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3. [11C]carfentanil PET imaging for studying the peripheral opioid system in vivo: effect of photoperiod on mu-opioid receptor availability in brown adipose tissue

Author

Sun, Lihua, Aarnio, Richard, Herre, Erika Atencio, Kärnä, Salli, Palani, Senthil, Virtanen, Helena, Liljenbäck, Heidi, Virta, Jenni, Honkaniemi, Aake, Oikonen, Vesa, Han, Chunlei, Laurila, Sanna, Bucci, Marco, Helin, Semi, Yatkin, Emrah, Nummenmaa, Lauri, Nuutila, Pirjo, Tang, Jing, and Roivainen, Anne

Published
2023
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5. P2X7-receptor binding in new-onset and secondary progressive MS – a [11C]SMW139 PET study

Author

Lehto, Jussi, primary, Aarnio, Richard, additional, Tuisku, Jouni, additional, Sucksdorff, Marcus, additional, Koivumäki, Esa Mikko, additional, Nylund, Marjo, additional, Helin, Semi, additional, Rajander, Johan, additional, Danon, Jonathan, additional, Gilchrist, Jayson, additional, Kassiou, Michael, additional, Oikonen, Vesa, additional, and Airas, Laura, additional

Published
2024
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12. Lower abdominal adipose tissue cannabinoid type 1 receptor availability in young men with overweight

Author

Pekkarinen, Laura, primary, Kantonen, Tatu, additional, Oikonen, Vesa, additional, Haaparanta‐Solin, Merja, additional, Aarnio, Richard, additional, Dickens, Alex M., additional, von Eyken, Annie, additional, Latva‐Rasku, Aino, additional, Dadson, Prince, additional, Kirjavainen, Anna K., additional, Rajander, Johan, additional, Kalliokoski, Kari, additional, Rönnemaa, Tapani, additional, Nummenmaa, Lauri, additional, and Nuutila, Pirjo, additional

Published
2023
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14. Preclinical Evaluation of 89Zr-Desferrioxamine-Bexmarilimab, a Humanized Antibody Against Common Lymphatic Endothelial and Vascular Endothelial Receptor-1, in a Rabbit Model of Renal Fibrosis

Author

Moisio, Olli, Virta, Jenni, Yatkin, Emrah, Liljenbäck, Heidi, Palani, Senthil, Viitanen, Riikka, Miner, Maxwell W. G., Oikonen, Vesa, Tolvanen, Tuula, Vugts, Danielle J., Taimen, Pekka, Li, Xiang-Guo, Hollmén, Maija, Jalkanen, Sirpa, Roivainen, Anne, Radiology and nuclear medicine, AII - Cancer immunology, AII - Inflammatory diseases, CCA - Cancer biology and immunology, and CCA - Imaging and biomarkers

Abstract

Bexmarilimab is a new humanized monoclonal antibody against common lymphatic endothelial and vascular endothelial receptor-1 (CLEVER-1) and is in clinical trials for macrophage-guided cancer immunotherapy. In addition being associated with cancer, CLEVER-1 is also associated with fibrosis. To facilitate prospective human PET studies, we preclinically evaluated 89Zr-labeled bexmarilimab in rabbits. Methods: Bexmarilimab was conjugated with desferrioxamine (DFO) and radiolabeled with 89Zr. Retained immunoreactivity was confirmed by flow cytometry. The distribution kinetics of intravenously administered 89Zr-DFO-bexmarilimab (0.1 mg/kg) were determined for up to 7 d in a rabbit model of renal fibrosis mediated by unilateral ureteric obstruction. The in vivo stability of 89Zr-DFO-bexmarilimab was evaluated by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in combination with autoradiography. Additionally, we estimated the human radiation dose from data obtained in healthy rabbits. Results: 89Zr-DFO-bexmarilimab cleared rapidly from the blood circulation and distributed to the liver and spleen. At 24 h after injection, PET/CT, ex vivo g-counting, and autoradiography demonstrated that there was significantly higher 89Zr-DFO-bexmarilimab uptake in unilateral ureteric obstruction–operated fibrotic renal cortex, characterized by abundant CLEVER-1–positive cells, than in contralateral or healthy kidneys. The estimated effective dose for a 70-kg human was 0.70 mSv/MBq. Conclusion: The characteristics of 89Zr-DFO-bexmarili-mab support future human PET studies to, for example, stratify patients for bexmarilimab treatment, evaluate the efficacy of treatment, or monitor disease progression.

Published
2023

16. Quantitative Perfusion Imaging with Total-Body PET.

Author

Knuuti, Juhani, Tuisku, Jouni, Kärpijoki, Henri, Iida, Hidehiro, Maaniitty, Teemu, Latva-Rasku, Aino, Oikonen, Vesa, Nesterov, Sergey V., Teuho, Jarmo, Jaakkola, Maria K., Klén, Riku, Louhi, Heli, Saunavaara, Virva, Nuutila, Pirjo, Saraste, Antti, Rinne, Juha, and Nummenmaa, Lauri

Published
2023
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20. Preclinical Evaluation of89Zr-Desferrioxamine-Bexmarilimab, a Humanized Antibody Against Common Lymphatic Endothelial and Vascular Endothelial Receptor-1, in a Rabbit Model of Renal Fibrosis

Author

Moisio, Olli, primary, Virta, Jenni, additional, Yatkin, Emrah, additional, Liljenbäck, Heidi, additional, Palani, Senthil, additional, Viitanen, Riikka, additional, Miner, Maxwell W.G., additional, Oikonen, Vesa, additional, Tolvanen, Tuula, additional, Vugts, Danielle J., additional, Taimen, Pekka, additional, Li, Xiang-Guo, additional, Hollmén, Maija, additional, Jalkanen, Sirpa, additional, and Roivainen, Anne, additional

Published
2022
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21. [11C]carfentanil PET imaging for studying the peripheral opioid system in vivo: effect of photoperiod on mu-opioid receptor availability in brown adipose tissue

Author

Sun, Lihua, primary, Aarnio, Richard, additional, Herre, Erika Atencio, additional, Kärnä, Salli, additional, Palani, Senthil, additional, Virtanen, Helena, additional, Liljenbäck, Heidi, additional, Virta, Jenni, additional, Honkaniemi, Aake, additional, Oikonen, Vesa, additional, Han, Chunlei, additional, Laurila, Sanna, additional, Bucci, Marco, additional, Helin, Semi, additional, Yatkin, Emrah, additional, Nummenmaa, Lauri, additional, Nuutila, Pirjo, additional, Tang, Jing, additional, and Roivainen, Anne, additional

Published
2022
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22. Quantification of the purinergic P2X7 receptor with [11C]SMW139 improves through correction for brain-penetrating radiometabolites

Author

Brumberg, Joachim, primary, Aarnio, Richard, additional, Forsberg, Anton, additional, Marjamäki, Päivi, additional, Kerstens, Vera, additional, Moein, Mohammad M, additional, Nag, Sangram, additional, Wahlroos, Saara, additional, Kassiou, Michael, additional, Windhorst, Albert D, additional, Halldin, Christer, additional, Haaparanta-Solin, Merja, additional, Fazio, Patrik, additional, Oikonen, Vesa, additional, Rinne, Juha O, additional, and Varrone, Andrea, additional

Published
2022
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27. Preclinical Evaluation of 89Zr-Desferrioxamine-Bexmarilimab, a Humanized Antibody Against Common Lymphatic Endothelial and Vascular Endothelial Receptor-1, in a Rabbit Model of Renal Fibrosis.

Author

Moisio, Olli, Virta, Jenni, Yatkin, Emrah, Liljenbäck, Heidi, Palani, Senthil, Viitanen, Riikka, Miner, Maxwell W. G., Oikonen, Vesa, Tolvanen, Tuula, Vugts, Danielle J., Taimen, Pekka, Xiang-Guo Li, Hollmén, Maija, Jalkanen, Sirpa, and Roivainen, Anne

Published
2023
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28. [18F]Fluoride uptake in various bone types and soft tissues in rat.

Author

Savisto, Nina, Grönroos, Tove J., Oikonen, Vesa, Rajander, Johan, Löyttyniemi, Eliisa, Bergman, Jörgen, Forsback, Sarita, Solin, Olof, and Haaparanta-Solin, Merja

Subjects
SPRAGUE Dawley rats, ILIUM, LUMBAR vertebrae, LUNGS, COMPACT bone, CANCELLOUS bone, COMPUTED tomography
Abstract

Background: In the development of new 18F-labelled tracers, it is important to assess the amount of released [18F]fluoride taken up in the bones of experimental animals because all 18F-labelled PET-tracers are prone, to lesser or higher degree, to undergo defluorination, with subsequent release of [18F]fluoride during scanning. However, the pharmacokinetics of [18F]fluoride in bones and other organs of healthy rats have not been well documented in a comprehensive manner. We aimed to study pharmacokinetics of [18F]NaF in rats in order to increase our understanding of the biodistribution of [18F]fluoride originating from defluorination of 18F-labelled tracers. We studied [18F]fluoride uptake in Sprague Dawley rat bones, including the epiphyseal parts of the tibia and radius, the mandible, ilium, lumbar vertebrae, costochondral joints, tibia, radius, and ribs, with 60-min in vivo PET/CT imaging. Kinetic parameters, K1, Ki, Ki/K1, and k3 were calculated with a three-compartment model. In addition, separate groups of male and female rats were studied with ex vivo bone and soft tissue harvesting and gamma counting over a 6-h period. Results: [18F]fluoride perfusion and uptake varied among the different bones. [18F]fluoride uptake was higher in trabecular bones, due to high perfusion and osteoblastic activity, compared to cortical bones. In soft tissues, the organ-to-blood uptake ratios increased over time in the eyes, lungs, brain, testes, and ovaries during the 6 h study period. Conclusion: Understanding the pharmacokinetics of [18F]fluoride in various bones and soft tissues is highly useful for assessing 18F-labelled radiotracers that release [18F]fluoride. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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29. Positron emission tomography imaging of the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) with [18F]FEMPA in Alzheimer’s disease patients and control subjects

Author

Varrone, Andrea, Oikonen, Vesa, Forsberg, Anton, Joutsa, Juho, Takano, Akihiro, Solin, Olof, Haaparanta-Solin, Merja, Nag, Sangram, Nakao, Ryuji, Al-Tawil, Nabil, Wells, Lisa A., Rabiner, Eugenii A., Valencia, Ray, Schultze-Mosgau, Marcus, Thiele, Andrea, Vollmer, Sonja, Dyrks, Thomas, Lehmann, Lutz, Heinrich, Tobias, Hoffmann, Anja, Nordberg, Agneta, Halldin, Christer, and Rinne, Juha O.

Published
2015
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31. Photoperiod modulates mu-opioid receptor availability in brown adipose tissue

Author

Sun, Lihua, primary, Aarnio, Richard, additional, Herre, Erika Atencio, additional, Karna, Salli, additional, Palani, Senthil, additional, Virtanen, Helena, additional, Liljenback, Heidi, additional, Virta, Jenni, additional, Honkaniemi, Aake, additional, Oikonen, Vesa, additional, Han, Chunlei, additional, Laurila, Sanna, additional, Bucci, Marco, additional, Helin, Semi, additional, Yatkin, Emrah, additional, Nummenmaa, Lauri, additional, Nuutila, Pirjo, additional, Tang, Jing, additional, and Roivainen, Anne, additional

Published
2022
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34. sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X221126830 - Supplemental material for Quantification of the purinergic P2X7 receptor with [11C]SMW139 improves through correction for brain-penetrating radiometabolites

Author

Brumberg, Joachim, Aarnio, Richard, Forsberg, Anton, Marjamäki, Päivi, Kerstens, Vera, Moein, Mohammad M, Nag, Sangram, Wahlroos, Saara, Kassiou, Michael, Windhorst, Albert D, Halldin, Christer, Haaparanta-Solin, Merja, Fazio, Patrik, Oikonen, Vesa, Rinne, Juha O, and Varrone, Andrea

Subjects
110320 Radiology and Organ Imaging, FOS: Clinical medicine, FOS: Biological sciences, Medicine, Cell Biology, 110305 Emergency Medicine, 110306 Endocrinology, Biochemistry, 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified, 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Neuroscience
Abstract

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X221126830 for Quantification of the purinergic P2X7 receptor with [11C]SMW139 improves through correction for brain-penetrating radiometabolites by Joachim Brumberg, Richard Aarnio, Anton Forsberg, Päivi Marjamäki, Vera Kerstens, Mohammad M Moein, Sangram Nag, Saara Wahlroos, Michael Kassiou, Albert D Windhorst, Christer Halldin, Merja Haaparanta-Solin, Patrik Fazio, Vesa Oikonen, Juha O Rinne and Andrea Varrone in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism

Published
2022
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35. ASIC-E4: Interplay of Beta-Amyloid, Synaptic Density and Neuroinflammation in Cognitively Normal Volunteers With Three Levels of Genetic Risk for Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease – Study Protocol and Baseline Characteristics

Author

Snellman, Anniina, primary, Ekblad, Laura L., additional, Koivumäki, Mikko, additional, Lindgrén, Noora, additional, Tuisku, Jouni, additional, Perälä, Merja, additional, Kallio, Lila, additional, Lehtonen, Riina, additional, Saunavaara, Virva, additional, Saunavaara, Jani, additional, Oikonen, Vesa, additional, Aarnio, Richard, additional, Löyttyniemi, Eliisa, additional, Parkkola, Riitta, additional, Karrasch, Mira, additional, Zetterberg, Henrik, additional, Blennow, Kaj, additional, and Rinne, Juha O., additional

Published
2022
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36. Uptake of 18F-rhPSMA-7.3 in Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Prostate Cancer: A Phase 1 Proof-of-Concept Study

Author

Malaspina, Simona, primary, Taimen, Pekka, additional, Kallajoki, Markku, additional, Oikonen, Vesa, additional, Kuisma, Anna, additional, Ettala, Otto, additional, Mattila, Kalle, additional, Boström, Peter J., additional, Minn, Heikki, additional, Kalliokoski, Kari, additional, Postema, Ernst J., additional, Miller, Matthew P., additional, and Scheinin, Mika, additional

Published
2021
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38. 11C-ORM-13070, a novel PET ligand for brain α2C-adrenoceptors: radiometabolism, plasma pharmacokinetics, whole-body distribution and radiation dosimetry in healthy men

Author

Luoto, Pauliina, Suilamo, Sami, Oikonen, Vesa, Arponen, Eveliina, Helin, Semi, Herttuainen, Jukka, Hietamäki, Johanna, Holopainen, Aila, Kailajärvi, Marita, Peltonen, Juha M., Rouru, Juha, Sallinen, Jukka, Scheinin, Mika, Virta, Jere, Virtanen, Kirsi, Volanen, Iina, Roivainen, Anne, and Rinne, Juha O.

Published
2014
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40. Quantification of the purinergic P2X7 receptor with [ 11 C]SMW139 improves through correction for brain-penetrating radiometabolites.

Author

Brumberg, Joachim, Aarnio, Richard, Forsberg, Anton, Marjamäki, Päivi, Kerstens, Vera, Moein, Mohammad M, Nag, Sangram, Wahlroos, Saara, Kassiou, Michael, Windhorst, Albert D, Halldin, Christer, Haaparanta-Solin, Merja, Fazio, Patrik, Oikonen, Vesa, Rinne, Juha O, and Varrone, Andrea

Abstract

The membrane-based purinergic 7 receptor (P2X7R) is expressed on activated microglia and the target of the radioligand [11C]SMW139 for in vivo assessment of neuroinflammation. This study investigated the contribution of radiolabelled metabolites which potentially affect its quantification. Ex vivo high-performance liquid chromatography with a radio detector (radioHPLC) was used to evaluate the parent and radiometabolite fractions of [11C]SMW139 in the brain and plasma of eleven mice. Twelve healthy humans underwent 90-min [11C]SMW139 brain PET with arterial blood sampling and radiometabolite analysis. The volume of distribution was estimated by using one- and two- tissue compartment (TCM) modeling with single (V T) and dual (V Tp) input functions. RadioHPLC showed three major groups of radiometabolite peaks with increasing concentrations in the plasma of all mice and humans. Two radiometabolite peaks were also visible in mice brain homogenates and therefore considered for dual input modeling in humans. 2TCM with single input function provided V T estimates with a wide range (0.10–10.74) and high coefficient of variation (COV: 159.9%), whereas dual input function model showed a narrow range of V Tp estimates (0.04–0.24; COV: 33.3%). In conclusion, compartment modeling with correction for brain-penetrant radiometabolites improves the in vivo quantification of [11C]SMW139 binding to P2X7R in the human brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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41. [11C]carfentanil PET imaging for studying the peripheral opioid system in vivo: effect of photoperiod on mu-opioid receptor availability in brown adipose tissue.

Author

Sun, Lihua, Aarnio, Richard, Herre, Erika Atencio, Kärnä, Salli, Palani, Senthil, Virtanen, Helena, Liljenbäck, Heidi, Virta, Jenni, Honkaniemi, Aake, Oikonen, Vesa, Han, Chunlei, Laurila, Sanna, Bucci, Marco, Helin, Semi, Yatkin, Emrah, Nummenmaa, Lauri, Nuutila, Pirjo, Tang, Jing, and Roivainen, Anne

Subjects
POSITRON emission tomography, ADIPOSE tissues, BODY temperature regulation, IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE, BODY mass index
Abstract

Purpose: Photoperiod determines the metabolic activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and affects the food intake and body mass of mammals. Sympathetic innervation of the BAT controls thermogenesis and facilitates physiological adaption to seasonal changes, but the exact mechanism remains elusive. Previous studies have shown that central opioid signaling regulates BAT thermogenesis, and that the expression of the brain mu-opioid receptor (MOR) varies seasonally. Therefore, it is important to know whether MOR expression in BAT shows seasonal variation. Methods: We determined the effect of photoperiod on BAT MOR availability using [11C]carfentanil positron emission tomography (PET). Adult rats (n = 9) were repeatedly imaged under various photoperiods in order to simulate seasonal changes. Results: Long photoperiod was associated with low MOR expression in BAT (β = − 0.04, 95% confidence interval: − 0.07, − 0.01), but not in muscles. We confirmed the expression of MOR in BAT and muscle using immunofluorescence staining. Conclusion: Photoperiod affects MOR availability in BAT. Sympathetic innervation of BAT may influence thermogenesis via the peripheral MOR system. The present study supports the utility of [11C]carfentanil PET to study the peripheral MOR system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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48. Evaluation of [11C]ORM-13070 as a PET tracer for α2C-adrenoceptors in the human brain

Author

Scheinin, Mika, primary, Hirvonen, Mika M, additional, Johansson, Jarkko, additional, Kemppainen, Jukka, additional, Lehto, Jussi, additional, Lovro, Zsofia, additional, Luoto, Pauliina, additional, Oikonen, Vesa, additional, Naukkarinen, Tarja, additional, Rouru, Juha, additional, Sallinen, Jukka, additional, Scheinin, Harry, additional, Vuorilehto, Lauri, additional, Finnema, Sjoerd J, additional, Halldin, Christer, additional, and Rinne, Juha O, additional

Published
2014
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49. Comparison of: (2S,4R)-4-[¹⁸F]Fluoroglutamine, [¹¹C]Methionine, and 2-Deoxy-2-[¹⁸F]Fluoro-D-Glucose and Two Small-Animal PET/CT Systems Imaging Rat Gliomas

Author

Miner, Maxwell W. G., Liljenbäck, Heidi, Virta, Jenni, Helin, Semi, Eskola, Olli, Elo, Petri, Teuho, Jarmo, Seppälä, Kerttu, Oikonen, Vesa, Yang, Guangli, Kindler-Röhrborn, Andrea, Minn, Heikki, Li, Xiang-Guo, and Roivainen, Anne

Subjects
Medizin
Abstract

Purpose: The three positron emission tomography (PET) imaging compounds: (2S,4R)-4-[¹⁸F]Fluoroglutamine ([¹⁸F]FGln), L-[methyl-¹¹C]Methionine ([¹¹C]Met), and 2-deoxy-2-[¹⁸F]fluoro-D-glucose ([¹⁸F]FDG) were investigated to contrast their ability to image orthotopic BT4C gliomas in BDIX rats. Two separate small animal imaging systems were compared for their tumor detection potential. Dynamic acquisition of [¹⁸F]FGln was evaluated with multiple pharmacokinetic models for future quantitative comparison. Procedures: Up to four imaging studies were performed on each orthotopically grafted BT4C glioma-bearing BDIX rat subject (n = 16) on four consecutive days. First, a DOTAREM® contrast enhanced MRI followed by attenuation correction CT and dynamic PET imaging with each radiopharmaceutical (20 min [¹¹C]Met, 60 min [¹⁸F]FDG, and 60 min [¹⁸F]FGln with either the Molecubes PET/CT (n = 5) or Inveon PET/CT cameras (n = 11). Ex vivo brain autoradiography was completed for each radiopharmaceutical and [¹⁸F]FGln pharmacokinetics were studied by injecting 40 MBq into healthy BDIX rats (n = 10) and collecting blood samples between 5 and 60 min. Erythrocyte uptake, plasma protein binding and plasma parent-fraction were combined to estimate the total blood bioavailability of [¹⁸F]FGln over time. The corrected PET-image blood data was then applied to multiple pharmacokinetic models. Results: Average BT4C tumor-to-healthy brain tissue uptake ratios (TBR) for PET images reached maxima of: [¹⁸F]FGln TBR: 1.99 ± 0.19 (n = 13), [¹⁸F]FDG TBR: 1.41 ± 0.11 (n = 6), and [¹¹C]Met TBR: 1.08 ± 0.08, (n = 12) for the dynamic PET images. Pharmacokinetic modeling in dynamic [¹⁸F]FGln studies suggested both reversible and irreversible uptake play a similar role. Imaging with Inveon and Molecubes yielded similar end-result ratios with insignificant differences (p > 0.25). Conclusions: In orthotopic BT4C gliomas, [¹⁸F]FGln may offer improved imaging versus [¹¹C]Met and [¹⁸F]FDG. No significant difference in normalized end-result data was found between the Inveon and Molecubes camera systems. Kinetic modelling of [¹⁸F]FGln uptake suggests that both reversible and irreversible uptake play an important role in BDIX rat pharmacokinetics. CA extern

Published
2021

50. Insulin resistance is associated with enhanced brain glucose uptake during euglycemic hyperinsulinemia : A large-scale PET cohort

Author

Rebelos, Eleni, Bucci, Marco, Karjalainen, Tomi, Oikonen, Vesa, Bertoldo, Alessandra, Hannukainen, Jarna C., Virtanen, Kirsi A., Latva-Rasku, Aino, Hirvonen, Jussi, Heinonen, Ilkka, Parkkola, Riitta, Laakso, Markku, Ferrannini, Ele, Iozzo, Patricia, Nummenmaa, Lauri, Nuutila, Pirjo, Rebelos, Eleni, Bucci, Marco, Karjalainen, Tomi, Oikonen, Vesa, Bertoldo, Alessandra, Hannukainen, Jarna C., Virtanen, Kirsi A., Latva-Rasku, Aino, Hirvonen, Jussi, Heinonen, Ilkka, Parkkola, Riitta, Laakso, Markku, Ferrannini, Ele, Iozzo, Patricia, Nummenmaa, Lauri, and Nuutila, Pirjo

Abstract

OBJECTIVE Whereas insulin resistance is expressed as reduced glucose uptake in peripheral tissues, the relationship between insulin resistance and brain glucose metabolism remains controversial. Our aim was to examine the association of insulin resistance and brain glucose uptake (BGU) during a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp in a large sample of study participants across a wide range of age and insulin sensitivity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) data from 194 participants scanned under clamp conditions were compiled from a single-center cohort. BGU was quantified by the fractional uptake rate. We examined the association of age, sex,Mvalue from the clamp, steady-state insulin and free fatty acid levels, C-reactive protein levels, HbA1c, and presence of type 2 diabetes with BGU using Bayesian hierarchical modeling. RESULTS Insulin sensitivity, indexed by theMvalue, was associated negatively with BGU in all brain regions, confirming that in insulin-resistant participants BGU was enhanced during euglycemic hyperinsulinemia. In addition, the presence of type 2 diabetes was associated with additional increase in BGU. On the contrary, age was negatively related to BGU. Steady-state insulin levels, C-reactive protein and free fatty acid levels, sex, and HbA1c were not associated with BGU. CONCLUSIONS In this large cohort of participants of either sex across a wide range of age and insulin sensitivity, insulin sensitivity was the best predictor of BGU. © 2021 by the American Diabetes Association., The study was conducted within the Center of Excellence in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, supported by the Academy of Finland, the University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, angstrom bo Akademi University, Finnish Diabetes Foundation, Sigrid Juselius Foundation, and Finnish Cultural Foundation.

Published
2021
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