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1. Twenty-four Month Outcomes of Extended- Versus Standard-course Antibiotic Therapy in Children Hospitalized With Pneumonia in High-Risk Settings: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

Kok, Hing C., McCallum, Gabrielle B., Yerkovich, Stephanie T., Grimwood, Keith, Fong, Siew M., Nathan, Anna M., Byrnes, Catherine A., Ware, Robert S., Nachiappan, Nachal, Saari, Noorazlina, Morris, Peter S., Yeo, Tsin W., Oguoma, Victor M., Masters, I. Brent, de Bruyne, Jessie A., Eg, Kah P., Lee, Bilawara, Ooi, Mong H., Upham, John W., Torzillo, Paul J., and Chang, Anne B.

Published
2024
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2. Hearing loss in Australian First Nations children at 6-monthly assessments from age 12 to 36 months: Secondary outcomes from randomised controlled trials of novel pneumococcal conjugate vaccine schedules

Author

Leach, Amanda Jane, Wilson, Nicole, Arrowsmith, Beth, Beissbarth, Jemima, Mulholland, Kim, Santosham, Mathuram, Torzillo, Paul John, McIntyre, Peter, Smith-Vaughan, Heidi, Skull, Sue A., Oguoma, Victor M., Chatfield, Mark D., Lehmann, Deborah, Brennan-Jones, Christopher G., Binks, Michael J., Licciardi, Paul V., Andrews, Ross M., Snelling, Tom, Krause, Vicki, Carapetis, Jonathan, Chang, Anne B., and Morris, Peter Stanley

Subjects
Australian aborigines -- Health aspects, Infants -- Health aspects, Otitis media -- Complications and side effects, Hearing disorders in children -- Risk factors -- Statistics -- Demographic aspects, Pediatric research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Background In Australian remote communities, First Nations children with otitis media (OM)-related hearing loss are disproportionately at risk of developmental delay and poor school performance, compared to those with normal hearing. Our objective was to compare OM-related hearing loss in children randomised to one of 2 pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) formulations. Methods and findings In 2 sequential parallel, open-label, randomised controlled trials (the PREVIX trials), eligible infants were first allocated 1:1:1 at age 28 to 38 days to standard or mixed PCV schedules, then at age 12 months to PCV13 (13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, +P) or PHiD-CV10 (10-valent pneumococcal Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine, +S) (1:1). Here, we report prevalence and level of hearing loss outcomes in the +P and +S groups at 6-monthly scheduled assessments from age 12 to 36 months. From March 2013 to September 2018, 261 infants were enrolled and 461 hearing assessments were performed. Prevalence of hearing loss was 78% (25/32) in the +P group and 71% (20/28) in the +S group at baseline, declining to 52% (28/54) in the +P groups and 56% (33/59) in the +S group at age 36 months. At primary endpoint age 18 months, prevalence of moderate (disabling) hearing loss was 21% (9/42) in the +P group and 41% (20/49) in the +S group (difference -19%; (95% confidence interval (CI) [-38, -1], p = 0.07) and prevalence of no hearing loss was 36% (15/42) in the +P group and 16% (8/49) in the +S group (difference 19%; (95% CI [2, 37], p = 0.05). At subsequent time points, prevalence of moderate hearing loss remained lower in the +P group: differences -3%; (95% CI [-23, 18], p = 1.00 at age 24 months), -12%; (95% CI [-30, 6], p = 0.29 at age 30 months), and -9%; (95% CI [-23, 5], p = 0.25 at age 36 months). A major limitation was the small sample size, hence low power to reach statistical significance, thereby reducing confidence in the effect size. Conclusions In this study, we observed a high prevalence and persistence of moderate (disabling) hearing loss throughout early childhood. We found a lower prevalence of moderate hearing loss and correspondingly higher prevalence of no hearing loss in the +P group, which may have substantial benefits for high-risk children, their families, and society, but warrant further investigation. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01735084 and NCT01174849, Author(s): Amanda Jane Leach 1,*, Nicole Wilson 1, Beth Arrowsmith 1,2, Jemima Beissbarth 1, Kim Mulholland 3,4,5, Mathuram Santosham 6,7, Paul John Torzillo 8,9, Peter McIntyre 10,11, Heidi Smith-Vaughan 1, [...]

Published
2024
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6. Immunogenicity, otitis media, hearing impairment, and nasopharyngeal carriage 6-months after 13-valent or ten-valent booster pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, stratified by mixed priming schedules: PREVIX_COMBO and PREVIX_BOOST randomised controlled trials

Author

Leach, Amanda Jane, Wilson, Nicole, Arrowsmith, Beth, Beissbarth, Jemima, Mulholland, Edward Kim, Santosham, Mathuram, Torzillo, Paul John, McIntyre, Peter, Smith-Vaughan, Heidi, Chatfield, Mark D, Lehmann, Deborah, Binks, Michael, Chang, Anne B, Carapetis, Jonathan, Krause, Vicki, Andrews, Ross, Snelling, Tom, Skull, Sue A, Licciardi, Paul V, Oguoma, Victor M, and Morris, Peter Stanley

Published
2022
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8. Interchangeability, immunogenicity and safety of a combined 10-valent pneumococcal Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (Synflorix) and 13-valent-PCV (Prevenar13) schedule at 1-2-4-6 months: PREVIX_COMBO, a 3-arm randomised controlled trial

Author

Leach, Amanda Jane, Mulholland, Edward Kim, Santosham, Mathuram, Torzillo, Paul John, McIntyre, Peter, Smith-Vaughan, Heidi, Wilson, Nicole, Arrowsmith, Beth, Beissbarth, Jemima, Chatfield, Mark D., Oguoma, Victor M., Licciardi, Paul, Skull, Sue, Andrews, Ross, Carapetis, Jonathan, McDonnell, Joseph, Krause, Vicki, and Morris, Peter Stanley

Published
2021
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11. Otitis media outcomes of a combined 10-valent pneumococcal Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine schedule at 1-2-4-6 months: PREVIX_COMBO, a 3-arm randomised controlled trial

Author

Leach, Amanda Jane, Mulholland, Edward Kim, Santosham, Mathuram, Torzillo, Paul John, McIntyre, Peter, Smith-Vaughan, Heidi, Wilson, Nicole, Arrowsmith, Beth, Beissbarth, Jemima, Chatfield, Mark D., Oguoma, Victor M., and Morris, Peter Stanley

Published
2021
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13. Povidone-iodine ear wash and oral cotrimoxazole for chronic suppurative otitis media in Australian aboriginal children: study protocol for factorial design randomised controlled trial

Author

Wigger, Christine, Leach, Amanda Jane, Beissbarth, Jemima, Oguoma, Victor, Lennox, Ruth, Nelson, Sandra, Patel, Hemi, Chatfield, Mark, Currie, Kathy, Coates, Harvey, Edwards, Keith, Smith-Vaughan, Heidi, Hare, Kim, Torzillo, Paul, Tong, Steven, and Morris, Peter

Published
2019
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17. List of Contributors

Author

Adeyemi, Sherif Babatunde, primary, Agyare, Christian, additional, Alice, Ketchaji, additional, Amoo, Stephen O., additional, Apenteng, John Antwi, additional, Appiah, Theresa, additional, Asangbeng, Tanue Elvis, additional, Assob, Jules Clement Nguedia, additional, Avoseh, Nudewhenu O., additional, Bakowsky, Udo, additional, Beng, Veronique P., additional, Boakye, Yaw Duah, additional, Bora, Samba Melvis, additional, Bwititi, Phillip Taderera, additional, Chiara, Achangwa, additional, Denis, Zofou, additional, Derese, Solomon, additional, Djeussi, Doriane E., additional, Du Plooy, Christian Phillipus, additional, Dzemo, Kibu Odette, additional, Dzoyem, Jean P., additional, Guantai, Eric M., additional, Hamid, Abdulmumeen Amao, additional, Hritcu, Lucian, additional, Karaosmanoğlu, Oğuzhan, additional, Kuete, Victor, additional, Lawal, Oladipupo A., additional, Mahomoodally, Fawzi M., additional, Makhafola, Tshepiso J., additional, Malika, Esembeson, additional, Mbaveng, Armelle T., additional, McGaw, Lyndy J., additional, Midiwo, Jacob O., additional, Mihasan, Marius, additional, Muritala, Hamdalat Folake, additional, Nafiu, Mikhail Olugbemiro, additional, Njouendou, Abdel Jelil, additional, Noumedem, Jaures A.K., additional, Nsagha, Dickson Shey, additional, Nwose, Ezekiel Uba, additional, Ochwang’i, Dominic O., additional, Oduma, Jemimah A., additional, Ogundajo, Akintayo L., additional, Ogunwande, Isiaka Ajani, additional, Oguoma, Victor Maduabuchi, additional, Okorogbona, Alfred Oghode Misaiti, additional, Omosa, Leonidah Kerubo, additional, Oyemitan, Idris Ajayi, additional, Seebaluck-Sandoram, Roumita, additional, Sevidzem, Wirsiy Frankline, additional, Sivas, Hülya, additional, Taïwe, Germain Sotoing, additional, Tamokou, Jean-de-Dieu, additional, Tchatchouang, Serges, additional, Venter, Sonia L., additional, Wenze, Ayima Charlotte, additional, and Yaouba, Souaibou, additional

Published
2017
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19. Extended Versus Standard Antibiotic Course Duration in Children <5 Years of Age Hospitalized With Community-acquired Pneumonia in High-risk Settings: Four-week Outcomes of a Multicenter, Double-blind, Parallel, Superiority Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

McCallum, Gabrielle B., primary, Fong, Siew M., additional, Grimwood, Keith, additional, Nathan, Anna M., additional, Byrnes, Catherine A., additional, Ooi, Mong H., additional, Nachiappan, Nachal, additional, Saari, Noorazlina, additional, Morris, Peter S., additional, Yeo, Tsin W., additional, Ware, Robert S., additional, Elogius, Blueren W., additional, Oguoma, Victor M., additional, Yerkovich, Stephanie T., additional, de Bruyne, Jessie, additional, Lawrence, Katrina A., additional, Lee, Bilawara, additional, Upham, John W., additional, Torzillo, Paul J., additional, and Chang, Anne B., additional

Published
2022
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20. Extended Versus Standard Antibiotic Course Duration in Children

Author

McCallum, Gabrielle B., Fong, Siew M., Grimwood, Keith, Nathan, Anna M., Byrnes, Catherine A., Ooi, Mong H., Nachiappan, Nachal, Saari, Noorazlina, Morris, Peter S., Yeo, Tsin W., Ware, Robert S., Elogius, Blueren W., Oguoma, Victor M., Yerkovich, Stephanie T., De Bruyne, Jessie, Lawrence, Katrina A., Lee, Bilawara, Upham, John W., Torzillo, Paul J., Chang, Anne B., McCallum, Gabrielle B., Fong, Siew M., Grimwood, Keith, Nathan, Anna M., Byrnes, Catherine A., Ooi, Mong H., Nachiappan, Nachal, Saari, Noorazlina, Morris, Peter S., Yeo, Tsin W., Ware, Robert S., Elogius, Blueren W., Oguoma, Victor M., Yerkovich, Stephanie T., De Bruyne, Jessie, Lawrence, Katrina A., Lee, Bilawara, Upham, John W., Torzillo, Paul J., and Chang, Anne B.

Abstract

Background: High-level evidence is limited for antibiotic duration in children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) from First Nations and other at-risk populations of chronic respiratory disorders. As part of a larger study, we determined whether an extended antibiotic course is superior to a standard course for achieving clinical cure at 4 weeks in children 3 months to ≤5 years old hospitalized with CAP. Methods: In our multinational (Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia), double-blind, superiority randomized controlled trial, children hospitalized with uncomplicated, radiographic-confirmed, CAP received 1-3 days of intravenous antibiotics followed by 3 days of oral amoxicillin-clavulanate (80 mg/kg, amoxicillin component, divided twice daily) and then randomized to extended (13-14 days duration) or standard (5-6 days) antibiotics. The primary outcome was clinical cure (complete resolution of respiratory symptoms/signs) 4 weeks postenrollment. Secondary outcomes included adverse events, nasopharyngeal bacterial pathogens and antimicrobial resistance at 4 weeks. Results: Of 372 children enrolled, 324 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were randomized. Using intention-to-treat analysis, between-group clinical cure rates were similar (extended course: n = 127/163, 77.9%; standard course: n = 131/161, 81.3%; relative risk = 0.96, 95% confidence interval = 0.86-1.07). There were no significant between-group differences for adverse events (extended course: n = 43/163, 26.4%; standard course, n = 32/161, 19.9%) or nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Staphylococcus aureus or antimicrobial resistance. Conclusions: Among children hospitalized with pneumonia and at-risk of chronic respiratory illnesses, an extended antibiotic course was not superior to a standard course at achieving clinical cure at 4 weeks. Additional research will identify if an extended course provides longer-term benefits

Published
2022

24. Examination of the nutritional intake of patients undergoing opioid replacement therapy: A systematic review.

Author

Waddington, Freya, Naunton, Mark, Thomas, Jackson, Kyle, Greg, Wheatley, Brendon, and Oguoma, Victor

Subjects
ONLINE information services, MEDICAL databases, CINAHL database, MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems, FOOD consumption, NUTRITIONAL requirements, NICOTINE replacement therapy, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, MICRONUTRIENTS, DATA analysis software, MEDLINE
Abstract

Aim: This systematic review aimed to determine the level of existing research that investigates the intake, specifically macro and micronutrient intake, of patients undergoing opioid replacement therapy. Methods: A systematic review was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and CINAHL databases using a pre‐determined protocol. Studies published between 2001 and 2022 assessing macronutrient or micronutrient intake in opioid replacement therapy patients were included. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist was utilised for quality appraisal. Data from each of the included papers was synthesised in a narrative manner. Data extracted included all measurements of nutrition including macronutrient, and micronutrient intake and any bioanalysis results and methods utilised. Results: Seven papers (one cohort study and six cross‐sectional studies, n = 443) were included that investigated an aspect of nutritional intake in patients receiving opioid replacement therapy. The majority of included papers reported an assessment of both macro and micronutrient and resulting energy intake as determined by food consumption. The included papers described a picture of irregular nutritional intake in patients undergoing opioid replacement therapy. Conclusion: Minimal research into the nutritional intake of opioid replacement therapy patients exists. The existing research is suggestive of irregular nutritional intake from both macro and micronutrient consumption and indicates a need for further studies and increased attention on this vulnerable patient group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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28. Additional file 1 of A community-based service enhancement model of training and employing Ear Health Facilitators to address the crisis in ear and hearing health of Aboriginal children in the Northern Territory, the Hearing for Learning Initiative (the HfLI): study protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial

Author

Kong, Kelvin, Cass, Alan, Leach, Amanda Jane, Morris, Peter Stanley, Kimber, Amy, Su, Jiunn-Yih, and Oguoma, Victor Maduabuchi

Abstract

Additional file 1. Sample size simulation with 18 communities.

Published
2021
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29. Additional file 2 of Otitis media outcomes of a combined 10-valent pneumococcal Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine schedule at 1-2-4-6 months: PREVIX_COMBO, a 3-arm randomised controlled trial

Author

Leach, Amanda Jane, Mulholland, Edward Kim, Mathuram Santosham, Torzillo, Paul John, McIntyre, Peter, Smith-Vaughan, Heidi, Wilson, Nicole, Arrowsmith, Beth, Jemima Beissbarth, Chatfield, Mark D., Oguoma, Victor M., and Morris, Peter Stanley

Abstract

Additional file 2 Supplementary Table 2. Proportion (n, %) of infants with transitions in OM status from 1 to 2, 2 to 4, 4 to 6, and 6 to 7 months of age, for infants with ear assessments at both timepoints (all vaccine groups combined).

Published
2021
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30. Additional file 3 of A community-based service enhancement model of training and employing Ear Health Facilitators to address the crisis in ear and hearing health of Aboriginal children in the Northern Territory, the Hearing for Learning Initiative (the HfLI): study protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial

Author

Kong, Kelvin, Cass, Alan, Leach, Amanda Jane, Morris, Peter Stanley, Kimber, Amy, Su, Jiunn-Yih, and Oguoma, Victor Maduabuchi

Abstract

Additional file 3. SPIRIT checklist.

Published
2021
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31. Additional file 2 of A community-based service enhancement model of training and employing Ear Health Facilitators to address the crisis in ear and hearing health of Aboriginal children in the Northern Territory, the Hearing for Learning Initiative (the HfLI): study protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial

Author

Kong, Kelvin, Cass, Alan, Leach, Amanda Jane, Morris, Peter Stanley, Kimber, Amy, Su, Jiunn-Yih, and Oguoma, Victor Maduabuchi

Subjects
Data_FILES
Abstract

Additional file 2. Community Participation Information Letter.

Published
2021
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32. Can Acute Cough Characteristics From Sound Recordings Differentiate Common Respiratory Illnesses in Children?:A Comparative Prospective Study

Author

Bisballe-Müller, Nina, Chang, Anne B., Plumb, Erin J., Oguoma, Victor M., Halken, Susanne, and McCallum, Gabrielle B.

Subjects
pediatrics, cough, acute respiratory infection, sound recording, asthma, respiratory tract diseases
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory illnesses cause substantial morbidity worldwide. Cough is a common symptom in these childhood respiratory illnesses, but no large cohort data are available on whether various cough characteristics can differentiate between these etiologies.RESEARCH QUESTION: Can various clinically based cough characteristics (frequency [daytime/ nighttime], the sound itself, or type [wet/dry]) be used to differentiate common etiologies (asthma, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, other acute respiratory infections) of acute cough in children?STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Between 2017 and 2019, children aged 2 weeks to ≤16 years, hospitalized with asthma, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, other acute respiratory infections, or control subjects were enrolled. Spontaneous coughs were digitally recorded over 24 hours except for the control subjects, who provided three voluntary coughs. Coughs were extracted and frequency defined (coughs/hour). Cough sounds and type were assessed independently by two observers blinded to the clinical data. Cough scored by a respiratory specialist was compared with discharge diagnosis using agreement (Cohen's kappa coefficient [қ]), sensitivity, and specificity. Caregiver-reported cough scores were related with objective cough frequency using Spearman coefficient (rs).RESULTS: A cohort of 148 children (n = 118 with respiratory illnesses, n = 30 control subjects), median age = 2.0 years (interquartile range, 0.7-3.9), 58% males, and 50% First Nations children were enrolled. In those with respiratory illnesses, caregiver-reported cough scores and wet cough (range, 42%-63%) was similar. Overall agreement in diagnosis between the respiratory specialist and discharge diagnosis was slight (қ = 0.13; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.22). Among diagnoses, specificity (8%-74%) and sensitivity (53%-100%) varied. Interrater agreement in cough type (wet/dry) between blinded observers was almost perfect (қ = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81 to 0.97). Objective cough frequency was significantly correlated with reported cough scores using visual analog scale (rs = 0.43; bias-corrected 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.56) and verbal categorical description daytime score (rs = 0.39; bias-corrected 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.54).INTERPRETATION: Cough characteristics alone are not distinct enough to accurately differentiate between common acute respiratory illnesses in children.

Published
2021

33. Additional file 3 of Otitis media outcomes of a combined 10-valent pneumococcal Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine schedule at 1-2-4-6 months: PREVIX_COMBO, a 3-arm randomised controlled trial

Author

Leach, Amanda Jane, Mulholland, Edward Kim, Mathuram Santosham, Torzillo, Paul John, McIntyre, Peter, Smith-Vaughan, Heidi, Wilson, Nicole, Arrowsmith, Beth, Jemima Beissbarth, Chatfield, Mark D., Oguoma, Victor M., and Morris, Peter Stanley

Abstract

Additional file 3. Supplementary Table 3. Univariable regression: odds ratios for suppurative OM, any OM, or bilateral OM at 7 months of age.

Published
2021
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35. Comparison of Profiles of First Nations and Non-First Nations Children With Bronchiectasis Over Two 5-Year Periods in the Northern Territory, Australia

Author

McCallum, Gabrielle B., Oguoma, Victor M., Versteegh, Lesley A., Wilson, Cate A., Bauert, Paul, Spain, Brian, Chang, Anne B., McCallum, Gabrielle B., Oguoma, Victor M., Versteegh, Lesley A., Wilson, Cate A., Bauert, Paul, Spain, Brian, and Chang, Anne B.

Abstract

Background: Although the burden of bronchiectasis is recognized globally, pediatric data are limited, particularly on trends over the years. Also, no published data exists regarding whether vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection, both found to be related to severe bronchiectasis in First Nations adults, also are important in children with bronchiectasis. Research Question: Among children with bronchiectasis, (1) have the clinical and BAL profiles changed between two 5-year periods (period 1, 2007-2011; period 2, 2012-2016) and (b) are vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency, HTLV-1 infection, or both associated with radiologic severity of bronchiectasis? Study Design and Methods: We analyzed the data from children with bronchiectasis prospectively enrolled at Royal Darwin Hospital, Australia, at the first diagnosis; that is, no child was included in both periods. Data collected include demographics, BAL, routine investigation bloods, and high-resolution CT scan of the chest evaluated using the Bhalla and modified Bhalla scores. Results: The median age of the 299 children was 2.2 years (interquartile range, 1.5-3.7 years). One hundred sixty-eight (56%) were male and most were First Nations (92%). Overall, bronchiectasis was high over time, particularly among First Nations children. In the later period, numbers of non-First Nations children more than tripled, but did not reach statistical significance. In period 2 compared with period 1, fewer First Nations children demonstrated chronic cough (period 1, 61%; period 2, 47%; P =.03), and were younger, First Nations children were less likely to have received azithromycin (period 1, 42%; period 2, 21%; P <.001), and the BAL fluid of First Nations children showed lower Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis infection. HTLV-1 infection was not detected, and vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency did not correlate with severity of bronchiectasis. Interpre

Published
2021

38. Hearing loss prevalence and years lived with disability, 1990–2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Haile, Lydia M, primary, Kamenov, Kaloyan, additional, Briant, Paul Svitil, additional, Orji, Aislyn U, additional, Steinmetz, Jaimie D, additional, Abdoli, Amir, additional, Abdollahi, Mohammad, additional, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, additional, Afshin, Ashkan, additional, Ahmed, Haroon, additional, Ahmed Rashid, Tarik, additional, Akalu, Yonas, additional, Alahdab, Fares, additional, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, additional, Alanzi, Turki M, additional, Al Hamad, Hanadi, additional, Ali, Liaqat, additional, Alipour, Vahid, additional, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, additional, Amu, Hubert, additional, Arabloo, Jalal, additional, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, additional, Arulappan, Judie, additional, Ashbaugh, Charlie, additional, Atnafu, Desta Debalkie, additional, Babar, Zaheer-Ud-Din, additional, Baig, Atif Amin, additional, Banik, Palash Chandra, additional, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, additional, Barrow, Amadou, additional, Bender, Rose G, additional, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, additional, Bhardwaj, Nikha, additional, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, additional, Bibi, Sadia, additional, Bijani, Ali, additional, Burkart, Katrin, additional, Cederroth, Christopher R, additional, Charan, Jaykaran, additional, Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan, additional, Chu, Dinh-Toi, additional, Couto, Rosa A S, additional, Dagnew, Amare Belachew, additional, Dagnew, Baye, additional, Dahlawi, Saad M A, additional, Dai, Xiaochen, additional, Dandona, Lalit, additional, Dandona, Rakhi, additional, Desalew, Assefa, additional, Dhamnetiya, Deepak, additional, Dhimal, Mandira Lamichhane, additional, Dhimal, Meghnath, additional, Doyle, Kerrie E, additional, Duncan, Bruce B, additional, Ekholuenetale, Michael, additional, Filip, Irina, additional, Fischer, Florian, additional, Franklin, Richard Charles, additional, Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji, additional, Gaidhane, Shilpa, additional, Gallus, Silvano, additional, Ghamari, Farhad, additional, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, additional, Ghozali, Ghozali, additional, Gilani, Syed Amir, additional, Glavan, Ionela-Roxana, additional, Golechha, Mahaveer, additional, Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia, additional, Gupta, Veer Bala, additional, Gupta, Vivek Kumar, additional, Hamidi, Samer, additional, Hammond, Billy Randall, additional, Hay, Simon I, additional, Hayat, Khezar, additional, Heidari, Golnaz, additional, Hoffman, Howard J, additional, Hopf, Kathleen Pillsbury, additional, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, additional, Househ, Mowafa, additional, Hussain, Rabia, additional, Hwang, Bing-Fang, additional, Iavicoli, Ivo, additional, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, additional, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, additional, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, additional, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, additional, Iwagami, Masao, additional, Jacob, Louis, additional, Jayapal, Sathish Kumar, additional, Jha, Ravi Prakash, additional, Jonas, Jost B, additional, Kalhor, Rohollah, additional, Kameran Al-Salihi, Nawzad, additional, Kandel, Himal, additional, Kasa, Ayele Semachew, additional, Kayode, Gbenga A, additional, Khalilov, Rovshan, additional, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, additional, Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli, additional, Kosen, Soewarta, additional, Koyanagi, Ai, additional, Kumar, G Anil, additional, Landires, Iván, additional, Lasrado, Savita, additional, Lim, Stephen S, additional, Liu, Xuefeng, additional, Lobo, Stany W, additional, Lugo, Alessandra, additional, Makki, Alaa, additional, Mendoza, Walter, additional, Mersha, Amanual Getnet, additional, Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu, additional, Miller, Ted R, additional, Misra, Sanjeev, additional, Mohamed, Teroj Abdulrahman, additional, Mohammadi, Mokhtar, additional, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, additional, Mohammed, Arif, additional, Mokdad, Ali H, additional, Moni, Mohammad Ali, additional, Neupane Kandel, Sandhya, additional, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, additional, Nixon, Molly R, additional, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, additional, Nuñez-Samudio, Virginia, additional, Oancea, Bogdan, additional, Oguoma, Victor Maduabuchi, additional, Olagunju, Andrew T, additional, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, additional, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, additional, Orru, Hans, additional, Owolabi, Mayowa O, additional, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, additional, Pakshir, Keyvan, additional, Pardhan, Shahina, additional, Pashazadeh Kan, Fatemeh, additional, Pasovic, Maja, additional, Pawar, Shrikant, additional, Pham, Hai Quang, additional, Pinheiro, Marina, additional, Pourshams, Akram, additional, Rabiee, Navid, additional, Rabiee, Mohammad, additional, Radfar, Amir, additional, Rahim, Fakher, additional, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, additional, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, additional, Rahman, Mosiur, additional, Rahmani, Amir Masoud, additional, Rana, Juwel, additional, Rao, Chythra R, additional, Rao, Sowmya J, additional, Rashedi, Vahid, additional, Rawaf, David Laith, additional, Rawaf, Salman, additional, Renzaho, Andre M N, additional, Rezapour, Aziz, additional, Ripon, Rezaul Karim, additional, Rodrigues, Voilet, additional, Rustagi, Neeti, additional, Saeed, Umar, additional, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, additional, Samy, Abdallah M, additional, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, additional, Sathian, Brijesh, additional, Satpathy, Maheswar, additional, Sawhney, Monika, additional, Schlee, Winfried, additional, Schmidt, Maria Inês, additional, Seylani, Allen, additional, Shaikh, Masood Ali, additional, Shannawaz, Mohammed, additional, Shiferaw, Wondimeneh Shibabaw, additional, Siabani, Soraya, additional, Singal, Anjali, additional, Singh, Jasvinder A, additional, Singh, Jitendra Kumar, additional, Singhal, Deepika, additional, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, additional, Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna, additional, Sotoudeh, Houman, additional, Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth, additional, Taddele, Biruk Wogayehu, additional, Tamiru, Animut Tagele, additional, Tareque, Md Ismail, additional, Thapar, Rekha, additional, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, additional, Tran, Bach Xuan, additional, Ullah, Saif, additional, Valadan Tahbaz, Sahel, additional, Violante, Francesco S, additional, Vlassov, Vasily, additional, Vo, Bay, additional, Vongpradith, Avina, additional, Vu, Giang Thu, additional, Wei, Jingkai, additional, Yadollahpour, Ali, additional, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, additional, Yeshaw, Yigizie, additional, Yigit, Vahit, additional, Yirdaw, Birhanu Wubale, additional, Yonemoto, Naohiro, additional, Yu, Chuanhua, additional, Yunusa, Ismaeel, additional, Zamani, Mohammad, additional, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, additional, Zastrozhina, Anasthasia, additional, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, additional, Zhao, Jeff T, additional, Murray, Christopher J L, additional, Davis, Adrian C, additional, Vos, Theo, additional, and Chadha, Shelly, additional

Published
2021
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39. Acute lower respiratory infections in Indigenous infants in Australia's Northern Territory across three eras of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine use (2006–15): a population-based cohort study

Author

Binks, Michael J., Beissbarth, Jemima, Oguoma, Victor M., Pizzutto, Susan J., Leach, Amanda J., Smith-Vaughan, Heidi C., McHugh, Lisa, Andrews, Ross M., Webby, Rosalind, Morris, Peter S., Chang, Anne B., Binks, Michael J., Beissbarth, Jemima, Oguoma, Victor M., Pizzutto, Susan J., Leach, Amanda J., Smith-Vaughan, Heidi C., McHugh, Lisa, Andrews, Ross M., Webby, Rosalind, Morris, Peter S., and Chang, Anne B.

Abstract

Background: The burden of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in Indigenous children of Australia's Northern Territory is among the highest globally. No published data exists on the effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) introduction on ALRIs in this population beyond 2005. The aim of this study was to describe the rates of ALRI admissions to hospital in Indigenous infants in the Northern Territory from 2006 to 2015, across three periods of different PCV use. We hypothesised that broader valency PCVs would be more effective against hospitalisations for pneumonia. Methods: We did a retrospective population-based cohort study of Indigenous infants born in the Northern Territory followed up until age 12 months. Data were from administrative hospital and perinatal datasets. International classification of diseases codes (tenth revision, Australian modification; ICD-10AM) were used to identify respiratory hospitalisations of interest: all-cause ALRI, all-cause pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, viral pneumonia, influenza-like illness (ILI), respiratory syncytial virus ALRI (RSV-ALRI), and pneumococcal ALRI. Incidence rates were compared between PCV eras (7-valent PCV [PCV7], 2006–09; 10-valent PCV [PCV10], 2009–11; and 13-valent PCV [PCV13], 2011–15) using interrupted time trend analysis and negative binomial regression. Findings: For children born between Jan 1, 2006, and Dec 31, 2015, 4138 ALRI episodes (31% of all hospitalisations) occurred among 2888 (20%) of the 14 594 infants. The overall ALRI hospitalisation rate was 29·7 episodes per 100 child-years. Prominent risk factors associated with ALRI hospitalisation were living in a remote community or the Central desert region, being born preterm or with low birthweight. ALRI rates were lowest in the PCV13 era, in association with a significant reduction in bacterial pneumonia hospitalisations in the PCV13 era compared with the PCV10 (incidence rate ratio 0·68, 95% CI 0·57–0·81) and PCV7 (0·70, 0·60–0·81)

Published
2020

40. A decade on: Follow-up findings of indigenous children with bronchiectasis

Author

McCallum, Gabrielle B., Singleton, Rosalyn J., Redding, Gregory J., Grimwood, Keith, Byrnes, Catherine A., Valery, Patricia C., Mobberley, Charmaine, Oguoma, Victor M., Eg, Kah Peng, Morris, Peter S., Chang, Anne B., McCallum, Gabrielle B., Singleton, Rosalyn J., Redding, Gregory J., Grimwood, Keith, Byrnes, Catherine A., Valery, Patricia C., Mobberley, Charmaine, Oguoma, Victor M., Eg, Kah Peng, Morris, Peter S., and Chang, Anne B.

Abstract

Objective: The sole prospective longitudinal study of children with either chronic suppurative lung disease (CSLD) or bronchiectasis published in the current era was limited to a single center. We sought to extend this study by evaluating the longer-term clinical and lung function outcomes and their associated risk factors in Indigenous children of adolescents from Australia, Alaska, and New Zealand who participated in our previous CSLD or bronchiectasis studies during 2004-2010. Methods: Between 2015 and 2018, we evaluated 131 out of 180 (72.8%) children of adolescents from the original studies at a single follow-up visit. We administered standardized questionnaires, reviewed medical records, undertook clinical examinations, performed spirometry, and scored available chest computed tomography scans. Results: Participants were seen at a mean age of 12.3 years (standard deviation: 2.6) and a median of 9.0 years (range: 5.0-13.0) after their original recruitment. With increasing age, rates of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) declined, while lung function was mostly within population norms (median forced expiry volume in one-second = 90% predicted, interquartile range [IQR]: 81-105; forced vital capacity [FVC] = 98% predicted, IQR: 85-114). However, 43 out of 111 (38.7%) reported chronic cough episodes. Their overall global rating judged by symptoms, including ALRI frequency, examination findings, and spirometry was well (20.3%), stable (43.9%), or improved (35.8%). Multivariable regression identified household tobacco exposure and age at first ALRI-episode as independent risk factors associated with lower FVC% predicted values. Conclusion: Under our clinical care, the respiratory outcomes in late childhood or early adolescence are encouraging for these patient populations at high-risk of premature mortality. Prospective studies to further inform management throughout the life course into adulthood are now needed.

Published
2020

41. Latent class analysis to identify clinical profiles among indigenous infants with bronchiolitis

Author

Niu, Hongqi, Chang, Anne Bernadette, Oguoma, Victor Maduabuchi, Wang, Zhiqiang, McCallum, Gabrielle Britt, Niu, Hongqi, Chang, Anne Bernadette, Oguoma, Victor Maduabuchi, Wang, Zhiqiang, and McCallum, Gabrielle Britt

Abstract

Objective: Better phenotyping of the heterogenous bronchiolitis syndrome may lead to targeted future interventions. This study aims to identify severe bronchiolitis profiles among hospitalized Australian Indigenous infants, a population at risk of bronchiectasis, using latent class analysis (LCA). Methods: We included prospectively collected clinical, viral, and nasopharyngeal bacteria data from 164 Indigenous infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis from our previous studies. We undertook multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) followed by LCA. The best-fitting model for LCA was based on adjusted Bayesian information criteria and entropy R2. Results: We identified five clinical profiles. Profile-A's (23.8% of cohort) phenotype was previous preterm (90.7%), low birth-weight (89.2%) and weight-for-length z-score <−1 (82.7% from combining those with z-score between −1 and −2 and those in the z-score of <−2 group) previous respiratory hospitalization (39.6%) and bronchiectasis on chest high-resolution computed tomography scan (35.4%). Profile-B (25.3%) was characterized by the oxygen requirement (100%) and marked accessory muscle use (45.5%). Infants in profile-C (7.0%) had the most severe disease, with oxygen requirement and bronchiectasis in 100%, moderate accessory muscle use (85% vs 0%-51.4%) and bacteria detected (93.1% vs 56.7%-72.0%). Profile-D (11.6%) was dominated by rhinovirus (49.4%), mild accessory muscle use (73.8%), and weight-for-length z-score <−2 (36.0%). Profile-E (32.2%) included bronchiectasis (13.8%), RSV (44.0%), rhinovirus (26.3%) and any bacteria (72%). Conclusion: Using LCA in Indigenous infants with severe bronchiolitis, we identified five clinical profiles with one distinct profile for bronchiectasis. LCA can characterize distinct phenotypes for severe bronchiolitis and infants at risk for future bronchiectasis, which may inform future targeted interventions.

Published
2020

49. Acute lower respiratory infections in Indigenous infants in Australia's Northern Territory across three eras of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine use (2006–15): a population-based cohort study

Author

Binks, Michael J, primary, Beissbarth, Jemima, additional, Oguoma, Victor M, additional, Pizzutto, Susan J, additional, Leach, Amanda J, additional, Smith-Vaughan, Heidi C, additional, McHugh, Lisa, additional, Andrews, Ross M, additional, Webby, Rosalind, additional, Morris, Peter S, additional, and Chang, Anne B, additional

Published
2020
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50. 10-Valent pneumococcal non-typeable H. influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV10) versus 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) as a booster dose to broaden and strengthen protection from otitis media (PREVIX_BOOST) in Australian Aboriginal children: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Author

Oguoma, Victor M, primary, Wilson, Nicole, additional, Mulholland, Kim, additional, Santosham, Mathuram, additional, Torzillo, Paul, additional, McIntyre, Peter, additional, Smith-Vaughan, Heidi, additional, Balloch, Anne, additional, Chatfield, Mark, additional, Lehmann, Deborah, additional, Binks, Michael J, additional, Chang, Anne, additional, Carapetis, Jonathan, additional, Krause, Vicki, additional, Andrews, Ross, additional, Snelling, Tom, additional, Licciardi, Paul, additional, Morris, Peter, additional, and Leach, Amanda Jane, additional

Published
2020
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