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Reticulocyte hemoglobin (CHr) is a measure of the amount of hemoglobin in reticulocytes and a marker of cell hemoglobinization. In this study, we aimed to find the optimal cut-off point for reticulocyte hemoglobin to diagnose iron deficiency anemia using multiple methods. A total of 309 patients were included. The median age at diagnosis was 54 years. Most were females (71.2%). 68% had iron deficiency anemia. Patients with IDA had significantly lower levels of CHr compared to those who had non-IDA (p < 0.0001). The optimal cut-off value of CHr for detecting IDA, determined using various methods, was 30.15 pg. This cut-off point had a sensitivity of 87.8% and a specificity of 77.7%. CHr showed a significant positive correlation with hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, serum iron, serum ferritin, and transferrin saturation and a significant negative correlation with total iron-binding capacity. CHr levels correlate with most established laboratory tests for IDA. It reliably detects IDA. Our results indicate the importance of CHr in diagnosing IDA, and that CHr should be used more widely in suspected cases of IDA since it is a cheap, fast, and reliable test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Amidst the global dissemination of the COVID-19 virus, higher education institutions have increasingly embraced online learning, giving rise to the widespread adoption of virtual classrooms. This shift from physical to virtual instructional models presents a blend of challenges and advantages. Numerous factors impede the implementation of online education in developing nations like Jordan. This research seeks to illuminate the technical and psychological implications inherent in transitioning from traditional to online education in Jordanian academic institutions. Technical considerations include the selection and effectiveness of e-learning applications, devices used by educators and students, instructor technical proficiency, and the evolution of technical competencies over the past eight months. Simultaneously, psychological variables, encompassing academic dishonesty, concentration disparities in online versus in-person exams, and perceived academic earnestness in the online learning environment, are examined. Method-Inductive and deductive methodologies were employed for data collection and analysis in this study. A total of 614 participants contributed to the dataset through online questionnaires and academic publications. Furthermore, 16 successful semi-structured interviews were conducted with key stakeholders, including vice-chancellors, school deans, department heads, e-learning systems specialists, and lecturers. Findings- The consequential outcomes of this study were amalgamated with a theoretical foundation to formulate a framework delineating the fundamental factors influencing the shift to online learning. Various data analysis technologies, including NVivo, Microsoft Business Intelligence (BI), Microsoft Visio, and additional tools, were employed in the execution of this research. Originality/Significance- This study provides significant empirical evidence concerning the sudden implementation of online learning within the higher education system of a developing country, which previously lacked a virtual infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, lung cancer affected 2.2 million individuals and caused 1.8 million deaths in 2021. Lung cancer is caused by smoking, genetics and other factors. IFN-γ has anticancer activity. However, the mechanism by which IFN-γ has an effect on lung cancer is not fully understood. The present study aimed to assess the effect of IFN-γ on the peripheral lymphocytes of patients with lung cancer compared with healthy controls. The efficacy of IFN-γ against oxidative stress was assessed using a comet repair assay and the effects of IFN-γ on p53, PARP1 and OGG1 genes and protein levels in lymphocytes was evaluated by RT-qPCR and western blotting. DNA damage was significantly reduced in the lymphocytes of patients treated with IFN-γ. However, there was no effect in the cells of healthy individuals after treatment with naked IFN-γ [IFN-γ (N)] and liposomal IFN-γ [IFN-γ (L)]. Following treatment with IFN-γ (N) and IFN-γ (L), the p53, PARP1 and OGG1 protein and gene expression levels were significantly increased (P<0.001). It has been suggested that IFN-γ may induce p53-mediated cell cycle arrest and DNA repair in patients. These findings supported the idea that IFN-γ (N) and IFN-γ (L) may serve a significant role in the treatment of lung cancer, via cell cycle arrest of cancer cells and repair mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]