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91 results on '"Ogallo, Laban"'

2. Tools and Procedures for Seasonal Downscaling of Climate Forecasts for Use by Farmers Over the Greater Horn of Africa: A Case Study for Western Kenya

Author

Mwesigwa, Jasper Batureine, Ouma, Gilbert Ongisa, Ouma, Jully Odhiambo, Lutta, Ismael Mulama, Mwangi, Samuel Gathara, Ogallo, Laban Ayieko, Leal Filho, Walter, Series editor, Belay, Simane, editor, Kalangu, Jokasha, editor, Menas, Wuta, editor, Munishi, Pantaleo, editor, and Musiyiwa, Kumbirai, editor

Published
2017
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5. Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Suitability of Banana Crop Production to Future Climate Change Over Uganda

Author

Sabiiti, Geoffrey, primary, Ininda, Joseph Mwalichi, additional, Ogallo, Laban Ayieko, additional, Ouma, Jully, additional, Artan, Guleid, additional, Basalirwa, Charles, additional, Opijah, Franklin, additional, Nimusiima, Alex, additional, Ddumba, Saul Daniel, additional, Mwesigwa, Jasper Batureine, additional, Otieno, George, additional, and Nanteza, Jamiat, additional

Published
2017
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6. Advancing Weather and Climate Forecasting for our Changing World

Author

Brunet, Gilbert, primary, Parsons, David B., additional, Ivanov, Dimitar, additional, Lee, Boram, additional, Bauer, Peter, additional, Bernier, Natacha B., additional, Bouchet, Veronique, additional, Brown, Andy, additional, Busalacchi, Antonio, additional, Flatter, Georgina Campbell, additional, Goffer, Rei, additional, Davies, Paul, additional, Ebert, Beth, additional, Gutbrod, Karl, additional, Hong, Songyou, additional, Kenabatho, P.K., additional, Koppert, Hans-Joachim, additional, Lesolle, David, additional, Lynch, Amanda, additional, Mahfouf, Jean-François, additional, Ogallo, Laban, additional, Palmer, Tim, additional, Pelesikoti, Netatua, additional, Petty, Kevin, additional, Schulze, Dennis, additional, Shepherd, Theodore G., additional, Stocker, Thomas F., additional, Thorpe, Alan, additional, and Yu, Rucong, additional

Published
2022
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12. Vulnerability to epidemic malaria in the highlands of Lake Victoria basin: the role of climate change/variability, hydrology and socio-economic factors

Author

Wandiga, Shem O., Opondo, Maggie, Olago, Daniel, Githeko, Andrew, Githui, Faith, Marshall, Michael, Downs, Tim, Opere, Alfred, Oludhe, Christopher, Ouma, Gilbert O., Yanda, Pius Z., Kangalawe, Richard, Kabumbuli, Robert, Kathuri, James, Apindi, Eugene, Olaka, Lydia, Ogallo, Laban, Mugambi, Paul, Sigalla, Rehema, Nanyunja, Robinah, Baguma, Timothy, and Achola, Pius

Published
2010
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14. Trends of intraseasonal descriptors of wet and dry spells over equatorial eastern Africa

Author

Gitau , Wilson, Camberlin , Pierre, Ogallo , Laban, Bosire , Emily, Department of Meteorology, University of Nairobi ( UoN ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Climate Prediction and Applications Centre ( ICPAC ), and IGAD

Subjects
trends, eastern Africa, wet and dry spells, climate change, [ SDU.STU.CL ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, intraseasonal
Abstract

12 pages; International audience; Many African countries whose economies are largely based on weather/climate sensitive sectors are vulnerable to long‐term changes in weather and climate. This study is aimed at assessing whether the recent decades have observed any significant trend in the intraseasonal descriptors (ISDs) of wet and dry spells at local and sub‐regional levels at seasonal and monthly timescales over equatorial eastern Africa (EEA). Daily rainfall observations over 36 stations and spanning a period of 51 years (1962–2012) were used.The study has expanded on previous results that showed contrasting trends on seasonal totals between the two rainfall seasons by demonstrating that this also affects the ISDs. At the local level, it was observed that during the long rainfall season, a given ISD would have a significant trend over several neighbouring locations, which was not the case during the short rainfall season. Secondly, for the short rainfall season, a given location would have significant trend in several ISDs. Finally, when a given ISD had a significant trend at seasonal timescale during the long rainfall season, the same ISD would have significant trends in the second and third months of the season and rarely in the first month. Such a feature was not observed for the short rainfall season. Binomial probability distribution assessment confirmed that the significant trends in the various ISDs during the long rainfall season did not occur by mere chance.

Published
2018
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16. State of the Climate in 2010

Author

Achberger, Christine, Ackerman, Steven A., Ahlstrom, A., Alfaro, Eric J., Allan, Robert J., Alves, Robert J., Amador, Jorge A., Amelie, Vincent, Andrianjafinirina, Solonomenjanahary, Antonov, John, Arndt, Derek S., Ashik, Igor, Atheru, Zachary, Attaher, Samar M., Baez, Julian, Banzon, Viva, Baringer, Molly O., Barreira, Sandra, Barriopedro, David, Barthia, Pawan K., Beal, Lisa M., Becker, Andreas, Behrenfeld, Michael J., Bell, Gerald D., Belward, Alan S., Benedetti, Angela, Berrisford, Paul, Berry, David I., Beszczynska-Moeller, Agnieszka, Bhatt, Uma S., Bidegain, Mario, Bindoff, Nathaniel L., Bissolli, Peter, Blake, Eric S., Blunden, Jessica, Booneeady, Prithiviraj, Bosilovich, Michael G., Boudet, Dagne R., Box, Jason E., Boyer, Timothy P., Bromwich, David H., Brown, Ross, Bryden, Harry L., Bulygina, Olga N., Burrows, John, Butler, J., Cais, Philippe, Calderon, Blanca, Callaghan, T. V., Camargo, Suzana J., Cappelen, John, Carmack, Eddy, Chambers, Don P., Chelliah, Muthuvel, Chidichimo, Maria P., Christiansen, H., Christy, John, Coehlo, Caio A. S., Colwell, Steve, Comiso, Josefino C., Compo, Gilber P., Crouch, Jake, Cunningham, Stuart A., Cutie, Virgen C., Dai, Aiguo, Davydova-Belitskaya, Valentina, Jeu, Richard, Decker, David, Dee, Dick, Demircan, M., Derksen, Chris, Diamond, Howard J., Dlugokencky, Howard, Dohan, Kathleen, Dolman, A. Johannes, Dorigo, Wouter, Drozdov, Dmitry S., Durack, Paul J., Dutton, Geoffrey S., Easterling, David, Ebita, Ayataka, Eischeid, Jon, Elkins, James W., Epstein, Howard E., Euscategui, Christian, Faijka-Williams, Eleanor, Famiglietti, James S., Faniriantsoa, Rija, Feely, Richard A., Fekete, Balazs M., Fenimore, Chris, Fettweis, Xavier, Field, Eric, Fioletov, Vitali E., Fogarty, Vitali E., Fogt, Ryan L., Forbes, B. C., Foster, Michael J., Frajka-Williams, E., Free, Melissa, Frolov, Ivan, Ganesan, A. L., Ganter, Catherine, Gibney, Ethan J., Gill, Stephen, Gill, M., Gitau, Wilson, Gleason, Karin L., Gobron, Nadine, Goldenberg, Stanley B., Goni, Gustavo J., Gonzalez, Idelmis G., Good, Simon A., Gottschalck, Jonathan, Gould, William A., Gouveia, Celia M., Griffiths, Georgina M., Guard, Chip, Guevara, Vladimir V., Haas, C., Hall, Bradley D., Halpert, Michael S., Heidinger, Andrew K., Heil, A., Heim, Richard R., Hennon, Paula A., Henry, Greg H. R., Hidalgo, Hugo G., Hilburn, Kyle, Hirschi, Joel J. M., Ho, Shu-Peng, Hobgood, Jay S., Hoerling, Martin, Holgate, Simon, Hook, Simon J., Hugony, Sebastien, Hurst, D., Ishihara, Hiroshi, Itoh, M., Jaimes, Ena, Jeffries, Martin, Jia, Gensu J., Jin, Xiangze, John, William E., Johnson, Bryan, Johnson, Gregory C., Jones, Philip D., Jumaux, Guillaume, Kabidi, Khadija, Kaiser, Johannes W., Kanzow, Torsten O., Kaplan, Alexey, Kearns, Edward J., Keller, Linda M., Kennedy, John J., Khatiwala, Samar, Kholodov, Alexander, Khoshkam, Mahbobeh, Kikuchi, T., Kimberlain, Todd B., Knaff, John A., Kobayashi, Shinya, Kokelj, Steve V., Korshunova, Natalia N., Kratz, David P., Krishfield, Richard, Kruger, Andries, Kruk, Michael C., Kumar Arun, Lammers, Richard B., Lander, Mark A., Landsea, Chris W., Lantuit, Hugues, Lantz, Trevor C., Lapinel, Braulio P., Lareef, Zubair, Lazzara, Matthew A., Leon, Antonia L., Leon, Gloria, Lauliette, Eric, Levitus, Sydney, Levy, Joel M., L Heureux, Michelle, Lin, I. I., Liu, Hongxing, Liu, Yanju, Liu, Yi, Loeb, Norman G., Long, Craig S., Lorrey, Andrew M., Lumpkin, Rick, Luo, Jing-Jia, Lyman, John M., Macdonald, Alison M., Maddux, Brent C., Maier, Frank, Malkova, Galina, Marchenko, Sergey, Marengo, Jose A., Maritorena, Stephane, Marotzke, Jochem, Martinez Guingla, Rodney, Maslanik, Jochem, Masson, Robert A., Mcbride, Charlotte, Mcgree, Simon, Mclaughlin, Fiona, Mcpeters, Rich, Mcvicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl A., Medany, Mahmoud A., Meier, Walt, Meinen, Christopher S., Merrifield, Mark A., Miller, Laury, Mitchum, Gary T., Montzka, Steve, Morcrette, Jean-Jacques, Mote, Thomas, Muhle, Jens, Mullan, A. Brett, Murray, Don, Nash, Eric R., Nerem, Steven R., Newman, Paul A., Nishino, S., Njau, Leonard, Noetzli, J., Oberbauer, S. F., Oberman, Naum, Obregon, Andre, Ogallo, Laban, Oludhe, Christopher, O Malley, Robert T., Overland, James, Park, Geun-Ha, Parker, David E., Pasch, Richard J., Pegion, Phil, Peltier, Alexandre, Pelto, Mauri S., Penalba, Olga C., Perez, Ramon S., Perlwitz, Judith, Perovich, Donald, Peterson, Thomas C., Pezza, Alexandre B., Phillips, David, Pinzon, Jorge E., Pitts, Michael C., Proshutinsky, A., Quegan, S., Quintana, Juan, Quintero, Alexander, Rabe, B., Rahimzadeh, Fatemeh, Rajeevan, Madhavan, Rayner, Darren, Rayner, Nick A., Raynolds, Martha K., Razuvaev, Vyacheslav N., Reagan, James R., Reid, Phillip, Renwick, James A., Revadekar, Jayashree, Reynolds, Richard W., Richter-Menge, Jacqueline, Rignot, Eric, Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Rogers, Mark, Romanovsky, Vladimir, Romero-Cruz, Fernando, Ronchail, Josyane, Rosenlof, Karen, Rossi, Shawn, Rutledge, Glenn, Saatchi, Sassan, Sabine, Christopher L., Saha, Suranjana, Sanchez-Lugo, Ahira, Santee, Michelle L., Sato, Hitoshi, Sawaengphokhai, P., Sayouri, Amal, Scambos, Ted A., Schauer, U., Schemm, Jae, Schmid, Claudia, Schneider, Philipp, Schueller, Dominique, Sensoy, Serhat, Sharp, Martin, Shaver, Gus R., Shiklomanov, Alexander, Shiklomanov, N., Shimada, Koji, Siegel, David A., Simmons, Adrian, Skansi, Maria, Smith, Adam, Smith, Cathy, Smith, S., Smith, Thomas M., Sokolov, Vladimir, Spence, Jacqueline M., Srivastava, Arvind Kumar, Stackhouse, Paul W., Stammerjohn, Sharon, Steele, Mike, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Stephenson, Tannecia S., Stolarski, Richard S., Tahani, Lloyd, Takahashi, Taro, Taylor, Michael A., Thepaut, Jean-Noel, Thiaw, Wassila M., Thorne, Peter W., Timmermans, M. L., Tobin, Skie, Toole, John, Trewin, Blair C., Trigo, Ricardo M., Tucker, Compton J., Tweedie, Craig E., As, D., Wal, R. S. W., A, Ronald J., Werf, G. R., Vautard, Robert, Vieira, G., Vincent, Lucie A., Vinther, Lucie A., Vinther, B., Vose, Russell, Wagner, Wolfgang, Wahr, John, Walker, David A., Walsh, John, Wang, Chunzai, Wang, Junhong, Wang, Lei, Wang, Muyin, Wang, Sheng-Hung, Wanninkhof, Rik, Weaver, Scott, Webber, Patrick J., Weber, Mark, Weller, Robert A., Weyman, James, Whitewood, Robert, Wijffels, Susan E., Wilber, Anne C., Willett, Katharine M., Williams, W., Willis, Joshua K., Wolken, Gabriel, Wong, Takmeng, Woodgate, Rebecca, Woodworth, Philip, Wovrosh, Alex J., Xue, Yan, Michiyo Yamamoto-Kawai, Yin, Xungang, Yu, Lisan, Zhang, Liangying, Zhang, Peiqun, Zhao, L., Zhou, Xinjia, and Zimmermann, S.

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 13. Climate action, Earth science, Environmental science, Thermal state, 14. Life underwater, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 16. Peace & justice, Permafrost, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Several large-scale climate patterns influenced climate conditions and weather patterns across the globe during 2010. The transition from a warm El Niño phase at the beginning of the year to a cool La Niña phase by July contributed to many notable events, ranging from record wetness across much of Australia to historically low Eastern Pacific basin and near-record high North Atlantic basin hurricane activity. The remaining five main hurricane basins experienced below- to well-below-normal tropical cyclone activity. The negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation was a major driver of Northern Hemisphere temperature patterns during 2009/10 winter and again in late 2010. It contributed to record snowfall and unusually low temperatures over much of northern Eurasia and parts of the United States, while bringing above-normal temperatures to the high northern latitudes. The February Arctic Oscillation Index value was the most negative since records began in 1950. The 2010 average global land and ocean surface temperature was among the two warmest years on record. The Arctic continued to warm at about twice the rate of lower latitudes. The eastern and tropical Pacific Ocean cooled about 1°C from 2009 to 2010, reflecting the transition from the 2009/10 El Niño to the 2010/11 La Niña. Ocean heat fluxes contributed to warm sea surface temperature anomalies in the North Atlantic and the tropical Indian and western Pacific Oceans. Global integrals of upper ocean heat content for the past several years have reached values consistently higher than for all prior times in the record, demonstrating the dominant role of the ocean in the Earth's energy budget. Deep and abyssal waters of Antarctic origin have also trended warmer on average since the early 1990s. Lower tropospheric temperatures typically lag ENSO surface fluctuations by two to four months, thus the 2010 temperature was dominated by the warm phase El Niño conditions that occurred during the latter half of 2009 and early 2010 and was second warmest on record. The stratosphere continued to be anomalously cool. Annual global precipitation over land areas was about five percent above normal. Precipitation over the ocean was drier than normal after a wet year in 2009. Overall, saltier (higher evaporation) regions of the ocean surface continue to be anomalously salty, and fresher (higher precipitation) regions continue to be anomalously fresh. This salinity pattern, which has held since at least 2004, suggests an increase in the hydrological cycle. Sea ice conditions in the Arctic were significantly different than those in the Antarctic during the year. The annual minimum ice extent in the Arctic—reached in September—was the third lowest on record since 1979. In the Antarctic, zonally averaged sea ice extent reached an all-time record maximum from mid-June through late August and again from mid-November through early December. Corresponding record positive Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode Indices influenced the Antarctic sea ice extents. Greenland glaciers lost more mass than any other year in the decade-long record. The Greenland Ice Sheet lost a record amount of mass, as the melt rate was the highest since at least 1958, and the area and duration of the melting was greater than any year since at least 1978. High summer air temperatures and a longer melt season also caused a continued increase in the rate of ice mass loss from small glaciers and ice caps in the Canadian Arctic. Coastal sites in Alaska show continuous permafrost warming and sites in Alaska, Canada, and Russia indicate more significant warming in relatively cold permafrost than in warm permafrost in the same geographical area. With regional differences, permafrost temperatures are now up to 2°C warmer than they were 20 to 30 years ago. Preliminary data indicate there is a high probability that 2010 will be the 20th consecutive year that alpine glaciers have lost mass. Atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations continued to rise and ozone depleting substances continued to decrease. Carbon dioxide increased by 2.60 ppm in 2010, a rate above both the 2009 and the 1980–2010 average rates. The global ocean carbon dioxide uptake for the 2009 transition period from La Niña to El Niño conditions, the most recent period for which analyzed data are available, is estimated to be similar to the long-term average. The 2010 Antarctic ozone hole was among the lowest 20% compared with other years since 1990, a result of warmer-than-average temperatures in the Antarctic stratosphere during austral winter between mid-July and early September.

Published
2011
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19. Oceanic and atmospheric linkages with short rainfall season intraseasonal statistics over Equatorial Eastern Africa and their predictive potential

Author

Gitau , Wilson, Camberlin , Pierre, Ogallo , Laban, Okoola , Raphael, Department of Meteorology, University of Nairobi ( UoN ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Climate Prediction and Applications Centre ( ICPAC ), and IGAD

Subjects
wet and dry spells, Indian Ocean Dipole, sea surface temperature, predictability, intraseasonal statistics, equatorial Eastern Africa, Bay of Bengal, [ SDU.STU.CL ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology
Abstract

18 pages; International audience; Despite earlier studies over various parts of the world including equatorial Eastern Africa (EEA) showing that intraseasonal statistics of wet and dry spells have spatially coherent signals and thus greater predictability potential, no attempts have been made to identify the predictors for these intraseasonal statistics. This study therefore attempts to identify the predictors (with a 1-month lead time) for some of the subregional intraseasonal statistics of wet and dry spells (SRISS) which showed the greatest predictability potential during the short rainfall season over EEA. Correlation analysis between the SRISS and seasonal rainfall totals on one hand and the predefined predictors on the other hand were initially computed and those that were significant at 95% confidence levels retained. To identify additional potential predictors, partial correlation analyses were undertaken between SRISS and large-scale oceanic and atmospheric fields while controlling the effects of the predefined predictors retained earlier. Cross-validated multivariate linear regression (MLR) models were finally developed and their residuals assessed for independence and for normal distribution. Four large-scale oceanic and atmospheric predictors with robust physical/dynamical linkages with SRISS were identified for the first time. The cross-validated MLR models for the SRISS of wet spells and seasonal rainfall totals mainly picked two of these predictors around the Bay of Bengal. The two predictors combined accounted for 39.5% of the magnitude of the SST changes between the July–August and October–November–December periods over the Western Pole of the Indian Ocean Dipole, subsequently impacting EEA rainfall. MLR models were defined yielding cross-validated correlations between observed and predicted values of seasonal totals and number of wet days ranging from 0.60 to 0.75, depending on the subregion. MLR models could not be developed over a few of the subregions suggesting that the local factors could have masked the global and regional signals encompassed in the additional potential predictors.

Published
2015
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21. Adapter localement les prévisions climatiques saisonnières : désagrégation stochastique et interpolation spatiale

Author

Camberlin , Pierre, Baron , C., Bois , Benjamin, Boyard-Micheau , Joseph, Gitau , Wilson, Moron , Vincent, Oettli , Pascal, Ogallo , Laban, Philippon , Nathalie, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Department of Meteorology, University of Nairobi (UoN), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Earth and Planetary Science [Tokyo], The University of Tokyo, Climate Prediction and Applications Centre (ICPAC), IGAD, M. Boko, E.W. Vissin & F. Afouda, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Graduate School of Science [Tokyo], The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Laffont, Rémi, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale ( UMR TETIS ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture ( IRSTEA ), University of Nairobi ( UoN ), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement de géosciences de l'environnement ( CEREGE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), and Climate Prediction and Applications Centre ( ICPAC )

Subjects
P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, F01 - Culture des plantes, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, désagrégation, générateur stochastique, précipitations, rendements, prévision saisonnière, [ SDU.STU.GC ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry
Abstract

6 pages; International audience; Un panorama est fait des méthodes de descente d’échelles permettant de passer de prévisions climatiques saisonnières de large-échelle à des séries locales journalières. L’exemple des générateurs stochastiques de temps est appliqué à la prévision des récoltes de sorgho au Kenya, dans le cadre du programme ANR PICREVAT. Une méthode d’interpolation spatiale des paramètres des générateurs est testée, pour obtenir des séries journalières de précipitations en tout point du territoire. Les séries générées sont utilisées en entrée du modèle agronomique SARRA-H.

Published
2013

22. State of the Climate in 2012

Author

Blunden, Jessica, Arndt, Derek S., Achberger, Christine, Ackerman, Stephen A., Albanil, Adelina, Alexander, P., Alfaro, Eric J., Allan, Rob, Alves, Lincoln M., Amador, Jorge A., Ambenje, Peter, Andrianjafinirina, Solonomenjanahary, Antonov, John, Aravequia, Jose A., Arendt, A., Arevalo, Juan, Ashik, I., Atheru, Zachary, Banzon, Viva, Baringer, Molly O., Barreira, Sandra, Barriopedro, David E., Beard, Grant, Becker, Andreas, Behrenfeld, Michael J., Bell, Gerald D., Benedetti, Angela, Bernhard, Germar, Berrisford, Paul, Berry, David I., Bhatt, U., Bidegain, Mario, Bindoff, Nathan, Bissolli, Peter, Blake, Eric S., Booneeady, Raj, Bosilovich, Michael, Box, J. E., Boyer, Tim, Braathen, Geir O., Bromwich, David H., Brown, R., Brown, L., Bruhwiler, Lori, Bulygina, Olga N., Burgess, D., Burrows, John, Calderon, Blanca, Camargo, Suzana J., Campbell, Jayaka, Cao, Y., Cappelen, J., Carrasco, Gualberto, Chambers, Don P., Chang A, L., Chappell, Petra, Chehade, Wissam, Cheliah, Muthuvel, Christiansen, Hanne H., Christy, John R., Ciais, Phillipe, Coelho, Caio A. S., Cogley, J. G., Colwell, Steve, Cross, J. N., Crouch, Jake, Cunningham, Stuart A., Dacic, Milan, Jeu, Richard A. M., Dekaa, Francis S., Demircan, Mesut, Derksen, C., Diamond, Howard J., Dlugokencky, Ed J., Dohan, Kathleen, Dolman, A. Johannes, Domingues, Catia M., Dong Shenfu, Dorigo, Wouter A., Drozdov, D. S., Duguay, Claude R., Dunn, Robert J. H., Duran-Quesada, Ana M., Dutton, Geoff S., Ehmann, Christian, Elkins, James W., Euscategui, Christian, Famiglietti, James S., Fang Fan, Fauchereau, Nicolas, Feely, Richard A., Fekete, Balazs M., Fenimore, Chris, Fioletov, Vitali E., Fogarty, Chris T., Fogt, Ryan L., Folland, Chris K., Foster, Michael J., Frajka-Williams, Eleanor, Franz, Bryan A., Frith, Stacey H., Frolov, I., Ganter, Catherine, Garzoli, Silvia, Geai, M. -L, Gerland, S., Gitau, Wilson, Gleason, Karin L., Gobron, Nadine, Goldenberg, Stanley B., Goni, Gustavo, Good, Simon A., Gottschalck, Jonathan, Gregg, Margarita C., Griffiths, Georgina, Grooss, Jens-Uwe, Guard, Charles Chip, Gupta, Shashi K., Hall, Bradley D., Halpert, Michael S., Harada, Yayoi, Hauri, C., Heidinger, Andrew K., Heikkila, Anu, Heim, Richard R., Heimbach, Patrick, Hidalgo, Hugo G., Hilburn, Kyle, Ho, Shu-Peng, Hobbs, Will R., Holgate, Simon, Hovsepyan, Anahit, Hu Zeng-Zhen, Hughes, P., Hurst, Dale F., Ingvaldsen, R., Inness, Antje, Jaimes, Ena, Jakobsson, Martin, James, Adamu I., Jeffries, Martin O., Johns, William E., Johnsen, Bjorn, Johnson, Gregory C., Johnson, Bryan, Jones, Luke T., Jumaux, Guillaume, Kabidi, Khadija, Kaiser, Johannes W., Kamga, Andre, Kang, Kyun-Kuk, Kanzow, Torsten O., Kao, Hsun-Ying, Keller, Linda M., Kennedy, John J., Key, J., Khatiwala, Samar, Pour, H. Kheyrollah, Kholodov, A. L., Khoshkam, Mahbobeh, Kijazi, Agnes, Kikuchi, T., Kim, B. -M, Kim, S. -J, Kimberlain, Todd B., Knaff, John A., Korshunova, Natalia N., Koskela, T., Kousky, Vernon E., Kramarova, Natalya, Kratz, David P., Krishfield, R., Kruger, Andries, Kruk, Michael C., Kumar, Arun, Lagerloef, Gary S. E., Lakkala, K., Lander, Mark A., Landsea, Chris W., Lankhorst, Matthias, Laurila, T., Lazzara, Matthew A., Lee, Craig, Leuliette, Eric, Levitus, Sydney, L Heureux, Michelle, Lieser, Jan, Lin, I-I, Liu, Y. Y., Liu, Y., Liu Hongxing, Liu Yanju, Lobato-Sanchez, Rene, Locarnini, Ricardo, Loeb, Norman G., Loeng, H., Long, Craig S., Lorrey, Andrew M., Luhunga, P., Lumpkin, Rick, Luo Jing-Jia, Lyman, John M., Macdonald, Alison M., Maddux, Brent C., Malekela, C., Manney, Gloria, Marchenko, S. S., Marengo, Jose A., Marotzke, Jochem, Marra, John J., Martinez-Gueingla, Rodney, Massom, Robert A., Mathis, Jeremy T., Mcbride, Charlotte, Mccarthy, Gerard, Mcvicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl, Meier, W., Meinen, Christopher S., Menendez, Melisa, Merrifield, Mark A., Mitchard, Edward, Mitchum, Gary T., Montzka, Stephen A., Morcrette, Jean-Jacques, Mote, Thomas, Muehle, Jens, Muehr, Bernhard, Mullan, A. Brett, Mueller, Rolf, Nash, Eric R., Nerem, R. Steven, Newlin, Michele L., Newman, Paul A., Ng Ongolo, H., Nieto, Juan Jose, Nishino, S., Nitsche, Helga, Noetzli, Jeannette, Oberman, N. G., Obregon, Andre, Ogallo, Laban A., Oludhe, Christopher S., Omar, Mohamed I., Overland, James, Oyunjargal, Lamjav, Parinussa, Robert M., Park, Geun-Ha, Park, E-Hyung, David Berry, Pasch, Richard J., Pascual-Ramirez, Reynaldo, Pelto, Mauri S., Penalba, Olga, Peng, L., Perovich, Don K., Pezza, Alexandre B., Phillips, David, Pickart, R., Pinty, Bernard, Pitts, Michael C., Purkey, Sarah G., Quegan, Shaun, Quintana, Juan, Rabe, B., Rahimzadeh, Fatemeh, Raholijao, Nirivololona, Raiva, I., Rajeevan, Madhavan, Ramiandrisoa, Voahanginirina, Ramos, Alexandre, Ranivoarissoa, Sahondra, Rayner, Nick A., Rayner, Darren, Razuveav, Vyacheslav N., Reagan, James, Reid, Phillip, Renwick, James, Revedekar, Jayashree, Richter-Menge, Jacqueline, Rivera, Ingrid L., Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Romanovsky, Vladimir E., Ronchail, Josyane, Rosenlof, Karen H., Sabine, Christopher L., Salvador, Mozar A., Sanchez-Lugo, Ahira, Santee, Michelle L., Sasgen, I., Sawaengphokhai, P., Sayouri, Amal, Scambos, Ted A., Schauer, U., Schemm, Jae, Schlosser, P., Schmid, Claudia, Schreck, Carl, Semiletov, Igor, Send, Uwe, Sensoy, Serhat, Setzer, Alberto, Severinghaus, Jeffrey, Shakhova, Natalia, Sharp, M., Shiklomanov, Nicolai I., Siegel, David A., Silva, Viviane B. S., Silva, Frabricio D. S., Sima, Fatou, Simeonov, Petio, Simmonds, I., Simmons, Adrian, Skansi, Maria, Smeed, David A., Smethie, W. M., Smith, Adam B., Smith, Cathy, Smith, Sharon L., Smith, Thomas M., Sokolov, V., Srivastava, A. K., Stackhouse, Paul W., Stammerjohn, Sharon, Steele, M., Steffen, Konrad, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Stephenson, Tannecia, Su, J., Svendby, T., Sweet, William, Takahashi, Taro, Tanabe, Raymond M., Taylor, Michael A., Tedesco, Marco, Teng, William L., Thepaut, Jean-Noel, Thiaw, Wassila M., Thoman, R., Thompson, Philip, Thorne, Peter W., Timmermans, M. -L, Tobin, Skie, Toole, J., Trewin, Blair C., Trigo, Ricardo M., Trotman, Adrian, Tschudi, M., Wal, Roderik S. W., Werf, Guido R., Vautard, Robert, Vazquez, J. L., Vieira, Goncalo, Vincent, Lucie, Vose, Russ S., Wagner, Wolfgang W., Wahr, John, Walsh, J., Wang Junhong, Wang Chunzai, Wang, M., Wang Sheng-Hung, Wang Lei, Wanninkhof, Rik, Weaver, Scott, Weber, Mark, Werdell, P. Jeremy, Whitewood, Robert, Wijffels, Susan, Wilber, Anne C., Wild, J. D., Willett, Kate M., Williams, W., Willis, Joshua K., Wolken, G., Wong, Takmeng, Woodgate, R., Worthy, D., Wouters, B., Wovrosh, Alex J., Xue Yan, Yamada, Ryuji, Yin Zungang, Yu Lisan, Zhang Liangying, Zhang Peiqun, Zhao Lin, Zhao, J., Zhong, W., Ziemke, Jerry, Zimmermann, S., ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, 13. Climate action, Photosynthetically active radiation, Climate, Dynamics (mechanics), Data_FILES, Environmental science, Fraction (chemistry), 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Remote sensing
Abstract

For the first time in serveral years, the El Nino-Southern Oscillation did not dominate regional climate conditions around the globe. A weak La Ni a dissipated to ENSOneutral conditions by spring, and while El Nino appeared to be emerging during summer, this phase never fully developed as sea surface temperatures in the eastern conditions. Nevertheless, other large-scale climate patterns and extreme weather events impacted various regions during the year. A negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation from mid-January to early February contributed to frigid conditions in parts of northern Africa, eastern Europe, and western Asia. A lack of rain during the 2012 wet season led to the worst drought in at least the past three decades for northeastern Brazil. Central North America also experienced one of its most severe droughts on record. The Caribbean observed a very wet dry season and it was the Sahel's wettest rainy season in 50 years. Overall, the 2012 average temperature across global land and ocean surfaces ranked among the 10 warmest years on record. The global land surface temperature alone was also among the 10 warmest on record. In the upper atmosphere, the average stratospheric temperature was record or near-record cold, depending on the dataset. After a 30-year warming trend from 1970 to 1999 for global sea surface temperatures, the period 2000-12 had little further trend. This may be linked to the prevalence of La Ni a-like conditions during the 21st century. Heat content in the upper 700 m of the ocean remained near record high levels in 2012. Net increases from 2011 to 2012 were observed at 700-m to 2000-m depth and even in the abyssal ocean below. Following sharp decreases in to the effects of La Ni a, sea levels rebounded to reach records highs in 2012. The increased hydrological cycle seen in recent years continued, with more evaporation in drier locations and more precipitation in rainy areas. In a pattern that has held since 2004, salty areas of the ocean surfaces and subsurfaces were anomalously salty on average, while fresher areas were anomalously fresh. Global tropical cyclone activity during 2012 was near average, with a total of 84 storms compared with the 1981-2010 average of 89. Similar to 2010 and 2011, the North Atlantic was the only hurricane basin that experienced above-normal activity. In this basin, Sandy brought devastation to Cuba and parts of the eastern North American seaboard. All other basins experienced either near-or below-normal tropical cyclone activity. Only three tropical cyclones reached Category 5 intensity-all in Bopha became the only storm in the historical record to produce winds greater than 130 kt south of 7 N. It was also the costliest storm to affect the Philippines and killed more than 1000 residents. Minimum Arctic sea ice extent in September and Northern Hemisphere snow cover extent in June both reached new record lows. June snow cover extent is now declining at a faster rate (-17.6% per decade) than September sea ice extent (-13.0% per decade). Permafrost temperatures reached record high values in northernmost Alaska. A new melt extent record occurred on 11-12 July on the Greenland ice sheet; 97% of the ice sheet showed some form of melt, four times greater than the average melt for this time of year. The climate in Antarctica was relatively stable overall. The largest maximum sea ice extent since records begain in 1978 was observed in September 2012. In the stratosphere, warm air led to the second smallest ozone hole in the past two decades. Even so, the springtime ozone layer above Antarctica likely will not return to its early 1980s state until about 2060. Following a slight decline associated with the global 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production reached a record 9.5 +/- 0.5 Pg C in 2011 and a new record of 9.7 +/- 0.5 Pg C is estimated for 2012. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations increased by 2.1 ppm in 2012, to 392.6 ppm. In spring 2012, 2 concentration exceeded 400 ppm at 7 of the 13 Arctic observation sites. Globally, other greenhouse gases including methane and nitrous oxide also continued to rise in concentration and the combined effect now represents a 32% increase in radiative forcing over a 1990 baseline. Concentrations of most ozone depleting substances continued to fall.

Published
2013
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23. Institutional challenges in scaling-up climate change adaptation actions: experiences from rural communities in Senegal and Kenya.

Author

Ouma, Gilbert O., Dieye, Amadou M., Ogallo, Laban O., and Olang, Luke O.

Subjects
CLIMATE change mitigation, ENVIRONMENTAL protection, ENVIRONMENTAL policy, RURAL geography, CLIMATE change
Abstract

Regional institutions in Africa have the potential to reinforce the adaptive capacity of rural communities in handling climate change impacts. The institutional arrangements provide the rationale for scaling-up adaptation actions by setting the roles of individual players involved in the planning process at local, national and regional levels. The scaling-up then seeks to extend and disseminate the lessons learnt across the levels to support refinement and inclusive implementation of long-term climate change adaptation strategies. This article discusses these considerations through studies of two rural communities faced with the implementation of climate change adaptation strategies in Senegal and Kenya. The cases illustrate different approaches of institutional arrangements and scaling-up of adaptation actions from community to national levels. The lessons from the communities are typical of most vulnerable rural regions and were hence important for extended dissemination considering that the impacts of climate change in Africa are felt largely at community levels. A reduction of this vulnerability requires efficient and realistic adaptation strategies that seek to understand the rural communities while developing considerate policy-based alternatives at all levels of administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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25. Changes in temperature and precipitation extremes over the Greater Horn of Africa region from 1961 to 2010

Author

Omondi, Philip, Awange, Joseph, Forootan, Ehsan, Ogallo, Laban, Barakiza, Ruben, Girmaw, Gezahegn, Fesseha, Isaac, Kululetera, Venerabilis, Kilembe, Caroline, Mbati, Mathieu, Kilavi, Mary, King’uyu, Stephen, Omeny, Peter, Njogu, Andrew, Badr, Eldin, Musa, Tibin, Muchiri, Peris, Bamanya, Deus, Komutunga, Everline, Omondi, Philip, Awange, Joseph, Forootan, Ehsan, Ogallo, Laban, Barakiza, Ruben, Girmaw, Gezahegn, Fesseha, Isaac, Kululetera, Venerabilis, Kilembe, Caroline, Mbati, Mathieu, Kilavi, Mary, King’uyu, Stephen, Omeny, Peter, Njogu, Andrew, Badr, Eldin, Musa, Tibin, Muchiri, Peris, Bamanya, Deus, and Komutunga, Everline

Abstract

Recent special reports on climate extremes have shown evidences of changes in the patterns of climate extremes at global, regional and local scales. Understanding the characteristics of climate extremes at regional and local levels is critical not only for the development of preparedness and early warning systems, but is also fundamental in the development of any adaptation strategies. There is still very limited knowledge regarding the past, present and future patterns of climate extremes in the Greater Horn of Africa (GHA). This study, which was supported by the World Bank Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (WB-GFDRR) and implemented by the World Meteorological Organization, was organized in terms of three workshops with three main objectives; (1) analysis of daily rainfall and temperature extremes for ten countries in the GHA region using observed in situ data running from 1971 to 2006, (2) assessing whether the United Kingdom Met-office and Hadley centre Providing REgional Climates for Impact Studies (UK-PRECIS) modelling system can provide realistic representation of the past and present climate extremes as observed by available in situ data, and (3) studying the future regional climate extremes under different scenarios to further assess the expected changes in climate extremes.This paper, therefore, uses the outputs of these workshops and also includes post-workshop analyses to assess the changes of climate extremes within the GHA. The results showed a significant decrease in total precipitation in wet days greater than 1mm and increasing warm extremes, particularly at night, while cold extremes are decreasing. Considering a combination of geophysical models and satellite gravimetry observations from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission in the frame of GRACE daily Kalman-smoothing models, for the years 2002 to 2010, we explored a decline in total water storage variations over the GHA.

Published
2014

29. Understanding and Attributing Climate Change

Author

Hegerl, Gabriele C., Zwiers, Francis W., Braconnot, Pascale, Gillett, Nathan P., Luo, Yong, Orsini, Jose A. Marengo, Nicholls, Neville, Penner, Joyce E., Stott, Peter A., Allen, M., Ammann, C., Andronova, N., Betts, R.A., Clement, A., Collins, W.D., Crooks, S., Delworth, T.L., Forest, C., Forster, P., Goosse, H., Gregory, J.M., Harvey, D., Jones, G.S., Joos, F., Kenyon, J., Kettleborough, J., Kharin, V., Knutti, R., Lambert, F.H., Lavine, M., Lee, T.C.K., Levinson, D., Masson-Delmotte, V., Nozawa, T., Otto-Bliesner, B., Pierce, D., Power, S., Rind, D., Rotstayn, L., Santer, B. D., Senior, C., Sexton, D., Stark, S., Stone, D.A., Tett, S., Thorne, P., Dorland, R. van, Wang, M., Wielicki, B., Xu, L., Zhang, X., Zorita, E., Hegerl, Gabriele, Zwiers, Francis, Karoly, David, Ogallo, Laban, Planton, Serge, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2007

32. Changes in temperature and precipitation extremes over the Greater Horn of Africa region from 1961 to 2010

Author

Omondi, Philip Aming'o, primary, Awange, Joseph L., additional, Forootan, Ehsan, additional, Ogallo, Laban Ayieko, additional, Barakiza, Ruben, additional, Girmaw, Gezahegn Bogale, additional, Fesseha, Isaac, additional, Kululetera, Venerabilis, additional, Kilembe, Caroline, additional, Mbati, Mathieu Mugunga, additional, Kilavi, Mary, additional, King'uyu, Stephen Mutua, additional, Omeny, Peter Adek, additional, Njogu, Andrew, additional, Badr, Eldin Mamoun, additional, Musa, Tibin Adam, additional, Muchiri, Peris, additional, Bamanya, Deus, additional, and Komutunga, Everline, additional

Published
2013
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35. Vulnerability to epidemic malaria in the highlands of Lake Victoria basin: the role of climate change/variability, hydrology and socio-economic factors

Author

Wandiga, Shem O., primary, Opondo, Maggie, additional, Olago, Daniel, additional, Githeko, Andrew, additional, Githui, Faith, additional, Marshall, Michael, additional, Downs, Tim, additional, Opere, Alfred, additional, Oludhe, Christopher, additional, Ouma, Gilbert O., additional, Yanda, Pius Z., additional, Kangalawe, Richard, additional, Kabumbuli, Robert, additional, Kathuri, James, additional, Apindi, Eugene, additional, Olaka, Lydia, additional, Ogallo, Laban, additional, Mugambi, Paul, additional, Sigalla, Rehema, additional, Nanyunja, Robinah, additional, Baguma, Timothy, additional, and Achola, Pius, additional

Published
2009
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36. Climatic, Socio-economic, and Health Factors Affecting Human Vulnerability to Cholera in the Lake Victoria Basin, East Africa

Author

Olago, Daniel, primary, Marshall, Michael, additional, Wandiga, Shem O., additional, Opondo, Maggie, additional, Yanda, Pius Z., additional, Kangalawe, Richard, additional, Githeko, Andrew, additional, Downs, Tim, additional, Opere, Alfred, additional, Kabumbuli, Robert, additional, Kirumira, Edward, additional, Ogallo, Laban, additional, Mugambi, Paul, additional, Apindi, Eugene, additional, Githui, Faith, additional, Kathuri, James, additional, Olaka, Lydia, additional, Sigalla, Rehema, additional, Nanyunja, Robinah, additional, Baguma, Timothy, additional, and Achola, Pius, additional

Published
2007
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38. Chapter 6: Climate, Malaria and Cholera in the Lake Victoria Region: Adapting to Changing Risks.

Author

Yanda, Pius, Wandiga, Shem, Kangalawe, Richard, Opondo, Maggie, Olago, Dan, Githeko, Andrew, Downs, Tim, Kabumbuli, Robert, Opere, Alfred, Githui, Faith, Kathuri, James, Olaka, Lydia, Apindi, Eugene, Marshall, Michael, Ogallo, Laban, Mugambi, Paul, Kirumira, Edward, Nanyunja, Robinah, Baguma, Timothy, and Sigalla, Rehema

Subjects
MALARIA
Abstract

Chapter 6 of the book "Climate Change and Adaptation" is presented. It explores the study that investigates the climate change-related human health concerns in Lake Victoria region, Africa. It aims to evaluate the present adaptive capacity in terms of its strengths and weaknesses, and to draw out important lessons that can inform the development and institution of appropriate policies and programmes to address the excess risks to communities in the region from future climate change.

Published
2008

41. Changes in temperature and precipitation extremes over the Greater Horn of Africa region from 1961 to 2010.

Author

Omondi, Philip Aming'o, Awange, Joseph L., Forootan, Ehsan, Ogallo, Laban Ayieko, Barakiza, Ruben, Girmaw, Gezahegn Bogale, Fesseha, Isaac, Kululetera, Venerabilis, Kilembe, Caroline, Mbati, Mathieu Mugunga, Kilavi, Mary, King'uyu, Stephen Mutua, Omeny, Peter Adek, Njogu, Andrew, Badr, Eldin Mamoun, Musa, Tibin Adam, Muchiri, Peris, Bamanya, Deus, and Komutunga, Everline

Subjects
CLIMATE change, NATURAL disaster warning systems, PRECIPITATION variability, SEASONAL temperature variations
Abstract

ABSTRACT Recent special reports on climate extremes have shown evidences of changes in the patterns of climate extremes at global, regional and local scales. Understanding the characteristics of climate extremes at regional and local levels is critical not only for the development of preparedness and early warning systems, but is also fundamental in the development of any adaptation strategies. There is still very limited knowledge regarding the past, present and future patterns of climate extremes in the Greater Horn of Africa (GHA). This study, which was supported by the World Bank Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (WB-GFDRR) and implemented by the World Meteorological Organization, was organized in terms of three workshops with three main objectives; (1) analysis of daily rainfall and temperature extremes for ten countries in the GHA region using observed in situ data running from 1971 to 2006, (2) assessing whether the United Kingdom Met-office and Hadley centre Providing REgional Climates for Impact Studies (UK-PRECIS) modelling system can provide realistic representation of the past and present climate extremes as observed by available in situ data, and (3) studying the future regional climate extremes under different scenarios to further assess the expected changes in climate extremes. This paper, therefore, uses the outputs of these workshops and also includes post-workshop analyses to assess the changes of climate extremes within the GHA. The results showed a significant decrease in total precipitation in wet days greater than 1 mm and increasing warm extremes, particularly at night, while cold extremes are decreasing. Considering a combination of geophysical models and satellite gravimetry observations from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission in the frame of GRACE daily Kalman-smoothing models, for the years 2002 to 2010, we explored a decline in total water storage variations over the GHA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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44. Spatial coherence and potential predictability assessment of intraseasonal statistics of wet and dry spells over Equatorial Eastern Africa.

Author

Gitau, Wilson, Ogallo, Laban, Camberlin, Pierre, and Okoola, Raphael

Subjects
*RAINFALL, *REGRESSION analysis, *CLIMATE change, *CLIMATOLOGY, *METEOROLOGY
Abstract

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to derive components of the intraseasonal rainfall variations from the daily rainfall in the Equatorial Eastern Africa region and assess their spatial coherence, a pointer to their potential predictability. Daily rainfall observations from 36 stations distributed over Equatorial Eastern Africa and extending from 1962 to 2000 were used. The March to May and October to December periods commonly referred to as the long and short rainfall seasons respectively were considered. Seasonal and intraseasonal statistics at the local (station) level were first defined. The stations were also grouped into near-homogeneous (sub-regional) zones based on daily rainfall. Similarly, seasonal and intraseasonal statistics were then derived at sub-regional level using three different approaches. Inter-station correlation coefficients of the intraseasonal statistics at local levels were finally computed and plotted as box-plots. For the two rainfall seasons, the two statistics showing the highest spatial coherence were the seasonal rainfall totals and the number of the wet days at sub-regional level. The local variance explained for these two variables, as an average over all the sub-regions, was more than 40%. At the bottom of the hierarchy were the mean rainfall intensity and frequency of dry spells of 5 days or more which showed the least coherence, with the local variance explained being less than 10% in each season. For each of the intraseasonal components of daily rainfall considered, the short rainfall season statistics were more coherent compared to the long rainfall season. Lag-correlations with key indices depicting sea-surface temperatures in the Pacific and Indian Oceans showed that the hierarchy between the rainfall statistics in the strength of the teleconnections reflected that of spatial coherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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45. Linkages between global sea surface temperatures and decadal rainfall variability over Eastern Africa region.

Author

Omondi, Philip, Ogallo, Laban A., Anyah, Richard, Muthama, J. M., and Ininda, J.

Subjects
*OCEAN temperature, *OCEAN temperature measurement, *RAINFALL anomalies, *CANONICAL correlation (Statistics), *SINGULAR value decomposition
Abstract

Linkages between dominant spatio-temporal decadal rainfall variability modes and the global sea surface temperature (SST) modes are investigated over East Africa region for the period 1950-2008. Singular value decomposition (SVD) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) techniques are employed to examine potential linkages and predictability of decadal rainfall variability over the region. When the ten-year periodicity is filtered out from the observed monthly rainfall data, distinct decadal rainfall regimes are exhibited in the time series of mean seasonal rainfall anomalies. Spectral density analysis of rainfall time series showed dominance of a ten-year periodicity, significant at 95% confidence level. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) results yielded nine and seven homogeneous decadal rainfall zones for long rains; March-May (MAM), and the short rains: October-December (OND) seasons, respectively. The third season of June-August (JJA) which is mainly experienced in western and coastal sub-regions had eight homogenous zones delineated. Results show that the leading three SVD-coupled modes explain greater than 75% of the squared covariance between the two fields. The first SVD mode for Indian, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans contributed to 50, 43 and 38% of the total square covariance for MAM season, respectively. The same mode accounted for 65, 48 and 40% for OND rainfall season, respectively. For the JJA season, mode one contributed to about 61, 39 and 42% of the variance. The study showed that forcing of decadal rainfall over the region is associated with El Niño mode that is prominent over the Pacific Ocean, while Indian Ocean dipole is the leading mode over the Indian Ocean basin. An inter-hemispheric dipole mode that is common during ENSO was a prominent feature in the Atlantic Ocean forcing regional decadal rainfall. The high variability of these modes highlighted the significant roles of all the global oceans in forcing decadal rainfall variability over the region. In addition, results from multiple linear regression model showed substantial variation of the model prediction skill of the decadal rainfall variability modes within various homogenous zones and for different seasons. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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46. Stochastic modelling of regional annual rainfall anomalies in East Africa.

Author

Ogallo, Laban A. J.

Abstract

ARIMA (p, d, q) models were fitted to areal annual rainfall of two homogeneous regions in East Africa with rainfall records extending between the period 1922–80. The areal estimates of the regional rainfall were derived from the time series of the first eigenvector, which was significantly dominant at each of the two regions. The first eigenvector accounted for about 80% of the total rainfall variance in each region. The class of ARIMA (p, d, q) models which best fitted the areal indices of relative wetness/dryness were the A R M A (3, 1) models. Tests of forecasting skill however indicated low skill in the forecasts given by these models. In all cases the models accounted for less than 50% of the total variance. Spectral analysis of the indices time series indicated dominant quasi-periodic fluctuations around 2.2–2.8 years, 3–3.7 years, 5–6 years and 10–13 years. These spectral bands however accounted for very low proportion of the total rainfall variance. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
1986
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47. State of the Climate in 2012 INTRODUCTION

Author

Achberger, Christine, Ackerman, Stephen A., Albanil, Adelina, Alexander, P., Alfaro, Eric J., Allan, Rob, Alves, Lincoln M., Amador, Jorge A., Ambenje, Peter, Andrianjafinirina, Solonomenjanahary, Antonov, John, Aravequia, Jose A., Arendt, A., Arevalo, Juan, Arndt, Derek S., Ashik, I., Atheru, Zachary, Banzon, Viva, Baringer, Molly O., Barreira, Sandra, Barriopedro, David E., Beard, Grant, Becker, Andreas, Behrenfeld, Michael J., Bell, Gerald D., Benedetti, Angela, Bernhard, Germar, Berrisford, Paul, Berry, David I., Bhatt, U., Bidegain, Mario, Bindoff, Nathan, Bissolli, Peter, Blake, Eric S., Blunden, Jessica, Booneeady, Raj, Bosilovich, Michael, Box, J. E., Boyer, Tim, Braathen, Geir O., Bromwich, David H., Brown, R., Brown, L., Bruhwiler, Lori, Bulygina, Olga N., Burgess, D., Burrows, John, Calderon, Blanca, Camargo, Suzana J., Campbell, Jayaka, Cao, Y., Cappelen, J., Carrasco, Gualberto, Chambers, Don P., Chang A, L., Chappell, Petra, Chehade, Wissam, Cheliah, Muthuvel, Christiansen, Hanne H., Christy, John R., Ciais, Phillipe, Coelho, Caio A. S., Cogley, J. G., Colwell, Steve, Cross, J. N., Crouch, Jake, Cunningham, Stuart A., Dacic, Milan, Jeu, Richard A. M., Dekaa, Francis S., Demircan, Mesut, Derksen, C., Diamond, Howard J., Dlugokencky, Ed J., Dohan, Kathleen, Dolman, A. Johannes, Domingues, Catia M., Dong Shenfu, Dorigo, Wouter A., Drozdov, D. S., Duguay, Claude R., Dunn, Robert J. H., Duran-Quesada, Ana M., Dutton, Geoff S., Ehmann, Christian, Elkins, James W., Euscategui, Christian, Famiglietti, James S., Fang Fan, Fauchereau, Nicolas, Feely, Richard A., Fekete, Balazs M., Fenimore, Chris, Fioletov, Vitali E., Fogarty, Chris T., Fogt, Ryan L., Folland, Chris K., Foster, Michael J., Frajka-Williams, Eleanor, Franz, Bryan A., Frith, Stacey H., Frolov, I., Ganter, Catherine, Garzoli, Silvia, Geai, M. -L, Gerland, S., Gitau, Wilson, Gleason, Karin L., Gobron, Nadine, Goldenberg, Stanley B., Goni, Gustavo, Good, Simon A., Gottschalck, Jonathan, Gregg, Margarita C., Griffiths, Georgina, Grooss, Jens-Uwe, Guard, Charles Chip, Gupta, Shashi K., Hall, Bradley D., Halpert, Michael S., Harada, Yayoi, Hauri, C., Heidinger, Andrew K., Heikkila, Anu, Heim, Richard R., Heimbach, Patrick, Hidalgo, Hugo G., Hilburn, Kyle, Ho, Shu-Peng, Hobbs, Will R., Holgate, Simon, Hovsepyan, Anahit, Hu Zeng-Zhen, Hughes, P., Hurst, Dale F., Ingvaldsen, R., Inness, Antje, Jaimes, Ena, Jakobsson, Martin, James, Adamu I., Jeffries, Martin O., Johns, William E., Johnsen, Bjorn, Johnson, Gregory C., Johnson, Bryan, Jones, Luke T., Jumaux, Guillaume, Kabidi, Khadija, Kaiser, Johannes W., Kamga, Andre, Kang, Kyun-Kuk, Kanzow, Torsten O., Kao, Hsun-Ying, Keller, Linda M., Kennedy, John J., Key, J., Khatiwala, Samar, Pour, H. Kheyrollah, Kholodov, A. L., Khoshkam, Mahbobeh, Kijazi, Agnes, Kikuchi, T., Kim, B. -M, Kim, S. -J, Kimberlain, Todd B., Knaff, John A., Korshunova, Natalia N., Koskela, T., Kousky, Vernon E., Kramarova, Natalya, Kratz, David P., Krishfield, R., Kruger, Andries, Kruk, Michael C., Kumar, Arun, Lagerloef, Gary S. E., Lakkala, K., Lander, Mark A., Landsea, Chris W., Lankhorst, Matthias, Laurila, T., Lazzara, Matthew A., Lee, Craig, Leuliette, Eric, Levitus, Sydney, L Heureux, Michelle, Lieser, Jan, Lin, I-I, Liu, Y. Y., Liu, Y., Liu Hongxing, Liu Yanju, Lobato-Sanchez, Rene, Locarnini, Ricardo, Loeb, Norman G., Loeng, H., Long, Craig S., Lorrey, Andrew M., Luhunga, P., Lumpkin, Rick, Luo Jing-Jia, Lyman, John M., Macdonald, Alison M., Maddux, Brent C., Malekela, C., Manney, Gloria, Marchenko, S. S., Marengo, Jose A., Marotzke, Jochem, Marra, John J., Martinez-Gueingla, Rodney, Massom, Robert A., Mathis, Jeremy T., Mcbride, Charlotte, Mccarthy, Gerard, Mcvicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl, Meier, W., Meinen, Christopher S., Menendez, Melisa, Merrifield, Mark A., Mitchard, Edward, Mitchum, Gary T., Montzka, Stephen A., Morcrette, Jean-Jacques, Mote, Thomas, Muehle, Jens, Muehr, Bernhard, Mullan, A. Brett, Mueller, Rolf, Nash, Eric R., Nerem, R. Steven, Newlin, Michele L., Newman, Paul A., Ng Ongolo, H., Nieto, Juan Jose, Nishino, S., Nitsche, Helga, Noetzli, Jeannette, Oberman, N. G., Obregon, Andre, Ogallo, Laban A., Oludhe, Christopher S., Omar, Mohamed I., Overland, James, Oyunjargal, Lamjav, Parinussa, Robert M., Park, Geun-Ha, Park, E-Hyung, Parker, David, Pasch, Richard J., Pascual-Ramirez, Reynaldo, Pelto, Mauri S., Penalba, Olga, Peng, L., Perovich, Don K., Pezza, Alexandre B., Phillips, David, Pickart, R., Pinty, Bernard, Pitts, Michael C., Purkey, Sarah G., Quegan, Shaun, Quintana, Juan, Rabe, B., Rahimzadeh, Fatemeh, Raholijao, Nirivololona, Raiva, I., Rajeevan, Madhavan, Ramiandrisoa, Voahanginirina, Ramos, Alexandre, Ranivoarissoa, Sahondra, Rayner, Nick A., Rayner, Darren, Razuveav, Vyacheslav N., Reagan, James, Reid, Phillip, Renwick, James, Revedekar, Jayashree, Richter-Menge, Jacqueline, Rivera, Ingrid L., Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Romanovsky, Vladimir E., Ronchail, Josyane, Karen Rosenlof, Sabine, Christopher L., Salvador, Mozar A., Sanchez-Lugo, Ahira, Santee, Michelle L., Sasgen, I., Sawaengphokhai, P., Sayouri, Amal, Scambos, Ted A., Schauer, U., Schemm, Jae, Schlosser, P., Schmid, Claudia, Schreck, Carl, Semiletov, Igor, Send, Uwe, Sensoy, Serhat, Setzer, Alberto, Severinghaus, Jeffrey, Shakhova, Natalia, Sharp, M., Shiklomanov, Nicolai I., Siegel, David A., Silva, Viviane B. S., Silva, Frabricio D. S., Sima, Fatou, Simeonov, Petio, Simmonds, I., Simmons, Adrian, Skansi, Maria, Smeed, David A., Smethie, W. M., Smith, Adam B., Smith, Cathy, Smith, Sharon L., Smith, Thomas M., Sokolov, V., Srivastava, A. K., Stackhouse, Paul W., Stammerjohn, Sharon, Steele, M., Steffen, Konrad, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Stephenson, Tannecia, Su, J., Svendby, T., Sweet, William, Takahashi, Taro, Tanabe, Raymond M., Taylor, Michael A., Tedesco, Marco, Teng, William L., Thepaut, Jean-Noel, Thiaw, Wassila M., Thoman, R., Thompson, Philip, Thorne, Peter W., Timmermans, M. -L, Tobin, Skie, Toole, J., Trewin, Blair C., Trigo, Ricardo M., Trotman, Adrian, Tschudi, M., Wal, Roderik S. W., Werf, Guido R., Vautard, Robert, Vazquez, J. L., Vieira, Goncalo, Vincent, Lucie, Vose, Russ S., Wagner, Wolfgang W., Wahr, John, Walsh, J., Wang Junhong, Wang Chunzai, Wang, M., Wang Sheng-Hung, Wang Lei, Wanninkhof, Rik, Weaver, Scott, Weber, Mark, Werdell, P. Jeremy, Whitewood, Robert, Wijffels, Susan, Wilber, Anne C., Wild, J. D., Willett, Kate M., Williams, W., Willis, Joshua K., Wolken, G., Wong, Takmeng, Woodgate, R., Worthy, D., Wouters, B., Wovrosh, Alex J., Xue Yan, Yamada, Ryuji, Yin Zungang, Yu Lisan, Zhang Liangying, Zhang Peiqun, Zhao Lin, Zhao, J., Zhong, W., Ziemke, Jerry, and Zimmermann, S.

48. State of the climate in 2011:Special supplement to the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

Author

Arndt, D. S., Blunden, J., Willett, K. M., Dolman, A. J., Hall, B. D., Thorne, P. W., Gregg, M. C., Newlin, M. L., Xue, Y., Hu, Z., Kumar, A., Banzon, V., Smith, T. M., Rayner, N. A., Jeffries, M. O., Richter-Menge, J., Overland, J., Bhatt, U., Key, J., Liu, Y., Walsh, J., Wang, M., Fogt, R. L., Scambos, T. A., Wovrosh, A. J., Barreira, S., Sanchez-Lugo, A., Renwick, J. A., Thiaw, W. M., Weaver, S. J., Whitewood, R., Phillips, D., Achberger, C., Ackerman, S. A., Ahmed, Farid H., Albanil-Encarnacion, Adelina, Alfaro, E. J., Alves, L. M., Allan, Rob, Amador, Jorge A., Ambenje, Peter, Antoine, M. D., Antonov, John, Arevalo, Juan, Arndt, Derek S., Ashik, I., Atheru, Zachary, Baccini, Alessandro, Baez, Julian, Banzon, Viva, Baringer, Molly O., Barreira, Sandra, Barriopedro, D. E., Bates, J. J., Becker, Andreas, Behrenfeld, Michael J., Bell, Gerald D., Benedetti, Angela, Bernhard, Germar, Berrisford, Paul, Berry, David I., Beszczynska-Moeller, A., Bhatt, U. S., Bidegain, Mario, Bieniek, P., Birkett, Charon, Bissolli, Peter, Blake, Eric S., Blunden, Jessica, Boudet-Rouco, Dagne, Box, Jason E., Boyer, Tim, Braathen, Geir O., Brackenridge, G. Robert, Brohan, Philip, Bromwich, David H., Brown, Laura, Brown, R., Bruhwiler, Lori, Bulygina, O. N., Burrows, John, Calderon, Blanca, Camargo, Suzana J., Cappellen, John, Carmack, E., Carrasco, Gualberto, Chambers, Don P., Christiansen, Hanne H., Christy, John, Chung, D., Ciais, P., Coehlo, Caio A. S., Colwell, Steve, Comiso, J., Cretaux, Jean-Francois, Crouch, Jake, Cunningham, Stuart A., Jeu, Richard A. M., Demircan, M., Derksen, C., Diamond, Howard J., Dlugokencky, Ed J., Dohan, Kathleen, Dolman, A. Johannes, Dorigo, Wouter A., Drozdov, D. S., Duguay, Claude, Dutton, Ellsworth, Dutton, Geoff S., Elkins, James W., Epstein, H. E., Famiglietti, James S., Fanton D Andon, Odile Hembise, Feely, Richard A., Fekete, Balazs M., Fenimore, Chris, Fernandez-Prieto, D., Fields, Erik, Fioletov, Vitali, Fogt, Ryan L., Folland, Chris, Foster, Michael J., Frajka-Williams, Eleanor, Franz, Bryan A., Frey, Karen, Frith, Stacey H., Frolov, I., Frost, G. V., Ganter, Catherine, Garzoli, Silvia, Gitau, Wilson, Gleason, Karin L., Gobron, Nadine, Goldenberg, Stanley B., Goni, Gustavo, Gonzalez-Garcia, Idelmis, Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Nivaldo, Good, Simon A., Goryl, Philippe, Gottschalck, Jonathan, Gouveia, C. M., Gregg, Margarita C., Griffiths, Georgina M., Grigoryan, Valentina, Grooss, Jens-Uwe, Guard, Chip, Guglielmin, Mauro, Hall, Bradley D., Halpert, Michael S., Heidinger, Andrew K., Heikkila, Anu, Heim, Jr, Hennon, Paula A., Hidalgo, Hugo G., Hilburn, Kyle, Ho, Shu-Peng, Hobbs, Will R., Holgate, Simon, Hook, Simon J., Hovsepyan, Anahit, Hu, Zeng-Zhen, Hugony, Sebastien, Hurst, Dale F., Ingvaldsen, R., Itoh, M., Jaimes, Ena, Jeffries, Martin, Johns, William E., Johnsen, Bjorn, Johnson, Bryan, Johnson, Gregory C., Jones, L. T., Jumaux, Guillaume, Kabidi, Khadija, Kaiser, Johannes W., Kang, Kyun-Kuk, Kanzow, Torsten O., Kao, Hsun-Ying, Keller, Linda M., Kendon, Mike, Kennedy, John J., Kervankiran, Sefer, Khatiwala, Samar, Kholodov, A. L., Khoshkam, M., Kikuchi, T., Kimberlain, Todd B., King, Darren, Knaff, John A., Korshunova, Natalia N., Koskela, Tapani, Kratz, David P., Krishfield, R., Kruger, Andries, Kruk, Michael C., Kumar, Arun, Lagerloef, Gary, Lakkala, Kaisa, Lammers, Richard B., Lander, Mark A., Landsea, Chris W., Lankhorst, Matthias, Lapinel-Pedroso, Braulio, Lazzara, Matthew A., Leduc, Sharon, Lefale, Penehuro, Leon, Gloria, Leon-Lee, Antonia, Leuliette, Eric, Levitus, Syndney, L Heureux, Michelle, Lin, I. I., Liu, Hongxing, Liu, Yanju, Liu, Yi, Lobato-Sanchez, Rene, Locarnini, Ricardo, Loeb, Norman G., Loeng, H., Long, Craig S., Lorrey, Andrew M., Lumpkin, Rick, Myhre, Cathrine Lund, Luo, Jing-Jia, Lyman, John M., Maccallum, Stuart, Macdonald, Alison M., Maddux, Brent C., Manney, Gloria, Marchenko, S. S., Marengo A, Jose, Maritorena, Stephane, Marotzke, Jochem, Marra, John J., Martinez-Sanchez, Odayls, Maslanik, J., Massom, Robert A., Mathis, Jeremy T., Mcbride, Charlotte, Mcclain, Charles R., Mcgrath, Daniel, Mcgree, Simon, Mclaughlin, F., Mcvicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl, Meier, W., Meinen, Christopher S., Menendez, Melisa, Merchant, Chris, Merrifield, Mark A., Miller, Laury, Mitchum, Gary T., Montzka, Stephen A., Moore, Sue, Mora, Natalie P., Morcrette, Jean-Jacques, Mote, Thomas, Muhle, Jens, Mullan, A. Brett, Muller, Rolf, Myhre, Cathrine, Nash, Eric R., Nerem, R. Steven, Newlin, Michele L., Newman, Paul A., Ngari, Arona, Nishino, S., Njau, Lenoard N., Noetzli, Jeannette, Oberman, N. G., Obregon, Andre, Ogallo, Laban, and Oludhe, Christopher

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