10 results on '"Ohlenforst B"'
Search Results
2. Exemplification case studies as a focus for the implementation of best practices related to aircraft noise management at airports
- Author
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Konovalova, O, Zaporozhets, O, Ohlenforst, B, Peerlings, B, Aalmoes, R, Radulescu, D, Burtea, N, Dragasanu, L, Hooper, P, Heyes, G, Jeram, S, Konovalova, O, Zaporozhets, O, Ohlenforst, B, Peerlings, B, Aalmoes, R, Radulescu, D, Burtea, N, Dragasanu, L, Hooper, P, Heyes, G, and Jeram, S
- Abstract
This study presents the analysis of six airport exemplification case studies undertaken in the European project “Aviation Noise Impact Management through Novel Approaches - ANIMA”. Best practices related to aircraft noise management at airports in individual airport contexts were implemented and evaluated. Case studies on communication and community engagement in airport noise management were investigated at Heathrow (United Kingdom), Ljubljana (Slovenia) and Rotterdam The Hague (The Netherlands) airports. For Zaporizhzhia (Ukraine) and Iasi (Romania) airports, the implementation of interventions related to land-use planning was examined. The interdependencies between noise and emissions were studied for Cluj (Romania) airport. All case studies were performed under the scope of the corresponding national legislation and guidelines. Individual characteristics of airport operations were taken into account. The case studies were aligned with expectations and priorities of all involved stakeholders, such as representatives of airport operators, local communities, civil aviation authorities and policy makers. The efficacy of the noise management case studies is assessed in terms of: the capacity to negotiate consensus outcomes, the extent to which noise impact reductions were achieved; and the participants' satisfaction with the process and outcomes. Experience gained from these studies will be used to distill best practices for future interventions.
- Published
- 2021
3. Evaluating the climate impact of aviation emission scenarios towards the Paris agreement including COVID-19 effects.
- Author
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Grewe V, Gangoli Rao A, Grönstedt T, Xisto C, Linke F, Melkert J, Middel J, Ohlenforst B, Blakey S, Christie S, Matthes S, and Dahlmann K
- Subjects
- Air Pollution adverse effects, COVID-19 transmission, COVID-19 virology, Carbon Dioxide chemistry, Humans, Ozone chemistry, Paris, SARS-CoV-2 isolation & purification, Aviation statistics & numerical data, COVID-19 epidemiology, Climate Change, Global Warming, Vehicle Emissions toxicity
- Abstract
Aviation is an important contributor to the global economy, satisfying society's mobility needs. It contributes to climate change through CO
2 and non-CO2 effects, including contrail-cirrus and ozone formation. There is currently significant interest in policies, regulations and research aiming to reduce aviation's climate impact. Here we model the effect of these measures on global warming and perform a bottom-up analysis of potential technical improvements, challenging the assumptions of the targets for the sector with a number of scenarios up to 2100. We show that although the emissions targets for aviation are in line with the overall goals of the Paris Agreement, there is a high likelihood that the climate impact of aviation will not meet these goals. Our assessment includes feasible technological advancements and the availability of sustainable aviation fuels. This conclusion is robust for several COVID-19 recovery scenarios, including changes in travel behaviour.- Published
- 2021
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4. Impact of SNR, masker type and noise reduction processing on sentence recognition performance and listening effort as indicated by the pupil dilation response.
- Author
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Ohlenforst B, Wendt D, Kramer SE, Naylor G, Zekveld AA, and Lunner T
- Subjects
- Acoustic Stimulation, Aged, Audiometry, Speech, Auditory Threshold, Electric Stimulation, Equipment Design, Female, Hearing, Hearing Loss, Sensorineural diagnosis, Hearing Loss, Sensorineural physiopathology, Hearing Loss, Sensorineural psychology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Noise adverse effects, Persons With Hearing Impairments psychology, Signal-To-Noise Ratio, Attention, Correction of Hearing Impairment instrumentation, Hearing Aids, Hearing Loss, Sensorineural rehabilitation, Noise prevention & control, Perceptual Masking, Persons With Hearing Impairments rehabilitation, Pupil physiology, Recognition, Psychology, Speech Intelligibility, Speech Perception
- Abstract
Recent studies have shown that activating the noise reduction scheme in hearing aids results in a smaller peak pupil dilation (PPD), indicating reduced listening effort, at 50% and 95% correct sentence recognition with a 4-talker masker. The objective of this study was to measure the effect of the noise reduction scheme (on or off) on PPD and sentence recognition across a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) from +16 dB to -12 dB and two masker types (4-talker and stationary noise). Relatively low PPDs were observed at very low (-12 dB) and very high (+16 dB to +8 dB) SNRs presumably due to 'giving up' and 'easy listening', respectively. The maximum PPD was observed with SNRs at approximately 50% correct sentence recognition. Sentence recognition with both masker types was significantly improved by the noise reduction scheme, which corresponds to the shift in performance from SNR function at approximately 5 dB toward a lower SNR. This intelligibility effect was accompanied by a corresponding effect on the PPD, shifting the peak by approximately 4 dB toward a lower SNR. In addition, with the 4-talker masker, when the noise reduction scheme was active, the PPD was smaller overall than that when the scheme was inactive. We conclude that with the 4-talker masker, noise reduction scheme processing provides a listening effort benefit in addition to any effect associated with improved intelligibility. Thus, the effect of the noise reduction scheme on listening effort incorporates more than can be explained by intelligibility alone, emphasizing the potential importance of measuring listening effort in addition to traditional speech reception measures., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
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5. Relations Between Self-Reported Daily-Life Fatigue, Hearing Status, and Pupil Dilation During a Speech Perception in Noise Task.
- Author
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Wang Y, Naylor G, Kramer SE, Zekveld AA, Wendt D, Ohlenforst B, and Lunner T
- Subjects
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Case-Control Studies, Humans, Middle Aged, Noise, Perceptual Masking, Regression Analysis, Surveys and Questionnaires, Attention physiology, Hearing physiology, Hearing Disorders physiopathology, Mental Fatigue physiopathology, Pupil physiology, Speech Perception physiology
- Abstract
Objective: People with hearing impairment are likely to experience higher levels of fatigue because of effortful listening in daily communication. This hearing-related fatigue might not only constrain their work performance but also result in withdrawal from major social roles. Therefore, it is important to understand the relationships between fatigue, listening effort, and hearing impairment by examining the evidence from both subjective and objective measurements. The aim of the present study was to investigate these relationships by assessing subjectively measured daily-life fatigue (self-report questionnaires) and objectively measured listening effort (pupillometry) in both normally hearing and hearing-impaired participants., Design: Twenty-seven normally hearing and 19 age-matched participants with hearing impairment were included in this study. Two self-report fatigue questionnaires Need For Recovery and Checklist Individual Strength were given to the participants before the test session to evaluate the subjectively measured daily fatigue. Participants were asked to perform a speech reception threshold test with single-talker masker targeting a 50% correct response criterion. The pupil diameter was recorded during the speech processing, and we used peak pupil dilation (PPD) as the main outcome measure of the pupillometry., Results: No correlation was found between subjectively measured fatigue and hearing acuity, nor was a group difference found between the normally hearing and the hearing-impaired participants on the fatigue scores. A significant negative correlation was found between self-reported fatigue and PPD. A similar correlation was also found between Speech Intelligibility Index required for 50% correct and PPD. Multiple regression analysis showed that factors representing "hearing acuity" and "self-reported fatigue" had equal and independent associations with the PPD during the speech in noise test. Less fatigue and better hearing acuity were associated with a larger pupil dilation., Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the relationship between a subjective measure of daily-life fatigue and an objective measure of pupil dilation, as an indicator of listening effort. These findings help to provide an empirical link between pupil responses, as observed in the laboratory, and daily-life fatigue.
- Published
- 2018
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6. Response to Comment: RE: ) Exploring the Relationship Between Working Memory, Compressor Speed, and Background Noise Characteristics, Ear Hear 37, 137-143.
- Author
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Ohlenforst B, Souza PE, and MacDonald EN
- Subjects
- Humans, Speech Perception, Memory, Short-Term, Noise
- Published
- 2017
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7. Impact of stimulus-related factors and hearing impairment on listening effort as indicated by pupil dilation.
- Author
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Ohlenforst B, Zekveld AA, Lunner T, Wendt D, Naylor G, Wang Y, Versfeld NJ, and Kramer SE
- Subjects
- Acoustic Stimulation, Adolescent, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Audiometry, Speech, Case-Control Studies, Eye Movements, Female, Hearing, Hearing Disorders diagnosis, Hearing Disorders physiopathology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Recognition, Psychology, Speech Intelligibility, Young Adult, Attention, Hearing Disorders psychology, Mydriasis physiopathology, Noise adverse effects, Perceptual Masking, Persons With Hearing Impairments psychology, Pupil, Speech Perception
- Abstract
Previous research has reported effects of masker type and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) on listening effort, as indicated by the peak pupil dilation (PPD) relative to baseline during speech recognition. At about 50% correct sentence recognition performance, increasing SNRs generally results in declining PPDs, indicating reduced effort. However, the decline in PPD over SNRs has been observed to be less pronounced for hearing-impaired (HI) compared to normal-hearing (NH) listeners. The presence of a competing talker during speech recognition generally resulted in larger PPDs as compared to the presence of a fluctuating or stationary background noise. The aim of the present study was to examine the interplay between hearing-status, a broad range of SNRs corresponding to sentence recognition performance varying from 0 to 100% correct, and different masker types (stationary noise and single-talker masker) on the PPD during speech perception. Twenty-five HI and 32 age-matched NH participants listened to sentences across a broad range of SNRs, masked with speech from a single talker (-25 dB to +15 dB SNR) or with stationary noise (-12 dB to +16 dB). Correct sentence recognition scores and pupil responses were recorded during stimulus presentation. With a stationary masker, NH listeners show maximum PPD across a relatively narrow range of low SNRs, while HI listeners show relatively large PPD across a wide range of ecological SNRs. With the single-talker masker, maximum PPD was observed in the mid-range of SNRs around 50% correct sentence recognition performance, while smaller PPDs were observed at lower and higher SNRs. Mixed-model ANOVAs revealed significant interactions between hearing-status and SNR on the PPD for both masker types. Our data show a different pattern of PPDs across SNRs between groups, which indicates that listening and the allocation of effort during listening in daily life environments may be different for NH and HI listeners., (Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
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8. Effects of Hearing Impairment and Hearing Aid Amplification on Listening Effort: A Systematic Review.
- Author
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Ohlenforst B, Zekveld AA, Jansma EP, Wang Y, Naylor G, Lorens A, Lunner T, and Kramer SE
- Subjects
- Auditory Fatigue, Auditory Perception physiology, Hearing Loss rehabilitation, Humans, Hearing Aids, Hearing Loss physiopathology
- Abstract
Objectives: To undertake a systematic review of available evidence on the effect of hearing impairment and hearing aid amplification on listening effort. Two research questions were addressed: Q1) does hearing impairment affect listening effort? and Q2) can hearing aid amplification affect listening effort during speech comprehension?, Design: English language articles were identified through systematic searches in PubMed, EMBASE, Cinahl, the Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO from inception to August 2014. References of eligible studies were checked. The Population, Intervention, Control, Outcomes, and Study design strategy was used to create inclusion criteria for relevance. It was not feasible to apply a meta-analysis of the results from comparable studies. For the articles identified as relevant, a quality rating, based on the 2011 Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Working Group guidelines, was carried out to judge the reliability and confidence of the estimated effects., Results: The primary search produced 7017 unique hits using the keywords: hearing aids OR hearing impairment AND listening effort OR perceptual effort OR ease of listening. Of these, 41 articles fulfilled the Population, Intervention, Control, Outcomes, and Study design selection criteria of: experimental work on hearing impairment OR hearing aid technologies AND listening effort OR fatigue during speech perception. The methods applied in those articles were categorized into subjective, behavioral, and physiological assessment of listening effort. For each study, the statistical analysis addressing research question Q1 and/or Q2 was extracted. In seven articles more than one measure of listening effort was provided. Evidence relating to Q1 was provided by 21 articles that reported 41 relevant findings. Evidence relating to Q2 was provided by 27 articles that reported 56 relevant findings. The quality of evidence on both research questions (Q1 and Q2) was very low, according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Working Group guidelines. We tested the statistical evidence across studies with nonparametric tests. The testing revealed only one consistent effect across studies, namely that listening effort was higher for hearing-impaired listeners compared with normal-hearing listeners (Q1) as measured by electroencephalographic measures. For all other studies, the evidence across studies failed to reveal consistent effects on listening effort., Conclusion: In summary, we could only identify scientific evidence from physiological measurement methods, suggesting that hearing impairment increases listening effort during speech perception (Q1). There was no scientific, finding across studies indicating that hearing aid amplification decreases listening effort (Q2). In general, there were large differences in the study population, the control groups and conditions, and the outcome measures applied between the studies included in this review. The results of this review indicate that published listening effort studies lack consistency, lack standardization across studies, and have insufficient statistical power. The findings underline the need for a common conceptual framework for listening effort to address the current shortcomings.
- Published
- 2017
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9. Parasympathetic Nervous System Dysfunction, as Identified by Pupil Light Reflex, and Its Possible Connection to Hearing Impairment.
- Author
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Wang Y, Zekveld AA, Naylor G, Ohlenforst B, Jansma EP, Lorens A, Lunner T, and Kramer SE
- Subjects
- Adult, Autonomic Nervous System Diseases complications, Female, Hearing Loss etiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Autonomic Nervous System Diseases diagnosis, Hearing Loss diagnosis, Light, Pupil physiology, Reflex, Pupillary physiology
- Abstract
Context: Although the pupil light reflex has been widely used as a clinical diagnostic tool for autonomic nervous system dysfunction, there is no systematic review available to summarize the evidence that the pupil light reflex is a sensitive method to detect parasympathetic dysfunction. Meanwhile, the relationship between parasympathetic functioning and hearing impairment is relatively unknown., Objectives: To 1) review the evidence for the pupil light reflex being a sensitive method to evaluate parasympathetic dysfunction, 2) review the evidence relating hearing impairment and parasympathetic activity and 3) seek evidence of possible connections between hearing impairment and the pupil light reflex., Methods: Literature searches were performed in five electronic databases. All selected articles were categorized into three sections: pupil light reflex and parasympathetic dysfunction, hearing impairment and parasympathetic activity, pupil light reflex and hearing impairment., Results: Thirty-eight articles were included in this review. Among them, 36 articles addressed the pupil light reflex and parasympathetic dysfunction. We summarized the information in these data according to different types of parasympathetic-related diseases. Most of the studies showed a difference on at least one pupil light reflex parameter between patients and healthy controls. Two articles discussed the relationship between hearing impairment and parasympathetic activity. Both studies reported a reduced parasympathetic activity in the hearing impaired groups. The searches identified no results for pupil light reflex and hearing impairment., Discussion and Conclusions: As the first systematic review of the evidence, our findings suggest that the pupil light reflex is a sensitive tool to assess the presence of parasympathetic dysfunction. Maximum constriction velocity and relative constriction amplitude appear to be the most sensitive parameters. There are only two studies investigating the relationship between parasympathetic activity and hearing impairment, hence further research is needed. The pupil light reflex could be a candidate measurement tool to achieve this goal.
- Published
- 2016
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10. Exploring the Relationship Between Working Memory, Compressor Speed, and Background Noise Characteristics.
- Author
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Ohlenforst B, Souza PE, and MacDonald EN
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Data Compression methods, Female, Hearing Loss, Sensorineural psychology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Speech Intelligibility, Hearing Aids, Hearing Loss, Sensorineural rehabilitation, Memory, Short-Term, Noise, Speech Perception
- Abstract
Objectives: Previous work has shown that individuals with lower working memory demonstrate reduced intelligibility for speech processed with fast-acting compression amplification. This relationship has been noted in fluctuating noise, but the extent of noise modulation that must be present to elicit such an effect is unknown. This study expanded on previous study by exploring the effect of background noise modulations in relation to compression speed and working memory ability, using a range of signal to noise ratios., Design: Twenty-six older participants between ages 61 and 90 years were grouped by high or low working memory according to their performance on a reading span test. Speech intelligibility was measured for low-context sentences presented in background noise, where the noise varied in the extent of amplitude modulation. Simulated fast- or slow-acting compression amplification combined with individual frequency-gain shaping was applied to compensate for the individual's hearing loss., Results: Better speech intelligibility scores were observed for participants with high working memory when fast compression was applied than when slow compression was applied. The low working memory group behaved in the opposite way and performed better under slow compression compared with fast compression. There was also a significant effect of the extent of amplitude modulation in the background noise, such that the magnitude of the score difference (fast versus slow compression) depended on the number of talkers in the background noise. The presented signal to noise ratios were not a significant factor on the measured intelligibility performance., Conclusion: In agreement with earlier research, high working memory allowed better speech intelligibility when fast compression was applied in modulated background noise. In the present experiment, that effect was present regardless of the extent of background noise modulation.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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