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In this paper we show the way to apply some and analytical and numerical techniques in order to solve the forced Van der Pol oscillator. We illustrate the obtained results with examples. A comparison with Runge–Kutta numerical method is made in order to see the accuracy of the approximated analytical solution.

The Jacobi elliptic function method is applied to solve the generalized Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equation (BBM). Periodic and soliton solutions are formally derived in a general form. Some particular cases are considered. A power series method is also applied in some particular cases. Some solutions are expressed in terms of the Weierstrass elliptic function.

Leptopharsa gibbicarina, es una plaga de importancia económica en la palmicultura colombiana. Se evaluó la patogenicidad y virulencia de los hongos Beauveria bassiana (CPBb0404), Isaria fumosorosea (CPIf1001) y Purpureocillium lilacinum (CPPl0601) sobre adultos de L. gibbicarina obtenidos de una cría bajo condiciones controladas. La patogenicidad de los hongos se evaluó en laboratorio, con adultos de L. gibbicarina individualizados en cajas Petri y asperjados con 0,2 ml de una suspensión de 1 x 10(7) conidias/ml. La virulencia se evaluó en umbráculo en dos etapas, para esto se infestaron hojas de palma con adultos de L. gibbicarina y se asperjaron los hongos en dosis de 1 x 10(13) conidias/ha y posteriormente se varió la dosis asperjando el equivalente a 5 x 10(12), 1 x 10(13) y 1,5 x 10(13) conidias/ha. Después los hongos se evaluaron en un lote comercial de palma de aceite. Los resultados del experimento en laboratorio muestra que los tres hongos son patogénicos a L. gibbicarina (> 96% mortalidad). En la evaluacion de la virulencia I. fumosorosea, B. bassiana y P. lilacinum causaron mortalidades del 74,3%, 92,8% y 100%, respectivamente, encontrándose diferencias significativas (P = 0,05). Sin embargo, al evaluar diferentes dosis, no se encontraron diferencias estadísticas entre dosis y hongos evaluados. En la evaluación de los hongos en campo no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos. Este estudio permite recomendar a P. lilacinum para usarlo en programas de manejo integrado para el control de L. gibbicarina debido a que causa altas mortalidades (> 80%) y a los buenos atributos de calidad que presenta en su producción comercial. Leptopharsa gibbicarina, is considered an economically important pest in Colombian oil palm plantations. Experiments on pathogenicity and virulence of the fungus Beauveria bassiana (CPBb0404) Isaria fumosorosea (CPIf1001) and Purpureocillium lilacinum (CPPl0601) were evaluated on L. gibbicarina adults coming from a rearing unit. Pathogenicity of isolates was tested in laboratory. Adults of L. gibbicarina were individualized in Petri dishes and sprayed with 0.2 ml of a suspension of 1 x 10(7) conidia/ml. Virulence was evaluated in two stages under a shade house, first palm leaves were infested with L. gibbicarina adults, and treatments were sprayed at a dosage of 1 x 10(13) conidias/ha, then were tested at different dosages (5 x 10(12), 1 x 10(13) and 1.5 x 10(13) conidia/ ha). Finally a field experiment was conducted to test field efficacy. Results of laboratory experiment showed that the three fungi are pathogenic to L. gibbicarina (> 96% mortality). In the virulence test, I. fumosorosea, B. bassiana and P. lilacinum caused mortalities of 74.3%, 92.8% and 100%, respectively, being statistically significant differences (P = 0.05). However, when different dosages were tested, no statistical differences were found. Fungi then were evaluated under oil palm plantation conditions, and no significant statistical differences were detected. This study allows to recommend P. lilacinum to be applied in an integrated pest management program to control L. gibbicarina, due to its high virulence (> 80%) and quality control attributes in commercial production.

Comunicación oral dada en la 11ª Reunión Científica Plenaria de Química del Estado Sólido y la 17ª Reunión Científica Plenaria de Química Inorgánica, que tuvieron lugar en Málaga (España), del 19 al 22 de junio de 2016.

Poster presentado en la 11ª Reunión Científica Plenaria de Química del Estado Sólido y la 17ª Reunión Científica Plenaria de Química Inorgánica, que tuvieron lugar en Málaga (España), del 19 al 22 de junio de 2016.

International audience

The porphyrin content and composition in the extractable organic matter has been analysed in 13 Kimmeridge clay source rocks, spread from the north to the south of the Norwegian continental shelf. The samples are predominantly immature/early mature. The distribution of nickel and vanadyl porphyrins within the samples is markedly different. Effects of the thermal maturity on the composition of porphyrins is evaluated and compared with biomarker parameters based on sterane and hopane ratios. Maturity is modelled using partial least-squares (PLS) multivariate analysis with T max as a maturity indicator. Porphyrin parameters based on the total carbon number distribution of DPEP and ETIO series from the mass spectral data of the nickel and vanadyl porphyrin fractions effectively describe the T max of the samples with a better correlation than aliphatic biomarker ratios. Selected porphyrin and biomarker ratios were used for principal component analysis (PCA) modelling, and found to describe two types of variation that may be indicative of the prevailing depositional redox conditions.

The aim of the study was to determine the association between erythrocyte values, pulmonary arterial pressure and ventricular cardiac relationships in Cob-Vantress (CV) and Ross (R) lines under intensive breeding at sea level. It was used 61 birds of 35 days of age per line. Body weight (BW), hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin (Hb), erythrocyte count (E), pulmonary arterial pressure (PaPm), and rates among weights of right ventricle/total ventricle (RV/TV), left ventricle/total ventricle (LV/TV), right ventricle/body weight (RV/ BW), left ventricle/body weight (LV/BW), and total ventricle/body weight (TV/BW). Birds of line CV showed that BW (2.201 kg) and LF/TV (0.822) were greater that in line R (2.060 kg and 0.793 respectively) (p

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar especies o genotipos del protozoario parásito Cryptosporidium presentes en heces colectadas de terneros Holstein del municipio de Manizales, Departamento de Caldas, Colombia. El ADN fue extraído a 80 muestras de materia fecal, de las cuales 11 fueron diagnosticadas positivas para Cryptosporidium spp., mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). El análisis PCR-RFLP del locus 18S ADNr, identificó la presencia de Cryptosporidium parvum en todas las muestras positivas analizadas. Este hallazgo sugiere que el ganado puede ser una fuente potencial de infección por Cryptosporidium en humanos y se constituye en el primer reporte publicado de C. parvum en bovinos de Manizales, Caldas. The objective of this study was to identify species or genotypes of Cryptosporidium parasite present in feces collected from Holstein calves in Manizales city, Caldas Department, Colombia. DNA was extracted from 80 fecal samples, which 11 were diagnosed positive for Cryptosporidium spp., by the Polymerase Chain Reaction method. PCR-RFLP analysis of 18S rDNA locus identified the presence of Cryptosporidium parvum in all samples tested positive. This finding suggests that cattle may be a potential source of human infection by Cryptosporidium, and it becomes the first published report of C. parvum in cattle in Manizales, Caldas.

Leptopharsa gibbicarina, es una plaga de importancia económica en la palmicultura colombiana. Se evaluó la patogenicidad y virulencia de los hongos Beauveria bassiana (CPBb0404), Isaria fumosorosea (CPIf1001) y Purpureocillium lilacinum (CPPl0601) sobre adultos de L. gibbicarina obtenidos de una cría bajo condiciones controladas. La patogenicidad de los hongos se evaluó en laboratorio, con adultos de L. gibbicarina individualizados en cajas Petri y asperjados con 0,2 ml de una suspensión de 1 x 107 conidias/ml. La virulencia se evaluó en umbráculo en dos etapas, para esto se infestaron hojas de palma con adultos de L. gibbicarina y se asperjaron los hongos en dosis de 1 x 1013 conidias/ha y posteriormente se varió la dosis asperjando el equivalente a 5 x 1012, 1 x 1013 y 1,5 x 1013 conidias/ha. Después los hongos se evaluaron en un lote comercial de palma de aceite. Los esultados del experimento en laboratorio muestra que los tres hongos son patogénicos a L. gibbicarina (> 96% mortalidad). En la evaluacion de la virulencia I. fumosorosea, B. bassiana y P. lilacinum causaron mortalidades del 74,3%, 92,8% y 100%, respectivamente, encontrándose diferencias significativas (P = 0,05). Sin embargo, al evaluar diferentes dosis, no se encontraron diferencias estadísticas entre dosis y hongos evaluados. En la evaluación de los hongos en campo no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos. Este estudio permite recomendar a P. lilacinum para usarlo en programas de manejo integrado para el control de L. gibbicarina debido a que causa altas mortalidades (> 80%) y a los buenos atributos de calidad que presenta en su producción comercial.

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar especies o genotipos del parásito Cryptosporidium presentes en heces colectadas de terneros Holstein del municipio de Manizales, Departamento de Caldas, Colombia. El ADN fue extraído a 80 muestras de materia fecal, de las cuales 11 fueron diagnosticadas positivas para Cryptosporidium spp., por el método de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). El análisis PCR-RFLP del locus 18S ADNr, identificó la presencia de Cryptosporidium parvum en todas las muestras positivas analizadas. Este hallazgo sugiere que el ganado puede ser una fuente potencial de infección en humanos por Cryptosporidium, y se constituye en el primer reporte publicado de Cryptosporidium parvum en bovinos de Manizales, Caldas.

On April 12, 2009, Mexico responded to a request for verification by the World Health Organization (WHO) of an outbreak of acute respiratory illness in the small community of La Gloria, Veracruz. During April 15-17, the Mexico Ministry of Health received informal notification of clusters of rapidly progressive severe pneumonia occurring mostly in Distrito Federal (metropolitan Mexico City) and San Luis Potosi. In response, on April 17, Mexico intensified national surveillance for acute respiratory illness and pneumonia. During April 22-24, novel influenza A (H1N1) virus infection, previously identified in two children in the United States, was confirmed in several patients. This report updates a previous report on the outbreak in Mexico and summarizes public health actions taken to date by Mexico to monitor and control the outbreak. During March 1-May 29, national surveillance identified 41,998 persons with acute respiratory illness; specimens from 25,127 (59.8%) patients were tested, of which 5,337 (21.2%) were positive for novel influenza A (H1N1) virus infection by real-time reverse transcription--polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). As of May 29, 97 patients with laboratory-confirmed infection had died. Epidemiologic evidence to date suggests that the outbreak likely peaked nationally in late April, although localized cases continue to be identified.

Over the past 6 years several sedimentary porphyrins (petroporphyrins, geoporphyrins) were correlated for the first time with biological precursors specific for classes of organisms (algae, photosynthetic bacteria (Chlorobiacea)). This article discusses the various examples of correlations and the methods that led to these conclusions (isolation of pure porphyrins, structure determination using spectroscopic techniques, total synthesis, isotope measurements)

Overlay Networks have been designed as a promising solution to deliver new services via the use of intermediate nodes, acting as proxies or relays. This concept enables to hide the heterogeneity and variability of the underlying networks. In the Ambient Networks (ANs) project, the objectives are to study the composition and decomposition of services, the multi-radio interfaces, the user and network mobility and all the features that should address the networks dynamic, variability, change and so on. In this project, the concept of overlay networks has been selected as the means to deliver services, that should be adapted to end-users' context, regarding the access network, the location, the used device and the user's preferences. Obviously, since ANs are very dynamic, variable, the overlay network should be adaptable to fit the new environment. In this paper we present the architecture of this overlay network as well as the dynamic and secure deployment mechanisms which aim at improving the delivery of adapted services. The overlay network being created upon service providers request, an interface allowing this creation request and further configuration requests has been defined and is presented in this paper, the so-called Ambient Service Interface (ASI). Finally to prove the interest of our solution, an implementation of an IPTV services use-case is escribed.

Objetivo: exponer algunos componentes psicosociales de los adultos mayores de Caldas, Antioquia para identificar procesos protectores y causantes de deterioro del desarrollo humano y social de este colectivo. Metodología: esta investigación es un estudio descriptivo-transversal, de intervención, que tiene en cuenta elementos de la epidemiología crítica. Como técnica cuantitativa para la recolección de información, se realizó un muestreo multietápico, estratificado y en el componente cualitativo, un muestreo intencional. Resultado: aunque se encuentran varios procesos deteriorantes de la salud psicosocial de los adultos mayores, al aplicar una escala de depresión geriátrica con la que se puede tener un indicio de la condición mórbida por depresión, se encuentra un reducido número con ella. Conclusión: los adultos mayores de Caldas cuentan con mecanismos socioculturales compensadores que les permiten desarrollarse en el contexto caldeño haciendo frente a las vulnerabilidades para lograr un envejecimiento, si no exitoso, al menos adaptado a las adversidades. La vulnerabilidad identificada en este grupo de adultos mayores debe enriquecer el diagnóstico sobre sus condiciones para favorecer el desarrollo de políticas públicas orientadas a mejorar esos procesos deteriorantes; los procesos protectores identificados deben ser potenciados y favorecidos igualmente por los grupos intersectoriales, que deben aunar esfuerzos por la protección de los adultos mayores. Objective: to expose some psychosocial components of senior citizens from Caldas, Antioquia, in order to identify protective and deteriorating processes for human and social development of this population group. Materials and methods: this is a cross-sectional descriptive study with intervention features that takes into account elements of critical epidemiology. A stratified multistage survey was conducted as a quantitative technique for collection of data, and for the qualitative component an intentional sampling was performed. Results: despite the fact that some deteriorating aspects in the level of psychosocial health for senior citizens were found with the application of a geriatric scale of depression (intended to show depression morbid conditions), a reduced number of depressed individuals was found. Conclusions: Caldas senior citizens have several compensating socio-cultural mechanisms that into context allow them to face vulnerabilities, to adapt to these and to achieve a more or less successful ageing. This senior citizens group identified vulnerabilities should enhance the diagnostic of their conditions in order to promote the development of public policies against deteriorating processes, while protective processes should be encourage by different sectors asked to join efforts for the senior citizen protection.

DNA ploidy and cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry is used to obtain additional information about the diagnosis and prognosis of different types of cancer. However, there are several disagreements among authors about the tissue source (fresh-frozen or paraffin embedded), cellular dissociation methods (mechanical, enzymatic or other), use of different dyes, lasers, analysis software with different mathematical models and interpretation of results. A discussion about the different aspects that affect the study of DNA ploidy and cell cycle and a consensus in publications is mandatory. A strict control of analysis processes and data interpretation is also necessary.