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Purse‐seine fishers using drifting fish aggregating devices (dFADs), mainly built with bamboo, plastic buoys, and plastic netting, to aggregate and catch tropical tuna, deploy 46,000–65,000 dFADs per year in the Pacific Ocean. Some of the major concerns associated with this widespread fishing device are potential entanglement of sea turtles and other marine fauna in dFAD netting; marine debris and pollution; and potential ecological damage via stranding on coral reefs, beaches, and other essential habitats for marine fauna. To assess and quantify the potential connectivity (number of dFADs deployed in an area and arriving in another area) between dFAD deployment areas and important oceanic or coastal habitat of critically endangered leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) and hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) sea turtles in the Pacific Ocean, we conducted passive‐drift Lagrangian experiments with simulated dFAD drift profiles and compared them with known important sea turtle areas. Up to 60% of dFADs from equatorial areas were arriving in essential sea turtle habitats. Connectivity was less when only areas where dFADs are currently deployed were used. Our simulations identified potential regions of dFAD interactions with migration and feeding habitats of the east Pacific leatherback turtle in the tropical southeastern Pacific Ocean; coastal habitats of leatherback and hawksbill in the western Pacific (e.g., archipelagic zones of Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and Solomon Islands); and foraging habitat of leatherback in a large equatorial area south of Hawaii. Additional research is needed to estimate entanglements of sea turtles with dFADs at sea and to quantify the likely changes in connectivity and distribution of dFADs under new management measures, such as use of alternative nonentangling dFAD designs that biodegrade, or changes in deployment strategies, such as shifting locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The rough-toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis) inhabits oceanic waters of tropical latitudes and exhibits philopatry in some oceanic islands. However, the species has been observed in shallow coastal waters in a few areas. Particularly in Central America, the rough-toothed dolphin has been reported by occasional records and strandings. For instance, the first confirmed record of this species in the Panama's Caribbean was on July 17, 2012, in a coastal region of the Chiriquí Lagoon during a bottlenose dolphin monitoring survey. Similarly, the first rough-toothed dolphin mass stranding reported for the Pacific of Panama was on April 20, 2016, at the Ostional Beach, where 60 dolphins stranded and ten died. These sightings and events offered a valuable opportunity to obtain samples to conduct genetic studies, which are scarce in the region. Objective: In this study, we present the first assessment of genetic diversity for rough-toothed dolphins based on mitochondrial DNA Control Region (mtDNA-CR) in the Panamanian Pacific and the Wider Caribbean. Methods: Samples were collected in Colombia (N=5), Panama (N-Caribbean=1, N-Pacific=9), and Puerto Rico (N=3) from free-ranging and stranded individuals. DNA was extracted from each sample, and a mtDNA segment of around 534 to 748 bp was amplified through the PCR reaction. The obtained sequences were compared with rough-toothed dolphin haplotypes previously published in NCBI (N=70), from the Atlantic, Indian, and the Pacific Oceans. Results: Our findings showed significant population structure among ocean basins (strong differentiation with ΦST data), and high genetic diversity within each phylogroup. Only the Atlantic Ocean showed high genetic differentiation within the basin, detecting three phylogroups: the Caribbean, northern, and southern Atlantic. Conclusions: These findings support previous genetic studies that indicate high levels of population structure among ocean basins, although this species seems to be widely dispersed. However, samples from Panama and the Caribbean appear to show connectivity between highly differentiated Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Therefore, our results highlight the need for more research to assess the rough-toothed dolphin genetic and population status in Central America, as the piece of the puzzle needed to clarify its taxonomy and genetic differentiation worldwide. This information is needed due to the rough-toothed dolphin IUCN categorization as "Least Concern" and its classification into appendix II according to CITES. While individuals are potentially threatened by incidental fishing, no management units are currently used to conserve this species despite its high genetic differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Man-made debris is a global problem for seabirds because it is ingested by many species. Markham's Storm Petrel Hydrobates markhami, which breeds in the Atacama Desert and is endemic to the Humboldt Current in the eastern South Pacific, has been poorly studied in this regard. Earlier studies found low levels of man-made debris in the species' diet. We quantified the present-day frequency-occurrence of man-made debris in fledglings and adults of Markham's Storm Petrel in Chile. We found that 16 of 25 fledglings and all adults contained man-made debris in their digestive tract, indicating the prevalence of man-made debris in this species' diet is higher than previously reported. Additional work is needed to assess the importance of this finding to conservation efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mexico has 4,111 islands, keys and reefs off its coasts in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Even though this insular territory is covered in federal, state, and municipal policies, some legal and environmental ambiguities, and the lack of social integration of the island populations, have resulted in heavily accentuated insularity for its inhabitants. This article carries out a general survey of the insular territory of Mexico and addresses representative cases (Cedros Island, islands in the Gulf of California, the Mary Islands, Cozumel and Isla Mujeres) to indicate possible goals of proposals for the integration of this territory and its populations in terms of common legislation to improve the conditions arising from insularity. Besides, this article will examine successful international cases in archipelagos such as the Galapagos Islands (Ecuador) and the Canary Islands (Spain), whose legal frameworks for the management of insularity take into account geographical perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dinoflagellate genus Metadinophysis (Dinophyceae: Dinophysales) is recorded for the first time in the Buenaventura Bay and Uramba National Natural Park-PNN Uramba in Málaga Bay in the central Colombian Pacific and its density is analyzed with tidal changes. Cells were recorded with subtriangular and reniform outline in ventral view and small epitheca. Left sulcal fin with three ribs and the right one very reduced or absent, presenting average size 43.1 µm total length and 25.0 µm total width, the density of the genus was analyzed under four factors, high tide and low tide in Buenaventura Bay and in Málaga Bay; significant differences were found between the density at high tide and low tide for Buenaventura Bay, the difference between high tide in Malaga Bay and low tide in Buenaventura Bay. Likewise, it was established that the density distribution has no spatial structure in any of the tidal events. With the present study, the genus Metadinophysis is recorded for the first time in the Colombian Pacific, extending its distribution globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Un desastre ambiental de dimensiones hasta ahora incalculables fue ocasionado por el derrame de petróleo ocurrido el sábado 15 de enero de 2022, cuando el ducto de descarga de la embarcación italiana Mare Dorium se rompiera durante sus actividades de carga y descarga del crudo en el litoral marino de la Refinería La Pampilla. El objetivo del estudio fue realizar una primera aproximación del daño ambiental producido 30 días después del derrame de petróleo en la Refinería La Pampilla. Ha sido elaborado tomando como base el análisis documental, de la información de documentos de organismos públicos y artículos científicos de bases indexadas. El petróleo derramado ha sido de 11.900 barriles que se han desplazado en dirección norte por efecto de las corrientes marinas, el área de expansión del crudo es de 1.739.000 m2, más de 24 playas están contaminadas y la zona impactada por el petróleo es de 713 ha de mar y 180 ha de litoral, afectando los hábitats y la biodiversidad de la Reserva Nacional Sistema de Islas, Islotes y Puntas Guaneras y la Zona Reservada Ancón. Cerca de 500 especies de algas marinas, invertebrados, aves y mamíferos han sido afectadas. La Universidad y los organismos públicos deben establecer líneas de investigación que incluyan el manejo y conservación de especies, para que se ejecuten en las costas del litoral marino peruano, a cargo de profesionales especializados, así como proporcionar la logística y recursos económicos, para la recuperación y mantenimiento de la biodiversidad marina.

Se registra por primera vez el género de dinoflagelado Metadinophysis (Dinophyceae: Dinophysales) en la bahía de Buenaventura y el Parque Nacional Natural Uramba- PNN Uramba en Bahía Málaga del Pacífico colombiano central, se analiza su densidad con los cambios de marea. Se registraron células con contorno subtriangular y reniforme en vista ventral, epiteca pequeña. Aleta sulcal izquierda con tres costillas y la derecha muy reducida o ausente, presentando tamaño promedio 43.1 m de longitud total y 25.0 m de ancho total, la densidad del género se analizó bajo cuatro factores, la marea alta y la marea baja en la bahía de Buenaventura y en la bahía de Málaga. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre la densidad en la marea alta y la marea baja para la bahía de Buenaventura, la diferencia entre la marea alta de la bahía de Málaga y la marea baja de la bahía de Buenaventura. Asimismo, se estableció que la distribución de la densidad no tiene ninguna estructura espacial en ninguno de los eventos mareales. Con el presente estudio se registra por primera vez el género de Metadinophysis en el pacífico colombiano, ampliando su distribución a nivel global.

México posee 4.111 islas, cayos y arrecifes frente a sus litorales en los océanos Pacífico y Atlántico. Aunque este territorio insular está considerado en las políticas federales, estatales y municipales, algunas ambigüedades jurídicas y ambientales, así como la falta de integración social de las poblaciones isleñas, han redundado en que la insularidad se acentúe y se viva de manera extrema. Este artículo brinda un estado general del territorio insular de México y aborda casos emblemáticos (Cedros, islas del golfo de California, islas Marías, Cozumel, Isla Mujeres) para indicar hacia dónde podrían apuntar las propuestas para la integración de este territorio y sus poblaciones en cuanto a una legislación común que mejore las condiciones que se desprenden de la insularidad. Además, se señalan casos internacionales de éxito en archipiélagos como Galápagos (Ecuador) y Canarias (España), cuyas experiencias para el manejo de la insularidad en los marcos legales consideran perspectivas geográficas.

Copyright of Journal of Negative & No Positive Results is the property of Research & Science S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Informacion Comercial Espanola Revista de Economia is the property of S.G.E.E.I.P.C., Secretaria de Estado de Comercio, Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Los Infortunios de Alonso Ramírez es una biografía, escrita casi al dictado por el erudito mexicano Carlos de Sigüenza, que narra las aventuras de un criollo de Puerto Rico que abandona su patria y se traslada sucesivamente a Cuba y Nueva España, hasta llegar en 1684 a las Islas Filipinas. Embarcado en una fragata española, es capturado por la nave corsaria inglesa Cygnet, donde como cautivo asiste a las operaciones piráticas de sus captores en el Sudeste de Asia hasta la disolución de la sociedad criminal en aguas brasileñas. El relato de Alonso Ramírez sirve para ampliar nuestros conocimientos sobre el Pacífico y el Índico a finales del siglo XVII y se convierte así en una aportación singular a la historia del imperio español en Asia e incluso a la historia universal en la época de la primera globalización, que algunos autores llaman rotundamente la época de la globalización ibérica. Abstract Infortunios de Alonso Ramírez is a biography, written by the Mexican author Carlos de Sigüenza, that tells the adventures of a criollo born in Puerto Rico, who travels to Cuba, New Spain and, finally, in 1684, to the Philippine Islands. On board of a Spanish frigate, he is seized by the Cygnet, an English privateer ship, where, as a captive, he attends the piratic actions of the seamen in South East Asia until the end of the criminal society in the Brazilian coast. This narrative helps to enlarge our knowledge about the Pacific and Indian Oceans at the end of the XVIIth century, so becoming a meaningful contribution to the History of the Spanish Empire in Asiaa and even to the World History in the times of the first globalization, that some authors openly call the times of the Iberian globalization.

When the Swiss theologian Karl Barth visited America in 1962, he had a private conversation with Charles H. Long, who asked, among other things, "How do you like this strange place called the United States?" The locus for Long's question--the black religious experience--complicated Barth's audacious proposal that American theologians should develop a theology of freedom. Long's question, furthermore, outflanked Barth by calling for the recognition of America as a hermeneutical situation and advancing the (de)constructive argument that "a theology of freedom is first a destruction of theology as a powerful mode of discourse." This article suggests that the way toward Barth's so-called theology of freedom is to develop theology in this (de)constructive mode by recharting the Mediterranean and Atlantic worlds in order to catalyze the (re)imagination of matter. Such recasting of our thought means "going back into the water," specifically the Pacific Ocean, for a reorientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Clypeaster europacificus is a species of sand dollar found from 0 to 200 m in the Gulf of California. Objective: Describe the morphology and relative growth in the test of C. europacificus. Methods: We measured 1 846 museum specimens of C. europacificus (N = 1 846) and analyzed growth pattern in 32 specimens from Baja California Sur, Mexico (64 m depth). We studied five variables: major radius (R) (independent variable), minor radius (r), length of anterior petal (LP), total test area (A) and dry weight (P). Results: The petaloid cover area and the outline of the test are the important taxonomic characters for C. europacificus: they range from almost round in small specimens (≤ 3 cm in radius) to wavy, emphasizing a pentagonal outline, in larger organisms (≥ 3.1 cm in radius). Conclusions: There is negative allometric growth in the relationships R vs. r, R vs. A, and R vs. P; while the relationship R vs. LP has positive allometric growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Con este trabajo se estudia el diario de Basil Ringrose y el atlas de William Hack como ejemplo de las formas en las que el Pacífico fue cada vez más representado en la cartografía inglesa de la segunda parte del siglo XVII, lo cual llevó a su inclusión en obras compuestas por mapas (o atlas), en el marco de la expansión marítima por el que la Gran Bretaña transitó en esa centuria. Si bien los ingleses en principio dependieron de la cartografía neerlandesa, la necesidad de conocer con más detalle las regiones a las que se dirigían sus travesías los obligaron a elaborar nuevos mapas con las informaciones obtenidas por sus propios navegantes. Este fue el caso de los trabajos de Ringrose y Hack, los cuales se elaboraron a partir de un libro de mapas español capturado en las costas de Guayaquil donde se mostraban con detalle las costas del Pacífico americano y cuya información pronto fue copiada y reinterpretada para que sirviera a los navegantes ingleses. La relevancia de esos trabajos se debe a que, como explica James Akerman, los atlas cuentan con esquemas geográficos que representan una narrativa de los territorios expuestos a partir de una estructura que tiene una intencionalidad planteada por los autores o editores de esos trabajos. En el caso de Ringrose y Hack, los textos de ambos se estructuraron en función de los mapas contenidos en ellos y tuvieron la intención de sintetizar la información geográfica que se obtenía de un espacio marítimo en construcción, como en ese momento era el Pacífico, además de dar cuenta de los alcances de las navegaciones inglesas y servir de propaganda para generar mayor interés en dichas aventuras.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Latin American & Caribbean Studies (Routledge) is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Espacio, Tiempo y Forma. Serie IV, Historia Moderna is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archives de Sciences Sociales des Religions is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Marine snails of the genus Conus have acquired remarkable biomedical importance because of the high number of toxins they produce for feeding and self-defense. One of these toxins gave way to a new medication and two other are under development for clinical and cosmetic purposes. Nevertheless, there is little basic knowledge about this group of species, particularly in Mexico. This study aimed to determine the relative abundance, spatial distribution, bathymetric distribution, and habitat preference of the snail Conus princeps along the southern coast of Jalisco (Mexico). To achieve this goal, we conducted direct samplings by snorkeling or scuba diving at 13 beaches, covering the intertidal, shallow subtidal, and deep subtidal zones. Relative density was between 0.021 and 0.418 snails per 100 m2, with an average value of 0.152 snails per 100 m². The population showed an aggregated spatial distribution pattern according to the nearest neighbor index. Snails had shells that measured between 23.1 mm and 52.2 mm long, with an average shell size of 39.7 mm. Conus princeps was mainly distributed in the intertidal and shallow subtidal zones. The smaller organisms were present at shallower depths, while the larger organisms were distributed throughout the sampled depth habitats. In general, snail abundance decreased as depth increased. From the underwater photography analysis, we determined that Conus princeps snails prefer rocky bottom habitats covered with brown seaweed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article addresses the development of the tourism industry in Rapa Nui since the 1940s, and the factors that made it possible for it to be taken up by the community and not by foreigners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The El Pelado Marine Reserve is an important protected area of the Ecuadorian coast due to the connectivity it has with other marine protected areas. Objective: Identify patterns of spatial variation in the community structure of shallow fund macrobenthos. Materials and Methods: Ten sites were sampled in the area near the coast and the El Pelado Islet. The abundance of macroinvertebrates and sessile organisms was estimated visually by diving along two parallel transects parallel to the coast. Each transect was 50 m long and 5 m wide, with a total area of 500 m2 per location. Salinity, pH, residual chlorine, oxygen, floating material, fecal coliforms, mercury, oils and fats were recorded on the sea surface. Results: 92 species were identified (86 species of invertebrates and 6 species of macroalgae); the best represented group was the cnidarians with 31 species from 13 families, followed by the molluscs with 15 species from 11 families. The species with higher average abundances were of macroinvertebrates Echinometra vanbrunti (21.54%), sessile organisms Bugula californica (34.2%). Conclusions: No significant differences were found in the diversity, richness and equity of macrobenthic species between study areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Baja California Peninsula is an isolated territory distinguished by the presence of export-oriented fisheries and the social organization of fishermen. The environmental histories of two fishing management schemes on the Pacific coast (abalone/lobster and sea urchin) are described. The origins of these two systems are similar in terms of (1) intensive fishing management schemes for catches that enjoy high commercial value in Asia; and (2) a change in occupations as land-based ranchers and farmers were converted into fishermen. In a second stage, fishermen organized in cooperatives, which led to the introduction of a co-management scheme to exploit abalone and lobster in the southern area and red sea urchins in the north. Responding to changes in the natural environment, social organization, institutions, commercial trends and, more recently, the climate, these fishers developed an adaptive co-management scheme that provides cases of successful experiences in the country that could stimulate the implementation of sustainable management schemes in other fisheries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar tendências de índices extremos de precipitação sobre a Paraíba, e correlacioná-los com as anomalias de Temperatura da Superfície do Mar (TSM) dos Oceanos Atlântico e Pacífico. Os dados de precipitação diária, no período de 1935 a 2004, foram oriundos de 23 postos pluviométricos pertencentes ao Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET). Utilizou-se o programa RClimdex para calcular os índices extremos de precipitação, e aplicou-se o método dos mínimos quadrados e o teste não paramétrico de Mann-Kendall para identificar as tendências e suas respectivas significâncias estatísticas. Em seguida, foram calculadas as correlações entre os índices extremos de precipitação e a TSM. Foi encontrado maior número de localidades com tendências positivas no período de 1935 e 1969, e as maiores correlações foram com o Atlântico. As Mesorregiões do Sertão e Agreste do estado da Paraíba tiveram relação com as anomalias de TSM do Atlântico, Pacifico e Oscilação Multidecadal do Atlântico (OMA), a Borborema com as do Atlântico e OMA e, o Litoral com o Atlântico.

Pese a quedar en secreto por la diplomacia inglesa, las noticias del viaje de circunnavegación de Francis Drake fueron difundidas y alimentadas por las naciones extranjeras. En este artículo analizamos las imágenes del corsario y de su paso por el océano Pacífico en la literatura española del Siglo de Oro, así como sus representaciones en la cartografía, como elemento de propaganda y de elaboración del conocimiento geográfico.

Time series obtained by reanalysis are analyzed in different zones of the Pacific Ocean Mexican coast, in order to obtain climatology. The results indicate that they are related to local conditions and to the ocean-atmosphere interaction on the coast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]