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2. Instrument for the assessment of road user automated vehicle acceptance: A pyramid of user needs of automated vehicles

Author

Nordhoff, Sina, Hagenzieker, Marjan, Lehtonen, Esko, Oehl, Michael, Wilbrink, Marc, Ozturk, Ibrahim, Maggi, David, Métayer, Natacha, Merlhiot, Gaëtan, and Merat, Natasha

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract

This study proposed a new methodological approach for the assessment of automated vehicle acceptance (AVA) from the perspective of road users inside and outside of AVs pre- and post- AV experience. Users can be drivers and passengers, but also external road users, such as pedestrians, (motor-)cyclists, and other car drivers, interacting with AVs. A pyramid was developed, which provides a hierarchical representation of user needs. Fundamental user needs are organized at the bottom of the pyramid, while higher-level user needs are at the top of the pyramid. The pyramid distinguishes between six levels of needs, which are safety trust, efficiency, comfort and pleasure, social influence, and well-being. Some user needs universally exist across users, while some are user-specific needs. These needs are translated into operationalizable indicators representing items of a questionnaire for the assessment of AVA of users inside and outside AVs. The formulation of the questionnaire items was derived from established technology acceptance models. As the instrument was based on the same model for all road users, the comparison of AVA between different road users is now possible. We recommend future research to validate this questionnaire, administering it in studies to contribute to the development of a short, efficient, and standardized metric for the assessment of AVA., Comment: 17 pages, 1 figure

Published
2023
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4. Human Factors Considerations of Remote Operation Supporting Level 4 Automation

Author

Schrank, Andreas, Merat, Natasha, Oehl, Michael, Wu, Yanbin, Meyer, Gereon, Series Editor, Beiker, Sven, Editorial Board Member, Bekiaris, Evangelos, Editorial Board Member, Cornet, Henriette, Editorial Board Member, D'Agosto, Marcio de Almeida, Editorial Board Member, Di Giusto, Nevio, Editorial Board Member, di Paola-Galloni, Jean-Luc, Editorial Board Member, Hofmann, Karsten, Editorial Board Member, Kováčiková, Tatiana, Editorial Board Member, Langheim, Jochen, Editorial Board Member, Van Mierlo, Joeri, Editorial Board Member, and Voege, Tom, Editorial Board Member

Published
2024
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6. A Roadmap Towards Remote Assistance: Outcomes from Multidisciplinary Workshop at the 2023 Intelligent Vehicles Symposium

Author

Aramrattana, Maytheewat, Schrank, Andreas, Andersson, Jonas, Zhao, Lin, Hermann, David, Mharolkar, Sanat, Vanzura, Marek, Habibovic, Azra, Oehl, Michael, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Stephanidis, Constantine, editor, Antona, Margherita, editor, Ntoa, Stavroula, editor, and Salvendy, Gavriel, editor

Published
2024
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7. Analyzing the Remote Operation Task to Support Highly Automated Vehicles – Suggesting the Core Task Analysis to Ensure the Human-Centered Design of the Remote Operation Station

Author

Koskinen, Hanna, Schrank, Andreas, Lehtonen, Esko, Oehl, Michael, Goos, Gerhard, Series Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, van Leeuwen, Jan, Series Editor, Hutchison, David, Editorial Board Member, Kanade, Takeo, Editorial Board Member, Kittler, Josef, Editorial Board Member, Kleinberg, Jon M., Editorial Board Member, Kobsa, Alfred, Series Editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Editorial Board Member, Mitchell, John C., Editorial Board Member, Naor, Moni, Editorial Board Member, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series Editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Editorial Board Member, Sudan, Madhu, Series Editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Editorial Board Member, Tygar, Doug, Editorial Board Member, Weikum, Gerhard, Series Editor, Vardi, Moshe Y, Series Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, and Krömker, Heidi, editor

Published
2024
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13. The More the Better? Comparison of Different On-Board HMI Communication Strategies for Highly Automated Vehicles Using a LED Light-Band to Inform Passengers About Safe Interactions with Multiple Surrounding Traffic Participants

Author

Wilbrink, Marc, Oehl, Michael, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Prates, Raquel Oliveira, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Stephanidis, Constantine, editor, Antona, Margherita, editor, Ntoa, Stavroula, editor, and Salvendy, Gavriel, editor

Published
2022
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14. Towards a Universal Explicit Communication Design of External Human-Machine Interfaces (eHMI) for Differently Sized Highly Automated Vehicles Evaluated by Different Pedestrian Age Groups

Author

Oehl, Michael, Lau, Merle, Gehreke, Laura, Wilbrink, Marc, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Prates, Raquel Oliveira, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Stephanidis, Constantine, editor, Antona, Margherita, editor, Ntoa, Stavroula, editor, and Salvendy, Gavriel, editor

Published
2022
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17. Scientists and drivers in-the-loop, on-the-loop or out-of-the-loop? Holistic human systems integration of teleoperated vehicles.

Author

Flemisch, Frank, Usai, Marcel, Schrank, Andreas, Oehl, Michael, Plum, Lena, Shi, Elisabeth, Baumann, Martin, and Bengler, Klaus

Subjects
SYSTEM integration, RESEARCH institutes, HUMAN beings
Abstract

Copyright of Automatisierungstechnik is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2024
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22. Efficient Communication of Automated Vehicles and Manually Driven Vehicles Through an External Human-Machine Interface (eHMI): Evaluation at T-Junctions

Author

Avsar, Hüseyin, Utesch, Fabian, Wilbrink, Marc, Oehl, Michael, Schießl, Caroline, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Prates, Raquel Oliveira, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Stephanidis, Constantine, editor, Antona, Margherita, editor, and Ntoa, Stavroula, editor

Published
2021
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23. Design of External Human-Machine Interfaces for Different Automated Vehicle Types for the Interaction with Pedestrians on a Shared Space

Author

Lau, Merle, Le, Duc Hai, Oehl, Michael, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Black, Nancy L., editor, Neumann, W. Patrick, editor, and Noy, Ian, editor

Published
2021
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28. Communicating Issues in Automated Driving to Surrounding Traffic - How should an Automated Vehicle Communicate a Minimum Risk Maneuver via eHMI and/or dHMI? : How Should an Automated Vehicle Communicate a Minimum Risk Maneuver via eHMI and/or dHMI?

Author

Schindler, Julian, Herbig, Domenic Lysander, Lau, Merle, Oehl, Michael, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Prates, Raquel Oliveira, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Stephanidis, Constantine, editor, Antona, Margherita, editor, and Ntoa, Stavroula, editor

Published
2020
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30. Designing Ride Access Points for Shared Automated Vehicles - An Early Stage Prototype Evaluation : An Early Stage Prototype Evaluation

Author

Hub, Fabian, Wilbrink, Marc, Kettwich, Carmen, Oehl, Michael, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Prates, Raquel Oliveira, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Stephanidis, Constantine, editor, Antona, Margherita, editor, and Ntoa, Stavroula, editor

Published
2020
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32. Affective Use Cases for Empathic Vehicles in Highly Automated Driving: Results of an Expert Workshop

Author

Oehl, Michael, Ihme, Klas, Pape, Anna-Antonia, Vukelić, Mathias, Braun, Michael, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, and Krömker, Heidi, editor

Published
2020
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48. Principles for External Human-Machine Interfaces

Author

Wilbrink, Marc, Cieler, Stephan, Weiß, Sebastian L., Beggiato, Matthias, Joisten, Philip, Feierle, Alexander, Oehl, Michael, Wilbrink, Marc, Cieler, Stephan, Weiß, Sebastian L., Beggiato, Matthias, Joisten, Philip, Feierle, Alexander, and Oehl, Michael

Abstract

Automated vehicles will soon be integrated into our current traffic system. This development will lead to a novel mixed-traffic environment where connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) will have to interact with other road users (ORU). To enable this interaction, external human–machine interfaces (eHMIs) have been shown to have major benefits regarding the trust and acceptance of CAVs in multiple studies. However, a harmonization of eHMI signals seems to be necessary since the developed signals are extremely varied and sometimes even contradict each other. Therefore, the present paper proposes guidelines for designing eHMI signals, taking into account important factors such as how and in which situations a CAV needs to communicate with ORU. The authors propose 17 heuristics, the so-called eHMI-principles, as requirements for the safe and efficient use of eHMIs in a systematic and application-oriented manner.

Published
2023

49. Emotion GaRage Vol. IV: Creating Empathic In-Vehicle Interfaces with Generative AIs for Automated Vehicle Contexts

Author

Choe, Mungyeong, Bosch, Esther, Dong, Jiayuan, Alvarez, Ignacio, Oehl, Michael, Jallais, Christophe, Alsaid, Areen, Nadri, Chihab, Jeon, Myounghoon, Choe, Mungyeong, Bosch, Esther, Dong, Jiayuan, Alvarez, Ignacio, Oehl, Michael, Jallais, Christophe, Alsaid, Areen, Nadri, Chihab, and Jeon, Myounghoon

Abstract

This workshop aims to design advanced empathic user interfaces for in-vehicle displays, particularly for high-level automated vehicles (SAE level 3 or higher). Incorporating model-based approaches for understanding human emotion regulation, it seeks to enhance the user-vehicle interaction. A unique aspect of this workshop is the integration of generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools in the design process. The workshop will explore generative AI’s potential in crafting contextual responses and its impact on user experience and interface design. The agenda includes brainstorming on various driving scenarios, developing emotion-oriented intervention methods, and rapid prototyping with AI tools. The anticipated outcome includes practical prototypes of affective user interfaces and insights on the role of AI in designing human-machine interactions. Through this workshop, we hope to contribute to making automated driving more accessible and enjoyable.

Published
2023

50. Human-Centered Design and Evaluation of a Workplace for the Remote Assistance of Highly Automated Vehicles

Author

Schrank, Andreas, Walocha, Fabian, Brandenburg, Stefan, Oehl, Michael, Schrank, Andreas, Walocha, Fabian, Brandenburg, Stefan, and Oehl, Michael

Abstract

Remotely operating vehicles utilizes the benefits of vehicle automation when fully automated driving is not yet possible. A human operator ensures safety and availability from afar and supports the vehicle automation when its capabilities are exceeded. The remote operator thus fulfills the legal requirements in Germany as a Technical Supervisor to operate highly automated vehicles at SAE 4. To integrate the remote operator into the automated driving system, a novel user-centered human-machine interface (HMI) for remote assistance workplaces was developed and initially evaluated. The insights gained in this process were incorporated into the design of a workplace prototype for remote assistance. This prototype was now tested in the study reported here by 34 participants meeting the professional background criteria for the role of Technical Supervisor according to the German law by using typical remote assistance scenarios created in a simulation environment. Even under elevated cognitive load induced by simultaneously engaging in a secondary task, participants were able to obtain sufficient situation awareness and quickly resolve the scenarios. The HMI also yielded favorable usability and acceptance ratings. The results of the study inform the iterative workplace development and further research on the remote assistance of highly automated vehicles.

Published
2023
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