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This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from a Japanese health insurance database to assess the effectiveness of baloxavir (n = 4822) for preventing severe events compared with oseltamivir (n = 10,523) in patients with influenza B. The primary endpoint was hospitalization incidence (Days 2–14). The secondary endpoints included intravenous antibacterial drug use, pneumonia hospitalization, heart failure hospitalization, inhalational oxygen requirement, and use of other anti‐influenza drugs. The hospitalization incidence was significantly lower with baloxavir (0.15% vs. 0.37%; risk ratio: 2.48, 95% confidence interval: 1.13–5.43). Pneumonia and additional anti‐influenza therapy were also less frequent with baloxavir, thus supporting its use. Trial Registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry Study ID: UMIN000051382 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Alerts for bleeding events are included in the Japanese package inserts of some anti‐influenza drugs, including baloxavir marboxil and oseltamivir. However, there are few reports on the incidence of bleeding events during treatment with anti‐influenza drugs. This large‐scale quantitative assessment compared the incidence of bleeding events in influenza patients treated with baloxavir and other anti‐influenza drugs and in untreated patients. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used a large‐scale Japanese employment‐based health insurance claims database provided by JMDC Inc. and included outpatients diagnosed with influenza between October 1, 2018 and April 11, 2019. Bleeding events were identified by International Classification of Diseases 10th revision codes. Incidences were compared between patients treated with baloxavir or neuraminidase inhibitors and untreated patients. Odds ratios were calculated after exact matching to adjust for potential confounders. Results: Among 529 201 influenza episodes, 30 964 were untreated and 498 237 were treated with anti‐influenza drugs: baloxavir, 207 630; oseltamivir, 143 722; zanamivir, 28 208; peramivir, 5304; laninamivir, 113 373. Crude incidence proportions for total bleeding up to 20 days after influenza diagnosis were similar among treated groups, with a slightly higher value for peramivir (0.21% vs. 0.19% for baloxavir, oseltamivir, zanamivir, and laninamivir), and 0.30% in untreated patients. After exact matching, the incidence of bleeding for baloxavir was similar to that for other anti‐influenza treatments (odds ratios for baloxavir were 0.90–0.99 compared to other therapies). Conclusions: Based on real‐world observation using a large‐scale claims database, a similar incidence of bleeding events was observed in recipients of the different anti‐influenza drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The association between obesity and type 2 diabetes has been well documented in epidemiological studies. Patients with type 2 diabetes have a higher body weight than control populations. Relatively few studies, however, have examined the prevalence of obesity in a cohort of hospitalized type 2 diabetes mellitus patients using an electronic health records database. This study measured the prevalence of obesity in hospitalized type 2 diabetes patients and described demographic and clinical characteristics using electronic health records from Convergence CT sites located in the southwestern United States., Material and Methods: Hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were identified in electronic health records from the Convergence Global Research Network. Demographic and clinical characteristics were examined for hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes. Comparisons were made between males and females across different clinical characteristics as well as between obese patients (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) and patients with BMI <30 kg/m2., Results: Approximately 26.8% of hospitalized type 2 diabetes patients were overweight (BMI=25-29.9 kg/m2) and 57.7% were obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). A higher percentage of females (61.3%) were obese compared to males (54.6%) (p=0.002). Obese patients with type 2 diabetes were younger, appeared to have inadequate glycemic control, exhibited higher blood pressure, and had worse lipid profiles compared to type 2 diabetes patients with BMI <30 kg/m2., Conclusions: Approximately 84.5% of the hospitalized type 2 diabetes patients identified in this study were overweight or obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m2), suggesting the need for effective weight loss intervention in this population.