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The adaptability of double-shield tunnel boring machine(TBM) to bad geology is poor, such as in the case of sudden mud water, surrounding rock crushing and collapse and other bad geological disasters, it is easy to occur TBM stuck, resulting in construction delay and economic losses. Based on the research background of Lanzhou water source project, combined with the construction characteristics of double shield TBM, the influences of electromagnetic interference, longer shield and segment support were analyzed. The observation system of seismic wave method and resistivity method were improved by using TBM cutterhead holes and segment grouting holes, combined with auxiliary devices, and a comprehensive prediction system suitable for double shield TBM was proposed. The research results show that the comprehensive advanced geological system can better adapt to the construction characteristics of double-shield TBM, and can effectively identify the development of the fractured zone and groundwater in front of it. Combined with field application examples, the feasibility and effectiveness of the method were verified, which can be used as reference for similar projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melt pond is one of the most significant and important features of Arctic sea ice in the summer and can dramatically reduce the albedo of ice, promoting more energy into the upper ocean. The observation of the seasonal evolution of melt pond can improve our fundamental understanding of the role and sensitivity of sea ice in the context of global climate change. In this study, an ice-tethered observation system is developed for melt pond evolution with vision and temperature profile measurements. The system composition, structure of the ice-tethered buoy, freeze-resistant camera, and thermistor chain are analyzed. A sealed shell and electric heating wires are used to increase the temperature to around the camera in low-temperature environments. The ice thickness and depth of melt pond can be inverted using a specific interface recognition algorithm. A low-light image enhancement strategy is proposed to improve the quality of images under the low lighting conditions in polar regions. The proposed system was tested in the second reservoir of Fen River, Yellow River, from 15 January to 27 January 2021. An artificial freshwater pond was used as the location for thermistor chain deployment and observation. The differences in mean square error (MSE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and feature similarity index (FSIM) between the original and enhanced images indicate that the proposed algorithm is suitable for low-light image enhancement. The research on the ice-tethered observation system will provide a new framework and technical support for the seasonal observation for melt pond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionTo develop a small-scale regional microseismic location model for coal mines and enhance the accuracy of microseismic location at the bottom plate,this article proposes a high-precision location algorithm for 3D-Fast Sweeping Method (3D-FSM) seismic sources under time quality constraints.MethodsThe study investigates the numerical simulation of microseismic location accuracy on coal seam floor, considering various observation systems, arrival time picking errors, and wave velocity discrepancies. The algorithm employs a VGG-16 deep learning network to train and establish a quality control model for P-wave pickup values; Next, utilizing the 3D-FSM framework, it calculate the seismic wave travel time field and applies Fermat’s principle for each detection point, as well as the reversible principle of elastic wave propagation path. This allows for the determination of the spatial path and travel time from any potential source point to the detection point. Finally, the algorithm scans each computational node, using the controlled travel time difference to identify the source point corresponding to the smallest spatial node.ResultsThe results indicate that the location error of the borehole tunnel observation system is smaller than that of the tunnel observation system. Specifically, with the borehole tunnel observation system, the variance in P-wave arrival time picking is 1 ms, and the wave velocity variance is 20 m/s2, demonstrating high accuracy.DiscussionThe findings suggest that the 3D-FSM seismic source location algorithm, under quality control, approaches the precision of manual location methods and exhibits high reliability, even when disregarding significant accuracy errors during the quality control location process.

Meteoroids entering the Earth's atmosphere lose most of their mass during atmospheric passage and considerably disturb the background ionosphere. To elucidate better the effects of meteoroids on the near-Earth space environment, it is important to simultaneously observe various meteoroids and their related phenomena in the Earth's atmosphere. This study briefly describes a newly developed Meteor and ionospheric Irregularity Observation System (MIOS), which consists of a phased-array radar, a bi-static all-sky radar, and a multi-station optical imaging and spectroscopy subsystem. The MIOS can capture the processes of ablation and evaporation of meteoroids, creating luminous and ionization trails, and measure the properties of both the meteor trail and its corresponding meteoroid within a large field of view. Based on the MIOS, some observational modes and data processing methods have been developed, where the physical and chemical properties of meteoroids (including their velocity, mass, composition, and source region), meteor plasma head and trail irregularity and their structural evolution, and the instantaneous neutral wind can be obtained. Using the MIOS measurements, a preliminary study of some of the characteristics of meteoroids, meteor plasma head, meteor plasma trail field–aligned and non-field–aligned irregularities, meteor flare and dust trail irregularity, and ionospheric irregularity is presented.

Copyright of Reviews of Geophysics & Planetary Physics is the property of Editorial Office of Reviews of Geophysics & Planetary Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coal Geology & Exploration is the property of Xian Research Institute of China Coal Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper reviews the century-old development of the seismic wide-angle reflection and refraction profiling, focusing on the emergence and evolution of the main technical links such as equipment, observation systems, observation experiment, seismic phase identification and data analysis. We divide its development into four stages: germination, birth, growth, and perfection. For the early stages, the review highlights the individuals and events that played critical roles in the method's inception, with as much detail as possible; while the later stages focus on the germination, emergence, improvement, application and key literature of the methods, covering aspects such as profile method, encounter and chase observation, and the completeness of seismic wide-angle reflection and refraction profile data, etc. The results are not the focus, so their description is brief. The paper also discusses advancements in related fields such as natural seismology, seismic refraction exploration, seismic reflection exploration, electronic technology, communication technology, measurement technology, computer technology, computational mathematics and others, all of which have promoted the development of seismic wide-angle reflection and refraction profiling. Looking forward to the future, the wide-angle reflection and refraction profile has great potential in the field of deep exploration and mineral resource exploration in China. This article is a tribute to the predecessors of geoscience who have dedicated themselves to the pursuit of scientific truth.

Melt pond is one of the most significant and important features of Arctic sea ice in the summer and can dramatically reduce the albedo of ice, promoting more energy into the upper ocean. The observation of the seasonal evolution of melt pond can improve our fundamental understanding of the role and sensitivity of sea ice in the context of global climate change. In this study, an ice-tethered observation system is developed for melt pond evolution with vision and temperature profile measurements. The system composition, structure of the ice-tethered buoy, freeze-resistant camera, and thermistor chain are analyzed. A sealed shell and electric heating wires are used to increase the temperature to around the camera in low-temperature environments. The ice thickness and depth of melt pond can be inverted using a specific interface recognition algorithm. A low-light image enhancement strategy is proposed to improve the quality of images under the low lighting conditions in polar regions. The proposed system was tested in the second reservoir of Fen River, Yellow River, from 15 January to 27 January 2021. An artificial freshwater pond was used as the location for thermistor chain deployment and observation. The differences in mean square error (MSE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and feature similarity index (FSIM) between the original and enhanced images indicate that the proposed algorithm is suitable for low-light image enhancement. The research on the ice-tethered observation system will provide a new framework and technical support for the seasonal observation for melt pond.

Copyright of Journal of Geodesy & Geodynamics (1671-5942) is the property of Editorial Board Journal of Geodesy & Geodynamics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although pressure pipelines serve as a secure and energy-efficient means of transporting oil, gas, and chemicals, they are susceptible to fatigue cracks over extended periods of cyclic loading due to the challenging operational conditions. Their quality and efficiency directly affect the safe operation of the project. Therefore, a thorough and precise characterization approach towards pressure pipelines can proactively mitigate safety risks and yield substantial economic and societal benefits. At present, the current mainstream 2D ultrasound imaging technology faces challenges in fully visualizing the internal defects and topography of pressure pipelines. Reverse time migration (RTM), widely employed in geophysical exploration, has the capability to visualize intricate geological structures. In this paper, we introduced the RTM into the realm of ultrasonic non-destructive testing, and proposed a 3D ultrasonic RTM imaging method for internal defects and sensor settings of pressure pipelines. To accurately simulate the extrapolation of wave field in 3D pressure pipelines, we set the absorbing boundary and double free boundary in cylindrical coordinates. Subsequently, using the 3D ultrasonic RTM approach, we attained higher-precision 3D imaging of internal defects in the pressure pipelines through suppressing imaging artifacts. By comparing and analyzing the imaging results of different sensor settings, the design of the observation system is optimized to provide a basis for the imaging and interpretation of actual data. Both simulations and actual field data demonstrate that our approach delivers top-notch 3D imaging of pipeline defects (with an imaging range accuracy up to 97.85%). This method takes into consideration the complexities of multiple scattering and mode conversions occurring at the base of the defects as well as the optimal sensor settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tunnel seismic detection methods are effective for obtaining the geological structure around the tunnel face, which is critical for safe construction and disaster mitigation in tunnel engineering. However, there is often a lack of accuracy in the acquired geological information and physical properties ahead of the tunnel face in the current tunnel seismic detection methods. Thus, we apply a frequency-domain acoustic full-waveform inversion (FWI) method to obtain high-resolution results for the tunnel structure. We discuss the influence of the frequency group selection strategy and the tunnel observation system settings regarding the inversion results and determine the structural imaging and physical property parameter inversion of abnormal geological bodies ahead of the tunnel face. Based on the conventional strategies of frequency-domain acoustic FWI, we propose a frequency group selection strategy that combines a low-frequency selection covering the vertical wavenumber and a high-frequency selection of anti-aliasing. This strategy can effectively obtain the spatial structure and physical parameters of the geology ahead of the tunnel face and improve the inversion resolution. In addition, by linearly increasing the side length of the tunnel observation system, we share the influence of the length of the two sides of the observation systems of different tunnels on the inversion results. We found out that the inversion results are the best when the side length is approximately five times the width of the tunnel face, and the influence of increasing the side observation length beyond this range on the inversion results can be ignored. Finally, based on this approach, we invert for the complex multi-stratum model, and an accurate structure and physical property parameters of the complex stratum ahead of the tunnel face are obtained, which verifies the feasibility of the proposed method.

CO2 geological storage projects are an essential tool for China to achieve the double carbon target of energy savings and emission reductions. In order to safely and effectively control the implementation of injection projects and monitor the dynamics of CO2 injection, multi-dimensional and multi-disciplinary monitoring tools are required. Among them, microseismic monitoring is a key technology for predicting reservoir dynamics and reflecting reservoir geomechanical behavior. Such monitoring has been carried out previously for reservoirs in other countries, but experimental projects are also gradually being developed in China. In this paper, we focus on the research and analysis results of microseismic monitoring of carbon storage projects in various work areas. For different reservoir conditions, we explore combinations of the monitoring implementation methods in China, comparing the differences in each work area. We propose a joint well and ground microseismic monitoring method and a multi-spatial and multi-physical field coupling research system for use in the implementation of domestic demo projects for the future research and development of microseismic monitoring of carbon storage projects. The monitoring program can meet the requirements for certain periodic repeated or continuous observations and can intelligently assess the risk and handle the alert behavior. The foundation is laid for the development of the future microseismic monitoring technology to achieve the goal of developing cost-controllable, permanent, and real-time monitoring equipment. The application of the monitoring system in China has been effective, and this experience can contribute to the development of injection engineering in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding geological structures ahead of the tunnel face is important for safe and efficient construction of the urban tunnel. The surface-wave while tunneling (SWT) method, using drilling noise by shield machine as source, is expected to dynamically predict the adverse geologies in front of the tunnel face. Observation system and inversion method are keys for SWT. To improve the imaging accuracy of the geological conditions, it is urgent to optimize the observation system for data acquisition and inversion method for velocity inversion, especially for the utilization of multi-modes surface-waves. For observation system, several key parameters (minimum source-geophone distance, length and interval of survey line) are optimized to obtain sufficient information of dispersion curves. Then observation systems for source at different depth were optimized, supporting for geological detection using surface-waves generated by underground drilling noise. For velocity imaging, numerical simulations are studied to reveal the applicability of typical inversion methods for multi-modes of surface wave, and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is optimized for velocity inversion due to its advantages of stable calculation and good accuracy. On this basis, SWT was optimized both in data acquisition and velocity inversion for better understanding geological condition both in buried depth and detection distance. Then the improved method was applied in the Jinan tunnel and successfully detected a fault, providing geological information for construction safety and verifying the feasibility. • The key parameters of surface wave observation system are optimized. • The applicability of some inversion methods to the multi-mode information is studied • The observation system and inversion method of SWT are optimized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although pressure pipelines serve as a secure and energy-efficient means of transporting oil, gas, and chemicals, they are susceptible to fatigue cracks over extended periods of cyclic loading due to the challenging operational conditions. Their quality and efficiency directly affect the safe operation of the project. Therefore, a thorough and precise characterization approach towards pressure pipelines can proactively mitigate safety risks and yield substantial economic and societal benefits. At present, the current mainstream 2D ultrasound imaging technology faces challenges in fully visualizing the internal defects and topography of pressure pipelines. Reverse time migration (RTM), widely employed in geophysical exploration, has the capability to visualize intricate geological structures. In this paper, we introduced the RTM into the realm of ultrasonic non-destructive testing, and proposed a 3D ultrasonic RTM imaging method for internal defects and sensor settings of pressure pipelines. To accurately simulate the extrapolation of wave field in 3D pressure pipelines, we set the absorbing boundary and double free boundary in cylindrical coordinates. Subsequently, using the 3D ultrasonic RTM approach, we attained higher-precision 3D imaging of internal defects in the pressure pipelines through suppressing imaging artifacts. By comparing and analyzing the imaging results of different sensor settings, the design of the observation system is optimized to provide a basis for the imaging and interpretation of actual data. Both simulations and actual field data demonstrate that our approach delivers top-notch 3D imaging of pipeline defects (with an imaging range accuracy up to 97.85%). This method takes into consideration the complexities of multiple scattering and mode conversions occurring at the base of the defects as well as the optimal sensor settings.

To accurately detect fault by in-seam seismic survey, 10 typical observation system models, belonged to 3 categories of working face interior detection, exterior detection and others, have been built generally according to location, fault strike and detection objective. Moreover, working face interior detection is divided into 7 types according to fault location, fault throw, angle between fault strike and survey line. Afterwards exploration methods, layout of shot and geophones and data interpretation methods have been described. Furthermore, taking two typical fault detection projects as examples, the survey area conditions of working face roadway layout, coal thickness, coal seam occurrence and structural development are analyzed. According to the location and occurrence of faults to be detected, the observation system design was carried out in comparison with the observation system model. The reflection method exploration was carried out in the 11160 working face of Yunding Coal Mine, and the combined penetration and reflection method exploration was carried out in the 25050 working face of Guanyintang Coal Mine. The results of data interpretation and verification show that the results are consistent with those of exploration prediction.

CO2 geological storage projects are an essential tool for China to achieve the double carbon target of energy savings and emission reductions. In order to safely and effectively control the implementation of injection projects and monitor the dynamics of CO2 injection, multi-dimensional and multi-disciplinary monitoring tools are required. Among them, microseismic monitoring is a key technology for predicting reservoir dynamics and reflecting reservoir geomechanical behavior. Such monitoring has been carried out previously for reservoirs in other countries, but experimental projects are also gradually being developed in China. In this paper, we focus on the research and analysis results of microseismic monitoring of carbon storage projects in various work areas. For different reservoir conditions, we explore combinations of the monitoring implementation methods in China, comparing the differences in each work area. We propose a joint well and ground microseismic monitoring method and a multi-spatial and multi-physical field coupling research system for use in the implementation of domestic demo projects for the future research and development of microseismic monitoring of carbon storage projects. The monitoring program can meet the requirements for certain periodic repeated or continuous observations and can intelligently assess the risk and handle the alert behavior. The foundation is laid for the development of the future microseismic monitoring technology to achieve the goal of developing cost-controllable, permanent, and real-time monitoring equipment. The application of the monitoring system in China has been effective, and this experience can contribute to the development of injection engineering in the future.

This paper discusses the failure events and tracking analysis of water temperature observation system in Tianjin fluid network from four aspects of host failure，sensor failure，lightning protection system failure and power supply system failure，and puts forward standardized troubleshooting ideas and record processing methods. It can be used as a reference for other stations to track and analyze similar data.

The TreeNet research and monitoring network has been continuously collecting data from point dendrometers and air and soil microclimate using an automated system since 2011. The goal of TreeNet is to generate high temporal resolution datasets of tree growth and tree water dynamics for research and to provide near real-time indicators of forest growth performance and drought stress to a wide audience. This paper explains the key working steps from the installation of sensors in the field to data acquisition, data transmission, data processing, and online visualization. Moreover, we discuss the underlying premises to convert dynamic stem size changes into relevant biological information. Every 10 min, the stem radii of about 420 trees from 13 species at 61 sites in Switzerland are measured electronically with micrometer precision, in parallel with the environmental conditions above and below ground. The data are automatically transmitted, processed and stored on a central server. Automated data processing (R-based functions) includes screening of outliers, interpolation of data gaps, and extraction of radial stem growth and water deficit for each tree. These long-term data are used for scientific investigations as well as to calculate and display daily indicators of growth trends and drought levels in Switzerland based on historical and current data. The current collection of over 100 million data points forms the basis for identifying dynamics of tree-, site- and species-specific processes along environmental gradients. TreeNet is one of the few forest networks capable of tracking the diurnal and seasonal cycles of tree physiology in near real-time, covering a wide range of temperate forest species and their respective environmental conditions.

The west coast of South Korea is characterized by a wide macrotidal area with a maximum tidal range of ∼10 m. The sea surface elevation varies with the tidal phase, which leads to significant changes in the vertical structure of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the water column, especially when the interaction by waves and/or the freshwater and sediment input from the river increases. Under such conditions, it is difficult to carry out continuous and consistent measurements of the vertical structures of the water qualities using a conventional observation system that is fixed to the seabed or sea surface because the thickness of the water column constantly changes. Based on the demand for long-term observations of the vertical structures of the water properties in macrotidal environments, the Intelligent Buoy System (INBUS) was developed by the Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST). INBUS is a buoy equipped with an instrument frame, which is similar to other buoys that are fixed to the sea surface. During every measurement, INBUS detects the water depth and sends the frame down to the seabed to measure the water quality at every vertical level set up in the system. For example, if N levels are set in INBUS, the water depth of each measurement is divided by N layers and the instruments in the lifting frame measure the water properties of each of the N layers while they are descending to the bottom. Based on this procedure, the vertical structure of the water column is consistently measured in N layers regardless of changes of the water depth due to tides and waves. The lifting and measuring process is automatically controlled by INBUS once it is set up in the system. In addition, because INBUS allows bidirectional communication through code division multiple access (CDMA), the system can be controlled by stations on land. If the CDMA communication becomes inoperable owing to extreme wave conditions or the buoy is lost because of incidents such as a collision with a ship, the location of INBUS can be tracked by low-earth-orbit satellites.

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) systems have been demonstrated to generate power with high density. However, the electrical output power obtained from wave energy harvesting using TENG systems is typically limited to several milliwatts. To address this limitation and support various ocean buoy systems, an efficient method to scale-up TENG systems is required. In this paper, we present a self-powered ocean buoy (SPOB) incorporating a disk-type, soft-contact, mechanical frequency regulator TENG (DSMFR-TENG). The mechanical frequency regulator (MFR) enables the conversion of low-frequency wave energy to high-speed mechanical rotation, facilitating high power generation with the disk-type TENG. The SPOB was tested in a wave tank, reaching a peak power output of 470 mW and an average power output of 130 mW after the MFR released the rotational energy. To further enhance the functionality of the buoy, the DSMFR-TENG and a microcontroller, temperature sensor, and acoustic transmitter were integrated with the SPOB. The acoustic transmitter successfully transmitted signals 7, 23, and 30 times over a one-minute period at wave frequencies of 0.33 Hz, 0.5 Hz, and 1 Hz, respectively, thereby demonstrating the power supply capability of the TENG system for ocean buoys. [Display omitted] • A disk-type, soft-contact, mechanical frequency regulator TENG is designed to power ocean buoys. • A mechanical frequency regulator is designed to generate high-speed mechanical rotation using low frequency wave. • The TENG reached a peak and average power output of 470 and 130 mW after the MFR released the rotational energy. • The acoustic transmitter successfully sent signals 7 times over a one-minute period at a wave frequency of 0.33 Hz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of the work is caused by preservation of the existing building, which is in the zone of influence of new construction. After identification of engineering-geological processes affecting adversely the conditions of operation of the facility, and determination of parameters on which the development of such processes depend, there is a need to assess the level of risk. Recently, the correlation and regression analysis of data regime observations, based on the probability-statistical group of methods – naturally random nature of the development of processes in time and space, is the most frequently used one. The main aim of the research is the statistical analysis of the characteristics of building deformation values under the influence of new construction, finding and description of the relationship between sedimentary marks and deformation signs located on the buildings, evaluation of operation mode of elementary natural and technical systems in complex engineering-geological conditions, analysis of accumulated engineering-geological information on the object, including the results of pre-construction surveys. Methods: analysis of regime observations with the help of autocorrelation function, comparison of the results with the data of natural long-term observations, representation of the object of study in the form of a complex system consisting of a set of elements between which there are relations and interactions, establishment of a set of dangers, allocation of risk zones for a certain object in the form of possible losses in time, assessment of the vulnerability of affected objects from each of the identified processes, the forecast of the development of technopriodic hazards in space, deformation shooting. Results. One of the most important components of ensuring reliable and safe operation of any facility is a monitoring system. On the basis of the data obtained during the implementation of lithomonitoring, the system state is monitored by comparing the values of the observed indicators with the standard system of criteria; the management solutions are developed to optimize its operation. Analysis of all the collected materials, as well as the results of diagnostics of the lithotechnical system at the current time, allows identifying the paragenesis of engineering-geological processes that determine the possibility of developing extreme situations that pose a threat to the safe operation of the facility. It is advisable to build maps of the differences that reflect changes in the properties of the interaction of the technical object and the geological body and determine the direction of further development of the state of the system.

Forward prospecting to predict the location of high-risk geological zones during tunnel boring machine (TBM) tunneling is important for safe and efficient tunnel construction. Seismic forward-prospecting methods are sensitive to geological structures and have been widely used in areas with relatively well-developed structures, such as mountainous areas with active tectonics. The Gaoligongshan Tunnel in Yunnan, China, with an advance pilot tunnel, was chosen for this study. The advantages of seismic while tunneling and active source methods for different detection distances were investigated, and the methods were combined to determine the geological conditions. An excavate geological study of the tunnel had identified fractured zones ahead of the tunnel face. Our seismic prospecting results were basically consistent with this conclusion. On the basis of these data, the excavation rate was slowed and tunnel support was increased; excavation through the area was then able to proceed without incident. The presence of a pilot tunnel was found to create interference in the seismic signals. We modeled this effect with numerical simulations. On the basis of the results, we discuss appropriate observation systems for use in tunneling projects with pilot tunnels. We demonstrate that seismic signals received by geophones coupled to the wall further from the pilot tunnel reflected the geological conditions for both seismic while tunneling and active source methods. The seismic source should thus be placed on the tunnel wall further from the pilot tunnel to improve results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sun, J.; Yang, G., and He, X., 2019. Observation system of high voltage mutation for shipborne wireless radio frequency transceiver. In: Hoang, A.T. and Aqeel Ashraf, M. (eds.), Research, Monitoring, and Engineering of Coastal, Port, and Marine Systems. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 97, pp. 93–98. With the rapid development of wireless communication and microelectronic technology, automation and intellectualization have become the trend of application in computer science. Because of the bad sea environment and poor entry, the maritime wireless radio frequency transceiver is easy to fail. Through the implementation of state monitoring, the fault and hidden danger can be returned in time so as to avoid large loss. In view of the problems, the observation system of the high voltage mutation for shipborne wireless radio frequency transceivers is designed by using the high-performance single chip microcomputer as the controller. Its parent type observation terminal of the high voltage mutation consists of two sub sets and a mother aircraft, and the data of the transmission line are collected and analyzed in real time. The wireless radio frequency communication technology is used to realize communication and data transmission between modules. Using GPRS/GSM technology, the high voltage mutation information of the detection terminal is uploaded to the remote monitoring center, and the high voltage mutation can be sent to the maintenance personnel in the form of short messages in time to realize the online monitoring of the system and the judgment of high voltage mutation. The experimental results show that the designed system has better monitoring performance and higher accuracy. Its operation effect is also good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication represents the core of psychotherapy. The dynamic interaction between verbal and non-verbal components during patient-therapist exchanges, indeed, promotes the co-construction of meanings bringing about change within a process of reciprocal influence of participants. Our paper aims to illustrate the building of a new observational instrument of the therapeutic discourse, the Communicative Modes Analysis System in Psychotherapy (CMASP), and its reliability study from Mixed Methods framework. The CMASP is a single classification system analyzing the communication features within therapeutic exchanges. Born to overcome the limits of traditional psychotherapy research which considers verbal and non-verbal dimensions of communication as in polar opposition, the CMASP building was based on the performative function derived from the Speech Act Theory. We used this function as a comprehensive theorization to interpret the communication components in psychotherapy as an integrated and interacting system. In fact, the instrument detects and classifies, at the overall and dimension level, the verbal and extra-linguistic components of psychotherapeutic communication implemented by the therapist and patients in the form of communicative modes. From the observational methodology framework, it was built an instrument able to record and analyze verbal, vocal and interruption behaviors by combining elements of qualitative and quantitative research approaches. The sample consisted of 30 psychotherapy audio recordings and verbatim transcripts of psychotherapy sessions (for a total of 8327 speaking turns). Four main dimensions were elaborated (Verbal Mode-Structural Form, Verbal Mode-Communicative Intent, Vocal Mode, and Interruption Mode) according to the agency role of communication components. The instrument is a field format combined with category systems. For each dimension, we built a category system that is exhaustive and mutually exclusive. From all dimensions, we have a total of 33 categories. Intra-and inter-judge reliability among four independent judges was computed on a total of 503 speaking turns coded through Cohen’s κ and Krippendorff’s canonical agreement coefficients (Cc), respectively. The CMASP showed high intra-and inter-judge agreement at the global, dimensional, and categorical level providing researchers and professionals with a single and flexible classification system, able to give multiple and concurrent information about the psychotherapy process.

The feasibility of assembling and maintaining complex and expensive automatic equipment for navigation locks is considered. The hydraulic structures, including the hydraulic component of the locks, represent a stable system designed to function reliably for many decades. From the point of view of the present authors, a prediction of their state may be carried out by professional hydraulic engineers without the use of automatic equipment [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication represents the core of psychotherapy. The dynamic interaction between verbal and non-verbal components during patient-therapist exchanges, indeed, promotes the co-construction of meanings bringing about change within a process of reciprocal influence of participants. Our paper aims to illustrate the building of a new observational instrument of the therapeutic discourse, the Communicative Modes Analysis System in Psychotherapy (CMASP), and its reliability study from Mixed Methods framework. The CMASP is a single classification system analyzing the communication features within therapeutic exchanges. Born to overcome the limits of traditional psychotherapy research which considers verbal and non-verbal dimensions of communication as in polar opposition, the CMASP building was based on the performative function derived from the Speech Act Theory. We used this function as a comprehensive theorization to interpret the communication components in psychotherapy as an integrated and interacting system. In fact, the instrument detects and classifies, at the overall and dimension level, the verbal and extra-linguistic components of psychotherapeutic communication implemented by the therapist and patients in the form of communicative modes. From the observational methodology framework, it was built an instrument able to record and analyze verbal, vocal and interruption behaviors by combining elements of qualitative and quantitative research approaches. The sample consisted of 30 psychotherapy audio recordings and verbatim transcripts of psychotherapy sessions (for a total of 8327 speaking turns). Four main dimensions were elaborated (Verbal Mode-Structural Form, Verbal Mode-Communicative Intent, Vocal Mode, and Interruption Mode) according to the agency role of communication components. The instrument is a field format combined with category systems. For each dimension, we built a category system that is exhaustive and mutually exclusive. From all dimensions, we have a total of 33 categories. Intra-and inter-judge reliability among four independent judges was computed on a total of 503 speaking turns coded through Cohen's κ and Krippendorff's canonical agreement coefficients (Cc), respectively. The CMASP showed high intra-and inter-judge agreement at the global, dimensional, and categorical level providing researchers and professionals with a single and flexible classification system, able to give multiple and concurrent information about the psychotherapy process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CT Theory & Applications is the property of Editorial Department of CT Theory & Applications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Several recent, large-scale observations of naturally occurring classroom instruction have found consistent patterns in how teaching quality systematically varies across domains of instruction, patterns not found in student survey measures. Teaching quality is highest when examining aspects of classroom management; moderately high when examining aspects of student support; and low when focusing on the quality of the instructional support provided to students. This paper problematizes this interpretation, arguing that observed data patterns could result from dilemmas inherent in measuring teaching quality through observation. In problematizing these conclusions, we highlight the complexity of trying to measure instruction at scale, arguing for the need for caution and consideration of the complexity of measurement when interpreting scores from observation systems. • Several recent observational classroom studies characterized teaching quality. • The relative strengths of instruction were similar across these studies. • Similar patterns are not consistently found using other data sources. • Dilemmas in rubric design may cause the similar findings across these studies. • We discuss dilemmas and challenges in observationally measuring teaching quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boccia is a Paralympic sport for athletes with locomotor dysfunction. The aim of this observational methodology study was to describe the design of an ad hoc observation instrument for analyzing individual boccia in the BC3 category (for athletes with severe functional impairment) and to show how it can be used in a practical setting to analyze technical and tactical aspects of the game. The observation instrument was designed based on the internal logic and rules of boccia and was then loaded into the Lince software program to create a simple coding tool. The content of the instrument was validated by a panel of experts with extensive experience in Paralympic boccia. The reliability of the resulting data was confirmed by analysis of interobserver agreement, with high kappa values obtained for all criteria. The practical application of the observation system was demonstrated by performing T-pattern analysis of two sample datasets, which revealed underlying behavioral patterns for isolated throws (synchronic) and successive throws (diachronic). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]