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Objectives: To investigate the appropriate timing, useful findings and combination of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US) for predicting the radiographic progression in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods:Forty-four active RA patients, who examined by both of MRI and US in the symptomatic wrist and finger joints, were recruited in Nagasaki University Hospital from 2010 to 2017 and treated by the treat-to-target therapeutic strategy for 1 year. MRI was evaluated by RA MRI scoring and US by Outcomes Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trial, respectively. Plain radiographs were assessed by the Genant-modified Sharp score for the symptomatic side in the same manner as MRI and US. Radiographic progression was defined as an annual increase ≥0.75 at 1 year. Factors associated with radiographic progression were analysed. Also, the optimal combination of MRI and US at each timepoint was considered. Results:Logistic regression model revealed that MRI-proven bone marrow oedema at baseline and 6 months and joint counts of power-Doppler grade ≥2 articular synovitis at 3 or 6 months were significantly associated with radiographic progression at 1 year. Conclusion:This study may suggest the favourable timing and combination of MRI and US at each point to predict radiographic progression in patients with early-stage RA., Modern rheumatology, 33(4), pp.708-714; 2023