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Office work often results in long bouts of time spent sitting without moving, accumulating prolonged static posture (PSP), which might cause musculoskeletal discomfort (MSD). Although sit-stand desks (SSD) allow posture changes, employees do not use them sustainably. In order to automate posture adjustments, an intelligent SSD with an interactive system (iSSD) was created. This study assessed the impact of the iSSD on postural hygiene and explored the user experience. Ten office employees working remotely from home (teleworkers) used the iSSD with (phase B) and without (phase A2) automation. The usage data of the iSSD was measured daily by sensors. We assessed MSDs and working conditions through questionnaires. Semi-structured interviews evaluated participants' satisfaction. Results showed a 29% decrease in sitting time and absent PSP for phase B. Subsequently, in phase A2, the sitting time returned close to baseline values. Questionnaires reported MSD alleviation and stability of working conditions. Interviews confirmed automation's benefits for maintaining postural hygiene. Findings suggest that an interactive system can facilitate SSD adoption and promote postural hygiene at the office. HIGHLIGHTS: We added an interactive system to a usual sit-stand desk to force posture change. We tested iSSD usability by teleworkers through data tracked by the system sensors. We conducted qualitative interviews to assess participants' satisfaction with iSSD. Using an iSSD could help office workers reduce prolonged static postures. Participants appreciated automated posture changes imposed by the interactive system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of information about the optimal setup of multiple screen configurations in virtual reality (VR) office work. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different screen configurations on neck flexion, rotation, neck muscle activity, and simulator sickness symptoms during Virtual Reality (VR) office work. METHODS: Twelve participants (7 males; 21 to 27 years old) performed copy-paste and drag-drop tasks in three different screen configurations (single screen, primary-secondary screen, and double screen) in a randomized order. Optical motion capture system, electromyography (EMG) device, and simulator sickness questionnaire (SSQ) were used to measure the users' responses. RESULTS: Neck rotation angles, muscle activities, and VR sickness were significantly affected by the screen configurations (p < 0.021). The primary-secondary screen showed the highest right rotation angle (median: -33.47°) and left sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle activities (median: 12.57% MVC). Both single (median: 22.42) and primary-secondary (median: 22.40) screen showed the highest value of SSQ. CONCLUSIONS: The screen configurations in VR could be an important design factor affecting the users' physical demands of the neck and VR sickness symptoms. Asymmetric neck rotations caused by the primary-secondary screen conditions should be avoided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES: Several studies have found higher sickness absence in shared and open workspaces than in private offices, but little is known about why these differences occur. We propose and test job control as a potential mechanism underlying observed differences in the risk of physician-certified sickness absence between private offices and shared and open workspaces. METHODS: We conducted a counterfactual mediation analysis using observational survey data from a nationally representative sample of Norwegian employees merged with prospective data from national registries (N=5512). The registry data included information about whether participants had any physician-certified sickness absence the year following the survey. Models were adjusted for age, sex, education level, occupation group, executive/leadership responsibility, and time spent on office work. RESULTS: We found significantly higher sickness absence risk in conventional [risk ratio (RR) 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01‒1.25] and non-territorial (RR 1.20, 95% 1.04‒1.37) open-plan and non-territorial shared-room offices (RR 1.29, 95% CI 1.13‒1.48) compared to private offices. Natural indirect effects due to job control were statistically significant in all contrasts and accounted for 19–34% of total effects depending on contrast. CONCLUSIONS: Findings were in line with hypothesized relationships and suggest that job control may be a mechanism underlying observed differences in sickness absence across office concepts. Future studies should continue to explore potential mechanisms linking shared and open workspaces to higher sickness absence and other unfavorable outcomes in the workplace, particularly with study designs that provide stronger basis for causal inference.

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Philological sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background Digital interventions are potential tools for reducing and limiting occupational sedentary behaviour (SB) in sedentary desk-based jobs. Given the harmful effects of sitting too much and sitting for too long while working, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effectiveness of workplace interventions, that incorporated digital elements, to reduce the time spent in SB in office workers. Methods Randomised control trials that evaluated the implementation of workplace interventions that incorporated digital elements for breaking and limiting SB among desk-based jobs were identified by literature searches in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO and PEDro) published up to 2023. Studies were included if total and/or occupational SB were assessed. Only studies that reported pre- and postintervention mean differences and standard deviations or standard errors for both intervention arms were used for the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5 (RevMan 5; Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK). Risk of bias was assessed using the Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Papers from a Variety of Fields QUALSYST tool. Results Nineteen studies were included in the systematic review. The most employed digital elements were information delivery and mediated organisational support and social influences. Multicomponent, information, and counselling interventions measuring total and/or occupational/nonoccupational SB time by self-report or via device-based measures were reported. Multicomponent interventions were the most represented. Eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis, which presented a reduction of 29.9 (95% CI: -45.2, -14.5) min/8 h workday in SB (overall effect: Z = 3.81). Conclusions Multicomponent interventions, using a wide range of digital features, have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing time spent in SB at the workplace among desk-based employees. However, due to hybrid work (i.e., work in the office and home) being a customary mode of work for many employees, it is important for future studies to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of these interventions in the evolving work landscape. Trial registration The review protocol was registered in the Prospero database (CRD42022377366).

Background: Digital interventions are potential tools for reducing and limiting occupational sedentary behaviour (SB) in sedentary desk-based jobs. Given the harmful effects of sitting too much and sitting for too long while working, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effectiveness of workplace interventions, that incorporated digital elements, to reduce the time spent in SB in office workers. Methods: Randomised control trials that evaluated the implementation of workplace interventions that incorporated digital elements for breaking and limiting SB among desk-based jobs were identified by literature searches in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO and PEDro) published up to 2023. Studies were included if total and/or occupational SB were assessed. Only studies that reported pre- and postintervention mean differences and standard deviations or standard errors for both intervention arms were used for the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5 (RevMan 5; Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK). Risk of bias was assessed using the Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Papers from a Variety of Fields QUALSYST tool. Results: Nineteen studies were included in the systematic review. The most employed digital elements were information delivery and mediated organisational support and social influences. Multicomponent, information, and counselling interventions measuring total and/or occupational/nonoccupational SB time by self-report or via device-based measures were reported. Multicomponent interventions were the most represented. Eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis, which presented a reduction of 29.9 (95% CI: -45.2, -14.5) min/8 h workday in SB (overall effect: Z = 3.81). Conclusions: Multicomponent interventions, using a wide range of digital features, have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing time spent in SB at the workplace among desk-based employees. However, due to hybrid work (i.e., work in the office and home) being a customary mode of work for many employees, it is important for future studies to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of these interventions in the evolving work landscape. Trial registration: The review protocol was registered in the Prospero database (CRD42022377366). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the mechanisms of work interruptions is crucial for reducing employee strain and maintaining performance. For this purpose, a study was conducted that examined how different interruptions and different characteristics of an interruption affect employees' self-reported exhaustion. Specifically, a survey examined the effect of work interruptions due to different interruption types (email, short message, call, person) from different senders (e.g. supervisor, colleague) and with different contents (e.g. new task, relevant information). Data were gathered from 492 office workers in Germany during one working day. Structural equation models were calculated to assess mediation and moderation to answer the question to what extent characteristics of work interruptions have a negative impact on employees´ burnout symptoms. The results indicate that work interruptions cannot be examined purely on the basis of the frequency but must be considered in relation to the resulting overload, whereby different characteristics of work interruptions have different effects for the interrupted person. The results underline the importance of considering work interruptions in a more complex way than has previously been done to derive guidelines for human-friendly digital work design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The article discusses the history of the creation and organization of the activities of the Council of Kalmyk Administration, which carried out the administrative management of the Kalmyk steppe of the Astrakhan province in the period from 1836 to 1848. The Kalmyk Administration Council was guided in its work by the “Regulations on the Administration of the Kalmyk People” dated November 24, 1834, which regulated the structure of the governing body and the procedure for organizing work with documents. Studying the composition and content of documents created during the activities of the Council and stored in the archival fund I-3 “Council of the Astrakhan Kalmyk Administration” of the National Archive of the Republic of Kalmyk will allow for analysis and determination of the directions of its activities. The purpose of the article is to study the archival documents of the I-3 Foundation “Council of Kalmyk Administration” and to identify their source potential for studying the organization of activities of the body for governing the Kalmyk people, especially in the management of office work and document flow in pre-revolutionary Kalmykia. The purpose of the article is to study the archival documents of the I-3 Foundation “Council of Kalmyk Administration” and to identify their source potential for studying the organization of activities of the body for governing the Kalmyk people, especially in the management of office work and document flow in pre-revolutionary Kalmykia. Results. The documents created during the activities of the Kalmyk Administration Council are unique written sources for the study of the life of the Kalmyk people in pre-revolutionary Russia. In addition, these studies will allow us to study the procedure for organizing work with documents in Kalmykia and identify their compliance with all-Russian regulatory requirements in the field of office work and document management.

BACKGROUND: Research demonstrates that work interruptions are considered one of the most common work stressors. Understanding the mechanisms of work interruptions is therefore vital to reducing worker stress and maintaining performance. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this research is to investigate the influence of the frequency of work interruptions on subjective workload in the context of office work. Specifically, the mediating influence of interruption perception as well as the moderating influence of the complexity of the primary task are examined. METHOD: The work interruptions of 492 office workers in Germany were collected by means of a one-day diary study. A mediation model and a conditional indirect effect model were calculated to examine the influence of interruption frequency on subjective workload, mediated by the individual perception of these interruptions as well as moderated by the complexity of the primary work tasks. RESULTS: The analyses indicated a significant mediation and moderation. This implies that, on the one hand, the perception of work interruptions significantly mediates the relationship between the frequency of work interruptions and subjective workload. On the other hand, more complex primary work tasks seem to strengthen the positive relationship between interruption frequency and perceived interruption overload. CONCLUSION: The study underlines that work interruptions need to be considered in a much more differentiated way than is currently the case. Both in research and in terms of intervention measures in the work context, the various influencing factors need to be identified for an assessment of the effects on the working person to be possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses problems of the office work for ordination studying in the Olonets diocese based on the researching of a significant array of Spiritual Consistory papers. It was revealed that office work in this area was under the influence of parish traditions, frequently changing norms adopted in Spiritual Consistories and all-Russian Church legislation. The main trend in the development of the office work for ordination was to increase the number of demands placed on the parish clergy, while at the same time excluding from the necessary documents certificates of priests elections by parishioners.

Abstract Office work often results in long bouts of time spent sitting without moving, accumulating prolonged static posture (PSP), which might cause musculoskeletal discomfort (MSD). Although sit-stand desks (SSD) allow posture changes, employees do not use them sustainably. In order to automate posture adjustments, an intelligent SSD with an interactive system (iSSD) was created. This study assessed the impact of the iSSD on postural hygiene and explored the user experience. Ten office employees working remotely from home (teleworkers) used the iSSD with (phase B) and without (phase A2) automation. The usage data of the iSSD was measured daily by sensors. We assessed MSDs and working conditions through questionnaires. Semi-structured interviews evaluated participants’ satisfaction. Results showed a 29% decrease in sitting time and absent PSP for phase B. Subsequently, in phase A2, the sitting time returned close to baseline values. Questionnaires reported MSD alleviation and stability of working conditions. Interviews confirmed automation’s benefits for maintaining postural hygiene. Findings suggest that an interactive system can facilitate SSD adoption and promote postural hygiene at the office. HIGHLIGHTS We added an interactive system to a usual sit-stand desk to force posture change. We tested iSSD usability by teleworkers through data tracked by the system sensors. We conducted qualitative interviews to assess participants’ satisfaction with iSSD. Using an iSSD could help office workers reduce prolonged static postures. Participants appreciated automated posture changes imposed by the interactive system. We added an interactive system to a usual sit-stand desk to force posture change.We tested iSSD usability by teleworkers through data tracked by the system sensors.We conducted qualitative interviews to assess participants’ satisfaction with iSSD.Using an iSSD could help office workers reduce prolonged static postures.Participants appreciated automated posture changes imposed by the interactive system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem Konzept Coworking und arbeitet auf Basis eigener empirischer Daten heraus, wie dieses Konzept im Zuge seiner wachsenden Verbreitung und der Etablierung von Coworking-Spaces als ‚dritten Orten der Arbeit' Legitimität für neue Gestaltungsideen und Wertvorstellungen von Büroarbeit generiert. Coworking-Spaces werden dabei als ‚dritte Orte' definiert, die dem Raumkonzept der Schaffung einer flexibel anpassbaren und Kreativität fördernden Arbeitsumgebung für Büroarbeiter:innen folgen. Das Geschäftskonzept Coworking-Space wird inzwischen aber auch als alternatives Organisationsmodell von Arbeit wahrgenommen. Dem Beitrag liegt das Forschungsinteresse zugrunde zu erkunden, wie und in welchen Variationen das Konzept Coworking in Büroarbeitsorganisationen, die sich selbst als Coworking-Space bezeichnen, adaptiert und praktisch umgesetzt wird. Nachgezeichnet wird, inwiefern Coworking als alternatives Gestaltungsmodell oder, im Sinne von Meyer und Rowan, Rationalisierungskonzept der Organisation von Arbeit Elemente eines neuen Normalitätsverständnisses von Büroarbeit generiert, welches über Betreiber:innen von Coworking-Spaces und Coworker:innen inzwischen in die Breite der Arbeitsgesellschaft getragen wird. This paper is concerned with coworking as a special concept of new work and presents the results of an empirical study. It aims to outline the dimensions of the concept of coworking and how it produces new design ideas and values for office work. The paper pursues the research interest to illustrate how and in what kind of variation the concept of coworking is adapted and practically implemented by different coworking space providers. Taking up the theoretical frame of Meyer's and Rowan's idea of "rationalized concepts", the paper focuses on the legitimation process of the concept of coworking and how this concept produces a new understanding of "normality" for office work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Rekonfiguration von Raum im Kontext von Wissensarbeit im Informationsraum. Dies geschieht entlang von theoretischen Ausführungen, die die Bedeutung der sozialen Konstruktion von Räumen hervorheben und dazu Raum in einer relationalen Perspektive verstehen. Da Büroarbeit, zumindest in Bezug auf den Umfang der Flexibilisierung des Arbeitsorts, aktuell am stärksten betroffen ist, wird danach gefragt, wie Wissensarbeiter:innen ihren Arbeitsraum erzeugen und welche Rolle dabei der (Arbeits-) Ort einnimmt. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass die unmittelbare Umgebung der konkreten Arbeitsplätze im Informationsraum dabei in der einen oder anderen Weise mitwirkt. Zudem wird erwartet, dass die Gleichzeitigkeit von miteinander verwobenen Arbeitsräumen nicht ohne Konsequenzen bleibt. So fragt der Beitrag danach, was es für Menschen bedeutet, darin zu arbeiten, und welche Vorstellungen von Arbeitsplätzen und der Zusammenarbeit mit anderen sie entwickeln. Diese Fragen werden anhand von Fallbeispielen aus einer explorativen Studie zu Raumbezügen in der Arbeitswelt während der Pandemie sowie zweier älterer Studien vor allem auf Basis von Mental Maps und Interviews verfolgt. The article deals with the reconfiguration of space in the context of knowledge work in the information space. This is done along theoretical lines that emphasise the significance of the social construction of spaces and understand space in a relational perspective. Since office work is currently the most affected, at least in terms of the extent of flexibilisation of the place of work, the subject of this paper is how knowledge workers create their working space and what role (working) place plays in this. It is assumed that the immediate surroundings of the concrete workplaces in the information space have an effect on this process. It is also expected that the simultaneity of interwoven workspaces will not remain without consequences. Thus, the paper asks what it means for people to work in them, and what notions of workplaces and collaboration with others they develop. These questions are pursued using case studies from an exploratory study on spatial relations in the world of work during the pandemic as well as two older studies, primarily on the basis of mental maps and interviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is devoted to the study of one of the least studied groups of historical sources - the personal files of clergy. The archive of the Smolensk diocesan administration was used as a representative material. Based on the causal method, it was possible to consider a number of personal affairs of clergymen and, on their basis, identify those thematic blocks, the study of which contributes to a fuller and deeper immersion in the historical realities of the existence of the Russian Orthodox Church through the prism of the life and work of the clergy. The documents of the diocesan archives are able to shed light on certain circumstances of the life of a clergyman of the Soviet period and see his true portrait thanks to the testimonies that have been preserved in personal files - service records, autobiographies, complaints, clippings from periodicals, etc. The determining factor in the objectivity of consideration of this kind of documents involves the use of an integrated approach that can fill those gaps that are inevitable in office work. In this regard, when studying the personal files of clergymen of the Soviet period, it is necessary to take into account the factor of verification of the information contained in them due to political realities and the subjectivity of decisions of one bishop or another, or employees of the diocesan administration. This work does not claim to be exhausted. On the contrary, this attempt at research is aimed, firstly, at drawing attention to the problem of the lack of knowledge of the designated kind of sources. Secondly, it seems important to pay attention to the safety and accessibility for researchers of diocesan archives. The latter requires special attention, and the fate of a significant layer of history not only of the Church, its ministers, but also of our state depends on the resolution of these issues

Interruption at work by social media (SM) is a pervasive phenomenon. This study investigated the impact of SM interruptions and task cognitive levels on mental workload (MWL) and physiological indexes. Each subject performed six simulated computer tasks differentiated by two factors: task cognitive level and performing condition. MWL was reflected through three categories of data: perceived mental workload, physiological indexes, and primary task performance. The results revealed significant effects of SM interruptions on heart rate, low-frequency/high-frequency (LF/HF) ratio, and skin conductance. ANOVA results showed there were main effects of task cognitive level on LF/HF and skin conductance. These effects during interrupted tasks were more profound. In addition, participants experienced higher MWL and recorded lower primary task performance in the knowledge-based task than the rule- and skill-based tasks. Our findings can guide managers and employees regarding appropriate use of SM in the workplace and better managing interruption and workload. Practitioner Summary: Office workers suffer from increased overall mental workload due to unpredictable interruptions while working. This study shows that participants' mental workload increased when receiving SM interruptions, which was more profound during complex tasks. This highlights the importance of SM interruptions management for employees' health, performance, and mobile application developers. Abbreviations: ANOVA: analysis of variance; DSSQ: dundee stress state questionnaire; ECG: electrocardiographic; EDA: electrodermal activity; EEG: electroencephalographic; HPA: hypothalamus-pituitaryadrenocortical; HR: heart rate; HRV: heart rate variability; LF/HF: low frequency/high frequency; MSDs: musculoskeletal disorders; MWL: mental workload; NN: normal to normal; RMS: root means square; RR: time duration between two successive R peaks; RT: response time; SC: skin conductance; SDNN: standard deviation of normal to normal; SM: social media; TCL: task cognitive level; TPC: task performing condition; WMC: working memory capacity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smartphones have become the most popular mode of communication as well as a novel mode of work, allowing users to work from anywhere and increasing their efficiency and responsiveness. However, the flexibility and convenience of mobile phones are associated with security risks. The objective of this study was to examine the threats and risks that smartphones face and to suggest mitigation strategies. A literature searches of scientific research articles published in online journals and databases was carried out. Some of the databases used are Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore Digital Library and Science Direct. The paper concludes that smartphones are not only capable of supporting office work but can also serve as a gateway to the Internet of Things (IoT) and a tool for user interaction with numerous electronic devices. This comes with concerns about technical threats associated with cybercrime, privacy infringements, and hidden data collection tendencies. The paper recommends advanced research to enhance counter-measures to mitigate the many existing security threats as well as those that may emerge in the future.

Objectives. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and associated factors among office workers working in the activity-based workplace (ABW). Methods. Forty-two office workers with an ABW and 68 office workers as controls participated. The Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire, the Baecke physical activity questionnaire, the Copenhagen psychosocial questionnaire III and the fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire were used and the pain pressure threshold (PPT) was measured. Results. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of MSDs in most body areas between the ABW and control groups. The ABW group experienced significantly (p < 0.05) more right wrist, hand and finger (WHF) pain in the past 6 months when compared with the control group. The ABW group demonstrated significantly (p < 0.05) more work-related physical activity and daily time spent standing. There were no significant differences in other pain-related factors measured. Conclusions. Office workers with an ABW had a similar prevalence of MSDs to office workers with a designated workplace and no differences in associated factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the history of office work in the first half of the 19th century, using the example of the workflow of the Department of Appanages. On the basis of published materials and archival sources, the author examines the general principles of office work of state institutions of the Russian Empire, explores the evolution of document flow in the first half of the 19th century, evaluates the effectiveness of measures to reduce document flow, and identifies common and different features of the evolution of office work of the Department of Appanages. The office work reform in the Russian Empire had a complex character. Both the form of documents and the principles of circulation of documents have undergone changes. The effectiveness of the work of the governing bodies was assessed by the number of incoming and outgoing documentation. Despite the fact that the basic principles laid down by the office work reform were of a nationwide nature, they could acquire their own specific features in the state institutions themselves. In the Department of appanages, this was due to the gradual removal of the management of the appanage from the competence of other authorities of the Russian Empire. In the second quarter of the XIX century the exclusive right to manage all internal issues relating to the department was finally assigned to the specific authorities, which were directly subordinate to the emperor through the minister.

The article presents the experience of the authors’ practical work on compiling databases used in documentary linguistics in the study of vocabulary and terminology of office work, which is one of the most pressing problems of Ossetian linguistics, having a direct impact on the preservation and development of the functionality of the minority Ossetian language. Background. The modern stage of the development of documentary linguistics has its own peculiarities associated with the expansion of the nomenclature of documents having a unified form not only within one country, but also throughout the world. The share of documentary communication is increasing during the pandemic, so the compilation of databases and registries in different languages is becoming particularly relevant. Purpose. Identification of the main trends in the development of documentary linguistics at the present stage and description of practical experience in compiling a register of geographical names. Materials and methods. The materials for the study were regional periodicals, official websites of the executive and legislative authorities of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania and the Republic of South Ossetia – the State of Alania. Research methods: content analysis, continuous sampling. Results. The principles of the nomination of geographical names in the Ossetian language used in official business speech have been developed; the controversial points in the names denoting the location, as well as the principles of translating such words into Russian and Ossetian languages have been clarified. To conduct the study, the authors compiled registers of geographical names in Russian and Ossetian languages. A large illustrative material gives the authors the opportunity to identify the patterns of development of the terminology of the documentation support of management in the Ossetian language, to identify the most promising trends in word-formation activity, to outline further ways in the work on the ordering of this term system. Practical implications. The practical significance of this study is dictated by the need to organize systematic work on the introduction of office work in the Ossetian language in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania and the Republic of South Ossetia in order to increase the effectiveness of measures to preserve the native language. The work can be useful in the practice of documentation support of management activities in the Ossetian language, in the preparation of lexicographic publications, as well as in the practice of translation.

Peculiarities of paperwork of the Tobolsk ecclesiastical consistory in cases of divorce of peasants due to adultery of their wives in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries are considered. Documents stored in the State Archives in Tobolsk testify to the presence of a number of stages of office work on each issue. The basic requirements for the commencement of proceedings in cases of divorce due to adultery (treason) are determined. The obstacles on the way to divorce among peasants in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries are established. The author divided them into two groups: errors in the provision of a package of documents and shortcomings in record keeping in the Tobolsk province. The relevance of the study is due to the existence of currently acute social problems caused by a large number of family breakups, the main of which is population decline. Referring to the history of divorce proceedings and the methods used to reconcile spouses (admonition by parish priests) can be useful for rethinking the methods of resolving and preventing marital conflicts, as well as for revealing certain aspects of the history of office work of institutions.

Risk factors associated with sedentary work and prolonged sitting time can be detrimental to office workers’ health and productivity. Recent literature introduced the concept of active microbreaks and their benefits to sedentary workers. The purpose of this study was to better define active microbreaks and to determine the evidence behind utilizing active microbreaks at work, through a qualitative synthesis of the literature in a systematic review. A comprehensive systematic search was conducted using primarily ergonomics, medicine and allied health databases, in addition to grey literature (CINAHL, Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect) and respective ergonomics journals. Six interventional controlled trials (232 total participants) met the inclusion criteria and qualified for the inclusion in this review. The quality of the reviewed articles was deemed to be moderate to high according to the utilized assessment scales. The results of this review may support the use of short active microbreaks (2–3 minutes of light intensity exercises every 30 minutes) due to the observed physical and mental health benefits without negative impact on productivity in the workplace.

Sedentary behavior at work contributes to detrimental cognitive outcomes (e.g., decreases in attention). The length of time that cognitive performance benefits are sustained following bouts of breaking up sitting (e.g., using sit-stand desks or walking) is not known. A narrative review of the literature was conducted using a systematic search strategy, with keywords related to breaking up sitting interventions in office-based environments and cognitive performance outcomes in the period immediately post the cessation of the breaking up sitting intervention. Three types of office-based breaking up sitting interventions were identified; 1) sit-stand desks, 2) walking desks and 3) cycling desks. From the eight studies which met the criteria, the impacts of these interventions on cognitive performance outcomes were mixed, with significant benefits in some studies and others reporting no benefit. Of the cognitive domains assessed, working memory, attention, and psychomotor function showed significant sustained improvement for up to 30 minutes post intervention. While there are benefits to a key set of cognitive performance domains following breaking up sitting interventions in office-based settings, no studies have evaluated whether benefits to cognitive performance persist for longer than 30 minutes after the breaking up sitting intervention. Furthermore, specific applications of these cognitive benefits to tasks outside of work (e.g., driving home from work) are unknown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There was also considerable change among racialized remote workers: only 6.8 percent of white workers, 6 percent of Black workers, and 4 percent Latinx workers worked from home. One analysis of metropolitan regions in the four years prior to the pandemic shows that "the share of college educated workers is an important predictor of remote work, as occupations that disproportionately employ college educated workers tend to be more amenable to remote work." The battles over remote work are important not because new technologies enable any broad-scale transformation of work as such, but rather because they are a symptomatic feature of a labor market more favorable for workers than anything workers have experienced during the past half century or so. While the racial and ethnic makeup of the whole remote workforce shows profound differences, the percentages of remote workers among ascribed identities show a more equal distribution: 35.3 percent of white workers teleworked, while the figure for Black workers was 29.3 percent, and 23 percent for Latinx workers. [Extracted from the article]

Self-tracking devices have been observed to accelerate time, be used sporadically and busyness being a barrier to use at work. Drawing on notion of multiple temporalities, this article expands the focus on temporalities of users' engagement with technologies to analysing them within broader biographical, institutional and political times. The argument is grounded in interviews with UK public sector office workers self-tracking sitting time that featured the following three themes: (1) the participants related their sitting to deteriorated work conditions after government austerity politics and redundancies, (2) the pressurised rhythm of work made it difficult to reduce sitting time and fostered a sense of discontent and powerlessness and (3) the workers did not self-track in their free time, defined as free from monitoring. We suggest that the analytical lens of multiple temporalities expands understanding of user experiences as well as illuminates lived contemporary political and institutional times, characterised by both discontent and powerlessness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Philology: Science & Education is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The effect on muscle activity variation of combining different office tasks is not known. We recorded electromyography from the upper trapezius (UT), wrist extensor (WE) and lumbar erector spinae (LES) in 24 office workers during five productive tasks, and breaks. Minute-to-minute variance was then estimated, by simulations, in a reference 'job' consisting of 85% sitting computer work and 15% breaks, and in 'jobs' where sitting computer work was replaced by different proportions of the other office tasks and breaks. Replacing sitting computer work with sitting non-computer work increased estimated variance by, in median, 23% (UT), 19% (WE) and 0% (LES). Replacing it with other tasks, in particular, standing computer and non-computer work, was less effective in increasing variance. Thus, some combinations of office tasks have a slight potential to increase muscle activity variation in the shoulder and lower arm, but not the lumbar back, while others will be ineffective. Practitioner summary: The need for exposure variation is often emphasised in office ergonomics. We estimated the effect on muscle activity in the shoulder, forearm and lumbar back of combining sitting computer work with other available tasks and breaks, finding that introduction of sitting non-computer tasks and non-desk work slightly increased variation; other tasks were essentially non-effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Call center workers are highly susceptible to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) as well as mental stress. Nonetheless, there has been a surprising paucity in the body of the research regarding interventions among call center workers. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of a multicomponent ergonomic intervention program on mental workload, mental fatigue and WRMSDs of call center employees. METHOD: A non-randomized interventional study with a single group pretest-posttest design was conducted among 84 call center workers of a private telecommunication company in the city of Tehran, Iran. At the baseline, data regarding WRMSDs prevalence, mental workload and mental fatigue were collected by means of standard Nordic, NASA-TLX and SOFI questionnaires, respectively. Then, subjects participated in a multifaceted intervention program including comprehensive office ergonomic training, work layout improvement, supervised on-site face to face visits, and provision of quality break time encompassing regular exercise program. Follow-up assessment was carried out after 6 months. RESULTS: After the intervention, prevalence of WMSDs in the neck (10%, P = 0.022), lower back (8.4%, P = 0.04), and knees (9.5%, P = 0.02) decreased significantly, while improvements in other body areas remained insignificant. Results also showed a significant decrease in overall score of mental demand (P = 0.000) as well as three of its subscales including performance (P = 0.02), effort (P = 0.001), and frustration (P = 0.025). Additionally, positive effect of the intervention was also observable on overall mental fatigue of call center workers (P = 0.016). As for its subscales, Lack of energy was reported to decrease meaningfully (P = 0.007) while lack of motivation did not change significantly (P = 0.240). CONCLUSION: Although the primary focus of many ergonomic interventions has remained to measure physical outcomes of the work place, our findings show that multicomponent interventions are indeed capable of boosting cognitive aspects of the work as well. The future studies should consider investigating such outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Office work generally consists of high amounts of sedentary behaviour (SB) which has been associated with negative health consequences. We developed the “WorktivIty” mobile app to help office workers reduce their SB through self-monitoring and feedback on sedentary time, prompts to break sedentary time, and educational facts. The aim of this paper is to report the feasibility of delivering the Worktivity intervention to desk-based office workers in the workplace setting and describe methodological considerations for a future trial. Methods We conducted a three-arm feasibility cluster randomised controlled pilot study over an 8-week period with full time-desk based employees. Clustered randomisation was to one of three groups: Worktivity mobile app (MA; n = 20), Worktivity mobile app plus SSWD (MA+SSWD; n = 20), or Control (C; n = 16). Feasibility was assessed using measures of recruitment and retention, intervention engagement, intervention delivery, completion rates and usable data, adverse events, and acceptability. Results Recruitment of companies to participate in this study was challenging (8% of those contacted), but retention of individual participants within the recruited groups was high (81% C, 90% MA + SSWD, 95% MA). Office workers’ engagement with the app was moderate (on average 59%). Intervention delivery was partially compromised due to diminishing user engagement and technical issues related to educational fact delivery. Sufficient amounts of useable data were collected, however either missing or unusable data were observed with activPAL™, with data loss increasing at each follow up time point. No serious adverse events were identified during the study. The majority of participants agreed that the intervention could be implemented within the workplace setting (65% MA; 72% MA + SSWD) but overall satisfaction with the intervention was modest (58% MA; 39% MA + SSWD). Conclusions The findings suggest that, in principle, it is feasible to implement a mobile app-based intervention in the workplace setting however the Worktivity intervention requires further technical refinements before moving to effectiveness trials. Challenges relating to the initial recruitment of workplaces and maintaining user engagement with the mHealth intervention over time need to be addressed prior to future large-scale implementation. Further research is needed to identify how best to overcome these challenges.

The question of providing financial assistance to women of clerical rank in the Tobolsk diocese in the 1820—1830s is considered. The results of a comparative analysis of the stages and terms of office work on this issue before and after the opening of the Tobolsk guardianship of the poor are presented. Particular attention is paid to the examination of the petition documents that were compiled in the Tobolsk spiritual consistory from the words of women of clerical rank who applied for financial assistance to the Tobolsk archbishop during this period. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that the issue under consideration is being studied for the first time on the basis of documents of the Tobolsk spiritual consistory. The documents stored in the State Archives in the city of Tobolsk testify to the existence of a certain algorithm for recording a request, two different established procedures for conducting cases on the charity of female clergymen before and after 1823. The criteria, by which the selection of requests was carried out among the many requests for assistance, were identified. Criteria have been established for choosing between two types of salary — a guardianship allowance and a ten-ruble poorhouse salary. The reasons for the complete denial of support are also named.

Copyright of Zentralblatt fuer Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Risk factors associated with sedentary work and prolonged sitting time can be detrimental to office workers’ health and productivity. Recent literature introduced the concept of active microbreaks and their benefits to sedentary workers. The purpose of this study was to better define active microbreaks and to determine the evidence behind utilizing active microbreaks at work, through a qualitative synthesis of the literature in a systematic review. A comprehensive systematic search was conducted using primarily ergonomics, medicine and allied health databases, in addition to grey literature (CINAHL, Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect) and respective ergonomics journals. Six interventional controlled trials (232 total participants) met the inclusion criteria and qualified for the inclusion in this review. The quality of the reviewed articles was deemed to be moderate to high according to the utilized assessment scales. The results of this review may support the use of short active microbreaks (2–3 minutes of light intensity exercises every 30 minutes) due to the observed physical and mental health benefits without negative impact on productivity in the workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pro Publico Bono - Magyar Közigazgatas is the property of National University of Public Service and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background There are growing concerns over the health impacts of occupational sedentary behaviour on office-based workers and increasing workplace recognition of the need to increase physical activity at work. Social ecological models provide a holistic framework for increasing opportunities for physical activity at work. In this paper we propose a social ecological model of office-based physical activity and map it against the Capability Motivation Opportunity (COM-B) framework to highlight the mechanisms of behaviour change that can increase levels of physical activity of office-based workers. Discussion The paper proposes a social ecological model of physical activity associated with office-based settings. The model considers opportunities for both incidental and discretionary activities, as well as macro and micro factors on both socio-cultural and physical dimensions. The COM-B framework for characterising behaviour change interventions is used to highlight the underlying mechanisms of behaviour change inherent in the model. Summary The broad framework provided by social ecological models is important for understanding physical activity in office-based settings because of the non-discretionary nature of sedentary behaviour of office-based work. It is important for interventions not to rely on individual motivation for behaviour change alone but to incorporate changes to the broader social ecological and physical context to build capability and create opportunities for more sustainable change.

Objectives In the present study, the authors focused on the comparison of work characteristics related to the possibility of striking the right work– nonwork balance, as well as satisfaction with the actual work–life balance (WLB), negative work-to-home conflict and the quality of life related to social relationships, between a new group of on-line workers (social media or e-marketing specialists, search engine optimization or search engine marketing specialists, e-public relations experts etc.) and traditional office workers. Material and Methods The authors conducted a questionnaire study covering 189 on-line workers (whose work required permanent presence on-line) and 200 office workers (using the Internet mainly to communicate with other departments and to search for information). Results The results showed that the on-line workers reported a significantly lower satisfaction with WLB and a higher negative work-home interaction. The authors found no differences as regards the social quality of life between the studied groups. Conclusions These findings confirm that technology advancement opens a new chapter in organizational psychology and occupational health, especially in the context of the emerging on-line occupations. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2020;33(1):21–33

The relevance of the study is largely due to the fact that at present, as in the period under consideration in the article, many clergy leave their work in the Church, and in the period of revival of the Russian Orthodox Church, this may become a significant problem for it. Its solution implies the need to study the history of this phenomenon. The author, based on the content of legislative acts and the interpretations of modern scholars, considered one of the main problems in the Russian Orthodox Church - voluntary care of the clergy in secular authority, during the XVIII - early XX centuries. On the basis of archival documents, the article reveals the main reasons that encourage young people of the spiritual Department to seek a place of service in secular institutions in the first half of the XIX century, the results of solving such cases by the Tobolsk spiritual Consistory, the terms and stages of office work. The methodological basis of this study was the most important principles of historical science, primarily such as system, historicism, interdisciplinarity and scientific objectivity, which allowed us to consider the studied phenomena in dynamics and interaction.

Background: Projects for workplace health promotion (WHP) for back pain traditionally focus exclusively on work-related but not on leisure-time stress on the spine. We developed a comprehensive WHP project on the back health of hospital workers regardless of the physical characteristics of their work and compared its effects on sedentary and physically active hospital workers., Methods: Study assessments were carried out before and six months after participation in the WHP intervention. The primary outcome parameter was back pain (Oswestry Disability Index, ODI). Anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), work ability (Work Ability Index), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), stress (Perceived Stress Scale-10), and quality of life (Short Form-36) were assessed via questionnaires as secondary outcome parameters. Physical performance was measured via the 30 seconds Sit-to-Stand test (30secSTS)., Results: Sixty-eight healthcare workers with non-specific back pain were included in the evaluation study of the WHP project "Back Health 24/7/365". After six months, back pain, physical performance, and self-perceived physical functioning (SF-36 Physical Functioning subscale) improved significantly in both groups. Not a single parameter showed an interaction effect with the group allocation., Conclusions: A comprehensive WHP-intervention showed significant positive effects on hospital workers regardless of the physical characteristics of their work.

The article discusses issues surrounding the introduction of new forms of documents and the organization of document circulation in Ukraine during the Soviet period, revises the organization of office work and presents a selection of valuable documents. The authors also explore the organizational and scientific activities in the field of management, stipulated in regulatory enactments, and describe the creation of a network of public organizations, institutes and laboratories that dealt with issues of scientific organization of labor and reference activities. In the article, an analysis of the organization of office work and archival management through the evolution of regulatory framework is presented, highlighting the most important stages of the organization of documentation in the USSR. It is noted that, by the end of the 1980s, a holistic system of documentation support, which met at that time the requirements of Soviet business broadcasting and the standards of compiling official documents, had been formed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This observation as a mature Latinx immigrant critiques the Canadian museum complex as an observer (Spectator) and a 'curator' of my own experiences. The non-linear texts borrow from Julio Cortázar's Around the Day in Eighty Worlds. The formal shuttling between the essayistic register and the centre-formatted poetry borrows from the similarly auto-ethnographic, autotheoretical, work Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza, by Gloria E. Anzaldúa (1987). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sit-stand desks continue to be a popular intervention for office work. While previous studies have reported changes in subjective measures, there is limited understanding of how sit-stand work differs from prolonged sitting or standing work, from a biomechanical standpoint. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of prolonged sitting, prolonged standing, and a sit-stand paradigm on changes in trunk stiffness, low back discomfort, and trunk muscle activation. Twelve healthy participants performed 2 h of computer-based tasks in each protocol, on three different days. The sit-stand protocol was associated with a significant increase in trunk stiffness and a decrease in muscle activation of lumbar multifidus and longissimus thoracis pars thoracis, compared to both prolonged sitting and standing. Both sitting and standing were associated with increased low back discomfort. These findings may be worth exploring in more detail, for why alternating sit-stand patterns may help alleviate low back pain. Practitioner summary: We explored changes in objective and subjective measures related to low back discomfort following prolonged sitting, standing, and alternating sit-stand patterns. Alternating sit-stand pattern was associated with increased trunk stiffness and decreased back muscle activity. Hence, sit-stand desks may have benefits in terms of preventing/mitigating low back pain. Abbreviations: DOF: degree of freedom; EMG: electromyogram; ILL: iliocostalis lumborum pars lumborum; LTL: longissimus thoracis pars lumborum; LTT: longissimus thoracis pars thoracis; LBP: low back pain; LM: lumbar multifidus; MVEs: maximum isometric voluntary exertions; RANOVA: repeated-measure analysis of variance; RMS: root mean square [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: With the COVID-19 pandemic, organizations embraced Work From Home (WFH). An important component of transitioning to WFH is the effect on workers, particularly related to their productivity and work experience. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to examine how worker-, workspace-, and work-related factors affected productivity and time spent at a workstation on a typical WFH day during the pandemic. METHODS: An online questionnaire was designed and administered to collect the necessary information. Data from 988 respondents were included in the analyses. RESULTS: Overall perception of productivity level among workers did not change relative to their in-office productivity before the pandemic. Female, older, and high-income workers were likely to report increased productivity. Productivity was positively influenced by better mental and physical health statuses, having a teenager, increased communication with coworkers and having a dedicated room for work. Number of hours spent at a workstation increased by approximately 1.5 hours during a typical WFH day. Longer hours were reported by individuals who had school age children, owned an office desk or an adjustable chair, and had adjusted their work hours. CONCLUSION: The findings highlight key factors for employers and employees to consider for improving the WFH experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]