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An earthworm checklist has produced 78 nominal taxa (species/subspecies) of earthworm reported to date in Venezuela. The list of nominal taxa was obtained through literature review and the distribution maps were plotted by ecoregion. The 78 species/subspecies are divided into 24 genera and 6 families. Native earthworm species were more widely distributed than peregrine and exotic and are more associated with the conserved areas. Exotic species had been collected mainly in the north of the country in areas with at least some disturbance history. The peregrine species P. corethrurus is also widely distributed but with a preference for disturbed areas or related to its native natural grassland condition near the Guayana’s shield. This is the first accurate assessment of Venezuela's earthworm species and subspecies in the last 14 years.

Over 150 species of earthworms are known from the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest, but many more are expected to live in this megadiverse biome. In the present study, we evaluated earthworm species occurrence and diversity in native and reforested areas in four National Forests in three Brazilian states: Três Barras National Forest (Santa Catarina), Irati and Piraí do Sul National Forests (Paraná) and Capão Bonito National Forest (São Paulo) using formalin and hand sorting methods. A total of 13 species were found, five exotic and eight natives (of which four were new, undescribed species), belonging to six genera and five families (Rhinodrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Ocnerodrilidae, Benhamiidae, Megascolecidae). In general, higher number of earthworms were collected in Araucaria plantations, except in Capão Bonito where Pinus sp. plantations had higher abundance. Hand sorting also collected more species in all forests, so this should be the preferred sampling method to evaluate earthworm communities. Formalin extraction was efficient only for epi-endogeic earthworms, most of them exotic species. Exotic pine species plantations tend to reduce species richness and abundance, compared with native forests and Araucaria plantations, and substitution of native vegetation for pine plantations should consider potential negative effects on soil animal populations.

Soils, in addition to supporting agricultural production, are the source of a wide diversity of essential ecosystem functions and services performed by invertebrate organisms. Earthworms play a key role as ecosystem engineers, but little is known about the diversity of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and even less concerning land-use conversion scenarios. Earthworms were sampled using the TSBF method in natural grassland (NG1) in July 2018 and subsequently converted to soybean in an agropastoral system (AP) in December 2018 and July 2019. In July 2019 a nearby natural grassland (NG2) was also sampled and considered as a reference. The earthworms were identified to family, genus and/or species, and the total number of individuals and proportion of native and exotic species were calculated and presented. A total of 583 individuals were collected and seven species were identified: three native species—Kerriona sp.7, Kerriona sp.8, Eukerria rosea; and four exotic/peregrine species—Amynthas corticis, Dichogaster bolaui, Bimastos parvus, Pontoscolex corethrurus. The two native Kerriona species are new to science and were found after the conversion of the area. The other native species (Eukerria rosea), also found after the conversion, had a high number of individuals in the last sample. The results can be related to the availability and changing of resources, due to the conversion of the land use with a high rain preceding the winter season.

Two new species of the earthworm genus Pontoscolex found in San Casimiro County, northern Venezuela are described. Because of some morphological variability, and to improve the previous description, we redescribe Onychochaeta windlei and Rhinodrilus fuenzalidae collected at La Cortada settlement, Miranda state. Pontoscolex (Mesoscolex) juanae sp. n. and Pontoscolex (Nulloscolex) hugoi subgen. n., sp. n have three pairs of tiny calciferous glands in 7th to 9th segments, with a simple tubular structure similar to that of the genus Onychochaeta; however, testes and funnels are enclosed in sacs in the 11th segment similar to the Pontoscolex. We also report the occurrences of Pontoscolex (Pontoscolex) corethrurus Müller, 1857, Metaphire houlleti (Perrier, 1872), Perionyx excavatus Perrier, 1872, Dichogaster bolaui (Michaelsen, 1891), and Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826).

The state of Goiás and the Federal District together cover an area of about 346 thousand km2, including the diversified Cerrado vegetation, also known as the Brazilian Savanna, a biodiversity hotspot with many endangered and endemic species. Much of the Cerrado has been converted to agriculture, but little is known of its earthworms, and the impacts of land use management and agricultural practices on their density and diversity. In the present paper we review the known earthworm species in Goiás and the Federal District based on historical and museum records, and update information on their distribution and populations in different counties and land use systems with data from recent samplings. Five additional species are reported here for the first time, raising the total to 12 species currently known from Goiás, from the families Benhamiidae (1), Glossoscolecidae (1), Megascolecidae (3), Ocnerodrilidae (2) and Rhinodrilidae (5). In the Federal District, an additional 10 species are reported, bringing the total to 23 earthworm species, belonging to the families Benhamiidae (4), Eudrilidae (1), Glossoscolecidae (2), Ocnerodrilidae (1), Lumbricidae (2), Megascolecidae (1) and Rhinodrilidae (12). Native species in Goiás (6) were found in areas with lesser disturbance, such as in native forest and flooded areas/river banks, a phenomenon also observed in the Federal District. On the other hand, the exotic and peregrine species found in Goiás (6) and in the Federal District (9) dominated in disturbed sites, such as perennial crops, agroforestry, annual crops, urban areas, secondary forests, pastures and agropastoral systems, among others. Given the many new species found and the extension of Goiás and the Federal District, further effort is needed to adequately characterize the earthworm fauna of the region, from where many other species are expected.

Bruz, Lilianne Dos Santos Maia, Santos, Alessandra, Demetrio, Wilian C., Primo, Daniele De Freitas, Feliciano, Luana Priscila, Fernandes, Carlos Henrique, Bartz, Marie L. C., Bernardi, Alberto Carlos De Campo, Pezzopane, José Ricardo Macedo, Brown, George Gardner (2023): Earthworms in various agricultural and forest ecosystems in São Carlos-SP Brazil. Zootaxa 5255 (1): 324-335, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.26, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.26

Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) gracilis (Michaelsen) BRDF0008 (2 adults), BRDF0012 (1 adult), BRDF0017 (4 adults), BRDF0028 (1 adult), BRDF0035 (5 adults), BRDF0039 (5 adults), BRDF0043 (7 adults), BRDF0046 (5 adults), BRDF0048 (2 adults), BRDF0052 (8 adults), BRDF0059 (3 adults), BRDF0057 (2 adults), BRDF0063 (4 adults), BRDF0068 (2 adults), BRDF0072 (1 adult), surface soil horizon (0–20 cm) in silvopastoral system, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15°36'38.63", W47°42'16.30"), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0092, 1 adult, surface soil horizon (0–10 cm) in Eucalyptus sp. plantation, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15°35'5.63", W47°43'31.47"), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0105 (4 adults), BRDF0119 (1 adult), BRDF0125 (1 adult), BRDF0129 (2 adults), BRDF0135 (2 adults), BRDF0137 (2 adults), BRDF0138 (5 individuals), BRDF0182 (3 individuals), BRDF0185 (1 individual), BRDF0187 (1 adult), in pasture with Urochloa brizantha cv Piat„, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’54.25”, W47º44’45.55”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0193 (1 adultas), BRDF0197 (2 adults) surface soil horizon (0–20 cm) in continuous pasture with the legume Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea), Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15°38'58.86" S, W47°44'41.41"), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0228 (1 individual), BRDF0244 (3 individuals), in agropastoral system (in crop phase) without cover crop in winter, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’53.10”, W47º44’41.59”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0245 (1 individual), BRDF0250 (2 individuals), BRDF0253 (6 adults), in agropastoral system (in crop phase) under notillage, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’58.33”, W47º44’40.65”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0262, 3 adults, in agropastoral system (in pasture phase) without cover crop in winter, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’54.25”, W 47º44’45.55”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0274 (1 individual), BRDF0278 (1 adult), in agropastoral system (in pasture phase) under no-tilage, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’58.33”, W47º44’40.65”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0283, 1 individual, surface soil horizon (0–20 cm) in continuous conventional annual crop with minimum tillage and no cover crop in winter, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’55.28”, W47º44’41.14”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0289 (2 individuals), BRDF0294 (3 individuals), BRDF0297 (4 individuals), BRDF0299 (2 individuals), BRDF0300 (1 individual), BRDF0303 (2 individuals), BRDF0305 (2 individual), BRDF0308 (2 individuals), surface soil horizon (0–20 cm) in continuous annual crop under no-tillage, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’58.33”, W47º44’40.65”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0323, 1 individual, in agropastoral system in pasture phase with Megathyrsus maximus, CTZL-Embrapa Cerrados, Recanto das Emas-DF (S15°57'21.57", W48° 7'47.57"), 4 April 2019, C. C. Niva; I. C. Ferreira; C. Y. H. Ussuki, W. de M. Araújo, P. P. Santos, colls. BRDF0326 (4 individuals), BRDF0327 (8 individuals), in integrated crop-livestock-forestry, CTZL-Embrapa Cerrados, Recanto das Emas-DF (S15°57'27.58", W48° 7'46.71"), 4 April 2019, C. C. Niva; I. C. Ferreira; C. Y. H. Ussuki, W. de M. Araújo, P. P. Santos, colls. BRDF0333, 7 individual, in pre planting crop, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15°36'58", W47°42'46.31"), 16 April 2019, C. C. Niva; T. W. F. Xavier; S. S. S. Oliveira, colls. BRDF0338, 1 individual, in irrigated sugarcane, Planaltina-DF (S15°36'1.58", W47°42'46.31"), 28 August 2019, C. C. Niva, W. de M. Araújo, N. Dur„es, A. E. C. B. Guedes, I. R. de Sousa, M. R. Coelho, D. de M. Rodrigues, colls. BRDF0376, 2 individuals, in soybean, farm in Planaltina-DF, (S15°19'48", W47°38'2.4"), 20 January 2020, C. C. Niva, N. Dur„es. colls. BRDF0380 (9 individuals), in gallery forest, Águas Emendadas Ecological Station, Planaltina-DF (S15°32'43.50" W47°33'59.25"), 13 February 2020, C. C. Niva, N. Dur„es, A. E. C. B. Guedes, K. M. M. de Deus, C. Y. H. Ussuki, colls., Published as part of Ferreira, Talita, Niva, Cintia C., Dudas, Rafaela, Roani, Rodrigo, Durães, Natália, Marchão, Robélio Leandro, James, Samuel Wooster, Bartz, Marie L. C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm species in different land use systems in the state of Goiás and the Federal District of Brazil, pp. 283-303 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 292, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.24, http://zenodo.org/record/7744899

We examined external characters and internal anatomy, after dorsal dissection, of 11 species of Oligochaeta from the Peruvian Amazonia Loreto department. Four new species of families Glossoscolecidae and Rhinodrilidae and genera Righiodrilus and Martiodrilus are described here. Righiodrilus omagua, sp. nov., differs from other Righiodrilus by the presence of tubercula pubertatis in segments ½15, 15- ½18, 18; male pores located in intersegment 16/17; large seminal vesicles in segment 12 that extend until segment 24. Martiodrilus (Maipure) yurimaguensis, sp. nov., has a saddle-shaped clitellum in 14–1/4 25 and tubercula pubertatis between segments 1/318 –1/2 25. Martiodrilus (Maipure) tapiai, sp. nov., is differentiated from the others by the position of the tubercula pubertatis in 19–24, and the shape and size of spermathecae, common setae, ornamentation of genital setae and the location of male pores in intersegment 18/19. Martiodrilus (Martiodrilus) alegrei sp. nov., differs from other species of the genus by extension of tubercula pubertatis from 21 to 26, the number and shape of spermathecae. It is the only species of the genus that presents a single pair of spermathecae in segment 6. Additional records for the Peruvian Republic and the Amazonian region are also reported for Martiodrilus (Maipure) pano, Periscolex yuya, Pontoscolex (Pontoscolex) corethrurus, Rhinodrilus lavellei, Rhinodrilus pahanasii, Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) modiglianii and Ocnerodrilus occidentalis. With these new records, the earthworm fauna of Perú recorded so far increases to 36 species (21 native and 15 exotic), including eight native from Peruvian Amazonia Region. Many more species are still expected to be found.

Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) bolaui (Michaelsen) BRDF0009 (1 adult), BRDF0015 (1 adult), BRDF0015 (1 adult), BRDF0033 (1 adult), BRDF0038 (1 adult), BRDF0053 (1 adult), BRDF0065 (1 adult), surface soil horizon (0–20 cm) in silvopastoral system, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15°36'38.42", W47°42'15.77"), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0101, 1 adult, in Eucalyptus sp. plantation, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15°35'8.00", W47°43'29.90"), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0130, 1 adult in pasture with Urochloa brizantha cv. Piat„, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15°36'36.97", W47°42'11.54"), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0231, 1 individual, in agropastoral system (in crop phase) without cover crop in winter, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’54.25”, W47º44’45.55”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0307, 1 individual, surface soil horizon (0–20 cm) in continuous annual crop under no-tillage, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’55.28”, W47º44’41.14”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls., Published as part of Ferreira, Talita, Niva, Cintia C., Dudas, Rafaela, Roani, Rodrigo, Durães, Natália, Marchão, Robélio Leandro, James, Samuel Wooster, Bartz, Marie L. C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm species in different land use systems in the state of Goiás and the Federal District of Brazil, pp. 283-303 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 292, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.24, http://zenodo.org/record/7744899

Dichogaster spp. (juveniles) BRRS0391 (4 individuals), BRRS0392 (2 individuals) in 0 to 30 soil depth in natural grassland (NG2) system in Vale Verde – RS in Vale Verde – RS (-29.755827 -52.147108, 72 m. a.s.l.), 18/07/2019, J.C. Niemeyer, J.G. Niemeyer, J.E. Niemeyer, A. Wegner, O. Rosa colls., Published as part of De Santo, Fernanda B., Niemeyer, Júlia C. & Bartz, Marie L. C., 2023, Earthworms in the conversion of natural grasslands to agropastoral systems-a preliminary study in Vale Verde, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, pp. 389-398 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 394, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.31, http://zenodo.org/record/7745055

Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) saliens (Beddard) BRSP0820, 3 adults in AC; February 26, 2018; M.L.C. Bartz, collector. BRSP0823, 1 adult in AC; February 26, 2018; L.S. Maia-Bruz, W.C. Demetrio, A. Santos, M.L.C. Bartz, L.P. Feliciano, D.F. Primo, C.H. Fernandes, collectors., Published as part of Bruz, Lilianne Dos Santos Maia, Santos, Alessandra, Demetrio, Wilian C., Primo, Daniele De Freitas, Feliciano, Luana Priscila, Fernandes, Carlos Henrique, Bartz, Marie L. C., Bernardi, Alberto Carlos De Campo, Pezzopane, José Ricardo Macedo & Brown, George Gardner, 2023, Earthworms in various agricultural and forest ecosystems in São Carlos-SP Brazil, pp. 324-335 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 329, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.26, http://zenodo.org/record/7744974

Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) saliens (Beddard, 1892b) Microdrilus saliens Beddard, 1892b: 683; Reynolds & Cook, 1976: 166. Dichogaster crawi Eisen, 1900: 228; Michaelsen, 1913b: 418. Dichogaster saliens Ljungstrom, 1972: 6; Reynolds & Reinecke, 1976: 7; Zicsi, 1998: 71; Dlamini, 2002: 62; Horn et al., 2007: 175. Dichogaster (Diplothcecodrilus) saliens Csuzdi, 1995: 108, 2000: 66, 2010: 116; Plisko, 2010: 292. Dichogaster (Diplothcecodrilus) saliens in saliens group Csuzdi, 1996: 358, 2010: 108. Distribution. Amazonas: Puerto Ayacucho: Eisenberg Farm, Mahada agriculture system (Righi 1996)., Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Ferreira, Carmen & Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, 2023, An annotated checklist and distribution of earthworms from Venezuela (Megadrili: Crassiclitellata), pp. 183-211 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 193, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/7744707, {"references":["Beddard, F. E. (1892 b) On some new species of earthworms from various parts of the world. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1892, 666 - 706. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1892. tb 01789. x","Reynolds, J. W. & Cook, D. G. (1976) Nomenclatura Oligochaetologica: a catalogue of names, descriptions and type specimens of the Oligochaeta. University of New Brunswick, Fredericton (or Ottawa, Runge Press), 217 pp.","Eisen, G. (1900) Researches in American Oligochaeta, with especial reference to those of the Pacific coast and adjacent islands. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 3 rd ser., Zoology, 2, 85 - 276.","Michaelsen, W. (1913 b) Die Oligochaeten des Kaplandes. Zoologische Jahrb ¸ cher, Abteilung f ¸ r Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 34, 473 - 556. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 19897","Reynolds, J. W. & Reinecke, A. J. (1976) A preliminary survey of the earthworms of the Kruger National Park, South Africa (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae, Megascolecidae and Octochaetidae). Wetenskaplike Bydraes van dir PU vir CHO, Reeks B: Natuurwetrenskappe, 89, 1 - 19.","Zicsi, A. (1998) Revision weiterer Martiodrilus - Arten (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) Regenw ¸ rmer aus S ¸ damerika 30. Opuscula Zoologica, Budapest, 31, 149 - 164.","Dlamini, T. C. (2002) Influence of land use on soil organic matter status, microbial biomass C and size and composition of earthworm communities in northern KwaZulu-Natal. MSc (Agric.) dissertation. Pietermaritzburg: University of Natal, 96 pp.","Horn, J. L., Plisko, J. D. & Hamer, M. L. (2007) The leaf-litter earthworm fauna (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of forests in Limpopo Province, South Africa: diversity, communities and conservation. African Zoology, 42 (2), 172 - 179. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 15627020.2007.11407394","Csuzdi, Cs. (1995) A catalogue of Benhamiinae species (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 97 B, 99 - 123.","Csuzdi, Cs. (2000) A review of the Benhamiinae collection of the Natural History Museum, London (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae). Opuscula Zoologica, Budapest, 32, 51 - 81.","Csuzdi, Cs. (2010) A monograph of the Paleotropical Benhamiinae earthworms. (Annelida: Oligochaeta, Acanthodrilidae). In: Csudi Cs. & Mahunka S. (Eds.), Pedozoologica Hungarica, Taxonomic, zoogeographic and faunistic studies on soil animals, No 6. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, 348 pp.","Plisko, J. D. (2010) Megadrile earthworm taxa introduced to South African soils (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Ocnerodrilidae). African Invertebrates, 51 (2), 289 - 312. https: // doi. org / 10.5733 / afin. 051.0204","Csuzdi, Cs. (1996) Revision der Unterfamilie Benhamiinae Michaelsen, 1897 (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 72 (2), 347 - 367. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnz. 19960720219","Righi, G. (1996) Some Venezuelan Oligochaeta Glossoscolecidae and Octochaetidae. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 103, 677 - 684. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 79966"]}

Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) affinis (Michaelsen) BRDF0006 (5 adults), BRDF0011 (6 adults), BRDF0018 (5 adults), BRDF0021 (3 adults), BRDF0024 (2 adults), BRDF0029 (4 adults), BRDF0031 (4 adults), BRDF0036 (10 adults), BRDF0040 (6 adults), BRDF0042 (11 adults), BRDF0045 (12 adults), BRDF0049 (12 adults), BRDF0051 (14 adults), BRDF0055 (7 adults), BRDF0058 (7 adults), BRDF0061 (1 adult), BRDF0064 (12 adults), BRDF0067 (7 adults), BRDF0070 (4 adults), BRDF0073 (6 adults), BRDF0075 (7 adults), surface soil horizon (0–20 cm) in silvopastoral system, Embrapa Cerrados, PlanaltinaDF (S15°36'38.42", W47°42'15.77"), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0087 (2 adults), BRDF0090 (1 adult), BRDF0099 (1 adult), surface soil horizon (0–10 cm) in Eucalyptus sp. plantation, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15°35'5.63", W47°43'31.47"), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0104 (15 adults), BRDF0109 (6 adults), BRDF0112 (3 adults), BRDF0117 (13 adults), BRDF0121 (8 adults), BRDF0124 (14 adults), BRDF0132 (18 adults), BRDF0134 (13 adults), BRDF0136 (19 adults), BRDF0139 (5 adults), BRDF0177 (2 individuals), BRDF0179, (2 individuals), BRDF0181, (7 individuals), BRDF0184, (2 individuals), BRDF0188 (3 individuals), in pasture with Urochloa brizantha cv Piat„, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’54.25”, W47º44’45.55”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0153 (19 individuals), BRDF0155, (5 adult), in pasture with Urochloa brizantha cv Piat„, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’54.25”, W47º44’45.55”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0191 (1 individual), BRDF0192 (3 individuals), BRDF0195 (1 individual), BRDF0196 (1 individual), BRDF0201 (4 individuals), BRDF0203 (9 individuals), surface soil horizon (0–20 cm) in continuous pasture with Urochloa brizantha cv Piat„ with the legume Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea). Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15°38'58.86", W47°44'41.41"), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0229 (1 individual), BRDF0234 (18 individuals), BRDF0238 (5 individuals), BRDF0240 (1 individual), BRDF0242 (1 individual), in agropastoral system (in crop phase) without cover crop in winter, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’53.10”, W47º44’41.59”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0247 (3 individuals), BRDF0248 (4 individuals), BRDF0251 (4 individuals), BRDF0255 (13 individuals), BRDF0258 (9 individuals), BRDF0260 (1 adult), in agropastoral systems (in crop phase) under no-tillage, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’53.46”, W47º44’40.72”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0261 (10 individuals), BRDF0268 (1 individual), BRDF0269 (2 individuals), BRDF0271 (4 individuals), BRDF0273 (2 individuals), in agropastoral system (in pasture phase) without cover crop in winter, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’53.10”, W47º44’41.59”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0275 (1 individual), BRDF0280 (3 adults), in agropastoral system (in pasture phase) under no-tillage, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’54.25”, W47º44 ”45.55”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0286, (1 individual), BRDF0287, 1 adult, surface soil horizon (0–20 cm) in continuous conventional annual crop with minimum tillage and no cover crop in winter, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’55.28”, W47º44’41.14”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0291, (2 individuals), BRDF0293 (2 individuals), BRDF0296 (3 individuals), BRDF0302 (1 adult), surface soil horizon (0–20 cm) in continuous annual crop under no-tillage, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’58.33”, W47º44’40.65”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls., Published as part of Ferreira, Talita, Niva, Cintia C., Dudas, Rafaela, Roani, Rodrigo, Durães, Natália, Marchão, Robélio Leandro, James, Samuel Wooster, Bartz, Marie L. C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm species in different land use systems in the state of Goiás and the Federal District of Brazil, pp. 283-303 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 291, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.24, http://zenodo.org/record/7744899

Dichogaster bolaui (Michaelsen, 1891) Locality: Rodríguez Farm, La Cortada settlement, Urdaneta county, Miranda, Venezuela, 66°57'0.25"W, 10°2'25.29"N, 600 masl (ten adults, complete). June 2010. Hernández-García, L.M. & Rodriguez, L.N. colls. (MBUCV-XIII 0313)., Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Pereira, Natália Jovita, Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier & Ferreira, Carmen, 2023, Additions to earthworms (Annelida, Crassiclitellata) from Aragua and Miranda states, Venezuela, pp. 171-182 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 181, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.18, http://zenodo.org/record/7744674, {"references":["Michaelsen, W. (1891) Oligochaeten des Naturhistorischen Museums in Hamburg. IV. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten, 8, 1 - 42."]}

Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) saliens (Beddard) BRDF0007 (1 adult), BRDF0013 (5 individuals), BRDF0016 (2 adults), BRDF0020 (3 adults), BRDF0025 (1 adult), BRDF0027 (5 adults), BRDF0032 (5 adults), surface soil horizon (0–20 cm) in silvopastoral system, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15°36'38.63", W47°42'16.30"), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0088, 1 adult, 1 subadult, surface soil horizon (0–10 cm) in Eucalyptus sp. plantion, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15°35'5.63", W47°43'31.47"), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0106 (4 adults), BRDF0110 (1 adult), BRDF0113 (3 adults), BRDF0118 (4 adults), BRDF0123 (1 subadult), in pasture with Urochloa brizantha cv Piat„, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15°36'36.97", W47°42'11.54"), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0233 (6 individuals), BRDF0237 (1 individual), in agropastoral system (in crop phase) without cover crop in winter, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’53.10”, W47º44’41.59”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0254, 1 individual, in agropastoral systema (in crop phase) under notillage, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’54.25”, W47º44 ”45.55”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0288, 1 individual, surface soil horizon (0–20 cm) in continuous conventional annual crop with minimum tillage and no cover crop in winter, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’55.28”, W47º44’41.14”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls., Published as part of Ferreira, Talita, Niva, Cintia C., Dudas, Rafaela, Roani, Rodrigo, Durães, Natália, Marchão, Robélio Leandro, James, Samuel Wooster, Bartz, Marie L. C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm species in different land use systems in the state of Goiás and the Federal District of Brazil, pp. 283-303 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 293, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.24, http://zenodo.org/record/7744899

Dichogaster bolaui (Michaelsen) BRRS0393 (4 individuals), BRRS0394 (3 individuals), BRRS0395 (1 individual), BRRS0396 (1 individual) in 0 to 30 soil depth in natural grassland (NG2) system in Vale Verde —RS in Vale Verde —RS (-29.755827 -52.147108, 72 m. a.s.l.), 18/07/2019, J.C. Niemeyer, J.G. Niemeyer, J.E. Niemeyer, A. Wegner, O. Rosa colls., Published as part of De Santo, Fernanda B., Niemeyer, Júlia C. & Bartz, Marie L. C., 2023, Earthworms in the conversion of natural grasslands to agropastoral systems-a preliminary study in Vale Verde, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, pp. 389-398 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 394, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.31, http://zenodo.org/record/7745055

Dichogaster (juveniles) BRPR0993, 2 individuals, surface soil under no-tillage in Rolândia — PR (23°19’8.32”S; 51°27’37.62”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRPR0994, 1 individual, surface soil under no-tillage in Rolândia — PR (23°18’58.02”S; 51°27’35.39”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls.

Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) affinis (Michaelsen) BRSP0661 (10 adults), BRSP0665 (2 adults), BRSP0676 and BRSP0682 (1 adult each) in ASP; February 21, 2018; M.L.C. Bartz, collector. BRSP0753, 1 adult in IP; February 23, 2018; MLC Bartz, collector. BRSP0788 (5 adults), and BRSP0804 (1 adult) in AP; February 23, 2018; L.S. Maia-Bruz, W.C. Demetrio, A. Santos, M.L.C. Bartz, L.P. Feliciano, D.F. Primo, C.H. Fernandes, collectors., Published as part of Bruz, Lilianne Dos Santos Maia, Santos, Alessandra, Demetrio, Wilian C., Primo, Daniele De Freitas, Feliciano, Luana Priscila, Fernandes, Carlos Henrique, Bartz, Marie L. C., Bernardi, Alberto Carlos De Campo, Pezzopane, José Ricardo Macedo & Brown, George Gardner, 2023, Earthworms in various agricultural and forest ecosystems in São Carlos-SP Brazil, pp. 324-335 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 329, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.26, http://zenodo.org/record/7744974

Dichogaster sp. BRDF0005 (7 juveniles), BRDF0014 (8 juveniles), BRDF0019 (5 juveniles), BRDF0023 (5 juveniles), BRDF0026 (4 juveniles), BRDF0034 (11 individuals), BRDF0041 (6 individuals), BRDF0044 (8 individuals), BRDF0047 (6 individuals), BRDF0050 (21 individuals), BRDF0054 (11 individuals), BRDF0066 (7 individuals), BRDF0069 (7 individuals), BRDF0071 (2 juveniles), surface soil horizon (0–20 cm) in silvopastoral system, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15°36'38.63", W47°42'16.30"), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0086, 1 juvenile, surface soil horizon (0-20 cm) in Eucalyptus sp. plantation, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15°34'51.80", W47°43'38.91"), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0115 (27 individuals), BRDF0151 (15 individuals), BRDF0120 (5 individuals), BRDF0154 (5 individuals), BRDF0178 (2 individuals), BRDF0180 (2 individuals), BRDF0183 (5 individuals), BRDF0186 (6 individuals), BRDF0189 (1 individual), in pasture with Urochloa brizantha cv Piat„, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’54.25”, W47º44’45.55”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0198 (5 individuals), BRDF0200 (1 individual), BRDF0202 (22 individuals), surface soil horizon (0–20 cm) in pasture with Urochloa brizantha cv Piat„ with the legume Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea), Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15°38'58.86", W47°44'41.41"), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0230 (4 individuals), BRDF0243 (1 individual), BRDF0243 (1 individual), BRDF0236 (2 individuals), BRDF0235 (15 individuals), adults in agropastoral system (in crop phase) without cover crop in winter, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’53.10”, W47º44’41.59”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0239, 7 individuals, in agropastoral system (in crop phase) without cover crop in winter, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’53.10”, W47º44’41.59”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0246 (1 individual), BRDF0249 (4 individuals), BRDF0252 (29 individuals), BRDF0256 (34 individuals), BRDF0257 (5 individuals), BRDF0259 (3 individuals), in agropastoral system (in crop phase) under no-tillage, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’54.25”, W47º44 ”45.55”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0263 (9 individuals), BRDF0264 (2 individuals), BRDF0265 (6 individuals), BRDF0266 (1 individual), BRDF0267 (4 individuals), BRDF0270 (4 individuals), BRDF0272 (1 adult), in agropastoral system (in pasture phase) without cover crop in winter, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’54.25”, W47º44 ”45.55”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0276 (1 individual), BRDF0277 (3 individuals), BRDF0279 (3 individuals), BRDF0281 (3 individuals), BRDF0282 (3 individuals), in agropastoral system (in pasture phase) under no-tilage, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’53.10”, W47º44’41.59”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0284, (1 individual), BRDF0285, (2 adults), surface soil horizon (0–20 cm) in continuous conventional annual crop with minimum tillage and no cover crop in winter, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’55.28”, S47º44’41.14”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0290, 4 individuals, surface soil horizon (0–20 cm) in continuous conventional annual crop with minimum tillage and no cover crop in winter, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’58.33”, W47º44’40.65”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0292 (4 individuals), BRDF0295 (7 individuals), BRDF0298 (1 individual), BRDF0301 (7 individual), BRDF0304 (8 individuals), BRDF0306 (25 individuals), surface soil horizon (0–20 cm) in continuous conventional annual crop with minimum tillage and no cover crop in winter, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’58.33”, W47º44’40.65”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0320 (4 individuals), BRDF0329 (6 individuals), in silvopastoral system, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15°57'27.26", W48°7'52.57"), 4 April 2019, C. C. Niva; I. C. Ferreira; C. Y. H. Ussuki, W. de M. Araújo, P. P. Santos, colls. BRDF0322 (20 individuals), BRDF0325 (18 individuals), BRDF0327 (2 individuals), BRDF0334 (2 adults), in agropastoral system in pasture phase with Megathyrsus maximus, CTZL-Embrapa Cerrados, Recanto das Emas-DF (S15°57'21.57", W48° 7'47.57"), 4 April 2019, C. C. Niva; I. C. Ferreira; C. Y. H. Ussuki, W. de M. Araújo, P. P. Santos, colls. BRDF0335, 2 individuals, in irrigated soybean, Planaltina, Brasília-DF (S15°36'1.58", W47°42'46.31"), 28 August 2019, C. C. Niva, W. de M. Araújo, N. Dur„es, A. E. C. B. Guedes, I. R.de Sousa, M. R. Coelho, D. de M. Rodrigues, colls. BRDF0336, 1 individual, in irrigated wheat, Planaltina-DF (S15°36'1.58", W47°42'46.31"), 28 August 2019, C. C. Niva, W. de M. Araújo, N. Dur„es, A. E. C. B. Guedes, I. R.de Sousa, M. R. Coelho, D. de M. Rodrigues, colls. BRDF0339, 3 individuals, in irrigated sugarcane, Planaltina-DF (S15°36'1.58", W47°42'46.31"), 28 August 2019, C. C. Niva, W. de M. Araújo, N. Dur„es, A. E. C. B. Guedes, I. R. de Sousa, M. R. Coelho, D. de M. Rodrigues, colls., Published as part of Ferreira, Talita, Niva, Cintia C., Dudas, Rafaela, Roani, Rodrigo, Durães, Natália, Marchão, Robélio Leandro, James, Samuel Wooster, Bartz, Marie L. C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm species in different land use systems in the state of Goiás and the Federal District of Brazil, pp. 283-303 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 294, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.24, http://zenodo.org/record/7744899

Dichogaster sp. BRBA0006, 1 individual; topsoil (0–20 cm) of pasture at Porto Seguro, BA (S16.40045 W39.18482); 89 m a.s.l., 14-11-2014, H. Nadolny, M.L.C. Bartz, E. da Silva and G.G. Brown, colls., Published as part of Silva, Elodie Da, Santos, Alessandra, Nadolny, Herlon S., Bartz, Marie L. C., James, Samuel W. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworms from natural and managed ecosystems in Southern Bahia, Brazil, pp. 270-282 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 273, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.23, http://zenodo.org/record/7744893

Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) modiglianii (Rosa, 1895) Benhamia modiglianii Rosa, 1896: 510; Reynolds & Cook, 1976: 139. Benhamia kafuruënsis Michaelsen, 1896: 34. Dichogaster modiglianii Reynolds & Cook, 1976: 139; Zicsi, 1998: 95. Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) modiglianii Csuzdi, 1995: 107, 2000: 65; Plisko, 2010: 292. Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) modiglianii in bolaui group: Csuzdi, 1996: 358, 2010: 119. Dichogaster modigianni Feijoo, 2007: 148 (misspelling). Distribution. Amazonas: Puerto Ayacucho: Eisenberg Farm (Righi 1996). Cojedes: Tinaco: Quebradon 350 masl (Righi 1989)., Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Ferreira, Carmen & Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, 2023, An annotated checklist and distribution of earthworms from Venezuela (Megadrili: Crassiclitellata), pp. 183-211 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on pages 192-193, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/7744707, {"references":["Rosa, D. (1895) Oligocheti Terricoli. Bollettino dei Musei di zoologia ed anatomia comparata della Reale UniversitaI di Torino, 10 (204), 1 - 3.","Rosa, D. (1896) I Lombrichi raccolti a Sumatra dal Dott. Elio Modigliani. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 2 (16), 502 - 532.","Reynolds, J. W. & Cook, D. G. (1976) Nomenclatura Oligochaetologica: a catalogue of names, descriptions and type specimens of the Oligochaeta. University of New Brunswick, Fredericton (or Ottawa, Runge Press), 217 pp.","Michaelsen, W. (1896) Die Regenw ¸ rmer Ost-Afrikas. Die Tierwelt Deutsch- Ost-Afrikas, 4 (12), 1 - 48.","Zicsi, A. (1998) Revision weiterer Martiodrilus - Arten (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) Regenw ¸ rmer aus S ¸ damerika 30. Opuscula Zoologica, Budapest, 31, 149 - 164.","Csuzdi, Cs. (1995) A catalogue of Benhamiinae species (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 97 B, 99 - 123.","Csuzdi, Cs. (2000) A review of the Benhamiinae collection of the Natural History Museum, London (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae). Opuscula Zoologica, Budapest, 32, 51 - 81.","Plisko, J. D. (2010) Megadrile earthworm taxa introduced to South African soils (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Ocnerodrilidae). African Invertebrates, 51 (2), 289 - 312. https: // doi. org / 10.5733 / afin. 051.0204","Csuzdi, Cs. (1996) Revision der Unterfamilie Benhamiinae Michaelsen, 1897 (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 72 (2), 347 - 367. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnz. 19960720219","Csuzdi, Cs. (2010) A monograph of the Paleotropical Benhamiinae earthworms. (Annelida: Oligochaeta, Acanthodrilidae). In: Csudi Cs. & Mahunka S. (Eds.), Pedozoologica Hungarica, Taxonomic, zoogeographic and faunistic studies on soil animals, No 6. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, 348 pp.","Feijoo, M. A. (2007) Registros historicos y listado de las lombrices de tierra de Colombia. In: Brown, G. G. & Fragoso, C. (eds.), Minhocas na America Latina: Biodiversidade e Ecologia. Londrina, Embrapa Soja, pp. 141 - 154.","Righi, G. (1996) Some Venezuelan Oligochaeta Glossoscolecidae and Octochaetidae. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 103, 677 - 684. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 79966","Righi, G. (1989) Adic \" o ao conhecimento dos Oligochaeta da Venezuela. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, Rio de Janeiro, 49, 1065 - 1084."]}

Dichogaster saliens (Beddard) BRSP0396, 3 juveniles in native forest, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Cap „o Bonito National Forest, Cap„o Bonito-SP (-23.87886, -48.51624); March, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRSP0406, 9 juveniles in native forest, hand sorting, topsoil (0–20 cm), Cap „o Bonito National Forest, Cap„o Bonito-SP (-23.95583, -48.48939); March, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRSP0444, 1 juvenile in Araucaria angustifolia plantation, hand sorting, topsoil (0–20 cm), Cap „o Bonito National Forest, Cap„o Bonito-SP (-23.88169, -48.50773); March, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls., Published as part of Demetrio, Wilian Carlo, Fonseca, Priscila Mouro Da, Dudas, Rafaela, Zagatto, Mauricio G. R., Feijoo, Alexander & Brown, George Gardner, 2023, Earthworm species in native and planted forests in Brazil, pp. 304-323 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 307, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.25, http://zenodo.org/record/7744984

Dichogaster saliens (Beddard) BRPR0991, 1 adult, surface soil under no-tillage in Rolândia — PR (23°19’8.32”S; 51°27’37.62”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRSP0226, 1 individual, surface soil under no-tillage in Itaí —SP (23°35’09.52”S; 48°56’26.21”W), December 2017. M.L.C. Bartz, H.S. Nadolny, J. Barreto, A. Santos, G.G. Brown colls. BRSP0238, 1 individual, surface soil under riparian forest in Itaí —SP (23°35’16.22”S; 48°56’27.81”W), December 2017. M.L.C. Bartz, H.S. Nadolny, J. Barreto, A. Santos, G.G. Brown colls., Published as part of Bartz, Marie L. C., Barreto, Julia, Santos, Alessandra, Dudas, Rafaela T., Ferreira, Talita, Maia, Lilianne Dos Santos, Demetrio, Wilian C., Smokanit, Manoela, Tavares, Alan A., Schuster, Phillip A., Hernani, Luis C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm richness in no-tillage farming systems and riparian forests in Southern and Southeastern Brazil, pp. 362-376 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 371, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.29, http://zenodo.org/record/7745023

Dudas, Rafaela T., Demetrio, Wilian C., Maia, Liliane S., Sátiro, José N.O., Silva, Karlo A., Nicola, Vitoria B., Kille, Peter, Oliveira, Cintía M.R., Afonso, Rita O., Russell, Georgina, Ferreira, Nuno G. C., Cunha, Luis, Brown, George G. (2023): Earthworm communities in long-term no-tillage systems and secondary forest fragments in Paraná, Southern Brazil. Zootaxa 5255 (1): 347-361, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.28, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.28

Dichogaster juveniles BRSP0678 and BRSP0684 (1 juvenile each) in ASP; February 21, 2018; M.L.C. Bartz, collector. BRSP0790 (13 juveniles), BRSP0799 (4 juveniles), BRSP0809 and BRSP0814 (1 juvenile each) in AP; February 23, 2018; L.S. Maia-Bruz, W.C. Demetrio, A. Santos, M.L.C. Bartz, L.P. Feliciano, D.F. Primo, C.H. Fernandes, collectors. BRSP0824 (1 juvenile), and BRSP0829 (2 juveniles) in AC; February 26, 2018; L.S. Maia-Bruz, W.C. Demetrio, A. Santos, M.L.C. Bartz, L.P. Feliciano, D.F. Primo, C.H. Fernandes, collectors.

Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) modiglianii (Rosa, 1896) Exotic, endogeic. Locality: Perú, Department of Loreto, Santa Rosa Fundo (5°53'56'' S 76°10'34'' W). Type of vegetation: Secondary forest. Altitude: 168 m. a.s.l. Material collected: One adult. Sampling depth: 0-10 cm. Collection dates: 16 October 2016. Collector: Obed Carrascal Torres. Other localities: Y44 EFPYC-A1 (7 Ad); Santa Lucia, Latitude: 5°53’48.54 S, Longitude: 75°10’33”W; Plant cover: secondary forest. Collection date: 28 April 2016. Name of collector: Patrick Lavelle. Y44 SPCA (2 Juv). Santa Lucia, Latitude: 5°53’48.54 S, Longitude: 75°10’33”W; Plant cover: pasture. Collection date: 28 April 2016. Name of collector: Patrick Lavelle., Published as part of Feijoo, Alexander & Lavelle, Patrick, 2023, New species and records of earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta: Crassiclitellata) in small holder farming systems in the Peruvian Amazon, pp. 157-170 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 167, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.17, http://zenodo.org/record/7744620, {"references":["Rosa, D. (1896) Contributo allo studio del terricoli Neotropicali. Memorie della Reale accademia delle scienze di Torino, 2 (45), 89 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11831"]}

Dichogaster affinis (Michaelsen) BRPR0984, 2 adults, surface soil under no-tillage in Rolândia — PR (23°19’18.51”S; 51°27’02.55”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRPR0985, 2 adults, surface soil under no-tillage in Rolândia — PR (23°19’8.32”S; 51°27’37.62”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRPR0986, 2 adults, surface soil under no-tillage in Rolândia — PR (23°18’58.02”S; 51°27’35.39”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls., Published as part of Bartz, Marie L. C., Barreto, Julia, Santos, Alessandra, Dudas, Rafaela T., Ferreira, Talita, Maia, Lilianne Dos Santos, Demetrio, Wilian C., Smokanit, Manoela, Tavares, Alan A., Schuster, Phillip A., Hernani, Luis C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm richness in no-tillage farming systems and riparian forests in Southern and Southeastern Brazil, pp. 362-376 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 371, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.29, http://zenodo.org/record/7745023

Dichogaster gracilis (Michaelsen) BRPR0987, 4 adults, surface soil under no-tillage in Rolândia — PR (23°19’09.22”S; 51°27’1.02”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRPR098 8, 1 adult, surface soil under no-tillage in Rolândia — PR (23°19’8.32”S; 51°27’37.62”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRPR0989, 1 adult, surface soil under no-tillage in Cambé — PR (23°10’06.25”S; 51°14’18.69”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRSP0232, 1 adult, surface soil under riparian forest in Itaí —SP (23°33’50.75”S; 49°04’56.88”W), December 2017. M.L.C. Bartz, H.S. Nadolny, J. Barreto, A. Santos, G.G. Brown colls., Published as part of Bartz, Marie L. C., Barreto, Julia, Santos, Alessandra, Dudas, Rafaela T., Ferreira, Talita, Maia, Lilianne Dos Santos, Demetrio, Wilian C., Smokanit, Manoela, Tavares, Alan A., Schuster, Phillip A., Hernani, Luis C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm richness in no-tillage farming systems and riparian forests in Southern and Southeastern Brazil, pp. 362-376 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 371, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.29, http://zenodo.org/record/7745023

No-tillage (NT) is a soil conservation management practice that can sustain important earthworm populations due the maintenance of soil cover and absence of soil disturbance. Sites with NT can also support native earthworm species, but few studies have identified the earthworms collected under NT. Therefore, the present study evaluated earthworm diversity in 14 sites under NT and seven with riparian forest (RF) in Atlantic Forest located in Rolândia, Cambé, Toledo (Paraná), Coxilha, Sarandi (Rio Grande do Sul) and Itaí (São Paulo). The earthworms were collected by handsorting using quantitative and qualitative methods. The 1471 individuals collected were classified into 23 species belonging to five families: Glossoscolex sp.71, sp.72, sp.73 and sp.74, Fimoscolex sp.23 sp.24 and sp.25 (Glossoscolecidae); Pontoscolex corethrurus, Urobenus brasiliensis (Rhinodrilidae); Haplodrilus sp.1 and sp.2, Ocnerodrilidae sp.1, sp.15, sp.16, sp.48, sp.49 and sp.50 (Ocnerodrilidae); Amynthas gracilis, Metaphire californica (Megascolecidae); Dichogaster affinis, D. gracilis, D. bolaui and D. saliens (Benhamiidae). Of the total, 15 were native and eight were exotic species. In general NT sites had higher species richness than the forest sites (except at Itaí), mainly due to the invasion of NT fields by exotic species, particularly Ocnerodrilidae sp.1 and Dichogaster spp. Six of the seven forests had native species, but only four NT fields had native earthworms, and these were generally found in low abundance.

Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) annae (Horst, 1893) Benhamia annae Horst, 1893: 32. Benhamia parva Michaelsen, 1895: 31. Benhamia travancorensis Fedarb, 1898: 433 Dichogaster curgensis Michaelsen, 1921: 54. Distribution. Aragua: Henri Pittier National Park: Rancho Grande (Righi 1984b). Maracay: El Limón (Righi 1989)., Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Ferreira, Carmen & Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, 2023, An annotated checklist and distribution of earthworms from Venezuela (Megadrili: Crassiclitellata), pp. 183-211 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 192, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/7744707, {"references":["Horst, R. (1893) Earthworms from the Malay Archipelago. In: Weber, M. (Ed.), Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederlandisch Ost-Indien. 3, pp. 28 - 77.","Michaelsen, W. (1895) Zur kenntnis der Oligochaten. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften, Herausgegeben von dem naturwissenschaftlichen Verein in Hamburg, 13 (2), 1 - 37.","Fedarb, S. M. (1898) On some Earthworms from British India. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1898, 445 - 450. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1898. tb 03162. x","Michaelsen, W. (1921) Neue und wenig bekannte Oligochaten aus skandinavischen Sammlungen. Arkiv for Zoologi, 13 (19), 1 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 20150","Righi, G. (1984 b) Nova contribuic \" o ao conhecimento dos Oligochaeta da Venezuela. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, Sao Paulo, 35, 243 - 256.","Righi, G. (1989) Adic \" o ao conhecimento dos Oligochaeta da Venezuela. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, Rio de Janeiro, 49, 1065 - 1084."]}

Dichogaster bolaui (Michaelsen) BRPR0990, 1 adult, surface soil under no-tillage in Rolândia — PR (23°19’22.04”S; 51°27’27.45”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas,A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls., Published as part of Bartz, Marie L. C., Barreto, Julia, Santos, Alessandra, Dudas, Rafaela T., Ferreira, Talita, Maia, Lilianne Dos Santos, Demetrio, Wilian C., Smokanit, Manoela, Tavares, Alan A., Schuster, Phillip A., Hernani, Luis C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm richness in no-tillage farming systems and riparian forests in Southern and Southeastern Brazil, pp. 362-376 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 371, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.29, http://zenodo.org/record/7745023

Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) bolaui (Michaelsen, 1891) Benhamia bolavi Michaelsen, 1891: 9; Reynolds & Cook 1976: 80. Dichogaster bolaui Michaelsen, 1913a: 401; Ljungstr̂m 1972: 6; Reynolds & Reinecke 1976: 8; Zicsi, 1998: 95. Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) bolaui: Csuzdi, 1995: 102, 2000: 60, 2010: 120 (for complete synonymy list); Plisko, 2010: 292. Distribution. Capital District: Caracas (Omodeo 1955); Cojedes: Tinaco: Quebradon 350 masl (Righi 1989). Vargas: Galipán (Michaelsen 1892). Miranda: La Cortada (Rodríguez farm) (this study)., Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Ferreira, Carmen & Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, 2023, An annotated checklist and distribution of earthworms from Venezuela (Megadrili: Crassiclitellata), pp. 183-211 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 192, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/7744707, {"references":["Michaelsen, W. (1891) Oligochaeta des Naturhistorischen Museums in Hamburg. IV. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten, 8, 3 - 42.","Reynolds, J. W. & Cook, D. G. (1976) Nomenclatura Oligochaetologica: a catalogue of names, descriptions and type specimens of the Oligochaeta. University of New Brunswick, Fredericton (or Ottawa, Runge Press), 217 pp.","Michaelsen, W. (1913 a) The Oligochaeta of Natal and Zululand. Annals of the Natal Museum, 2 (4), 397 - 457","Reynolds, J. W. & Reinecke, A. J. (1976) A preliminary survey of the earthworms of the Kruger National Park, South Africa (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae, Megascolecidae and Octochaetidae). Wetenskaplike Bydraes van dir PU vir CHO, Reeks B: Natuurwetrenskappe, 89, 1 - 19.","Zicsi, A. (1998) Revision weiterer Martiodrilus - Arten (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) Regenw ¸ rmer aus S ¸ damerika 30. Opuscula Zoologica, Budapest, 31, 149 - 164.","Csuzdi, Cs. (1995) A catalogue of Benhamiinae species (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 97 B, 99 - 123.","Csuzdi, Cs. (2000) A review of the Benhamiinae collection of the Natural History Museum, London (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae). Opuscula Zoologica, Budapest, 32, 51 - 81.","Csuzdi, Cs. (2010) A monograph of the Paleotropical Benhamiinae earthworms. (Annelida: Oligochaeta, Acanthodrilidae). In: Csudi Cs. & Mahunka S. (Eds.), Pedozoologica Hungarica, Taxonomic, zoogeographic and faunistic studies on soil animals, No 6. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, 348 pp.","Plisko, J. D. (2010) Megadrile earthworm taxa introduced to South African soils (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Ocnerodrilidae). African Invertebrates, 51 (2), 289 - 312. https: // doi. org / 10.5733 / afin. 051.0204","Omodeo, P. (1955) Oligocheti terricoli del Venezuela raccolti dal Dr. Marcuzzi. Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona, 4, 199 - 212.","Righi, G. (1989) Adic \" o ao conhecimento dos Oligochaeta da Venezuela. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, Rio de Janeiro, 49, 1065 - 1084.","Michaelsen, W. (1892) Terricolen der Berliner Zoologischen Sammlung. II. Archiv f ¸ r Naturgeschichte, 58 (1), 209 - 261. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 8321"]}

Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) bolaui (Michaelsen) BRSP0662 (5 adults), BRSP0677 (2 adults), BRSP0683 and BRSP0699 (1 adult each) in ASP; February 21, 2018; M.L.C. Bartz, collector. BRSP0669 (6 adults), BRSP0688 (7 adults), BRSP0702 (1 adult), and BRSP0707 (4 adults) in ASP; February 21, 2018; L.S. Maia-Bruz, W.C. Demetrio, A. Santos, G.G. Brown, M.L.C. Bartz, L.P. Feliciano, D.F. Primo, C.H. Fernandes, collectors. BRSP0711, 3 adults in CP; February 22, 2018; M.L.C. Bartz, collector. BRSP0717 (4 adults), and BRSP0721 (7 adults) in CP; February 23, 2018; L.S. Maia-Bruz, W.C. Demetrio, A. Santos, M.L.C. Bartz, L.P. Feliciano, D.F. Primo, C.H. Fernandes, collectors. BRSP0728 and BRSP0737 (5 adults each) in SP, February 22, 2018; M.L.C. Bartz, collector. BRSP0731 (2 adults), BRSP0734 (1 adult), BRSP0744 (5 adults) in SP; February 22, 2018; L.S. Maia-Bruz, W.C. Demetrio, A. Santos, M.L.C. Bartz, L.P. Feliciano, D.F. Primo, C.H. Fernandes, collectors. BRSP0750, 1 adult in an IP; February 23, 2018; M.L.C. Bartz, collector. BRSP0758 (3 adults), BRSP0770 and BRSP0776 (1 adult each) in IP; February 23, 2018; L.S. Maia-Bruz, W.C. Demetrio, A. Santos, M.L.C. Bartz, L.P. Feliciano, D.F. Primo, C.H. Fernandes, collectors. BRSP0783 (2 adults), BRSP0789 (24 adults), BRSP0798, BRSP0801 and BRSP0813 (3 adults each) in AP; February 23, 2018; L.S. MaiaBruz, W.C. Demetrio, A. Santos, M.L.C. Bartz, L.P. Feliciano, D.F. Primo, C.H. Fernandes, collectors. BRSP0822 (2 adults), and BRSP0828 (7 adults) in AC; February 26, 2018; L.S. Maia-Bruz, W.C. Demetrio, A. Santos, M.L.C. Bartz, L.P. Feliciano, D.F. Primo, C.H. Fernandes, collectors., Published as part of Bruz, Lilianne Dos Santos Maia, Santos, Alessandra, Demetrio, Wilian C., Primo, Daniele De Freitas, Feliciano, Luana Priscila, Fernandes, Carlos Henrique, Bartz, Marie L. C., Bernardi, Alberto Carlos De Campo, Pezzopane, José Ricardo Macedo & Brown, George Gardner, 2023, Earthworms in various agricultural and forest ecosystems in São Carlos-SP Brazil, pp. 324-335 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 329, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.26, http://zenodo.org/record/7744974

The earthworms of southeastern Vietnam are reported based on literature and samples collected during the period of 2012–2019. A total of 41 earthworm species of 12 genera in six families are recorded in the southeastern part of Vietnam. Of these, Polypheretima elongata and Dichogaster affinis are recorded for the first time in the region. The dominant family is Megascolecidae with 35 species of seven genera while each of the other families is represented by only one species, except for Octochaetidae which has one genus and two species. The comprehensive checklist also provides data of each species including examined specimens, distributions and remarks. An identification key to species is compiled for southeastern Vietnam.

The work was aimed to investigate earthworms species particularly Eutyphoeus endemic to India with the use of DNA barcodes and usual morpho-anatomical standards of earthworm taxonomy from protected areas of Garo Hills, Meghalaya, the north-east region (NER) of India. The study revealed two new records Eutyphoeus kempi Stephenson, E. nepalensis Michaelsen and confirms availability of three known sp. namely E. callosus Gates, E. gammiei Beddard and E. turaensis Stephenson. The neighbor-joining tree was constructed using the K2P substitution model and the genomic signature of each species using COI-1 gene was generated for the first time and were used to reconfirm the identification of species.

Eutyphoeus phawngpuiensis sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CB351D9C-03D8-4D71-B200-98B63669CEC0 (Fig. 2) Material examined. Holotype: One mature (complete body), (MZ17-574 - 1 A, IEW528-17), (Registration number: DHSGV-ZDM-H001), natural forests (22º67’06” N; 93º03’41”E) Phawngpui Blue Mountain National park Lawngtlai district towards the southeast of Mizoram, close to river Chhimtuipui, 1 August 2017, coll. Shweta Yadav. Paratypes: One mature (2–3 segment taken from anal part for DNA extraction) (MZ17-574 - 1 A1), data same as for holotype; 2 clitellate specimen (MZ17-700 - 23 A20), grasslands (22º 70’87” N; 93º 01’11”E) Cheural village sector-Saiha, Mizoram, data same as for holotype. 1 mature (caudal segment taken for DNA extraction) (MZ17- 609 - 6 A2), natural forests, (22º63’81”N; 93º02’44”E) Phawngpui Blue Mountain National Park, close to the peak of blue mountain, Mizoram, data same as for holotype. Paratypes (Registration number: DHSGV-ZDM-272016005), Bold accession number—ADL0658. Diagnosis. Length 119–187 mm, diameter 4–4.9 mm, segments 130–160. Prostomium tanylobic. First dorsal pore in xi/xii. Male pores in xvii. A single pair of spermathecal pores in intersegment 7/8 at ab. Pair of genital markings present ventrally in segments ix/x/xi/xii/xvi at ab and at a on xviii/xix/xx/xxi. Septa 6/7/8 absent. Intestinal caeca broadly tubular. Holandric, seminal vesicle in xii not extends much. Four pairs of supra-intestinal glands. Prostate glands tubular, paired in xvii to xxi; ducts twisted and directly attached to body wall. Bidiverticulate spermathecae. Penial setae with slightly curved and pointed tip. Description. External characters: Body cylindrical, length 119–187 mm, diameter 4–4.9 mm on clitellum, segments 130–160. Prostomium tanylobic. Colour, pigmented brownish, anterior seven segment relatively darkly pigmented while first two segment faded in live sample. First dorsal pore on intersegmental region of xi/xii. Clitellum annular, extends up to four segments i.e., 1/3xiii–xvii. Setae originates from segment iii, arranged regular, uniform throughout the body, setal arrangement aa = 2 ab = 0.5 bc = 1.4 cd = 0.1 dd on xii, aa = 3.2 ab = 1.7 bc = 2.5 cd = 0.15 dd on xxiv. One pair of spermathecal pores with transverse slit openings on intersegment 7/8 at ab. Female pore on segment xiv, between setae aa, presetal, paired, visible in the form of an elongated oval circle of light color. Male genital region avestibulate, pores discharges through transverse aperture on porophores in xvii on setal arc of b or lateral to b. Porophores encircled by thick elliptical projected mass with tapering ends. A distinct groove visible between both projected areas carrying male pores. Genital markings paired, postsetal on segments ix/x/xi/xii/xvi at ab, and paired, postsetal at a on xviii/xix/xx/xxi. Internal characters: Septa 4/5/6 thickened, muscular, septa 6/7/8 absent and 8/9/10 relatively less thickened. Septa 8/9 and 9/10 pulled backwardly. Oesophagus with a single gizzard in segments between v/vi and viii/ix. Dorsal blood vessel complete, extends anterior to gizzard in segment iii. A pair of discrete intramural calciferous glands in xii. Intestine begins in segment xv. Last pair of heart in segment xiii. Lateral intestinal caecae on segment xxvii paired, dorsally directed, broadly tubular. Median ventral caecae unpaired, 18 in number from segments xxxiii–l, supra-intestinal glands 4 pairs in lxxi–lxxv. Typhlosole originate from segment xxvii, simple, lamelliform. Testis holoandric, seminal vesicle in ix and xii, later one extends up to segment xiv, prostate tubular extending from xvii to xxi, ducts twisted and directly attached to body wall (Fig. 2f). Spermathecae paired, bidiverticulate, each with a multiloculate shortly stalked ental diverticula. Both diverticulum opens into a duct through a single opening, duct short and stout. Penial setae 1.30–2.16 mm long, 44–53µm diameter, smooth, tip pointed and slightly curved (Fig. 2i), 3–4 penial setae per battery. Genital marking gland absent. Etymology. “ phawngpuiensis ” is derived from its type habitation the Phawngpui Blue Mountain National park, Mizoram. Variations. The main variations observed between holotype and paratypes are in position of genital markings such as: in holotype the genital marking is present as paired, postsetal on segments ix/x/xi/xii/xvi at ab, and paired, postsetal at a on xviii/xix/xx/xxi segments. While in paratypes, sometimes genital marking on segment viii paired, postsetal at ab or sometimes genital marking on segments xix/xx/xxi were absent. Other variation observed were in female pore, in holotype female pore was clearly visible while in paratypes the position of pore was unclear. Remarks. The new species can be categorized into the Eutyphoeus hastatus group (Gates 1958) characterized by pair of spermathecal pores in 7/8 at ab, avestibulate male pores, holandric testes, short seminal vesicles in xii and a complete dorsal blood vessel. It is discriminated from other species of the group by bidiverticulate spermathecae, spermathecal pore at ab in 7/8, arrangements of genital markings and absence of genital marking glands (Table 3)., Published as part of Tiwari, Nalini, Lone, Azhar Rashid, Thakur, Samrendra Singh, James, Samuel W. & Yadav, Shweta, 2021, Three uncharted endemicearthworm species of the genus Eutyphoeus (Oligochaeta Octochaetidae) from Mizoram, India, pp. 41-61 in Zootaxa 5005 (1) on pages 46-48, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5005.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5141119, {"references":["Gates, G. E. (1958) The earthworms of Burma. VII. The genus Eutyphoeus, with notes on several Indian species. Records of the Indian Museum, 53, 93 - 222."]}

Eutyphoeus serei sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 056FC3BB-0AB3-4F20-8AFC-967730452F48 (Fig. 3) Material examined. Holotype: One mature (complete body), (MZ05 A160405, IEW092-17), (Registration number— ZSI CZRC A.20049), natural forests (24°05’08”N; 92°48’02”E) Dampa Tiger Reserve Forest, range terei, village serei, Mizoram. 28 September 2016, coll. Samuel W James & Shweta Yadav. Paratypes: One mature (caudal segment taken for DNA extraction) (MZ05 A170406, MZ05 A210410), data same as for holotype. Paratypes (Registration number— DHSGV ZDM 272016006), Bold accession number —ADH3131. Diagnosis. Length 170–180 mm, diameter 5.6–6 mm, segments 130–150. First dorsal pore in xi/xii. Female pore single on left side in xiv.Avestibulate, male pores in xvii. Pair of genital markings present ventrally in segments vii (postsetal), viii (presetal) at a, xvi (postsetal) lateral to b, xviii (postsetal at ab), sometimes on xix post setal at a. Septa 6/7/8 absent. Lateral intestinal caeca simple in xxviii. Metandric. 5–6 pairs of supra-intestinal glands. Prostate glands tubular, paired in xvi to xxiii–xxv. Bidiverticulate spermathecae. Penial setae with spoon shaped tip and pointed ends. Description. External characters: Length 170–180 mm by 5.6–6 mm on clitellum, segments 130–150. Prostomium (evanescent shape, bit distorted during preservation). Colour dark caramel. First dorsal pore intersegmental in xi/xii. Clitellum annular, extends up to four segments i.e., 1/3xiii–xvii. Setae originates from segment iii and setal arrangement are aa = 2.5 ab = 1.3 bc = 1.5 cd = 0.08 dd on xii, aa = 3 ab = 1.6 bc = 1.7 cd = 0.1 dd on xxiv. Spermathecal pores one pair on intersegmental region of 7/8, transverse slits like opening or small oval papillae at ab or lateral to b. Female pore single on segment xiv, single on left side at setal line a. Male genital region avestibulate, male pore discharges on the surface through the slit like aperture on protruded dark coloured porophores on segment xvii lateral to setal arc of b. Both porophores are thick short tubular outwardly focussed with centric male pores. Genital markings paired on vii (postsetal), viii (presetal) at a, viii (postsetal) at ab, xvi (post setal) lateral to b just above the encircled area of male genital region, a unique paired elongated marking having two small circular protuberance on xviii (post setal at ab), sometimes on xix post setal at a. Internal characters: Septa 4/5/6 thickened, muscularized, septa 6/7/8 absent and 8/9/10 relatively less thickened, muscular. Oesophagus contains a single gizzard between v/vi and viii/ix. Dorsal blood vessel complete, extends anterior to gizzard in segment iii. Discrete intramural calciferous glands in xii. Intestine begins in segment xv. Last pair of heart in segment xiii. Lateral intestinal caecae paired, conical in shape, ventrally directed in xxviii. Median ventral caecae unpaired, 5–6 in number from segments xxxi–xliii, Supra-intestinal glands 5–6 pairs in segment lxxxi–lxxxv. Typhlosole begins from xxvi simple, lamelliform. Testis metandric, seminal vesicle extending upto xvi. Prostate tubular occupy xvi to xxiii–xxv. Spermathecae paired, bidiverticulate, each with a 2.5–2.8 mm long multilobulated, dorsally directed ectal diverticula, both diverticulum opens into a duct through a separate opening, smaller in size in comparison to ampullae, ampulla cylindrical in shape, duct short. Penial setae 2–3mm long, without ornamentation, tip spoon shape with pointed ends (Fig. 3i). 1–3 penial setae per battery. Genital marking gland absent. Etymology. “ serei ” is derived from the Serei village in which the type’s habitation is found. Variations. The variations were observed in shape and position of spermathecal pores. In holotype, the spermathecal pore opens with a transverse slits on intersegmental region of 7/8 at b extending towards a while in one of its paratypes, spermathecal pore was present on a small oval papilla on intersegmental region of 7/8 at b extending towards lateral to b. Genital marking were present on segment xviii; holotype has two small circular protuberance within an elongated markings, while one of the paratypes has paired elongated markings with four small circular protuberances. Remarks. The new species belongs to the Eutyphoeus gigas group (Gates 1958) characterized by pigmented body, presence of first dorsal pore on xi/xii, single female pore on left side female pore of right side absent, presence of lateral intestinal caeca and numerous ventral caeca. The dorsal blood vessel is aborted and anterior testes along with the funnels of segment x and their ducts is absent. It is distinguished from other species of the group E. gigas Stephenson, 1917 by presence of spoon shaped tip of penial setae with lack of any kind of ornamentation and absence of genital marking glands (Table 3).

Tiwari, Nalini, Lone, Azhar Rashid, Thakur, Samrendra Singh, James, Samuel W., Yadav, Shweta (2021): Three uncharted endemicearthworm species of the genus Eutyphoeus (Oligochaeta Octochaetidae) from Mizoram, India. Zootaxa 5005 (1): 41-61, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.1.3

Earthworm survey was conducted in the selected habitats of Koppal district (15°09′00″ to 16°03′30″) of Hyderabad- Karnataka region. Earthworms were collected from Holemudalapura, Matti Mudalapura, Shivapur, Nelogal, Taralkatti, Putakmari, Kurubanhal, Budakunti, Anegundi and Rampur. 8 genera and 14 species of earthworms were identified viz., Dichogaster bolaui, Dichogaster modigliani, Octochaetona albida, Octochaetona paliensis, Octochaetona parva and Octochaetona prashadi belonging to family OCTOCHAETIDAE; Lampito mauritii, Perionyx fulvus, Perionyx koboensis, Perionyx millardi, Polypheretima elongata thecomorph and Polypheretima elongata athecomorph belonging to family MEGASCOLICIDAE; Thatonia gracilis and Thatonia parva belonging to family OCNERODRILIDAE and Eudrilus eugeniae belonging to family EUDRILIDAE. The smallest being Thatonia gracilis having a length of 2–2.5 cm and diameter of 1–1.5 mm and largest being Eudrilus euginiae having length 26–27 cm and diameter 5–5.6 mm. Dichogaster bolaui, Lampito mauritii, Perionyx koboensis Perionyx millardi, Thatonia gracilis & Thatonia parva were found in the garbage. Dichogaster modigliani, Lampito mauritii, Octochaetona albida, Octochaetona paliensis, Octochaetona parva, Polypheretima elongata thecomorph were found near the bore-well sewage water. Eudrilus eugeniae, Perionyx millardi, Polyperetima elongata athecomorph, Thatonia parva and Octochaetona prashadi in the gutter. Perionyx koboensis was found in the irrigated land. Parameters like temperature, humidity were recorded and physicochemical analysis of the soil was carried out. Keywords: Diversity, Earthworm, Habitat, Hyderabad_Karnataka, Species

Dichogaster bolaui Michaelsen, 1891 Pasture at IFMA Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil4°49'4.47''S, 43°20'33.03"W, 71 masl. (3 adults). 21 February 2019. Sousa, S.C, Sousa, A.M & Hernández-García, L.M colls. (MPEG 001630, MPEG 001631, MPEG 001634). Santa Tereza village, Old Secondary Cerrado, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil4°54'15.51''S, 43°28'2.20"W, 99 masl. (2 adults). 18 February 2019. Sousa, S.C, Sousa, A.M & Hernández-García, L.M colls. (MPEG 001632, MPEG 001633)., Published as part of Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Sousa, Anny Mykaelly De, Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Gualter, Regia Maria Reis & Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, 2020, A new earthworm species of the genus Rhinodrilus (Rhinodrilidae, Clitellata) and new records of earthworms species from the Amazon-Cerrado-Caatinga transition in the State of Maranhão, Brazil, pp. 169-174 in Zootaxa 4810 (1) on page 172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4810.1.11, http://zenodo.org/record/3937029, {"references":["Michaelsen, W. (1891) Oligochaeten des Naturhistorischen Museums in Hamburg. IV. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Abstalten, Hamburg, 8, 1890, 1 - 42."]}