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Background: When managed effectively, oil wealth can drive economic development and improve wellbeing. Conversely, as has been the experience in Ogoniland in the Niger Delta, the presence of the oil industry can lead to environmental degradation and social and economic vulnerabilities with negative impacts on health and wellbeing. Few studies have explored the experiences and perceptions of these impacts among residents of host communities themselves. Methods: This qualitative study explored Ogoni residents' experiences and perceptions of oil-industry related economic exclusion and associated impacts on health and wellbeing. In-depth interviews with 22 participants from four Local Government Areas (LGAs) were analyzed with open (inductive) coding. Guided by constructivist philosophy, interpretation of emerging themes was informed by the concept of social exclusion which recognizes that multi-dimensional processes can deprive individuals or groups of resources, rights, goods, and services, thus limiting broader societal participation. Results: Findings highlight the exclusionary impacts of the oil industry at the intersection of i) damaged livelihoods and family income, that increased economic vulnerability and reduced participants' ability to meet basic needs including ability to pay for healthcare; ii) lack of progress on environmental remediation and non-transparent benefit sharing schemes that exacerbate economic displacement and contribute to ongoing exposures to air and water pollution; and iii) insufficient of investment in economic development and essential health services, limiting employment opportunities and ability to access adequate healthcare. Conclusion: Addressing these issues requires integrated policy interventions focusing on equitable resource distribution, environmental restoration, and inclusive economic development to promote sustainable community resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The emergence of COVID-19 had a massive impact on the health system globally. While there are many kinds of literature reporting the impact on postgraduate medical training in other parts of the world, this cannot be said about Nigeria. Methodology: This was a national cross-sectional study among Resident doctors via an online google form survey for 8-months. Stratified cluster design where the entire country was stratified into the six geopolitical zones, and Tertiary Health Institutions (THI) were randomly selected from each of these zones. Data from the 47-itcm google form were analysed with Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23, and internal consistency reliability was measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Categorical variables were compared using chi-square, and the p-value was <0.05. Results: A total of 239 residents from THI in all six geopolitical zones completed the survey. The mean± standard deviation of the age of respondents, years in practice, and years in residency were 36.3±4.4); 10.2±7.6 years, and 4.2±2.6 years, respectively. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.95. Less than half had delayed the progression of residency (44.4%). The least strongly positive impacts were related to recruitments (4.2%), laboratory testing (4.2%), and ward rounds (4.2%); and the more strongly positive disruptive impact was on postgraduate seminars (9.2%), research (8.4%), professional examinations (8.0%) and residents' clinical schedules (8.0%). Conclusion: COVID-19 has caused a considerable delay in residents' training programs, and resident doctors have great concerns regarding the pandemic. This impact is perceived by them in almost all aspects of the training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Patient attending a surgical clinic may have some factors contributing to favorable satisfaction following consultations. This study is to determine the predictors of patient satisfaction with care in the surgical outpatient clinic (SOPC) of a University Teaching Hospital in a low-middle-income country. Materials and Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study which was conducted at the SOPC of a University Teaching Hospitals. A systematic sampling method with a sample interval of 1:2 was used to enroll respondents after consultation with a doctor using the short form of the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire-18. The reliability test showed that the questionnaire section for overall satisfaction was acceptable (a =0.67 which was higher than the lowest acceptable threshold of 0.60 (obtained from substantial sample). Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using the SPSS statistical software and P = 0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 466 respondents provided complete information giving a response rate of 95.1%. About 52.8% were males and 47.2% were females. The mean age ± standard deviation was 43.2 ± 15.2. The overall level of satisfaction was 60.9%, 95% confidence interval was 59.7-62.0, and the predictors for overall patients' satisfaction were male gender, older age of patient, higher monthly income, higher self-rated health status, and beneficiaries of free health care. Conclusion: The level of patients' satisfaction with quality of surgical care was high and the identified predictors being male, free health care, and patients' self-rating of health status. The following core competencies are addressed in this article: Interpersonal and communication skills, Patient care, Practice-based learning and improvement, Systems-based practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study examined whether mobile phone-based support improve the rates, duration of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) as well as infant growth patterns in Nigeria.Methods: A 6-month prospective randomized controlled trial with 75 participants assigned to receive 'usual care' or 'mobile phone-based support in addition to usual care' EBF rates and duration as well as anthropometric measurements of infants before and after intervention were compared using proportions and mean differences.Results: Attrition rates of 10.7% and 14.7% were observed in the intervention and control groups, respectively. Treatment groups were identical in all baseline characteristics and participants in the intervention group showed a slower rate of decline in the practice of EBF. The mean difference of 0.6 months (95% confidence interval: -0.22, 1.42) in EBF duration between intervention and control groups was not statistically significant (t = 1.45; p = 0.149). Similarly, the difference in the EBF rates at the 6th month for the intervention (55.2%) and control (46.8%) groups was not statistically significant (χ2 = 0.623; p = 0.430). Although the intervention group had significantly higher mean weight (p = 0.030) and length (p = 0.044) at the 6th month, the difference in the gain in weight and length of these infants over the period was only significant for the weight (p = 0.044). Although the incidence of adverse clinical nutritional status was more in the control group, these differences were not statistically significant.Conclusion: Mobile phone-based intervention has positive effects on the rate and duration of EBF as well as the growth of young infants. Sustaining this simple and cheap technology will improve infant wellbeing especially in resource-constrained settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundQuestionnaires developed for patient evaluation of the quality of primary care are often focussed on primary care systems in developed countries.AimTo report the development and validation of the patient evaluation scale (PES) designed for use in the Nigerian primary health care context.MethodsAn iterative process was used to develop and validate the questionnaire using patients attending 28 primary health centres across eight states in Nigeria. The development involved literature review, patient interviews, expert reviews, cognitive testing with patients and waves of quantitative cross-sectional surveys. The questionnaire’s content validity, internal structures, acceptability, reliability and construct validity are reported.FindingsThe full and shortened version of PES with 27 and 18 items, respectively, were developed through these process. The low item non-response from the serial cross-sectional surveys depicts questionnaire’s acceptability among the local population. PES-short form (SF) has Cronbach’s α of 0.87 and three domains (codenamed ‘facility’, ‘organisation’ and ‘health care’) with Cronbach’s αs of 0.78, 0.79 and 0.81, respectively. Items in the multi-dimensional questionnaire demonstrated adequate convergent and discriminant properties. PES-SF scores show significant positive correlation with scores of the full PES and also discriminated population groups in support of a priori hypotheses.ConclusionThe PES and PES-SF contain items that are relevant to the needs of patients in Nigeria. The good measurement properties of the questionnaire demonstrates its potential usefulness for patient-focussed quality improvement activities in Nigeria. There is still need to translate these questionnaires into major languages in Nigeria and assess their validity against external quality criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]