking into account abdominal obesity in normal-weight men, post-menopausal age in women and regular smoking in both sexes

Published
2013
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22. Abstracts of papers Rational use of drugs: 18th European Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy

Author

Dukes, M. N. G., Elenbaas, Robert M., Tognoni, G., Smith, Dorothy L., Lunde, Inga, Leufkens, H. G. M., Hekster, Y. A., Bakker, A., Ostino, G., Petri, H., Sturmans, F., Banta, H. D., Rutten, F. F. H., Martens, L. L., Noyce, P. R., Merkus, F. W. H. M., de Jong-v.d.Berg, Lolkje, Haaijer-Ruskamp, Flora, Dukes, Graham, Vidgren, B. -M., Vidgren, S., Martini, N., Sala, M. L., Scroccaro, G., Olivencia, P., McLcod, D. C., Coln, W. G., Hartzcma, A. G., Thaver, C. F., Rodriguez-Sasiain, J. M., Sangroniz, B., Mauleon, M. D., Wood, M. A., Martinez, M. J., Leinebø, O., Saugen, J. N., Marini, P., Olivato, R., Alberola, C., Cruz-Martos, E., Cruz, T., Marfagon, N., de Tejada, A. Herreros, Denig, P., Haaijer-Ruskamp, F. M., Wesseling, H., Versluis, A., Gascón, M. P., Horne, Robert, Hough, Jane, Klazinga, N. S., van Everdingen, J. J. -E., van den Broek, P. J., Roberts, D. K., Veitch, G. B. A., Tan K. K. C., Holland D. A., Allwood M. C., Nicholls, A., Astobieta, A., Calvo, R., Rodriquez-Sasiain, J. M., Barriquand, D., Pochon, C., Aulagner, G., Vial, A., Dumarest, C., Maire, P. H., Jelliffe, R. W., Brouwers, J. R. B. J., Cramer, K., Gulyas, J., vd Kam, H. J., Sijtsma, J., Donadio, C., Tramonti, G., Garcea, G., Costagli, M., Lucchetti, A., Giordani, R., Paizis, G., Pierotti, R., Falcone, G., Bianchi, C., Gallastegui C., Farré R., Jiménez I., Mangues M. A., Guasch E., Ginovart G., Sagrera X., Raspall F., Queralto J. M., Kovarik, J. M., Rademaker, C. M. A., Verhoef, J., Silvestri, L., Caputo, M., Andrew, M., Toverud, E. -L., Jimenez I., Castro I., Alvarez E., Altimiras J., van de Leur, J. J. J. P. M., Muller, N. F., Van Turnhout, J. M., Mendizabal, L., Sasiain, J. M. Rodriguez, Morana, G., Ofstad, K. Moss, Timenes, A. -M., Vroom, J. K. F., de Jong-van den Berg, L. T. W., van den Berg, P. B., de Gier, J. J., Ferres J., Recoder O., Sanchez Rio T., Garcia M. P., Julia A., Balet A., Farre R., Manques M. A., Berod, T., Dufay, E., Naveau, C., Combe, M., Sauvageon, A., Hansen, Erik Wind, Christensen, Jens Dencker, Lie-A-Huen, L., Kinqma, J. H., Meijer, D. K. P., Le Meur, F., Isoard, P., Salek, M. S., Finlay, A. Y., Khan, G. K., Luscombe, D. K., Stuurman, A., Boidin, M. P., Wallenius, K., Ojala, R., Kariluoto, A., Ikonen, M., Paes, A. H. P., Blom, A. Th. G., Bakker, A., Wallenius, S., Enlund, H., Vainio, K., Codina, C., Roca, M., Sardà, P., Corominas, N., Massó, J., Ribas, J., Kentra, K., Myllyntausta, M., Saarenpää, M., Airaksinen, M. S. A., Mendarte, L., Rimola, A., Meisters, R., Hekster, Y., Janssen, W., Cox, A., Kempen, R., Aerdts, S. J. A., van Dalen, R., Clasener, H. A. L., Festen, J., Schjphorst, PP, Benraad, HB, van Asten, P., de Wit, R., Muller, N. F., Limbeek, R. J. G., Nagel, H. G. M., Mgyboom, R. H. B., Stricker, B. H. C., van den Berg, B. A. M., Nelen, T. H. A., Tijssen, T. A. G., Wassink, P., Wassink-L'Ortije, M. J. E., Gascón, P., Selva, C., Bassons, T., Pardo, C., Mas, M. P., Saqalés, M., Sánchez, F., Mercade, V., Pujol, R., Agustí, C., Cano, M., Gurrera, T., Gorchs, M., Fabregas, X., Murgui, L. L., Verdaguer, A., Witjes, W. P. J., Vollaard, E. J., Crul, B. J. P., Limpens, C., Ahonen, K., Klaukka, T., Vohlonen, I., Martikainen, J., Goldenberg, Daniel, Brodsky, Andres, Aparici, Ines, Argeri, Cecilia, Goldenberg D., Saidman C., Sevinski L., Allevato N., Mujico B., Ubogui J., Dorfman P., Rodriguez Lupo L., Varela M., Higa J., Fourrier, Annie, Larrouturou, Philippe, Samarran, Claire, Huchet, Jacqueline, Barber, N. D., Party, N., Wilson, P., Eide, Grethe, Horvei, Kari, Kruse-Jensen, Angelika, Wold, Ingrid, Møark, Turid, Barrett, C. W., Tugwell, A. C., Søndergaard, B., Rasmussen, M., Davidsen, F., Hey, H., Kierkeby, L., Riis, L., Korhonen, M., Vidgren, P., Ojanen, T., Vidqren, M., Ferrés J., Sanchez T., Gallastequi C., Julià A., Herings, R. M. C., Stricker, B. H. Ch., Janssen, A. J. H. H., Dinter, Heike, Janssen, A. J. H. M., Barbaut, X., Proust, S., Amlagner, G., Eskens, F. A. L. M., Clasener, H. A. L., Vollaard, E. J., Arnoldussen, E., Sieradzki, E., Wanat-Słupska, E., Zlółkowska, M., Pankowska, I., Mazur, R., Ksiazkiewicz, B., Jankowski, A., Marzec, A., Marzec, C., Marzec, M. O., Marzec, J. P., Marzec, A., Mungall, D. R., Portnoy, Lynne, Lucas, F., Kadir, F., Pijpers, A., Vulto, A., Zuidema, J., Tan, K. K. C., Sutton, P., Samu, Antal, Murphy, John E., Chapman, Ronnie, Wieringa, Nicolien, de Gier, J. J., Rolloos, J., Voesten, M. T. P. J., de Meijer, P. J. J., de Koning, G. H. P., Salek, S., Reerink, E., Mungall, D. R., Farrow, L., Raskob G., Rosenbloom D., Hull R., Ferres J., Torras A., Farre R., Recorder O., Garcia M. P., Torras C., Cubellsl J., Font, M., Madridejos, R., Catalán, A., Huguet, M., Franquesa, N., Gratacós, J., Martinez, M., Saltó, A., van der Kleijn, E., ter Wee, R. J. M., Holmberg, N., and Brenninkmeijer, R. F.

Published
1989
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24. Mold growth modeling of building structures using sensitivity classes of materials

Author

Ojanen, T., Viitanen, H., Ruut Peuhkuri, Lähdesmäki, K., Vinha, J., and Salminen, K.

Abstract

Numerical simulation of mold growth can be used as one of the hygrothermal performance criteria of building structures. Mold growth is one of the first signs of too-high moisture content of materials, and it may affect the indoor air quality and also the appearance of the visible surfaces. Mold growth potential can be predicted by solving a numerical value, mold index, by using the dynamic temperature and relative humidity histories of the subjected material surfaces. The model was originally based on mold growth of wooden materials, but it has now been completed with several other building materials. The model can be used parallel with heat, air, and moisture simulation models or as a post-processing tool. This paper presents the latest findings of mold growth and the modeling of these factors on different materials. The mold growth model has been improved by taking into account the effect of seasonal, long dry or cold periods that do not allow growth. This includes mechanisms for the decrease of mold level (decline of mold index) during unfavorable growth periods and the intensity of the growth after these periods. The laboratory and field results show that the sensitivity of the mold index level may vary in a large range depending on materials. Also, the performance on the interface of two materials has been studied. Instead of modeling the performance separately for each material or product, the materials are presented as different mold sensitivity classes varying from resistant to very sensitive. The sensitive class corresponds to the performance of pine sapwood, which was one basic material in the original model format. Other materials are presented by using the detected correlations between these materials. The mold growth sensitivity classes, decline of the growth level, comparison to detected mold level in materials, and numerical application in practical hygrothermal performance analysis are presented and discussed.

Published
2010

25. Moisture performance characteristics of OSB and spruce plywood exterior sheathing products

Author

Ojanen, T., Ahonen, J., Carey Simonson, and Fazio, Paul

Subjects
OSB, sorption, plywood, drying efficiency, dimensions, moisture performance
Abstract

Plywood and OSB (Oriented Strand Board) are both made of timber and glue and have good structural strength. OSB is a relatively new product that has lower requirements for the timber raw material than plywood. Quite often these products are equated without considering their moisture properties under as exterior sheathing conditions- low temperatures and high humidities in cold climates - or the effect of these properties on the overall moisture performance of structures. A representative amount of samples were used to study the moisture properties and moisture performance characteristics of European OSB and plywood products and a comparison to one North American OSB and one plywood product was done. The results show clearly the moisture performance differences between OSB and plywood products. The products are not interchangeable in all applications and special attention is needed to find the best application in different climate and moisture load conditions.

Published
2006

27. SURVEILLE Deliverable 2.6: Matrix of surveillance technologies

Author

Guelke, J. (author), Sorell, T. (author), Hadjimatheou, K. (author), Scheinin, M. (author), Andrew, J. (author), Lavapuro, J. (author), Ojanen, T. (author), Grazia Porcedda, M. (author), Vermeulen, M. (author), McNeill, B. (author), Van Gulijk, C. (author), Sillem, S. (author), Lin, P.H. (author), Kooij, B.J. (author), Guelke, J. (author), Sorell, T. (author), Hadjimatheou, K. (author), Scheinin, M. (author), Andrew, J. (author), Lavapuro, J. (author), Ojanen, T. (author), Grazia Porcedda, M. (author), Vermeulen, M. (author), McNeill, B. (author), Van Gulijk, C. (author), Sillem, S. (author), Lin, P.H. (author), and Kooij, B.J. (author)

Abstract

Values, Technology and Innovation, Technology, Policy and Management

Published
2013

28. The relation of body mass index and abdominal adiposity with dyslipidemia in 27 general populations of the WHO MONICA Project

Author

Hobbs, M, Jamrozik, K, Thompson, P, Armstrong, B, de Backer, G, De Craene, I, Van Onsem, P, Van Parys, L, De Henauw, S, De Bacquer, D, Kornitzer, M, Berghmans, L, Bara, L, de Smet, P, Jeanjean, M, Brohet, C, Kulbertus, H, Degre, S, Lavenne, F, Jansens, D, Lefebvre, F, Beck, D, Wunsch, G, Bertrand, F, van Houte, M, Rime, B, Rorive, G, Hannot, R, Adrienne, A, Luyckx, A, Wolf, H, Gregor, R, Bata, I, Brownell, B, Webber, K, Skodova ́, Z, Pisa, Z, Berka, L, Cicha, Z, Cerovska ́, J, Emrova ́, R, Hoke, M, Hronkova, M, Pikhartova ́, J, Grafnetter, D, Poledne, R, Vojtisek, P, Vorlicek, J, Wiesner, E, Schroll, M, Kirchhoff, M, Sjøl, A, Quitsau Lund, S, Tuomilehto, J, Puska, P, Vartiainen, E, Korhonen, H, Jousilahti, M, Ducimetie`re, P, Richard, J, Bingham, A, Lang, T, Amouyel, P, Cottel, D, Nuttens, M, Marecaux, N, Dallongeville, J, Salomez, J, Montaye, M, Steclebout, C, Arveiler, D, Schaffer, P, Haas, V, Wagner, A, Lamamy, N, Savouret, M, Houset, M, Pierau, F, Goetz, V, Ferrie`res, J, Ruidavets, J, Cambou, J, Rodier, P, Saulet, C, Greiser, E, Herman, B, Stu ̈demann, G, Nu ̈ssel, E, Osto ̈r Lamm, E, Scheidt, R, Morgenstern, W, Stadler, M, Ganova, M, Keil, U, Tietze, M, Banos, R, Do ̈ring, A, Filipiak, B, Barth, W, Heinemann, L, Muche, J, Schmalfuss, S, Assmann, A, Bo ̈thig, S, Voigt, G, Brasche, S, Quietzsch, D, Classen, E, Sigfu ́sson, N, Gudmundsdo ́ttir, I, Stefa ́nsdo ́ttir, I, Thorsteinsson, T, Sigvaldason, H, Menotti, A, Giampaoli, S, Verdecchia, A, Righetti, G, De Pasquale, B, Di Raimo, P, Forte, E, Majetta, A, Vanuzzo, D, Feruglio, G, Pilotto, L, Cignacco, G, Marini, R, Zilio, G, Cesana, G, Ferrario, M, Sega, R, Mocarelli, P, Brambilla, P, Bluzhas, J, Domarkiene, S, Tamosiunas, A, Reklaitiene, R, Beaglehole, R, Jackson, R, Bonita, R, Stewart, A, Mahon, V, Bingley, W, Pajak, A, Sznajd, J, Kawalec, E, Pazucha, T, Malczewska, M, Mo ́rawska, I, Rywik, S, Broda, V, Polakowska, M, Kurjata, P, Varlamova, A, Britov, A, Konstantinov, V, Timofeeva, V, Alexandri, V, Konstantinova, O, Nikitin, Y, Malyutina, S, Gafarov, V, Feigin, V, Sans, S, Balaguer Vintro ́, V, Balana`, V, Gonzalez, V, Gomez, V, Borras, V, Rode ́s, A, Wilhelmsen, L, Harmsen, P, Rosengren, A, Lappas, G, Asplund, K, Huhtasaari, F, Stegmayr, B, Lundberg, V, Gutzwiller, F, Paccaud, F, Rickenbach, M, Wietlisbach, V, Barazzoni, F, Mainieri, F, Tullen, B, Evans, V, Mccrum, E, Falconer, T, Cashman, S, Patterson, C, Kerr, M, O’Reilly, D, Scott, A, Mcconville, M, Mcmillan, I, Mcmaster, D, Tunstall Pedoe, H, Smith, W, Tavendale, R, Crombie, V, Barrett, K, Brown, C, Shewry, M, Hannh, M, Morrisson, C, Planojevic, M, Jakovljevic, D, Svircevic, A, Mirilov, V, Strasser, V, Mendis, S, Martin8, I, Gyarfas8, V, Pı ́_sa8, V, Dodu8, S, Bo ̈thig8, S, Watson, M, Hill, M, Price, A, Kuulasmaa, K, Ruokokoski, E, Rajakangas, A, Ma ̈kinen, M, Virman Ojanen, T, Palonen, L, Akkila, J, Cepaitis, Z, Molarius, A, Moltchanov, V, Tolonen, H, Dobson, A, Fortmann, S, Shatchkute, A, Zaitsev, V, Epstein, F, Feinleib, M, Karvonen, M, Prineas, R, Williams, O, Hobbs, MST, Jamrozik, K., Thompson, PL, Armstrong, BK, Van Parys, L., Berghmans, L., Kulbertus, HE, Lefebvre, F., Wunsch, G., Bertrand, F., van Houte, M., Rime, B., Hannot, R., Wolf, HK, Gregor, RD, Bata, IR, Brownell, B., Pisa, Z., Berka, L., Cicha, Z., Hronkova, M., Pikhartova ́, J., Grafnetter, D., Poledne, R., Vojtisek, P., Vorlicek, J., Sjøl, A., Puska, P., Vartiainen, E., Korhonen, H., Richard, JL, Bingham, A., Cottel, D., Nuttens, MC, Marecaux, N., Dallongeville, J., Salomez, J. L., Montaye, M., Lamamy, N., Houset, M., Pierau, F., Ruidavets, JB, Cambou, JP, Rodier, P., Greiser, E., Herman, B., Nu ̈ssel, E., Osto ̈r Lamm, E., Scheidt, R., Morgenstern, W., Tietze, M., Banos, R., Do ̈ring, A., Muche, J., Schmalfuss, S., Assmann, A., Bo ̈thig, S., Voigt, G., Brasche, S., Quietzsch, D., Gudmundsdo ́ttir, II, Thorsteinsson, T., Sigvaldason H, Giampaoli, S., Righetti, G., De Pasquale, B., Forte, E., Feruglio, GA, Pilotto, L., Cignacco, G., Marini, R., Cesana, GC, Sega, R., BRAMBILLA, PAOLO, Domarkiene, S., Tamosiunas, A., Stewart, A., Kawalec, E., Pazucha, T., Malczewska, M., Rywik, SL, Broda,V, Polakowska, M., Britov, A., Nikitin, Y.u. P, Malyutina, S., Sans, S., Harmsen, P., Rosengren, A., Asplund, K., Huhtasaari, F., Stegmayr, B., Lundberg V, Paccaud, F., Rickenbach, M., Wietlisbach, V., Mainieri, F., McCrum, EE, Cashman, S., Patterson, C., Kerr, M., O’Reilly, D., Scott, A., McConville, M., McMillan, I., McMaster, D, Tunstall Pedoe, H., Smith, WCS, Tavendale, R., Barrett, K., Brown, C., Shewry, M., Hannh, M. K, Jakovljevic, D., Svircevic, A., Mirilov, V., Strasser, V., Mendis, S., Dodu8, S. R. A., Bo ̈thig8, S., Watson, M. J., Hill, M., Kuulasmaa, K., Tuomilehto, J., Rajakangas, A. M., Ma ̈kinen, M., Palonen, L., Cepaitis, Z., Molarius, A., Moltchanov, V., Dobson, A., Fortmann, SP, Epstein, FH, Karvonen, MJ, Prineas, RJ, Williams, OD, Hobbs, M, Jamrozik, K, Thompson, P, Armstrong, B, de Backer, G, De Craene, I, Van Onsem, P, Van Parys, L, De Henauw, S, De Bacquer, D, Kornitzer, M, Berghmans, L, Bara, L, de Smet, P, Jeanjean, M, Brohet, C, Kulbertus, H, Degre, S, Lavenne, F, Jansens, D, Lefebvre, F, Beck, D, Wunsch, G, Bertrand, F, van Houte, M, Rime, B, Rorive, G, Hannot, R, Adrienne, A, Luyckx, A, Wolf, H, Gregor, R, Bata, I, Brownell, B, Webber, K, Skodova ́, Z, Pisa, Z, Berka, L, Cicha, Z, Cerovska ́, J, Emrova ́, R, Hoke, M, Hronkova, M, Pikhartova ́, J, Grafnetter, D, Poledne, R, Vojtisek, P, Vorlicek, J, Wiesner, E, Schroll, M, Kirchhoff, M, Sjøl, A, Quitsau Lund, S, Tuomilehto, J, Puska, P, Vartiainen, E, Korhonen, H, Jousilahti, M, Ducimetie`re, P, Richard, J, Bingham, A, Lang, T, Amouyel, P, Cottel, D, Nuttens, M, Marecaux, N, Dallongeville, J, Salomez, J, Montaye, M, Steclebout, C, Arveiler, D, Schaffer, P, Haas, V, Wagner, A, Lamamy, N, Savouret, M, Houset, M, Pierau, F, Goetz, V, Ferrie`res, J, Ruidavets, J, Cambou, J, Rodier, P, Saulet, C, Greiser, E, Herman, B, Stu ̈demann, G, Nu ̈ssel, E, Osto ̈r Lamm, E, Scheidt, R, Morgenstern, W, Stadler, M, Ganova, M, Keil, U, Tietze, M, Banos, R, Do ̈ring, A, Filipiak, B, Barth, W, Heinemann, L, Muche, J, Schmalfuss, S, Assmann, A, Bo ̈thig, S, Voigt, G, Brasche, S, Quietzsch, D, Classen, E, Sigfu ́sson, N, Gudmundsdo ́ttir, I, Stefa ́nsdo ́ttir, I, Thorsteinsson, T, Sigvaldason, H, Menotti, A, Giampaoli, S, Verdecchia, A, Righetti, G, De Pasquale, B, Di Raimo, P, Forte, E, Majetta, A, Vanuzzo, D, Feruglio, G, Pilotto, L, Cignacco, G, Marini, R, Zilio, G, Cesana, G, Ferrario, M, Sega, R, Mocarelli, P, Brambilla, P, Bluzhas, J, Domarkiene, S, Tamosiunas, A, Reklaitiene, R, Beaglehole, R, Jackson, R, Bonita, R, Stewart, A, Mahon, V, Bingley, W, Pajak, A, Sznajd, J, Kawalec, E, Pazucha, T, Malczewska, M, Mo ́rawska, I, Rywik, S, Broda, V, Polakowska, M, Kurjata, P, Varlamova, A, Britov, A, Konstantinov, V, Timofeeva, V, Alexandri, V, Konstantinova, O, Nikitin, Y, Malyutina, S, Gafarov, V, Feigin, V, Sans, S, Balaguer Vintro ́, V, Balana`, V, Gonzalez, V, Gomez, V, Borras, V, Rode ́s, A, Wilhelmsen, L, Harmsen, P, Rosengren, A, Lappas, G, Asplund, K, Huhtasaari, F, Stegmayr, B, Lundberg, V, Gutzwiller, F, Paccaud, F, Rickenbach, M, Wietlisbach, V, Barazzoni, F, Mainieri, F, Tullen, B, Evans, V, Mccrum, E, Falconer, T, Cashman, S, Patterson, C, Kerr, M, O’Reilly, D, Scott, A, Mcconville, M, Mcmillan, I, Mcmaster, D, Tunstall Pedoe, H, Smith, W, Tavendale, R, Crombie, V, Barrett, K, Brown, C, Shewry, M, Hannh, M, Morrisson, C, Planojevic, M, Jakovljevic, D, Svircevic, A, Mirilov, V, Strasser, V, Mendis, S, Martin8, I, Gyarfas8, V, Pı ́_sa8, V, Dodu8, S, Bo ̈thig8, S, Watson, M, Hill, M, Price, A, Kuulasmaa, K, Ruokokoski, E, Rajakangas, A, Ma ̈kinen, M, Virman Ojanen, T, Palonen, L, Akkila, J, Cepaitis, Z, Molarius, A, Moltchanov, V, Tolonen, H, Dobson, A, Fortmann, S, Shatchkute, A, Zaitsev, V, Epstein, F, Feinleib, M, Karvonen, M, Prineas, R, Williams, O, Hobbs, MST, Jamrozik, K., Thompson, PL, Armstrong, BK, Van Parys, L., Berghmans, L., Kulbertus, HE, Lefebvre, F., Wunsch, G., Bertrand, F., van Houte, M., Rime, B., Hannot, R., Wolf, HK, Gregor, RD, Bata, IR, Brownell, B., Pisa, Z., Berka, L., Cicha, Z., Hronkova, M., Pikhartova ́, J., Grafnetter, D., Poledne, R., Vojtisek, P., Vorlicek, J., Sjøl, A., Puska, P., Vartiainen, E., Korhonen, H., Richard, JL, Bingham, A., Cottel, D., Nuttens, MC, Marecaux, N., Dallongeville, J., Salomez, J. L., Montaye, M., Lamamy, N., Houset, M., Pierau, F., Ruidavets, JB, Cambou, JP, Rodier, P., Greiser, E., Herman, B., Nu ̈ssel, E., Osto ̈r Lamm, E., Scheidt, R., Morgenstern, W., Tietze, M., Banos, R., Do ̈ring, A., Muche, J., Schmalfuss, S., Assmann, A., Bo ̈thig, S., Voigt, G., Brasche, S., Quietzsch, D., Gudmundsdo ́ttir, II, Thorsteinsson, T., Sigvaldason H, Giampaoli, S., Righetti, G., De Pasquale, B., Forte, E., Feruglio, GA, Pilotto, L., Cignacco, G., Marini, R., Cesana, GC, Sega, R., BRAMBILLA, PAOLO, Domarkiene, S., Tamosiunas, A., Stewart, A., Kawalec, E., Pazucha, T., Malczewska, M., Rywik, SL, Broda,V, Polakowska, M., Britov, A., Nikitin, Y.u. P, Malyutina, S., Sans, S., Harmsen, P., Rosengren, A., Asplund, K., Huhtasaari, F., Stegmayr, B., Lundberg V, Paccaud, F., Rickenbach, M., Wietlisbach, V., Mainieri, F., McCrum, EE, Cashman, S., Patterson, C., Kerr, M., O’Reilly, D., Scott, A., McConville, M., McMillan, I., McMaster, D, Tunstall Pedoe, H., Smith, WCS, Tavendale, R., Barrett, K., Brown, C., Shewry, M., Hannh, M. K, Jakovljevic, D., Svircevic, A., Mirilov, V., Strasser, V., Mendis, S., Dodu8, S. R. A., Bo ̈thig8, S., Watson, M. J., Hill, M., Kuulasmaa, K., Tuomilehto, J., Rajakangas, A. M., Ma ̈kinen, M., Palonen, L., Cepaitis, Z., Molarius, A., Moltchanov, V., Dobson, A., Fortmann, SP, Epstein, FH, Karvonen, MJ, Prineas, RJ, and Williams, OD

Abstract

Background and aims: The association between adiposity measures and dyslipidemia has seldom been assessed in a multipopulational setting. Methods and results: 27 populations from Europe, Australia, New Zealand and Canada (WHO MONICA project) using health surveys conducted between 1990 and 1997 in adults aged 35-64 years (n = 40,480). Dyslipidemia was defined as the total/HDL cholesterol ratio >6 (men) and >5 (women).Overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 25% in men and 23% in women. Logistic regression showed that dyslipidemia was strongly associated with body mass index (BMI) in men and with waist circumference (WC) in women, after adjusting for region, age and smoking. Among normal-weight men and women (BMI<25 kg/m2), an increase in the odds for being dyslipidemic was observed between lowest and highest WC quartiles (OR = 3.6, p < 0.001). Among obese men (BMI ≥ 30), the corresponding increase was smaller (OR = 1.2, p = 0.036). A similar weakening was observed among women. Classification tree analysis was performed to assign subjects into classes of risk for dyslipidemia. BMI thresholds (25.4 and 29.2 kg/m2) in men and WC thresholds (81.7 and 92.6 cm) in women came out at first stages. High WC (>84.8 cm) in normal-weight men, menopause in women and regular smoking further defined subgroups at increased risk. Conclusion: standard categories of BMI and WC, or their combinations, do not lead to optimal risk stratification for dyslipidemia in middle-age adults. Sex-specific adaptations are necessary, in particular by taking into account abdominal obesity in normal-weight men, post-menopausal age in women and regular smoking in both sexes

Published
2013

29. Improving indoor climate and comfort with wooden structures

Author

Carey Simonson, Salonvaara, M., and Ojanen, T.

Subjects
construction, thermal comfort, apartment buildings, ventilation, indoor climate, SDG 11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities, building envelope, wooden structures, moisture, mass transfer, heat transfer, SDG 13 - Climate Action, fungi, indoor air quality
Abstract

In this report, the moisture performance of a bedroom in a wooden apartment building is studied numerically using hourly weather data from 4 different cities (Helsinki, Finland, Saint Hubert, Belgium, Holzkirchen, Germany and Trapani, Italy). The bedroom is occupied for 9 hours by two adults during the night (22:00 to 7:00), the volume is 32.4 m3 and the wall surface area is 60 m2. With the basic input parameters (moisture production of 60g/h, ventilation rate of 0.5 ach and a permeable internal coating on the ceiling and walls) the moisture transfer between indoor air and the building structure is very active. With these parameters, the moisture transfer between indoor air and structures can significantly improve the indoor climate and air quality compared to the case where the internal coating is vapour tight. Moisture storage in wood based materials can reduce the peak humidity during the night and this moisture can then be removed by ventilation air during the following day. In general (at a ventilation rate of 0.5 ach), the indoor humidity is close to the outdoor humidity when the occupants enter the room (22:00) for all structures and materials. The increase in absolute humidity during the night is quite independent of the climate, but the amount of time when the indoor climate and air quality are unsatisfactory is very dependent on the climate. Passive methods of controlling the indoor climate are naturally more successful in moderate climates than in hot and humid climates, even though they provide benefits in all climates. With the basic input parameters, there are many materials that can realise an enhanced moisture performance. For example, either a hygroscopic wallboard or hygroscopic insulation can provide good performance. However, when there is a hygroscopic wallboard, the insulation behind the wallboard has little effect on the performance. Therefore, the indoor moisture level of a room with a hygroscopic wallboard is quite insensitive to the hygroscopicity of the insulation and the vapour resistance of the elements behind the wallboard. When there is hygroscopic insulation behind a non-hygroscopic and permeable wallboard (most wallboard materials have some hygroscopicity), the performance is only slightly worse than when there is a hygroscopic wallboard. These results are for the basic input parameters and the difference between different materials and solutions becomes more important when: the moisture production increases, the ventilation rate decreases, the active area decreases, the vapour resistance of the paint increases or during long term weather changes. With the basic parameters, the risk of mould growth is low, but the risk increases as the moisture production rate increases. The simulation results in this report demonstrate that thermal mass and solar shading are important for moderating indoor temperatures in northern and central European climates, but even a structure with a high thermal mass performs poorly in southern Europe when there is no heating or cooling. A room with a massive wooden floor and ceiling (200 mm) has a similar thermal performance as a room with a concrete floor and ceiling (200 mm). Also, moisture transfer can help cool the room when the outdoor temperature increases. The sensitivity of the ventilation rate is analysed and the results show that ventilation is very important for removing moisture, especially when an impermeable coating is applied. The increase in humidity during the night becomes greater as the ventilation rate decreases for all cases. With a permeable paint and a ventilation rate of 0.1 ach, the indoor air humidity increases on average by 7.4 g/h during the night, which is equivalent to the humidity increase when the ventilation rate is 0.9 ach and the paint is impermeable. Nevertheless, the amount of time that the indoor humidity exceed 60% RH during occupation, decreases as the ventilation rate decreases because the indoor temperature increases as the ventilation rate decreases. The thermal comfort and perceived indoor air quality at the end of occupation can be similar with 0.1 ach and a permeable paint as with 0.25 ach and an impermeable paint. As the moisture production increases, the fraction of the produced moisture that is stored in the wall increases very slightly. The moisture removed by the ventilation air, the moisture removed by the hygroscopic structure and moisture that remains in the indoor air are nearly linearly dependent on the rate of moisture production.

Published
2001

31. Thermal rectification in nonlinear quantum circuits

Author

Ruokola, T., Ojanen, T., Jauho, Antti-Pekka, Ruokola, T., Ojanen, T., and Jauho, Antti-Pekka

Abstract

We present a theoretical study of radiative heat transport in nonlinear solid-state quantum circuits. We give a detailed account of heat rectification effects, i.e., the asymmetry of heat current with respect to a reversal of the thermal gradient, in a system consisting of two reservoirs at finite temperatures coupled through a nonlinear resonator. We suggest an experimentally feasible superconducting circuit employing the Josephson nonlinearity to realize a controllable low-temperature heat rectifier with a maximal asymmetry of the order of 10%. We also discover a parameter regime where the rectification changes sign as a function of temperature.

Published
2009

32. Mesoscopic photon heat transistor

Author

Ojanen, T., Jauho, Antti-Pekka, Ojanen, T., and Jauho, Antti-Pekka

Abstract

We show that the heat transport between two bodies, mediated by electromagnetic fluctuations, can be controlled with an intermediate quantum circuit-leading to the device concept of a mesoscopic photon heat transistor (MPHT). Our theoretical analysis is based on a novel Meir-Wingreen-Landauer-type of conductance formula, which gives the photonic heat current through an arbitrary circuit element coupled to two dissipative reservoirs at finite temperatures. As an illustration we present an exact solution for the case when the intermediate circuit can be described as an electromagnetic resonator. We discuss in detail how the MPHT can be implemented experimentally in terms of a flux-controlled SQUID circuit.

Published
2008

34. MOISTURE CAPACITY OF LOG HOUSES CAN IMPROVE THE INDOOR CLIMATE CONDITIONS.

Author

Ojanen, T.

Subjects
*WOODEN-frame houses, *HUMIDITY, *THERMAL comfort, *INDOOR air quality, *VENTILATION, *AIR conditioning
Abstract

The hygroscopic capacity of timber can significantly improve the indoor conditions in log houses. Relative humidity of indoor air is, along with air and surface temperatures, a key factor for thermal comfort and also for perceived indoor air quality. The ability of timber to store moisture during indoor load periods and to release it back to the indoor air during unoccupied periods makes it possible to smooth down the indoor relative humidity variations by passive, structural means. This paper presents the numerical simulations carried out to study the effect of this moisture buffering effect in log houses compared to houses without available hygroscopic material. The numerical simulations were done using a room space model that integrates the structures, indoor air, and the ventilation, heating and cooling systems. The model solves the indoor temperature and humidity values using these dynamically changing heat and moisture flows. The analysis was done for Northern climate conditions (Helsinki, Finland) and the indoor loads corresponded to a case with two persons sleeping in one room. The ventilation was set constant (air change rate 0.65 1/h) and the room occupation and load conditions were repeated every night over the one-year simulation period. The results showed that when the room had four log walls, the moisture transfer between indoor air and walls was significantly higher than the moisture transport caused by ventilation. In the case with four log walls, the yearly average relative indoor humidity during occupation was 42 % RH and the maximum 69 % RH, while in the case with non-hygroscopic structures the average indoor humidity value was 51 % RH and the maximum 93 % RH. The maximum level for indoor comfort is typically 60 % RH. In a case with non-hygroscopic walls, the indoor humidity exceeded this limit value in about 20 % of the yearly occupation time, while in the log house it was about 10 % due to the moisture interaction of the walls. Also the lowest humidity levels during cold winter period were higher in the log house when compared to non-hygroscopic walls. Utilization of the moisture capacity of structures to smooth down the indoor humidity conditions offers an effective passive method to improve the indoor air conditions in an energy efficient and sustainable way. The effect can be easily applied in log houses that have high hygroscopic capacity. This paper presents the potentials and sensitivity analysis of this application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016

35. Moisture Buffer Value of Building Materials

Author

Rode, C., Peuhkuri, R., Hansen, K.K., Time, B., Svennberg, Kaisa, Arfvidsson, Jesper, Ojanen, T., Rode, C., Peuhkuri, R., Hansen, K.K., Time, B., Svennberg, Kaisa, Arfvidsson, Jesper, and Ojanen, T.

Abstract

Building materials and furnishing used in contact with indoor air may have a positive effect to moderate the variations of indoor humidity seen in occupied buildings. Thus, very low humidity can be alleviated in winter, as well as can high indoor humidity in summer and during high occupancy loads. This way, materials can be used as a passive means of establishing indoor climatic conditions, which are comfortable for human occupancy, or for safe storing of artefacts which are sensible to humidity variation. But so far there has been a lack of a standardized figure to characterize the moisture buffering ability of materials. It has been the objective of a recent (ongoing until mid-2005) Nordic project to come up with such a definition, and to declare it in the form of a NORDTEST method. Apart from the definition of the term Moisture Buffer Value, there will also be a declaration of a test protocol which expresses how materials should be tested. Finally as a part of the project, some Round Robin Tests will be carried out on various typical building materials. The paper gives an account on the definition of the Moisture Buffer Value, it will outline the content of the test protocol, and it will give some examples of results from the Round Robin Tests.

Published
2006

36. Prospective evaluation of Candida antigen and antibody assays for detection of Candida infections in children with malignant disease

Author

Ojanen T, Marja-Leena Katila, Perkkiö M, Matti Korppi, and Ormälä T

Subjects
Male, Antigens, Fungal, Adolescent, Sensitivity and Specificity, Feces, Immunocompromised Host, Antigen, Acute lymphocytic leukemia, Neoplasms, Candida albicans, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Child, Mycosis, Antibodies, Fungal, biology, business.industry, Candidiasis, Infant, General Medicine, Hemagglutination Tests, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Corpus albicans, Latex fixation test, Titer, Case-Control Studies, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Immunology, biology.protein, Female, Antibody, business, Latex Fixation Tests
Abstract

The clinical efficacy of assays for Candida albicans antigens by latex agglutination and for antibodies by indirect haemagglutination were prospectively evaluated in the diagnosis of invasive Candida infections in 38 children suffering from acute leukaemia or other malignant disease. The controls were 74 other patients without any malignancy; 72 of these had no signs or symptoms of fungal infections, but 2 had an invasive C. albicans infection. During a period of 21 months, 302 serum samples were tested by both assays, and the results were compared with clinical and other microbiological data. Invasive fungal infection was diagnosed on clinical grounds in 2 of the immunocompromised children, and periodic gut colonization was demonstrated in 11 of 36 (31 %) children in this group. Positive Candida antigen was detected in 14 patients (37%) and a positive antibody titre in 7 patients (18%). Colonization was not correlated with antigen or antibody titre. Compared with the presence of invasive fungal infection, the antibody assay detected all four infections, whereas the antigen assay detected one of the two C. albicans septicaemias. Although the Candida antibody assay performed well, a detectable change in antibody titres appeared only slowly. Thus it was of no clinical help when antifungal treatment was to be considered. Follow-up of antibody titres, however, gave confirmation of the presence of fungal infection as well as the response to antifungal treatment.

Published
1995

38. Deep, respiratory tract and ear infections caused byPseudallescheria(Scedosporium) andMicroascus(Scopulariopsis) in Finland. A 10-year retrospective multi-center study

Author

Issakainen, J., primary, Salonen, J. H., additional, Anttila, V-J., additional, Koukila-Kähkölä, P., additional, Castrén, M., additional, Liimatainen, O., additional, Vuento, R., additional, Ojanen, T., additional, Koivula, I., additional, Koskela, M., additional, and Meurman, O., additional

Published
2010
Full Text
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39. Deep, respiratory tract and ear infections caused by Pseudallescheria (Scedosporium) and Microascus (Scopulariopsis) in Finland. A 10-year retrospective multi-center study

Author

Issakainen, J., primary, Salonen, J. H., additional, Anttila, V-J., additional, Koukila-Kahkola, P., additional, Castren, M., additional, Liimatainen, O., additional, Vuento, R., additional, Ojanen, T., additional, Koivula, I., additional, Koskela, M., additional, and Meurman, O., additional

Published
2009
Full Text
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49. Deep, respiratory tract and ear infections caused by Pseudallescheria ( Scedosporium) and Microascus ( Scopulariopsis) in Finland. A 10-year retrospective multi-center study.

Author

Issakainen, J., Salonen, J. H., Anttila, V-J., Koukila-Kähköl, P., Castrén, M., Liimatainen, O., Vuento, R., Ojanen, T., Koivula, I., Koskela, M., and Meurman, O.

Abstract

Deep, respiratory tract and ear infections due to Microascaceae ( Pseudallescheria, Scedosporium, Microascus or Scopulariopsis) were studied nationwide in Finland during 1993–2002. The data were based on 52,000 fungal cultures that represented about 50% of all such specimens in Finland and included all Finnish cases of profound immunosuppression. There were 39 cases that were re-evaluated as clinically significant, i.e., three pneumonias, two deep pedal infections and five wound infections, 11 sinusitis and 18 ear infections. The pedal infections and most pneumonias occurred in immunocompromised patients. Most cases, except the ear infections, were due to Pseudallescheria boydii. Two patients had lethal P. boydii pneumonia and a deep P. boydii infection of the foot contributed to a third lethal case. Two of the patients with lethal outcomes had received an allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT). Two patients with haematological malignancies were cured of deep site infections by a prolonged course of itraconazole. Wound, sinus and ear infections were cured or improved by local surgery or topical therapy. There were 0.8–1.7 cases of any type of infection per million inhabitants per year (MY) and 3.4 cases/1000 AHSCT. Mortality associated with Microascaceae in any type of patient was 0.06–0.12 MY. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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