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Introduction and Background: Individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) are at an increased risk of developing comorbid medical conditions, including Type 2 diabetes. Although the diabetes prevention program (DPP) is efficacious and cost-effective, there is no published evidence to support its implementation in Nigeria or within SUD treatment settings. In this first known DPP within an SUD treatment program, we implemented a multiphased, nurse-led DPP at a small outpatient drug treatment center in Nigeria. The aim of this article was to describe only the processes utilized for the initial peer facilitator (PF) training (Phase 1). Methods: In Phase 1, a diabetes prevention master trainer delivered a virtual DPP training to the facility's lead nurse, who return-demonstrated the DPP workshop skills and competencies over four 4-hour sessions. The lead nurse then independently delivered four 8-hour training sessions to a small number of client volunteers (n = 4) who subsequently delivered the DPP lifestyle interventions to their peers in the outpatient treatment program. Results: The client volunteers attended all PF workshop sessions and were observed to be proficient in all aspects of implementation. They indicated that the training objectives were easily achieved and expressed enthusiasm for delivering DPP content to their peers. The need to better contextualize the DPP curriculum specific to Nigerian food preferences was identified. Conclusion: The Phase 1 training process appears to be an appropriate and effective approach for preparing PFs to deliver health programs, like the DPP, in environments with limited resources for populations facing numerous challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Untreated paint and textile effluents discharged from industries cause serious environmental threats to fauna and flora. This study thus, investigated the potential of different indigenous bacterial cells for the degradation of paint and textile effluents. Paint and textile effluents samples were aseptically collected from paint and textile industries. Physical, chemical, heavy metals properties and microbial load of the effluent were investigated using standard methods. Enrichment, Isolation and identification of bacterial isolates were determined using the standard microbiological methods. Screening of paint and textile effluents degraders was carried out using solid phase screening method. Degradation of paint and textile effluents were determined by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis and spectrophotometrically. Results revealed that among the heavy metals analyzed, lead from paint effluent had highest value of 5.49 ± 1.2mg/L. All the samples collected were turbid with highest and lowest values of 865 ± 1.3 and 514 ± 2.5 (NTU) from paint effluent samples. Paint effluent also recorded highest bacterial count of 6.85 ± 1.13 CFU/ml while paint sludge had the lowest count of 1.16 ± 0. 15 CFU/g. Forty-seven bacterial isolates were obtained from the paint and textile effluents samples. Screening of the 47 isolates showed that 21 isolates possessed the ability to grow on agar plates amended with paints and textile dyes. Out of the 21 positive isolates, 12 isolates were obtained from paint samples while nine isolates were recovered from the textile samples. Highest degradation activity was recorded by Bacillus subtilis (94.37% ±5.35) obtained from textile effluent sample while Micrococcus sp (46.55% ±8.30) from paint polluted soil sample had the lowest degradation activity. FTIR analysis showed the transformation and disappearance of peaks in the treated paint and textile effluents by Bacillus subtilis. This study revealed the ability and effectiveness of Bacillus subtilis in the removal of toxic materials in paint and textile effluents, thus could be applied for industrial use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various blanching methods were applied to tomatoes and pumpkin leaves (Telfairia occidentalis) to investigate the effect of the different blanching method on some of its nutritional content. The effects of steam and water blanching as a pretreatment on raw tomatoes and pumpkin leaves (control) were investigated in this study using standard methods. For tomatoes, the %nitrogen, potassium, vitamin A, C and E) mg/100g for raw were;0.48, 68.82mg/100g, 0.88mg/100g, 38.82mg/100g, 0.78mg/100g respectively. 0.45, 69.68mg/100g, 0.58mg/100g, 32.43mg/100g and 0.55mg/100g for water blanched respectively and 0.42, 69.14mg/100g, 0.47mg/100g, 29.66mg/100g, 0.42mg/100g respectively for steam blanching. * For pumpkin leaves, the %nitrogen, potassium, vitamin A, C and E) mg/100g for raw were; 0.98, 46.82mg/100g, 4.63mg/100g, 60.41mg/100g, 0.89mg/100g respectively. 0.95, 46.73mg/100g, 2.38mg/100g, 41.08mg/100g and 0.59mg/100g for water blanched respectively and 0.94, 46.10mg/100g, 1.20mg/100g, 32.16mg/100g, 0.52mg/100g respectively for steam blanching. The results indicate that water and steam blanching significantly reduce the nutritional content. The values of the nutrient were higher in water blanching compared to steam blanching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancers are major contributors to mortality among women in developing countries, with patterns changing over time. This study was done to ascertain the changes in trends and patterns of breast, cervical and ovarian cancers in women over two periods of one decade each, thirty-five years apart. Data on breast, cervical and ovarian cancers in Nigerian women over the two ten-year periods were obtained from the Ibadan Cancer Registry, using a well-structured proforma with extraction of information such as age, cancer sites and year of presentation. The extracted data were analyzed and related to information provided by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). There were about 400 cases of breast, cervical and ovarian cancers from 1960 to 1969 with cervical cancer having the highest relative frequency, while about 3000 cases of these cancers were reported from 2004 to 2013, with breast cancer having the highest ratio frequency. The age group with the highest frequencies for the three cancer types from 2004 to 2013 was 40 - 49 years, while it was 60 - 69 years from 1960 to 1969. Mean ages at presentation were 48.96 ± 13.32, 54.40 ± 13.41 and 44.42 ± 16.99 years for breast, cervical and ovarian cancers respectively. Breast and cervical cancers are the two commonest cancers in Nigerian women over the five-decade period, with breast cancer overtaking cervical cancer as the most frequently diagnosed. The number of cancer cases recorded increased seven-fold and the peak age group at diagnosis of breast cancer dropped by about twenty years over the period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]