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Background: Enzymatically active biomaterials, which are used in a variety of applications, such as tissue engineering and biosensors, have been the subject of research. Protein engineers created self-assembling enzymes as a result of improvements in the manufacturing and design of peptide-based biomaterials. In this regard, enzymes with cross-linking domains make it possible to create biomaterials that have a number of benefits, such as simple low-cost production, homogenous dispersion of activity in the hydrogel, and the ability to co-localize enzymes, which can all work together to increase the protein's stability. Method: To test this theory, we combined lipases with leucine zipper domains to produce enzyme building blocks that self-assembled into lipolytic hydrogels. In this work, a chimeric protein with self-assembling capabilities was produced by introducing leucine zippers through a pET plasmid into the hydrogel-forming triblock polypeptide and the gene of interest. The chimaera was shown to have improved solubility and stability as well as the ability to form soluble aggregates. Additionally, the hydrogel's catalytic capabilities for several substrates were investigated. Results: It could be concluded that the triblock peptide increased the solubility of protein by reducing the inclusion body formation. Thereby, increasing the purified protein concentration. In order to create bifunctional lipolytic hydrogels, the study combines the self-assembly function of leucine zippers with the catalytic activity of lipase. The self-assembling enzymatic gels offer an attractive method for in vivo enzyme entrapment with wide applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Municipal solid waste (MSW) consists of the waste obtained from various sources like households, industries, municipalities and other commercial areas. Common landfill and incineration strategies are insufficient to process the waste generated on daily basis. Municipal solid waste contains significant amounts of organic carbon (50–60%) that has great potential for the production of fuels and value‐added products. This review discusses the composition of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and waste processing strategies that enable organic carbon recovery compared with conventional methods. Changes in the composition of MSW worldwide and the factors influencing it in various regions are discussed in this study. The processing of diverse OFMSW through thermochemical methods such as incineration, gasification, pyrolysis, torrefaction and hydrothermal carbonization is discussed here with the results of densification or gasification of the organic carbon, enabling its chemical transformation. Additionally, the combined methods, where OFMSW is pre‐treated followed by enzymatic hydrolysis for the conversion of OFMSW to monomeric sugars have also been described. Globally, to ensure sustainable solid waste management and efficient carbon recycling, combined methodologies seem more appropriate. The study also attempts to list the different attempts across the globe that highlight this concept of the transformation of waste into materials and chemicals, improving its commercial value. The commercial success of such OFMSW processing attempts can provide momentum for establishing sustainable treatment technologies and reaping profits, laying the groundwork for a strong and complete carbon‐recycling environment and circular carbon‐based economy. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]