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Background: Bell's palsy is a frequent cranial neuropathy that results in idiopathic, unilateral, or bilateral facial nerve paralysis and acute, lower motor neuron–only facial paralysis on one side of the face. A significant factor in ensuring continuity of care is tele-nursing. Aim: To determine the effect of tele-nursing instructions on mothers' knowledge and practices regarding their children with Bell's Palsy during covid -19 lockdown. Design: A quasi-experimental research design was used to conduct this study. Setting: The study was conducted at the physical therapy department of Sohag University Hospital. Subject: A convenience sample of all 100 Bell's palsy-affected mothers and their available children. Tools: Two tools were used for data collection, Tool1: A structured interview questionnaire: Included three parts; characteristics of mothers, characteristics of their children, mothers’ knowledge about Bell's palsy (pre, post, and follow-up) phases of tele-nursing instructions implementation. Tool 2: An observational checklist (pre/post and follow-up tests) to evaluate mothers' practices concerning their children with Bell's palsy. Results: Mothers' practices and knowledge before, immediately after, and during the follow-up phases of the application of tele-nursing instructions showed highly statistically significant differences (P

Central venous line (CVL) is a necessary device used frequently in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) for critically ill neonates who need continuous monitoring and resuscitation treatment. Significant evidence has accumulated indicating that CVL nursing care bundle is considered as an essential component of CVL infection prevention practice to combat the incidence of CVL infection. Aim: This study aimed to examine the effect of applying nursing care bundle on controlling central venous line infection in neonatal intensive care units. Subject and method: A quasi-experimental design was used. The study was conducted at NICU at Kafr El Sheikh General Hospital. The study included a convenience sample of all available bedside/ working nurses (n= 30), 79 preterm infant (recruited for 3 months’ period). Tools: Three tools were used to collect data. Tool 1: An interview questionnaire for nurse's knowledge. Tool 2: Observational checklist used to assess nurses’ performance regarding CVL care bundle. Tool 3: Laboratory investigations tool for preterm infants. Results: More than half of studied nurses (56.7%) didn't receive any training program about CVL care bundle for controlling CVL infection in NICU and the majority of the studied nurses had insufficient knowledge, as well as the majority of the studied nurses, had an unsatisfactory practice regarding CVL care bundle preprogram. The sufficient knowledge level and satisfactory practices had improved immediately post and 3 months post program implementation. About half (51,9%) had negative CRP post-program implementation, while (54,4%) of neonates had negative blood culture post-program. Conclusion: The program had a positive effect on the NICU nurses’ knowledge & practices immediately post& post 3 months of the program implementation. Recommendation: Including CVL nursing care bundle practices into nurses’ routine care and developing regular and continuous educational programs for the nurses in NICU according to their needs aiming to upgrading their knowledge and improving their practice for critically ill neonates.

Introduction: Nocturnal enuresis is a common distressing disorder that carries a significant burden. This disorder has psychological, social and financial implications for the families and their children. Aim: This study aimed to assess the effect of applying health education learning package (HELP) on mothers having children with nocturnal enuresis. Method: A quasi-experimental research design with repeated measures was utilized. A convenient sample of (88) mothers and their children (88) was recruited from the urinary incontinence out-patient clinic that affiliated to Mansoura University Children's Hospital (MUCH), Egypt. Seven structured tools were used for data collection. Results: There were statistically significant differences in mothers’ knowledge, practices and attitude post-application of the HELP regarding nocturnal enuresis compared to pre-application (P=0.000). Additionally, the frequency of bedwetting and urination problems as polyurea and urinary tract infection among the affected children were decreased. Conclusion: Applying of health education learning package regarding nocturnal enuresis showed a significant improvement in mothers' knowledge, practices and attitude. As well, the associated clinical manifestations among the affected children were decreased post-application of the HELP. Overall, the studied mother found the HELP is useful and effective in solving problems of the mothers and children related to nocturnal enuresis.

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the relation between primipara coping pattern and their knowledge during the two and four weeks postnatal. Methods: Study design: The descriptive study design was utilized in this study. Study setting: The study was conducted in Kafer-Elsheekh General Hospital at postnatal unit and at home during the period from January 2015 to June 2015. Subjects of the study: A convenient sampling of120 primipara mothers. Tool:Two tools were used for data collection : A structured interview questionnaire to assess general characteristics of women, questions to assess the primipara knowledge about the postpartum,and coping scale to assess positive and negative coping at the two and four weeks postpartum. Results: The present study findings revealed that there was a significant difference between total scores of knowledge &positive and negative coping at two weeks also there was a statistical significantly difference of knowledge and negative coping at four weeks postpartum. The total mean of positive coping during postpartum at fourth week is significantly higher than at the second week. There was a significant difference between mean scores of negative coping among different ages at two weeks also, there was highly statistically significant difference between mean score of negative coping by increasing the level of education and job in two weeks and four weeks. Conclusion: Overall the results of the present study highlighted that there was increasing of positive coping by good knowledge at two week but there was no change at fourth week. Recommendation: Activating programs for information, health education and communication to enhance women positive coping and raise knowledge of health provider and society about postpartum stressor and how to cope with it positively.

Treating pain during vaccination should be a part of pediatric primary health care around the world, as untreated pain in children has short and long-term consequences. Few studies of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic methods of pain relief during immunization have been conducted in low-and-middle-income countries. Finding a cheap and effective pain intervention would improve primary health care. The current study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of oral sucrose as a method of pain management during immunization among infants through six months of age. A randomized controlled experimental design was used. The study sample included 80 infants distributed into sucrose and control groups. Data were collected in an Egyptian primary health center. Outcome measures, including pain, as measured by the FLACC pain scale, crying time, and heart rate, were measured at three time points (before, during, and after injection). There were statistically significant differences during and after immunization (p < .001) reflecting lower: scores of pain, crying duration, and rising in heart rate for the sucrose group compared to the control group. The study supports the effectiveness of oral sucrose in managing infants' immunization pain and recommends for providing clinical setting with safe resources and education for proper administration of oral sucrose in pain management.

Background: Adolescence refers to a sensitive stage of life in which adolescents of both sexes experience various changes in their bodies . The present study aims to identify sexual knowledge versus attitudes of female adolescents towards sexually transmitted diseases . Descriptive comparative study was conducted on a sample of 154 students ( 77 nursing and 77 art ) at the faculty of nursing and faculty of arts at Zagazig University . Two tools were used , a structured interview questionnaire sheet and attitude scale . The results revealed that 85.2% of female nursing students, mothers who had finished their secondary education compared to 39.4% of art students, mothers had good sexual knowledge. Also, 50% of nursing students and 35.3% of art students who had high social class had positive sexual attitudes. There was a statistically significant difference between female adolescent, residence and their sexual knowledge for both nursing and art students. It can be concluded that more than two thirds of nursing students and less than one third of art students had good sexual knowledge. Concerning to overall attitude scale , there was a statistically significant difference between both nursing and art students groups . Therefore , the study recommended that Pediatric nurse , Psychiatric nurse , Community health nurse and School health nurse should offer sexual health teaching services for adolescents .

Background: Otitis media (OM) is one of the most prevalent illnesses of infancy and early childhood. It is the most leading cause of conductive hearing loss in children, and speech/language delay that associated with adverse social and educational outcome. Mothers play the most significant role not only in providing care for their children suffering from otitis media but also in prevention this disease which lead to improvement of quality of life of their children. This study aimed to: assess mothers' knowledge and practices about care of their children suffering from otitis media, and to develop health education module. Research design: a descriptive design was used. Setting: the study was conducted at the outpatient clinics of Ear, Nose and Throat of Mansoura University. Subjects: a convenient sample of 127 mothers whose their children were under 5 years old and suffering from otitis media, with and without complication of otitis media. Tool of data collection: data about mothers' knowledge and their practices about care of OM were collected using a structured questionnaire sheet. The Results of this study revealed that, 63.8% of the studied children their age were from 1 year to less than 3 years and there was a positive relation between mothers' knowledge and their practice to provide care for their children suffering from otitis media. This study concluded that, more than half of studied mothers had "insufficient" knowledge score and "unsatisfactory" score in practical knowledge regarding otitis media. Recommendation: regular and continuous health education programs are essential for mothers of children suffering from otitis media about care of their children and their community resources.

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder, characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. Epilepsy starts in childhood in 60% of cases and most of the clinically significant aspects of the disease occur during childhood. Parents, especially the mothers, play the most significant role in helping their epileptic children adapt to their condition. This study aimed to assess mothers' management of their epileptic children. The study was conducted at the Epileptic Clinic of Mansoura University Children Hospital. A convenient sample of 100 mothers of children with epilepsy who are diagnosed as epilepsy since at least 6 months and free from other chronic disorders comprised the study sample. Mothers’ management of their epileptic children was collected through a structured interview schedule developed by the researcher. Results Half of mothers have total management scores in managing their epileptic children were either "good: or "satisfactory". There were statistical significant differences found between mothers’ management scores and their characteristics in area related to education and their level of education, where the older the age and the higher education the better management scores the mothers have. Therefore, educational programs are essential for mothers of epileptic children about care of their children and their community resources. Also, establishing a support group for epileptic children and their mothers is mandatory to support mothers' management.

Women's satisfaction and perceived control in childbirth are important attributes of the childbirth experience and quality of care indicators. This article presents findings from the pre-intervention phase of a multi-centre implementation study in Egypt, Lebanon and Syria, to introduce a labour companionship model in these countries. A sample of 2620 women giving birth in three public teaching hospitals from November 2014 to July 2015 in Beirut and Mansoura, and from November 2014 to April 2015 in Damascus were interviewed by trained field workers. Additional information was abstracted from medical charts. An adapted version of the Mackey Childbirth Satisfaction Rating Scale was used to measure women's satisfaction and the shortened version of the Labor Agentry Scale was used to assess perception of control. The total satisfaction score was high in all sites with the lowest being in Egypt. Perceived control was directly related to satisfaction. Women with low education levels had higher levels of childbirth satisfaction. Women who had fewer children from Egypt and Lebanon, and those who received care by a team including both male and female physicians in the Syrian hospital were more likely to be dissatisfied than their counterparts. Variations in the management and provision of care between the three countries may explain the differences in satisfaction levels observed. Further qualitative research is needed to deepen our understanding of the concepts of control and satisfaction in the Arab culture as well as to establish the factors associated with women's positive childbirth experiences to inform the provision of quality maternity care.