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1. Transition to dolutegravir-based ART in 35 low- and middle-income countries: a global survey of HIV care clinics

Author

Zaniewski, Elizabeth, Skrivankova, Veronika Whitesell, Brazier, Ellen, Avihingsanon, Anchalee, Wagner Cardoso, Sandra, Cesar, Carina, Chenal, Henri, Crabtree-Ramírez, Brenda E., Ditangco, Rossana A., Ebasone, Peter Vanes, Eley, Brian, Euvrard, Jonathan George, Fatti, Geoffrey, Huwa, Jacqueline Madalitso, Lelo, Patricia, Machado, Daisy Maria, Messou, Eugene Kouassi, Minga, Albert Kla, Muleebwa, Joseph, Mundhe, Sanjay, Murenzi, Gad, Muyindike, Winnie R., Nsonde, Dominique Mahambou, Obatsa, Sarah M., Odhiambo, Joseph, Prozesky, Hans Walter, Rungmaitree, Supattra, Semeere, Aggrey Semwendero, Seydi, Moussa, Sipambo, Nosisa, Sudjaritruk, Tavitiya, Technau, Karl-Günter, Tiendrebeogo, Thierry, Twizere, Christelle, and Ballif, Marie

Published
2024
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2. Service delivery challenges in HIV care during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic: results from a site assessment survey across the global IeDEA consortium

Author

Brazier, Ellen, Ajeh, Rogers, Maruri, Fernanda, Musick, Beverly, Freeman, Aimee, Wester, C. William, Lee, Man?Po, Shamu, Tinei, Ramírez, Brenda Crabtree, D' Almeida, Marcelline, Wools?Kaloustian, Kara, Kumarasamy, N., Althoff, Keri N., Twizere, Christella, Grinsztejn, Beatriz, Tanser, Frank, Messou, Eugène, Byakwaga, Helen, Duda, Stephany N., Nash, Denis, Chansilpa, Chidchon, Dougherty, Trevor, Karminia, Azar, Law, Matthew, Ross, Jeremy, Sohn, Annette, Aguirre, Ivette, Baker, David, Bloch, Mark, Cabot, Safaa, Carr, Andrew, Couldwell, Deborah, Edwards, Sian, Eu, Beng, Farlow, Heather, Finlayson, Robert, Gunathilake, Manoji, Hazlewood, Cherie, Hoy, Jennifer, Langton?Lockton, Julian, Le, Jacqueline, Leprince, Elizabeth, Minc, Ariane, Moore, Richard, O'Sullivan, Maree, Roth, Norm, Rowling, Dianne, Russell, Darren, Ryder, Nathan, Saunders, Craig, Silvers, Julie, Smith, David J., Sowden, David, Sweeney, Grant, Tan, Lynn, Teague, Ricard, Templeton, David, Thng, Caroline, Woolley, Ian, Khol, Vohith, Ly, Penh Sun, Li, Tsz Hei, Po, Lee Man, Kinikar, Aarti, Kumarasamy, Nagalingeswaran, Mundhe, Sanjay, Pujari, Sanjay, Sangle, Shashikala, Nimkar, Smita, Jassin, Madelein, Kurniati, Nia, Merati, Tuti Parwati, Muktiarti, Dina, Amalia, Rizqi, Sukmawati, Ni Made Dewi Dian, Wati, Ketut Dewi Kumara, Yunihastuti, Evy, Tanuma, Junko, Choi, Jun Yong, Azwa, Raja Iskandar Shah Raja, Cheng, Chan Kwai, Gani, Yasmin Mohamed, Mohamed, Thahira Jamal, Moy, Fong Siew, Nallusamy, Revathy, Nor, Mohamad Zulfahami Mohd, Rudi, Nuraini, Shyan, Wong Peng, Yusoff, Nik Khairulddin Nik, Ditangco, Rossana, Chan, Yu?Jiun, Wu, Pei?Chieh, Wu, Ping?Feng, Avihingsanon, Anchalee, Chaiwarith, Romanee, Chokephaibulkit, Kulkanya, Khusuwan, Suwimon, Kiertiburanakul, Sasisopin, Kosalaraksa, Pope, Lumbiganon, Pagakrong, Ounchanam, Pradtana, Puthanakit, Thanyawee, Rungmaitree, Supattra, Solai, Nuttarika, Sudjaritruk, Tavitiya, An, Vu Thien, Cuong, Do Duy, Do, Chau Viet, Huy, Bui Vu, Quy, Tuan, Van Nguyen, Kinh, Nguyen, Luan, Nguyen, Van Lam, Nguyen, Yen Thi, Nong, Vuong Minh, Truong, Huu Khanh, Tuyen, Ngo Thi Thu, Mcgowan, Catherine C., Duda, Stephany, Cahn, Florencia, Cahn, Pedro, Cesar, Carina, Fink, Valeria, Sued, Omar, Coelho, Lara, Machado, Daisy Maria, Pinto, Jorge, Wolff, Marcelo, Rouzier, Vanessa, Padgett, Denis, Gotuzzo, Eduardo, Biziragusenyuka, Jérémie, Gateretse, Patrick, Nimbona, Pelagie, Niyonkuru, Olive, Twizere, Christelle, Anicetus, Surreng, Djenabou, Amadou, Enow, Priscilla, Mbu, Eyongetah, Manga, Martin, Ndobe, Mercy, Nasah, Judith, Ekossono, Elle Nathalie Syntyche, Bouseko, Mireille Teno, Kitetele, Faustin, Lelo, Patricia, Diafouka, Merlin Isidore Justin, Mafoua, Adolphe, Nsonde, Dominique Mahambou, Bihira, Uitonze Aime Maurice, Dusabe, Marie Chantal, Feza, Rosine, Habanabashaka, Jean Claude, Habumuremyi, Viateur, Igizeneza, Ernestine, Kamigisha, Anne Marie, Kubwimana, Gallican, Maniriho, Gilbert, Mbaraga, Gilbert, Muhoza, Benjamin, Mukakarangwa, Jeanne, Mukamana, Joyce, Mukanyirigira, Patricie, Mukeshimana, Yvone Claude, Munyaneza, Athanase, Murenzi, Gad, Musaninyange, Jacqueline, Nyiraneza, Jules Ndumuhire, Ntarambirwa, Fidele, Nyiraneza, Marie Louise, Tuyishime, Josette, Tuyishimire, Yvonne, Ubandutira, Alexis, Umugiraneza, Florance, Umugwaneza, Rosine, Uwamahoro, Olive, Uwamahoro, Pauline, Uwambaje, Marie Victoire, Uwimpuhwe, Clarisse, Uwiragiye, Siphora, Kuhn, Yee Yee, Adera, Felix, Adhiambo, Beatricec, Aggrey, Khaemba, Akadikor, Daniel, Ambulla, Felix, Apiyo, Dorah, Ariya, Patrick, Atemba, Naftal, Ayodi, Fridah, Benard, Chirchir, Bett, Maureen, Birgen, Serafine, Bwalei, Rael, Chebon, Nancy, Chebor, Valentine Jirry, Chebuiywo, Philip, Chemutai, Jacline, Chepkorir, Emily, Chepseba, Carolyne, Chirchir, John, Diero, Lameck, Dukwa, Benard, Elphas, Alice, Etyang, Tom, Idiama, Agnes, Jebichuko, Ann, Jepchumba, Delvine, Juma, Churchill, Juma, Maureen, Juma, Sheila, Kadima, Julie, Karani, Rose, Keitany, Christopher, Keter, Pricilla, Kiavoga, Lucy, Kibet, Harrison, Kimutai, Ruth, Kiplagat, Mutai, Kiprono, Wilfred, Kipruto, Nicholas Kogei, Kirimi, Asenath, Koech, Zeddy, Kosgei, Carolyne, Kutto, Karen, Kweyu, Mildred, Liech, Ephraim Kenneth, Limo, Milka, Maina, Rose, Marumbu, Priscah, Masese, Agnes, Mochotto, Patricia, Molly, Omudeck, Momanyi, Tom, Murutu, John W., Mwanda, Praxidis, Ndakalu, Lillian, Nderitu, Rose N., Obatsa, Sarah, Obiga, Fredrick, Oboya, Moses, Odhiambo, Joseph, Olaya, George, Omanyala, Oscar, Oray, Christine, Otieno, Molly, Otwane, Modesta Toto, Ouma, Paul, Owuor, Charles, Pepela, Doris Tutu, Pessah, Collins, Rotich, Evans, Rotich, Edwin K., Rutto, Titus C., Shikuku, Monica, Sibweche, Rose Naliaka, Simiyu, Robert Wanyonyi, Siria, Hellen, Some, Michael, Songok, Winnie Cherotich, Tanui, Immaculate, Wafula, Grace, Wambura, Rebecca, Wanjala, Ellah, Wanyama, Carolyne, Wanyonyi, Hellen, Woyakapel, Emmanuel, Zelbabel, Wandera, Gwimo, Dikengela, Kinyota, Ester, Lwali, Jerome, Lyamuya, Rita, Machemba, Richard, Mathias, Julia, Mkombachepa, Lilian, Mokiwa, Athuman, Mushi, Ombeni, Ndunguru, Charles, Ngonyani, Kapella, Nyaga, Charles, Ruta, Happiness, Urassa, Mark, Akanyihayo, James, Arinaitwe, Arnold, Batuuka, Jesca, Birungi, Walusimbi, Bugembe, John Nyanzi, Ddungu, Ahmed, Francis, Kato, Imran, Bangira, Kafuuma, George William, Kalulue, John Bosco, Kanaabi, Grace, Kanyesigye, Michale, Karuhanga, Godfery, Kasozi, Charles, Kasule, Godfrey, Katusime, Assumpta, Kibalama, Donozio, Kimera, Simon Peter, Kulusumu, Namatovu, Lule, Yusuf, Lwanga, Isaac, Mluindwa, Margaret, Moses, Jemba, Mubarak, Sseremba, Muggaga, Daniel, Mukalazi, Evelyn, Muleebwa, Joseph, Mulema, Derick, Musisi, Ivan, Muwawu, John, Muyindike, Winnie, Mwaka, Dick, Naava, Milly, Nabiyki, Immaculate, Nabusulwa, Agnes, Nakabugo, Dorah, Nakamya, Esther, Nakanwagi, Daisy, Nakato, Oliver, Nakayi, Lydian, Nakigozi, Patience, Nakku, Juliet, Nakuya, Juliet, Nakyomu, Justine, Namayanja, Joan, Namirembe, Sarah, Namugumya, Juliet, Namukasa, Ezereth, Namulindwa, Viola, Nankya, Irene, Nannyondo, Grace Mugagga, Nansamba, Harriet, Nansera, Denis, Nanyanzi, Brenda, Nanyonjo, Esther Celina, Nayiga, Irene, Opira, Isaac, Owarwo, Noela C., Resty, Sserunkuma, Semuwemba, Haruna, Senoga, Julius, Sseguya, Gerald, Ssekyewa, John Paul, Ssemakadde, Matthew, Tebajjwa, Jonah, Tugumisirize, Doreen, Tushemerirwe, Robinah, Waliyi, Kawuki, Althoff, Keri, Bishop, Jennifer, Gill, M J., Loutfy, Mona, Smith, Graham, Bamford, Laura, Black, Anthony, Brice, Asia, Brown, Sheldon, Colasanti, Jonathan, Duarte, Piper, Firnhaber, Cynthia, Goetz, Matthew, Grasso, Chris, Gripshover, Barbara, Horberg, Michael, Kelly, Rita, Levine, Ken, Luu, Mitchell, Marconi, Vincent, Maroney, Karen, Mayer, Kenneth, Mayor, Angel, Mcgowan, Catherine, Multani, Ami, Napravnik, Sonia, Nijhawan, Ank, Novak, Richard, Palella, Frank, Rodriguez, Maria C., Scott, Mia, Tedaldi, Ellen, Willig, James, Cornell, Morna, Davies, Mary?Ann, Egger, Matthias, Haas, Andreas, Bereng, Monkoe, Kalake, Maleshoane, Lenela, Keketso, Seretse, Relebohile, Chintenga, Matthews, Chiwoko, Jane, Gumulira, Joe, Huwa, Jacqueline, Maluwa, Rafique, Matanje, Beatrice, Mbewe, Ronald, Mfungwe, Sunshine, Mphande, Zakaliah, Tweya, Hannock, Rafael, Idiovino, Apolles, Patti, Beneke, Eunice, Dlamini, Siphephelo, Edson, Claire, Eley, Brian, Euvrard, Jonathan, Fatti, Geoffrey, Goeieman, Bridgette, Grimwood, Ashraf, Huang, David, Hugo, Susan, Ismail, Zahiera, Jennings, Lauren, Mathenjwa, Thulile, Monteith, Lizette, Mshweshwe, Zamuxolo, Ntuli, Mfundi, Ndlovu, En, Ndlozi, Hloniphile, Noyakaza, Sylvia, Prozesky, Hans, Rabie, Helena, Sipambo, Nosisa, Technau, Karl?Günter, Tembe, Thokozani, Xaba, Nontando, Njobvu, Thandiwe, Munthaly, Mary, Mwetwa, Elly, Kabeba, Gillian, Mwendafilumba, Derrick, Maanguka, Ethel, Manyika, Nelly, Mwansa, Chalwe, Banda, Future, Mwenda, Dickson, Bwalya, Abel, Shapi, Leah, Syame, Kasapo, Sashi, Rita, Mulenga, Chisha, Nanyangwe, Ruth, Chimbetete, Cleophas, Chinofunga, A., Mhike, J., Mubvigwi, E., Nyika, F., Quarter, Kumbirai Pise, Arikawa, Shino Chassagne, Becquet, Renaud, Bernard, Charlotte, Dabis, François, Desmonde, Sophie, Dahourou, Désiré, Ekouevi, Didier Koumavi, Jaquet, Antoine, Jesson, Julie, Leroy, Valeriane, Malateste, Karen, Rabourdin, Elodie, Tiendrebeogo, Thierry, Assogba, Michée, Zannou, Djimon Marcel, Hounhoui, Ghislaine, Bere, Denise, Poda, Armel, Pooda, Gbolo, Traore, Richard, Abauble, Yao, Abby, Ouattara, Acquah, Patrick, Andoble, Valérie, Aude, Yobo N'Dzama, Azani, Jean?Claude, Berete, Oka, Beugre, Jacques Daple, Bohoussou, Caroline Yao, Brou, Simon Boni Emmanuel, Chenal, Henri, Cissé, Abdoulaye, Coulibaly, Nambate, Dainguy, Marie Evelyne, Daligou, Marcelle, D' Aquin, Toni Thomas, Dasse, Claude Desire, Folquet, Madeleine Amorissani, Gnepa, Guy, Gobe, Olivier, Guira, Salif, Hawerlander, Denise, Horo, Apollinaire, Kanga, Guillaume, Messou, Zobo Konan Eugène, Minga, Kla Albert, Moh, Raoul, N'Gbeche, Mariesylvie, Ogbo, Patricia, Oulai, Mathieu, Stéphanie, Se, Eboua, Tanoh, Valère, Itchy Max, Afrane, Adwoa Kumiwa Asare, Akrofi, Esther, Andoh, John Christian, Renner, Lorna, Bagayoko, Awa, Bagayoko, Kadidiatou, Bah, Abdou Salam, Berthe, Alima, Coulibaly, Boureïma, Coulibaly, Fatimata, Coulibaly, Yacouba Aba, Diakité, Aïssata, Bocoum, Fatoumata, Boré, Fatoumata, Dicko, Fatoumata, Koné, Odile, Sylla, Mariam, Tangara, Assitan, Traoré, Mamadou, Seydi, Moussa, Amegatse, Edmond, Djossou, Julienne, Takassi, Elom, and Palanga, Sénam

Subjects
HIV (Viruses) -- Care and treatment -- Patient outcomes, Public health administration -- Evaluation, Health
Abstract

: Introduction: Interruptions in treatment pose risks for people with HIV (PWH) and threaten progress in ending the HIV epidemic; however, the COVID‐19 pandemic's impact on HIV service delivery across diverse settings is not broadly documented. Methods: From September 2020 to March 2021, the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) research consortium surveyed 238 HIV care sites across seven geographic regions to document constraints in HIV service delivery during the first year of the pandemic and strategies for ensuring care continuity for PWH. Descriptive statistics were stratified by national HIV prevalence ( Results: Questions about pandemic‐related consequences for HIV care were completed by 225 (95%) sites in 42 countries with low (n = 82), medium (n = 86) and high (n = 57) HIV prevalence, including low‐ (n = 57), lower‐middle (n = 79), upper‐middle (n = 39) and high‐ (n = 50) income countries. Most sites reported being subject to pandemic‐related restrictions on travel, service provision or other operations (75%), and experiencing negative impacts (76%) on clinic operations, including decreased hours/days, reduced provider availability, clinic reconfiguration for COVID‐19 services, record‐keeping interruptions and suspension of partner support. Almost all sites in low‐prevalence and high‐income countries reported increased use of telemedicine (85% and 100%, respectively), compared with less than half of sites in high‐prevalence and lower‐income settings. Few sites in high‐prevalence settings (2%) reported suspending antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic services, and many reported adopting mitigation strategies to support adherence, including multi‐month dispensing of ART (95%) and designating community ART pick‐up points (44%). While few sites (5%) reported stockouts of first‐line ART regimens, 10–11% reported stockouts of second‐ and third‐line regimens, respectively, primarily in high‐prevalence and lower‐income settings. Interruptions in HIV viral load (VL) testing included suspension of testing (22%), longer turnaround times (41%) and supply/reagent stockouts (22%), but did not differ across settings. Conclusions: While many sites in high HIV prevalence settings and lower‐income countries reported introducing or expanding measures to support treatment adherence and continuity of care, the COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in disruptions to VL testing and ART supply chains that may negatively affect the quality of HIV care in these settings., INTRODUCTION The COVID‐19 pandemic has had major direct and indirect impacts on population health globally, through disruptions in the accessibility and quality of basic health services [1], in supply chains [...]

Published
2022
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8. Theatre for Development in Kenya: Interrogating the Ethics of Practice

Author

Odhiambo Joseph, Christopher

Abstract

This paper is based on research that sought to investigate the procedures of theatre for community development in Kenya. This article was stimulated by this larger research and is particularly an interrogation of the ethics of practice in the enterprise of theatre for community development. It critically interrogates the roles of the different interested stakeholders, their motives and attitudes. The article also comments on possible strategies that can be introduced in the practice of theatre for development to inculcate a sense of acceptable ethics. The research that resulted in this paper employed both quantitative and qualitative research methods.

Published
2005

10. Supplement to: A Four-Month Gatifloxacin-Containing Regimen for Treating Tuberculosis

Author

Merle, Corinne S., Fielding, Katherine, Sow, Omou Bah, Gninafon, Martin, Lo, Mame B., Mthiyane, Thuli, Odhiambo, Joseph, Amukoye, Evans, Bah, Boubacar, Kassa, Ferdinand, NʼDiaye, Alimatou, Rustomjee, Roxana, de Jong, Bouke C., Horton, John, Perronne, Christian, Sismanidis, Charalambos, Lapujade, Olivier, Olliaro, Piero L., and Lienhardt, Christian

Published
2014

14. A Four-Month Gatifloxacin-Containing Regimen for Treating Tuberculosis

Author

Merle, Corinne S., Fielding, Katherine, Sow, Omou Bah, Gninafon, Martin, Lo, Mame B., Mthiyane, Thuli, Odhiambo, Joseph, Amukoye, Evans, Bah, Boubacar, Kassa, Ferdinand, NʼDiaye, Alimatou, Rustomjee, Roxana, de Jong, Bouke C., Horton, John, Perronne, Christian, Sismanidis, Charalambos, Lapujade, Olivier, Olliaro, Piero L., and Lienhardt, Christian

Published
2014
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15. Current Perspective to Economics and Management Vol. 4

Author

Gururaj Kulkarni, Monday Osemeke, Rashidah Mohamad Ibrahim, Mohamad Hisyam Selamat, Guo Wan Ran, Bui Thi Thu Loan, Majdi Anwar Quttainah, Dinh Tran Ngoc Huy, Cristina Rovera, Raude John O. Messo, Srinivas Nowduri, Owino Odhiambo Joseph, Nguyen Duy Mau, Mohammad Zulfeequar Alam, Aziz Amin, Nor Mazlina Abu Bakar, Marina Damilano, Nguyen Dac Anh Chuong, Nguyen Thi Phuong Hong, Kibera Francis, Solomon Kinyanjui, Pham Tuan Anh, and Ahmad Firdause Md Fazil

Subjects
Perspective (graphical), Sociology, Current (fluid), Positive economics
Published
2020
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16. The role for government health centers in provision of same-day voluntary HIV counseling and testing in Kenya

Author

Arthur, Gilly R., Ngatia, Gilbert, Mutemi, Roselyn, Odhiambo, Joseph, Gilks, Charles F., and Rachier, Cecilia

Subjects
Health counseling -- Methods, HIV testing -- Methods, Medical centers -- Management, Company business management, Health
Abstract

The role of primary health centers in provision of voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) in Kenya is explored. The study helped initiate a new strategy of health center-based VCT in Kenya and indicated that the government health centers in Kenya can be appropriate providers of VCT.

Published
2005

17. Risk factors for pneumonia in urban-dwelling HIV-infected women: a case-control study in Nairobi, Kenya

Author

Penner, Jeremy, Meier, Amalia S., Mwachari, Christina, Ayuka, Francis, Muchina, Belinda, Odhiambo, Joseph, and Cohen, Craig R.

Subjects
Epidemiology -- Statistics, Epidemiology -- Research, HIV patients -- Demographic aspects, HIV patients -- Case studies, HIV patients -- Health aspects, HIV patients -- Care and treatment, HIV infection -- Risk factors, HIV infection -- Demographic aspects, HIV infection -- Prevention, HIV infection -- Research, HIV infection -- Health aspects, Women -- Diseases, Women -- Health aspects, Women -- Demographic aspects, Bacterial pneumonia -- Prevention, Bacterial pneumonia -- Demographic aspects, Bacterial pneumonia -- Health aspects, Bacterial pneumonia -- Causes of, Pneumonia, AIDS (Disease) -- Research, Health
Abstract

Research has been carried out on HIV-infected women in sub-Saharan Africa. The role of socioeconomic, demographic and environmental risk factors for pneumonia in these women has been investigated, and the details are reported.

Published
2003

20. Respiratory tract infection in HIV-1-infected adults in Nairobi, Kenya: evaluation of risk factors and the World Health Organization treatment algorithm

Author

Mwachari, Christina W., Cohen, Craig R., Meier, Amalia S., Nganga, Lucy W., Kimari, Joseph N., and Odhiambo, Joseph A.

Subjects
Respiratory tract infections -- Drug therapy, HIV infection -- Complications, Health
Abstract

The World Health Organization guidelines for treating respiratory tract infections in HIV patients made need to be updated. In a study of 360 HIV patients, one-third of the patients who developed a bronchitis or pneumonia did not respond to the treatments recommended in the guidelines.

Published
2001

28. Top Management Team Characteristics, Competitive Environment and Strategy Implementation

Author

Wasike Shadrack Mayende and Owino Odhiambo Joseph

Subjects
Strategy implementation, Competition (economics), Process management, Event (computing), Process (engineering), Factory (object-oriented programming), Business, Stewardship, Moderation, Test (assessment)
Abstract

Competing favorably in the market requires finding a perfect fit between a firm’s resources and the business environment. Strategy is the stewardship by top management that aligns organizational resources and capabilities to the environment with the ultimate goal of achieving superior and sustainable performance. The current study was designed to determine the influence of competitive environment on the relationship between top management team characteristics and strategy implementation. The study adopted the descriptive cross-sectional survey design. Data was obtained by administering structured questionnaire mailed to top managers in tea factory companies in Kenya. The moderation test was carried out using the product term of the standardized scores for top management team characteristics and competitive environment respectively. Data was processed through regression analysis. While we demonstrate that top management team characteristics had significant influence on strategy implementation, the results of moderation tests were not statistically significant. Consequently, our hypothesized moderating influence of competitive environment on the relationship between top management team characteristics and strategy implementation was not supported. Our findings raise theoretical questions on whether competitive environment is more relevant during strategy formulation process or execution stage. We conclude that companies implementing strategy in stable competitive environment have predictable implementation of planned strategy. We further conclude that external insulation from competition by umbrella marketing agency reduces the influence of factors within the competitive environment on the relationship between top management team characteristics and strategy implementation. However, the temporary insulation of the firm from competition exposes it to competitive disadvantage in the event that the marketing agency is destabilized by forces both from within and external to it.

Published
2020
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29. A pivotal registration phase III, multicenter, randomized tuberculosis controlled trial: design issues and lessons learnt from the Gatifloxacin for TB (OFLOTUB) project

Author

Merle Corinne SC, Sismanidis Charalambos, Sow Oumou, Gninafon Martin, Horton John, Lapujade Olivier, Lo Mame, Mitchinson Denis A, Perronne Christian, Portaels Francoise, Odhiambo Joseph, Olliaro Piero, Rustomjee Roxana, Lienhardt Christian, and Fielding Katherine

Subjects
Randomized controlled trial, Tuberculosis treatment, Non-inferiority design, Multicenter, Design issues, Phase III, Gatifloxacin, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Abstract Background There have been no major advances in tuberculosis (TB) drug development since the first East African/British Medical Research Council short course chemotherapy trial 35 years ago. Since then, the landscape for conducting TB clinical trials has profoundly changed with the emergence of HIV infection, the spread of resistant TB bacilli strains, recent advances in mycobacteriological capacity, and drug discovery. As a consequence questions have arisen on the most appropriate approach to design and conduct current TB trials. To highlight key issues discussed: Is a superiority, equivalence, or non-inferiority design most appropriate? What should be the primary efficacy outcome? How to consider re-infections in the definition of the outcome? What is the optimal length of patient follow-up? Is blinding appropriate when treatment duration in test arm is shorter? What are the appropriate assumptions for sample size calculation? Methods Various drugs are currently in the development pipeline. We are presenting in this paper the design of the most recently completed phase III TB trial, the OFLOTUB project, which is the pivotal trial of a registration portfolio for a gatifloxacin-containing TB regimen. It is a randomized, open-label, multicenter, controlled trial aiming to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a gatifloxacin-containing 4-month regimen (trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov database: NCT00216385). Results In the light of the recent scientific and regulatory discussions, we discuss some of the design issues in TB clinical trials and more specifically the reasons that guided our choices, in order to best answer the trial objectives, while at the same time satisfying regulatory authority requirements. Conclusion When shortening TB treatment, we are advocating for a non-inferiority, non-blinded design, with a composite unfavorable endpoint assessed 12 months post treatment completion, and added trial procedures specifically aiming to: (1) minimize endpoint unavailability; and (2) distinguish between relapse and re-infection.

Published
2012
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31. Which population level environmental factors are associated with asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema? Review of the ecological analyses of ISAAC Phase One

Author

Asher M Innes, Stewart Alistair W, Mallol Javier, Montefort Stephen, Lai Christopher KW, Aït-Khaled Nadia, and Odhiambo Joseph

Subjects
Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

Abstract The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase One showed large worldwide variations in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema, up to 10 to 20 fold between countries. Ecological analyses were undertaken with ISAAC Phase One data to explore factors that may have contributed to these variations, and are summarised and reviewed here. In ISAAC Phase One the prevalence of symptoms in the past 12 months of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema were estimated from studies in 463,801 children aged 13 - 14 years in 155 centres in 56 countries, and in 257,800 children aged 6-7 years in 91 centres in 38 countries. Ecological analyses were undertaken between symptom prevalence and the following: Gross National Product per capita (GNP), food intake, immunisation rates, tuberculosis notifications, climatic factors, tobacco consumption, pollen, antibiotic sales, paracetamol sales, and outdoor air pollution. Symptom prevalence of all three conditions was positively associated with GNP, trans fatty acids, paracetamol, and women smoking, and inversely associated with food of plant origin, pollen, immunisations, tuberculosis notifications, air pollution, and men smoking. The magnitude of these associations was small, but consistent in direction between conditions. There were mixed associations of climate and antibiotic sales with symptom prevalence. The potential causality of these associations warrant further investigation. Factors which prevent the development of these conditions, or where there is an absence of a positive correlation at a population level may be as important from the policy viewpoint as a focus on the positive risk factors. Interventions based on small associations may have the potential for a large public health benefit.

Published
2010
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36. Pro-Environmental Consumer Behavior: A Critical Review of Literature

Author

Owino Odhiambo Joseph

Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Citation index, Theory of planned behavior, Theory of reasoned action, Denial, 0502 economics and business, Sustainable consumption, 050211 marketing, Norm (social), Psychology, Social psychology, 050203 business & management, Consumer behaviour, media_common
Abstract

The damage to the environment caused by commercial activities and consumption behaviours has become a reason for concern in recent times. Sustainable consumption and drivers behind it was the main objective of the study. The study is a critical review of literature on pro-environmental behaviours with focus on theory, behavioural drivers and inhibitors. The review covered conceptual and empirical papers selected from peer reviewed articles with high citation index. Behaviour change theories including theory of reasoned action, theory of planned behaviour, norm activation theory and goal framing theory were reviewed. In light of theory, attitude, behavioural intention and perceived consequences are the major variables that cause pro-environmental behaviour. Nevertheless, norm activation theory fails to explain behaviour where people are in denial of responsibility for the consequences of their consumption. The study established that pro-environmental behaviour is caused by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors include environmental awareness and knowledge, attitude, consumer age, education, and concern for the environment. Extrinsic factors including income, social network and culture bridge the gap between attitude and pro-environmental behaviour. Perceived high price and lack of trust for green products were the major barriers to sustainable consumption behaviours. The study concludes that interaction between consumer attitude and favourable contextual factors lead to pro-environmental behaviours.

Published
2019
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37. Serial counts of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum as surrogate markers of the sterilising activity of rifampicin and pyrazinamide in treating pulmonary tuberculosis

Author

Mitchison Denis, Odhiambo Joseph, and Brindle Richard

Subjects
Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

Abstract Background Since the sterilising activity of new antituberculosis drugs is difficult to assess by conventional phase III studies, surrogate methods related to eventual relapse rates are required. Methods A suitable method is suggested by a retrospective analysis of viable counts of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 12-hr sputum collections from 122 newly diagnosed patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Nairobi, done pretreatment and at 2, 7, 14 and 28 days. Treatment was with isoniazid and streptomycin, supplemented with either thiacetazone (SHT) or rifampicin + pyrazinamide (SHRZ). Results During days 0–2, a large kill due to isoniazid occurred, unrelated to treatment or HIV status; thereafter it decreased exponentially. SHRZ appeared to have greater sterilising activity than SHT during days 2–7 (p = 0.044), due to rifampicin, and during days 14–28, probably due mainly to pyrazinamide. The greatest discrimination between SHRZ and SHT treatments was found between regression estimates of kill over days 2–28 (p = 0.0005) in patients who remained positive up to 28 days with homogeneous kill rates. No associations were found between regression estimates and the age, sex, and extent of disease or cavitation. An increased kill in HIV seropositive patients, unrelated to the treatment effect, was evident during days 2–28 (p = 0.007), mainly during days 2–7. Conclusions Surrogate marker studies should either be in small groups treated with monotherapy during days 2 to about 7 or as add-ons or replacements in isoniazid-containing standard regimens from days 2 to 28 in large groups.

Published
2001
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38. The ‘invisible’ drama/theatre in education curriculum in Kenya

Author

Christopher Odhiambo Joseph

Subjects
Literature and Literary Theory, Visual Arts and Performing Arts, Higher education, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Media studies, Education, Intervention (law), Vignette, Expression (architecture), State (polity), Pedagogy, Mainstream, Sociology, business, Curriculum, media_common, Drama
Abstract

This vignette presents the state of theatre in Education Kenya. The paper argues that though there are several theatre in education like practices, these have not been entrenched in the school curriculum. Theatre in Education finds expression and manifestations outside the mainstream school curriculum for instance in schools and colleges drama festivals, through performance of set books and also as intervention theatre to address a myriad of problems in the society.

Published
2016
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40. Top Management Team Characteristics, Strategy Implementation and Performance of Tea Factory Companies in Kenya

Author

Shadrack Mayende Wasike and Owino Odhiambo Joseph

Subjects
Strategy implementation, education.field_of_study, Knowledge management, Convergent validity, Software deployment, Production manager, business.industry, Population, Business, education, Institutional theory, Organizational performance, Rigour
Abstract

The study was designed to examine the indirect influence of top management team characteristics on performance of tea factory companies in Kenya. This study was guided by the upper echelons theory and the institutional theory. The objective of the study was to examine the influence of strategy implementation on the relationship between top management team characteristics and performance. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was adopted. The population of the study comprised tea factory companies in Kenya managed by the Kenya Tea Development Agency Limited. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaire targeting factory unit manager, production manager, finance manager and field services manager. Rigour was tested by examining reliability scores and factor analysis. The reliability scores were high and within acceptable range for purposes of analysis. Results of factor analysis demonstrate high presence of construct and convergent validity. Data were analyzed through regression analysis. Our results support the supposition of indirect influence of top management team characteristics on performance. We empirically demonstrate that strategy implementation fully mediates the relationship between top management team characteristics and performance. The study contributes to the stock of knowledge by challenging the previously held belief that top management team characteristics directly influences performance. We conclude that organizational performance is the result of effective deployment of top management skills and experiences in the execution of strategy rather than the mere constellation of characteristics held by top managers.

Published
2016
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41. Organizational Culture and Performance: Evidence From Microfinance Institutions in Kenya

Author

Francis Kibera and Owino Odhiambo Joseph

Subjects
Microfinance, business.industry, General Arts and Humanities, 05 social sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, General Social Sciences, Organizational culture, Accounting, Survey research, 02 engineering and technology, lcsh:History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, law.invention, lcsh:Social Sciences, lcsh:H, Debt-to-equity ratio, law, lcsh:AZ20-999, 021105 building & construction, 0502 economics and business, business, 050203 business & management
Abstract

The study aimed at determining the influence of organizational culture on the performance of microfinance institutions in Kenya. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was adopted. Secondary data were collected from annual reports by the Association of Microfinance Institutions in Kenya and the Microfinance Rating Africa. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaire targeting the chief executive officer, human resource manager, and marketing manager. Data were analyzed using factor analysis and hierarchical regression. Our analysis identifies clan and hierarchy as the dominant cultural typologies in the microfinance industry. The results obtained demonstrate that organizational culture has a significant influence on non market performance. In addition, market culture is inversely associated with debt/equity ratio. We conclude that organizational culture is a major source of sustainable competitive advantage in the microfinance industry. Furthermore, we conclude that market culture promotes financial independence and sustainability in the long term.

Published
2019
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42. REVIEWS

Author

André Crous, Christopher Odhiambo Joseph, Yvette Hutchison, and Temple Hauptfleisch

Subjects
Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Published
2008
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43. The Influence of Organizational Culture and Market Orientation on Performance of Microfinance Institutions in Kenya

Author

Kibera Francis and Owino Odhiambo Joseph

Subjects
Microfinance, education.field_of_study, Population, Organizational culture, Survey research, Organizational commitment, Competitive advantage, law.invention, law, Market orientation, Mediation, Economics, Marketing, education
Abstract

The objective of our study is to assess the influence of organizational culture and market orientation on performance. The population of the study comprise microfinance institutions that are members of the Association of Microfinance Institutions (AMFI) in Kenya. We used descriptive cross-sectional survey design. We collected primary data using structured questionnaire. We test our hypotheses through regression analysis. Our results demonstrate that organizational culture significantly and positively influence variations in performance. The partial mediation effect of market orientation on the relationship between organizational culture and performance was confirmed. The complimentary effect of organizational culture on market orientation implies that organizations need to spend more resources in nurturing market orientation to create sustainable competitive advantage through delivery of superior customer experience. We conclude that the influence of organizational culture and market orientation on performance is more plausible for mature industries regarded as diverse in terms of customer needs.

Published
2015
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44. REVIEWS

Author

Christopher Odhiambo Joseph and Christopher Warnes

Subjects
Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Published
2004
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46. Africa! (Re)source of theatre—The 50th International Federation for Theatre Research (IFTR) Conference, Stellenbosch. 10–14 July 2007

Author

Christopher Odhiambo Joseph

Subjects
Scholarship, Visual Arts and Performing Arts, Political science, Media studies, Theme (narrative)
Abstract

This was a significant IFTR conference for it was not only taking place on the African continent but, more importantly, it was also about African theatre, as the theme of the conference explicitly pronounced: ''Theatre in Africa: Africa in the Theatre". So Africa became the site, the content and the meaning of the conference's performance. Africa was both source and resource of theatre scholarship.

Published
2007
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47. Gram Stain and Quantitative Sputum Culture in Bacteriological Assessment of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection

Author

Odhiambo, Joseph A., Oishi, Kazunori, Watanabe, Kiwao, Nagatake, Tsuyoshi, Suzuki, Hiroshi, and Matsumoto, Keizo

Subjects
fluids and secretions, respiratory tract diseases
Abstract

We evaluated the clinical role of Gram-stained smears and quantitative culture in examining sputum specimens from patients with respiratory infections. Fresh eputum specimens (75 prospectively and 86 retrospectively) from elderly patients with predominantly chronic pulmonary disorders were submitted to this study. The respiratory pathogenic organisms were isolated more frequently from high quality sputum defined by a modified sputum screening system on Gram-stained sputum smears. In this study, 34.8% of specimens examined were qualified for rejection. A significantly positive correlation between the number of dominant bacteria on Gram-stained smears and the subsequently isolated pathogens was demonstrated. The modified sputum screening system used in the present study is recommended for routine laboratory use to save technical and financial resources, and to enhance the diagnostic value of sputum specimens., 熱帯医学 Tropical medicine 32(3). p115-120, 1990

Published
1990

48. Preventive measures section 1: early interventions

Author

Høst, Arne, Boner, Attilio, and Odhiambo, Joseph

Subjects
Hypersensitivity, Immediate, Evidence-Based Medicine, wheezing, atopic eczema, Infant, Newborn, Infant, asthma, Allergens, gastrointestinal symptoms, Risk Factors, Child, Preschool, Children, Hypersensitivity, Humans, Immunotherapy
Published
2004
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49. Found and lost in Africa

Author

Odhiambo, Joseph

Subjects
Mali -- Political aspects, Coups d'etat -- Personal narratives, General interest, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

Byline: JOSEPH ODHIAMBO FACTS & ARGUMENTS / THE ESSAY The day began with a chance encounter with a taxi driver named Ali. I met him after faulty directions left me [...]

Published
2012

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