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In noncentrosymmetric superconductors, superconducting and normal conductions can interchange based on the current flow direction. This effect is termed a superconducting diode effect (SDE), which is a focal point of recent research. The broken inversion and time reversal symmetry is believed to be the requirements of SDE but their intrinsic role has remained elusive. Here, we report strain-controlled SDEs in a layered trigonal superconductor, PbTaSe2. The SDE was found exclusively in a strained device with its absence in an unstrained device, despite that it is allowed in unstrained trigonal structure. Moreover, the zero-field or magnetic field-even (magnetic field-odd) SDE is observed when the strain and current are along armchair (zigzag) direction The results unambiguously demonstrate the intrinsic SDE under time-reversal symmetry and the critical role of strain-induced electric polarization., Comment: 35 pages, 11 figures

In this paper we construct CFT states dual to local excitations in the three-dimensional de Sitter space (dS), called the bulk local states. We find that the conjugation operation in dS$_3/$CFT$_2$ is notably different from that in AdS$_3/$CFT$_2$. This requires us to combine two bulk local states constructed out of different primary states in a CPT-invariant way. This analysis explains why Green's functions in the dS Euclidean vacuum cannot simply be obtained from the Wick rotation of those in AdS. We also argue that this characteristic feature explains the emergence of time coordinate from the dual Euclidean CFT. We show that the information metric for the quantum estimation of bulk coordinate values replicates the de Sitter space metric., Comment: 36 pages

The pyrochlore oxide Pb2Re2O7-{\delta} (PRO) is a candidate spin-orbit-coupled metal (SOCM) that exhibits a structural phase transition with inversion symmetry breaking. In this study, we report the results of detailed X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements on single crystals of PRO to clarify the crystal structure below the phase transition temperature at Ts = 300 K. In the XRD patterns, a clear peak splitting is observed below Ts, indicating a cubic to tetragonal transition. Based on the group-subgroup relationship and the observed reflection conditions, the space group of the low-temperature phase is proposed to be I4122, which agrees with optical second harmonic generation measurements. This space group is the same as that of the lowest temperature structure of the analogous SOCM Cd2Re2O7 (CRO), which is realized by the emergence of odd-parity multipole order. The comparison between PRO and CRO allows for advancing our understanding on the symmetry-lowering complex order exhibited by SOCMs., Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, 1 table

Recently, there has been a growing interest in celestial holography, which is holography in asymptotically flat spacetimes. This holographic duality exhibits numerous mysterious and fruitful features, particularly on the dual CFT side. In this paper, we present the candidate of dual CFT for Minkowski spacetime extracted from $SL(2,\mathbb{C})/SU(2)\cong H^+_3$ Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) model, the simplest non-compact CFT. We demonstrate that it reproduces the well-known principal series and correlation functions dual to the bulk scattering amplitudes., Comment: 24 pages, 3 figures

Imaging antiferromagnetic 180{\deg} domains with actively controlled visibility is vital for both fundamental science and sophisticated applications. While optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a well-known technique for distinguishing such domains in non-centrosymmetric antiferromagnets, a general material-based strategy to control domain contrast remains elusive. Using van der Waals antiferromagnet MnPS$_3$ as a proof of concept, we demonstrate the tuning of nonreciprocity-induced domain contrast in SHG through applying an in-plane electric field that transforms the magnetic point group to its unitary subgroup. The interference among intrinsic electric-dipole, magnetic-dipole, and field-induced electric-dipole transitions, each carrying distinct characters under space-inversion ($\mathcal{P}$) and time-reversal ($\mathcal{T}$) operations, enables large tuning of domain contrast and nonreciprocity in a broad spectral range. This strategy, generically applicable to systems characterized by $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric magnetic groups with a polar unitary subgroup, offers a path to fast electrical modulation of nonlinear nonreciprocal photonic behaviors using antiferromagnets.

A naive celestial dictionary causes massless two-point functions to take the delta-function forms in the celestial conformal field theory (CCFT). We rectify the dictionary, involving the shadow transformation so that the two-point functions follow the standard power-law. In this new definition, we can smoothly take the massless limit of the massive dictionary. We also compute a three-point function using the new dictionary and discuss the OPE in CCFT., Comment: 19 pages, 1 figure

Anomalous Hall effect (AHE) emerged in antiferromagnetic metals shows intriguing physics and application potential. In contrast to certain noncollinear antiferromagnets, rutile RuO$_2$ has been proposed recently to exhibit a crystal-assisted AHE with collinear antiferromagnetism. However, in RuO$_2$, the on-site magnetic moment accompanying itinerant 4d electrons is quite small, and more importantly, the AHE at zero external field is prohibited by symmetry because of the high-symmetry [001] direction of the N\'eel vector. Here, we show the AHE at zero field in the collinear antiferromagnet, Cr-doped RuO$_2$. The appropriate doping of Cr at Ru sites results in a rotation of the N\'eel vector from [001] to [110] and enhancement of the on-site magnetic moment by one order of magnitude while maintaining a metallic state with the collinear antiferromagnetism. The AHE with vanishing net moment in the Ru$_{0.8}$Cr$_{0.2}$O$_2$ exhibits an orientation dependence consistent with the [110]-oriented N\'eel vector. These results open a new avenue to manipulate AHE in antiferromagnetic metals.

Ultrafast and coherent generation of magnons is of great significance for high-speed antiferromagnetic spintronics. One possible route is by exciton-magnon pairwise optical excitation. To date, such exciton-magnon transitions have been studied mostly by linear optical means in a limited number of conventional three-dimensional antiferromagnets. Here we investigate this correlated transition in van der Waals antiferromagnet MnPS$_3$ by using resonant second-harmonic generation spectroscopy, a nonlinear optical probe sensitive to the symmetry of electronic and magnetic excitations. Two exciton-magnon peaks are observed, in line with the exciton-induced splitting of magnon density of states predicted by a Koster-Slater type theory, indicating significant exciton-magnon interactions. In addition, a large linear magnetoelectric effect of excitons is observed. These findings provide renewed understandings on the correlation effects in two-dimensional magnets with enhanced quasiparticle scattering cross-sections, and point to potential coherent control among charge, spin and orbital degrees of freedom in two-dimensional magnets by optical means.

Understanding the dynamics of soft hair might shine some light on the information loss paradox. In this paper, we introduce a new coordinate system, dressed coordinates, in order to analyze the quantum states of Hawking radiation as a first step toward understanding the connection between soft hair and the information paradox. Dressed coordinates can be introduced by an operator-dependent coordinate transformation that makes the soft hair degrees of freedom apparently disappear from the metric. We show that some results of previous studies, such as the angle-dependent Hawking temperature and the soft graviton theorem, can be easily reproduced using these dressed coordinates. Finally, we discuss future possible applications of dressed coordinates toward understanding the information loss paradox., Comment: 19 pages, 2 figures

In this paper, we study codimension two holography in flat spacetimes, based on the idea of the wedge holography. We propose that a region in a $d+1$ dimensional flat spacetime surrounded by two end of the world-branes, which are given by $d$ dimensional hyperbolic spaces, is dual to a conformal field theory (CFT) on a $d-1$ dimensional sphere. Similarly, we also propose that a $d+1$ dimensional region in the flat spacetime bounded by two $d$ dimensional de Sitter spaces is holographically dual to a CFT on a $d-1$ dimensional sphere. Our calculations of the partition function, holographic entanglement entropy and two point functions, support these duality relations and imply that such CFTs are non-unitary. Finally, we glue these two dualities along null surfaces to realize a codimension two holography for a full Minkowski spacetime and discuss a possible connection to the celestial holography., Comment: 42 pages, 12 figures

Nonlinear phenomena in physical systems can be used for brain-inspired computing with low energy consumption. Response from the dynamics of a topological spin structure called skyrmion is one of the candidates for such a neuromorphic computing. However, its ability has not been well explored experimentally. Here, we experimentally demonstrate neuromorphic computing using nonlinear response originating from magnetic-field induced dynamics of skyrmions. We designed a simple-structured skyrmion-based neuromorphic device and succeeded in handwritten digit recognition with the accuracy as large as 94.7 % and waveform recognition. Notably, there exists a positive correlation between the recognition accuracy and the number of skyrmions in the devices. The large degree of freedoms of skyrmion systems, such as the position and the size, originate the more complex nonlinear mapping and the larger output dimension, and thus high accuracy. Our results provide a guideline for developing energy-saving and high-performance skyrmion neuromorphic computing devices.

Photodetection is an indispensable function of optoelectronic devices in modern communication and sensing systems. Contrary to the near-infrared/visible regions, the fast and sensitive photodetectors operated at room temperature for the far-infrared/terahertz regions are not well developed despite a possibly vast range of applications. The bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) in single-phase noncentrosymmetric materials based on the shift current mechanism enables less-dissipative energy conversion endowed with instantaneous responsivity owing to the quantum-mechanical geometric phase of electronic states. Nevertheless, the small-band-gap material for the low-energy BPVE inevitably suffers from the thermal noise due to the intrinsically high conductivity. Here, we demonstrate the shift current induced by soft-phonon excitations without creation of electron-hole pairs in the archetypal ferroelectric BaTiO3 by using the terahertz light, whose energy scale is three orders of magnitude smaller than the electronic band gap. At and above room temperature, we observe appreciable photocurrents caused by the soft-phonon excitation as large as that for electronic excitation and their strong phonon-mode dependence. The observed phonon-driven BPVE can be well accounted for by the shift current model considering the electron-phonon coupling in the displacement-type ferroelectrics as supported by the first-principles calculation. Our findings establish the efficient quantum BPVE arising from low-energy elementary excitations, suggesting the novel principle for the high-performance terahertz photodetectors., Comment: 25 pages, 8 figures

The quest for nonmagnetic Weyl semimetals with high tunability of phase has remained a demanding challenge. As the symmetry breaking control parameter, the ferroelectric order can be steered to turn on/off the Weyl semimetals phase, adjust the band structures around the Fermi level, and enlarge/shrink the momentum separation of Weyl nodes which generate the Berry curvature as the emergent magnetic field. Here, we report the realization of a ferroelectric nonmagnetic Weyl semimetal based on indium doped Pb1 xSnxTe alloy where the underlying inversion symmetry as well as mirror symmetry is broken with the strength of ferroelectricity adjustable via tuning indium doping level and Sn/Pb ratio. The transverse thermoelectric effect, i.e., Nernst effect both for out of plane and in plane magnetic field geometry, is exploited as a Berry curvature sensitive experimental probe to manifest the generation of Berry curvature via the redistribution of Weyl nodes under magnetic fields. The results demonstrate a clean non-magnetic Weyl semimetal coupled with highly tunable ferroelectric order, providing an ideal platform for manipulating the Weyl fermions in nonmagnetic system., Comment: 20 pages, 4 figures

Epitaxial thin films of (Sn$_{x}$Pb$_{1-x}$)$_{1-y}$In$_{y}$Te were successfully grown by molecular-beam-epitaxy (MBE) in a broad range of compositions (0 $\leq$ x $\leq$ 1, 0 $\leq$ y $\leq$ 0.23). We investigated electronic phases of the films by the measurements of electrical transport and optical second harmonic generation. In this system, one can control the inversion of band gap, the electric polarization that breaks the inversion symmetry, and the Fermi level position by tuning the Pb/Sn ratio and In composition. A plethora of topological electronic phases are expected to emerge, such as topological crystalline insulator, topological semimetal, and superconductivity. For the samples with large Sn compositions (x > 0.5), hole density increases with In composition (y), which results in the appearance of superconductivity. On the other hand, for those with small Sn compositions (x < 0.5), increase in In composition reduces the hole density and changes the carrier type from p-type to n-type. In a narrow region centered at (x, y) = (0.16, 0.07) where the n-type carriers are slightly doped, charge transport with high mobility exceeding 5,000 cm$^{2}$V$^{-1}$s$^{-1}$ shows up, representing the possible semimetal states. In those samples, the optical second harmonic generation measurement shows the breaking of inversion symmetry along the out-of-plane [111] direction, which ensures the presence of polar semimetal state. The thin films of (Sn$_{x}$Pb$_{1-x}$)$_{1-y}$In$_{y}$Te materials systems with a variety of electronic states would become a promising materials platform for the exploration of novel quantum phenomena.

Nonreciprocal devices that allow the light propagation in only one direction are indispensable in photonic circuits and emerging quantum technologies. Contemporary optical isolators and circulators, however, require large size or strong magnetic fields because of the general weakness of magnetic light-matter interactions, which hinders their integration into photonic circuits. Aiming at stronger magneto-optical couplings, a promising approach is to utilize nonlinear optical processes. Here, we demonstrate nonreciprocal magnetoelectric second harmonic generation (SHG) in CuB2O4. SHG transmission changes by almost 100% in a magnetic-field reversal of just 10 mT. The observed nonreciprocity results from an interference between the magnetic-dipole- and electric-dipole-type SHG. Even though the former is usually notoriously smaller than the latter, it is found that a resonantly enhanced magnetic-dipole-transition has a comparable amplitude as non-resonant electric-dipole-transition, leading to the near-perfect nonreciprocity. This mechanism could form one of the fundamental bases of nonreciprocity in multiferroics, which is transferable to a plethora of magnetoelectric systems to realize future nonreciprocal and nonlinear-optical devices., Comment: 21 pages, 4 figures

One of the key technologies in spintronics is to tame spin-orbit coupling (SOC) that links spin and motion of electrons, giving rise to intriguing magneto-transport properties in itinerant magnets. Prominent examples of such SOC-based phenomena are anomalous and topological Hall effects. However, controlling them by electric field has remained unachieved since electric field tends to be screened in itinerant magnets. Here we demonstrate that both anomalous and topological Hall effects can be modulated by electric field in oxide heterostructures consisting of ferromagnetic SrRuO$_{3}$ and nonmagnetic SrIrO$_{3}$. We observed clear electric-field effect only when SrIrO$_{3}$ is inserted between SrRuO$_{3}$ and a gate dielectric. Our results establish that strong SOC of nonmagnetic materials such as SrIrO$_{3}$ is essential in electrical tuning of these Hall effects and possibly other SOC-related phenomena., Comment: 23 pages, 4 figures; revised version has been published in Nat. Commun. 9, 213 (2018)

Polar magnetic states are realized in pseudocubic manganite thin films fabricated on high-index substrates, in which a Jahn-Teller (JT) distortion remains an active variable. Several types of orbital-orders were found to develop large optical second harmonic generation, signaling broken-inversion-symmetry distinct from their bulk forms and films on (100) substrates. The observed symmetry-lifting and first-principles calculation both indicate that the modified JT q2 mode drives Mn-site off-centering upon orbital order, leading to the possible cooperation of "Mn-site polarization" and magnetism., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures