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48 results on '"Ogawa, Michihiro"'

8. Extreme High Aspect Ratio RDL Patterning with Low Temperature Curable Polyimide using Double Patterning Technology

Author

Toshihide Aoshima, Takanori Koizumi, Asakawa Daisuke, Ogawa Michihiro, Yuki Sakamoto, Atsushi Nakamura, Naoki Sato, and Hitoshi Noguchi

Subjects
Materials science, High-temperature superconductivity, business.industry, Modulus, Temperature measurement, law.invention, law, visual_art, Trench, Electronic component, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Multiple patterning, Optoelectronics, business, Curing (chemistry), Polyimide
Abstract

In this paper, extreme high aspect ratio RDL patterning technologies using double patterning technology and low temperature curable polyimide is demonstrated. The extreme high aspect ratio patterning is realized by combination of 1st and 2nd patterning before curing, and was used to successfully form both trench and via patterns, as well as combination of via and trench. The aspect ratio was measured by cross-sectional observation of the resulting pattern using an electron microscope, and was found to be over 8 after curing. Finally, a PI film was formed using the double patterning technology, and a single curing step was applied to obtain a permanent film, with reliability evaluation performed using biased HAST and HTS test. Furthermore, the elongation at break and modulus were measured through stress-strain curve. The results of biased HAST and HTS, as well as mechanical property measurements, are promising. The PI permanent film formed by double patterning and obtained by single curing is homogenized, passes the reliability evaluation, and can be applied to actual devices.

Published
2021
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11. The structure of coasting trade in British India from 1905 to 1931

Author

Ogawa, Michihiro, Osada, Noriyuki, and Tsubota, Kenmei

Subjects
Coasting trade, JEL:N75 - Asia including Middle East, JEL:F15 - Economic Integration, JEL:R40 - General, International trade, South Asia, Intra-regional trade
Abstract

During the early 20th century, South Asia experienced its most regionally integrated period in history, and under British rule, port cities were well connected via coasting trade. This paper examines the trade structure within British India between 1905 to 1931 and shows how South Asia was regionally integrated both through quantitative measures and various maps.

Published
2018

39. 南アジア.

Author

Ogawa Michihiro and Mise Toshiyuki

Published
2013

41. The Whole-genome Sequencing of the Obligate Intracellular Bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi Revealed Massive Gene Amplification During Reductive Genome Evolution.

Author

Nakayama, Keisuke, Yamashita, Atsushi, Kurokawa, Ken, Morimoto, Takuya, Ogawa, Michihiro, Fukuhara, Masahiro, Urakami, Hiroshi, Ohnishi, Makoto, Uchiyama, Ikuo, Ogura, Yoshitoshi, Ooka, Tadasuke, Oshima, Kenshiro, Tamura, Akira, Hattori, Masahira, and Hayashi, Tetsuya

Abstract

Scrub typhus (‘Tsutsugamushi’ disease in Japanese) is a mite-borne infectious disease. The causative agent is Orientia tsutsugamushi, an obligate intracellular bacterium belonging to the family Rickettsiaceae of the subdivision alpha-Proteobacteria. In this study, we determined the complete genome sequence of O. tsutsugamushi strain Ikeda, which comprises a single chromosome of 2 008 987 bp and contains 1967 protein coding sequences (CDSs). The chromosome is much larger than those of other members of Rickettsiaceae, and 46.7% of the sequence was occupied by repetitive sequences derived from an integrative and conjugative element, 10 types of transposable elements, and seven types of short repeats of unknown origins. The massive amplification and degradation of these elements have generated a huge number of repeated genes (1196 CDSs, categorized into 85 families), many of which are pseudogenes (766 CDSs), and also induced intensive genome shuffling. By comparing the gene content with those of other family members of Rickettsiacea, we identified the core gene set of the family Rickettsiaceae and found that, while much more extensive gene loss has taken place among the housekeeping genes of Orientia than those of Rickettsia, O. tsutsugamushi has acquired a large number of foreign genes. The O. tsutsugamushi genome sequence is thus a prominent example of the high plasticity of bacterial genomes, and provides the genetic basis for a better understanding of the biology of O. tsutsugamushi and the pathogenesis of ‘Tsutsugamushi’ disease. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2008
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42. Synthesis and Evaluation of WaterSoluble Fluorinated Dendritic BlockCopolymer Nanoparticles as a 19FMRI Contrast Agent

Author

Ogawa, Michihiro, Nitahara, Satoshi, Aoki, Hiroyuki, Ito, Shinzaburo, Narazaki, Michiko, and Matsuda, Tetsuya

Abstract

Welldefined watersoluble fluorinated polymer nanoparticles PNPs with a high fluorine content and biocompatibility were successfully prepared by living radical polymerization LRP of 2,2,3,3tetrafluoropropyl methacrylate TFPMA from the polyamidoamine dendrimer macroinitiator PAMAMBr, and successive block polymerization of carboxybetaine monomer CMB. The obtained core–shell type PNPs PAMAMgPTFPMAbPCMB showed high solubility in water and a spherelike structure with a diameter in the range of 15–80 nm in water. The short 19FNMR spin–lattice relaxation time T1 <250 ms of PAMAMgPTFPMAbPCMB allowed the use of fast repetition time. The spin–spin relaxation time T2 was evaluated to be as low as 10 ms. 19FMRI in vitro signals can be detectable even at concentrations lower than 1 µMparticle concentration. These results demonstrate that a new type of 19FMRI contrast agent can be developed by the molecular design using the dendrimerinitiated LRP method.

Published
2010
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43. Fluorinated Polymer Nanoparticles as a Novel 19F MRI Contrast Agent Prepared by DendrimerInitiated Living Radical Polymerization

Author

Ogawa, Michihiro, Nitahara, Satoshi, Aoki, Hiroyuki, Ito, Shinzaburo, Narazaki, Michiko, and Matsuda, Tetsuya

Abstract

Novel fluorinated polymer nanoparticles PNPs for 19F MRI were prepared by living radical polymerization initiated by a dendrimer. The dendritic macroinitiator with Br substituents was synthesized from hydroxygroupterminated G2 polyamidoamine dendrimers. The arborescent fluorinated polymers of 2,2,3,3tetrafluoropropyl methacrylate and 2,2,2trifluoroethyl methacrylate were characterized in molecular weight, the number of arms, the degree of polymerization per arm, and the diameter as a whole. The PNP diameter was precisely controlled by the molecular weight in the range of 3–25 nm. In addition, the fluorinated PNP gave a narrow resonance by 19F NMR spectroscopy. These results indicate that the fluorinated PNP can be used as a new type of 19F MRI agent.

Published
2010
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44. Behavior of Elements in the Takahashi, Japan River Basin

Author

Teraoka, Hisayuki and Ogawa, Michihiro

Abstract

Concentrations of 22 elements in suspended and dissolved solids in rivers, various sieved particles, and interstitial waters of dam sediments were determined in the Takahashi River Basin on whose estuary stands the Mizushima industrial area, one of the biggest in Japan. In this basin, because of the increased atmospheric pollution, the input of the volatile elements Zn, Cd, Sn, Pb, and Ag from the atmosphere was found to be markedly greater than the theoretical concentration derived from the basin rocks. Copper, chromium, cobalt, iron, nickel, and manganese showed about the same tendencies. These elements were already enriched, even in suspended solids of waters collected near the watershed. Thus, it is suggested that the enrichments of trace elements in suspended solids must occur not only after being suspended in river water, but also in fine solids of topsoil of the watershed. Thus, the increase of trace elements delivered from the atmosphere must bring about the great enrichments in suspended and dissolved solids in river as well as in topsoil and its interstitial water of the river basin.

Published
1984
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