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From the time it was first published in 1998, Shipping and the Environment has been the leading text on international and US law and practice in this field. Written by renowned legal and insurance practitioners with over 100 years of combined specialist experience, including first-hand knowledge of many major incidents, it is not only a comprehensive reference work but an abundant source of introductory material and practical insights, all explained with a clarity appreciated by lawyers and non-lawyers alike in a broad international readership. While updating its core subjects of pollution from ships, wreck removal and dumping at sea, this enlarged text extends into other modern areas including pollution from offshore operations after Deepwater Horizon, plastics released into the sea, recycling of vessels, polar operations, and the fast-changing restrictions on carbon emissions from ships, as well as safety threats such as cyberattacks, terrorism and modern forms of piracy.With a highly readable introductory chapter amounting to a book within a book, this is a volume of great importance to all whose work or studies are concerned with marine environmental affairs, whether in government, international bodies, industry, technical organizations, the professions, environmental NGOs, the academic world or other walks of life.

Originally published in 1980, this book by a group of international lawyers and experts from the energy industries suggests ways in which the law may have to change to cope with developments in the oil and nuclear energy industries and the way they impact on marine pollution. Incorporating issues arising on an international and comparative basis, the book discusses the approaches made to marine pollution problems by the UK, EU and USA.

The containment of pollution by physical defenses is the first step in restoring the ocean to its natural state. The first two chapters of Oil Spill Studies: Healing the Ocean, Biomarking and the Law describes the feedback on seven experiments made on the East Atlantic Ocean. The first chapter concerns semi-open sites while the second focuses on open environment directly linked to the ocean. The third chapter examines pollution from a French harbor marina and its effects on the local biodiversity. The book provides a methodology to quantify biological contamination coming from heavy metal releases into the environment. Chapter four provides the state-of-the-art in the science of a mid-depth-living fish species affected by the treatment of oil pollution by chemical dispersion. In a similar way, the fifth chapter addresses new explored and exploited ocean with extreme environments such as the Arctic and deep sea. The sixth and final chapter provides a lawyer's analysis on the subject. - Talks about the healing of the ocean through the containment of the population by physical defenses - Describes the seven experiments conducted on the Atlantic Ocean - Provides a methodology to quantify biological contamination - Presents a species of fish affected by the treatment of oil pollution by chemical dispersion - Address the oceans explored and exploited with extreme environments such as the Arctic and the deep seabed

This book discusses in a concise manner the key aspects that are important for the understanding of regulations and managerial framework governing marine pollution. It identifies the practical context in which marine pollution comes into play and addresses the international legal regime governing the numerous sources of marine pollution, as well as the ways in which these regulations affect the conduct of day-to-day shipping operations.With illustrations, case studies, emphasis boxes, references to case law and to national jurisdictions and other tools facilitating understanding and knowledge, readers will find helpful guidance on: the sources of marine pollution (including ship-source pollution and pollution from the offshore oil and gas sector); the forms of cooperation needed in order to tackle the prevention, management and response to marine pollution; overview of MARPOL Convention, other key IMO conventions, and selected regional regimes; legal ramifications, including P & I Clubs and limitation of liability; involvement of the flag State, coastal State and port State; industry best practice; the human element Marine Pollution Control will be a useful guidance tool for shipping Industry professionals, (P & I) Clubs, Legal practitioners, maritime administrators, as well as academics and students of marine pollution.

Civil Liability and Financial Security for Offshore Oil and Gas Activities provides insights into the liability and compensation regime for offshore-related damage. The book analyses the legal regime in a variety of states (including the US and the UK) as well as the EU regime. In addition, the various compensation mechanisms and amounts available today to compensate offshore-related damage are described and critically analysed. Moreover, the book is based on in-depth interviews with a wide variety of relevant stakeholders including insurers, representatives from supervisory authorities, and oil and gas producers. This volume also provides a variety of policy recommendations, formulated to provide an optimal compensation regime for offshore-related damage.

The first edition of this book was quickly acclaimed as the new leading text worldwide on the law and practice of pollution from ships. The second edition deals with a variety of developments since then in this fast-moving subject: the Erika and the Prestige; changes in international law on maritime safety and compensation; latest decisions on claims for compensation; analysis of the SCOPIC regime; new material on ports of refuge, transboundary movements, and pollution from offshore craft; latest cases and regulatory changes in the US; and enlarged chapters on enforcement of laws and criminal sanctions. Like its predecessor, the second edition is superbly indexed and written clearly with the needs in mind of a wide international readership.

A sharp, informed and thoroughly practical guide to contemporary and developing issues relating to sea pollution, prepared by leading academics and practitioners with everyday hands-on experience. Pollution at Sea focuses on a number of the vital private law issues – compensation, insurance, contract and tort – thrown up by contemporary developments in the law of pollution. The book also intends to offer a critical analysis on emerging public law concepts, such as the legal position of seafarers from the perspective of criminal law in cases of pollution and the impact of port state control as a pollution control mechanism. Pollution at Sea is divided into three parts:1. Private Law Liability Regimes2. Rights and Liabilities of Particular Parties3. The Impact of Public Law on the Actors ConcernedIn part 1; various liability regimes are dissected, including those which have been under the spotlight in recent years. This section has particular international appeal, and many of the regimes discussed are based at least in part on international conventions, agreements or practices. In part 2; the impact of pollution at sea on third parties is considered, with respect to the legal position of parties that might be perused either by the victims of pollution incidents or in some cases by the parties liable by way of a recourse action. Finally in part 3; recent relevant developments, particularly in the realm of public law are covered.

This book deals with the liability conventions brought into existence by the International Maritime Organization and concentrates on the newly adopted instrument dealing with bunker oil pollution as an area of great concern for every stakeholder involved in shipping business. The work covers a wide spectrum ranging from the Convention itself to its scope of application, liable and aggrieved parties, jurisdiction, requirements of liability and admissibility of claims, defences and exoneration from liability. It addresses many areas of interest and of importance to international and national legal advisors, lawyers, law students and anyone interested in the relevant field such as shipowners, charterers, shipbrokers, ship personnel and associated contractors and sub-contractors.

Das Werk stellt einen Beitrag zur aktuellen Diskussion um die Änderung des internationalen Haftungs- und Entschädigungssystems für Schäden nach Tankerunfällen auf See dar. Das seit 1969 bestehende und im wesentlichen nur 1992 in einigen Bereichen überarbeitete System ist nach den medienwirksamen Unfällen der'Erika'im Jahr 1999 und der'Prestige'im Jahr 2002 zunehmend in die Kritik geraten. Der Autor analysiert das internationale Haftungs- und Entschädigungssystem sowie die dazu vorhandene Rechtsprechung und setzt sich hiermit kritisch auseinander. Anschließend wird rechtsvergleichend das alternative Modell des US-Oil Pollution Acts von 1990 und die aktuelle Diskussion auf europäischer und internationaler Ebene betrachtet. Nach ausführlichen Überlegungen zur Verbesserung des Systems, mündet die Untersuchung in konkreten Änderungsvorschlägen, die insbesondere die Erweiterung des Kreises der haftenden Personen, eine signifikante Erhöhung der Haftungs- und Entschädigungssummen und die Ausweitung des Ersatzes für Umweltschäden fordern.

Oil tankers are not the only vessels that have caused oil pollution at sea. Numerous spills in the past have been of heavy fuel oil from non-tankers. However, the international liability and compensation regime covered only oil pollution damage caused by oil tankers. There was thus a need to bring the law on marine oil pollution responsive to oil pollution damage caused by non-tankers. In March 2001, the International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage was adopted following a diplomatic conference at the International Maritime Organization. Though this convention has not yet come into force, its various aspects should already be considered as they will surely affect the maritime industry as a whole and the non-tanker sector, in particular. This book provides a timely and comprehensive study on the concept of compulsory insurance, its main purpose of ensuring compensation and its interrelations with other features such as the rule of strict liability and the limitation of liability under the convention.

This book is about the contemporary problem of places of refuge for ships in need of assistance. There is an uncodified humanitarian custom providing a right to a ship in distress to assistance and protection by coastal authorities, including access to a place of refuge when necessary. With modern ships carrying large volumes of hazardous cargo and fuel, a disabled ship can pose a significant threat to the marine environment and interests of an affected coastal state. After being refused refuge, the ‘Erika'and ‘Prestige'became casualties causing severe environmental damage. Today, while the humanitarian right to assistance remains, the threat to the marine environment and the coastal state has to be considered in the granting of refuge.Written by scholars and practitioners, the book consists of 20 multidisciplinary chapters addressing the law, policy and management aspects of the problem. Specific chapters focus on the experiences and approaches of Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Germany, United Kingdom and United States.

Durch die Havarien der Tankschiffe »Erika« (1999) und »Prestige« (2002) ist die Notwendigkeit des Schutzes der Meere und der Küsten vor Verschmutzung durch Ölsubstanzen auch einer breiteren Öffentlichkeit bewusst geworden. Die Autorinnen und Autoren des vorliegenden Bandes versuchen, das rechtliche Instrumentarium darzustellen, das in internationaler Zusammenarbeit geschaffen worden ist, um solchen Gefahren vorzubeugen. Das Völkerrecht ist seit dem Untergang des Tankers »Torrey Canyon« vor der englischen Südküste im Jahre 1967 kraftvoll fortentwickelt worden. Die Internationale Seeschifffahrts-Organisation wie auch die Europäische Gemeinschaft haben zunehmend Standards entwickelt, die einen weitgehenden Schutz bieten. Die Palette reicht von der Festlegung von Routen über die Ausbildung der Seeleute bis hin zu genauen Bauvorschriften, unter denen das Erfordernis doppelwandiger Tankhüllen hervorragt. Trotz aller präventiven Vorkehrungen sind, wie die Praxis gezeigt hat, Unfälle doch nicht ausgeschlossen. Ein dicht gefügtes Netz von Haftungsvorschriften dient dazu, den Geschädigten dann zumindest Ersatz zukommen zu lassen. Leider werden viele der Regelungen durch die Registrierung von Tankern in sog. »Billigflaggenstaaten« unterlaufen.

A detailed case study of how international environmental treaties can be made more effective. Combining theoretical analysis with a rigorous empirical evaluation of changes in the compliance process over time, the book identifies policies that have increased compliance by governments and the oil transportation industry with discharge restrictions, equipment requirements, enforcement, and reporting.How do environmental treaties influence international behavior? Deliberate discharges from oil tankers have traditionally been the biggest source of oil pollution from ships, greater than much-publicized accidental spills. Although an international treaty governs how tankers must dispose of oil, compliance has been a problem. Intentional Oil Pollution at Sea is a detailed case study of how international environmental treaties can be made more effective. Combining theoretical analysis with a rigorous empirical evaluation of changes in the compliance process over time, it identifies policies that have increased compliance by governments and the oil transportation industry with discharge restrictions, equipment requirements, enforcement, and reporting.Ronald Mitchell introduces the debate over environmental treaty compliance, compliance theory, and a history of intentional oil pollution. He then uses a wealth of data to study efforts to change government and industry behavior in reporting on treaty performance, enforcing rules, and complying with equipment and discharge standards. He closes with theoretical conclusions drawn from the empirical analysis regarding the sources of effective treaty compliance as well as prescriptions for policymakers about how to negotiate more effective future environmental agreements.Global Environmental Accords series