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O dolo no plano da observação detém natureza psicológico-descritiva. Isto porque, ao tratar-se de casos de absoluta inconsciência psicológica (como no caso do sonambulismo), sequer pode-se verificar a existência de conduta, quanto menos, de conduta dolosa. No entanto, o dolo no plano da atribuição tem caráter, exclusivamente, normativo. Por isso, com viés axiológico no sentido de um juízo de valor normativo. Explicando-se, assim, o motivo pelo qual se atribui à conduta dolosa maior quantidade de pena em comparação às condutas culposas. Metodologicamente, o responsável por atribuir à conduta a característica do dolo não é o agente, mas aquele que observa a conduta. Portanto, para a atribuição do dolo, é necessário observar os conceitos que o envolvem (vontade e consciência) no plano normativo e não no psicológico. Em miúdos, a atribuição do dolo a uma conduta deve fundamentar-se no plano normativo.

This paper discuss an application of the GIS software to analysis the visual effect from specific observation points in the historic towns. The viewshed tool in GIS platforms, including ArcGIS and QGIS, are applied in order to generate observation points and viewshed maps. Dozens of key nodes are selected in Xinchang Ancient Town, such as the protected buildings, the historic bridges, and the historic street intersections, as the observation points of viewshed analysis. The result of the analysis is to generate the viewshed map from each observation point. Subsequently, the observation points are merged and the result of the viewshed analysis of the whole ancient town is created. Based on the viewshed analysis results, the characteristics of the visual effect in the town with gentle terrain and dense building is discussed. The features of the ancient town remind elements that need attention in conservation planning, and guides the building regulation within and outside the set boarder of the protected area.

—Variations in the vertical electric field and atmospheric current in the near-surface atmosphere, accompanying strong earthquakes, are analyzed. The analysis is based on the data of the Center for Geophysical Monitoring in Moscow (CGM) and Geophysical observatory “Mikhnevo” of the Sadovsky Institute of Geosphere Dynamics of Russian Academy of Sciences (IDG RAS). We considered seismic events that occurred when the electric field and atmospheric current were not disturbed by anthropogenic sources and natural impacts unrelated to earthquakes. It is noted that the earthquakes are accompanied by the increased local variations in the electric field in the period of arrival of seismic waves at the observation point and variations associated with the source region of the seismic event. In the latter case, the effect appears as a bay-like decrease and increase and as alternating variations in the vertical gradient of the electric potential. Simultaneously, the earthquakes are accompanied by the increased variations in the atmospheric current. For the first time it is shown that the main shock is accompanied by the increased variations in the electrical characteristics of the near-surface atmosphere at significant distances from the seismic source.

Purpose In this retrospective case series multicentric study, we assessed the efficiency and safety of micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (MP-TSCPC) among several types of advanced uncontrolled glaucoma cases. This study was intended to be a real-life study. Methods We treated 55 eyes with the Iridex Cyclo G6 device with the MP3 handpiece (IRIDEX Laser Systems) using a standardized protocol. Patients were followed up for a period of one year with an intention-to-treat protocol. Observation points are day 1, week 1, month 1, month 3, month 6, month 9 and year 1 after treatment. The primary outcome is a significant decrease in intra-ocular pressure (IOP) with a threshold of 20% reduction. The secondary outcomes are a reduction in the number of topical molecules needed to control glaucoma progression and the discontinuation of oral acetazolamide. Results We observed a significant IOP reduction at every observation point with a mean preoperative IOP of 24.19 mmHg (SEM: 0.96) and mean IOP at final follow-up was 19.50 mmHg (SEM: 1.20). At least 50% of patients reached the significant threshold of 20% IOP reduction at every observation point except for month 6 follow-up. No significant reduction was achieved in the number of topical medications necessary to control glaucoma progression. Mean number of topical medications used at final follow-up is 3.00 (SEM: 0.134). Mean number of topical molecules preoperatively was 3.08 (SEM: 0.138). The discontinuation of oral acetazolamide was obtained with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.003). Conclusion Thanks to the design of this study, we add some proofs about the efficiency and the safety of MP-TSCPC for the treatment of uncontrolled advanced glaucoma cases in a real-life practice.

In the Parker model of the heliospheric magnetic field, the ratio of the azimuthal field component $${{B}_{{{\varphi }}}}$$ to the radial component $${{B}_{r}}$$ depends only on the radial speed V of the solar wind and coordinates of the observation point ( $$r,\,\theta $$ ): $${{{{B}_{{{\varphi }}}}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{{B}_{{{\varphi }}}}} {{{B}_{r}}}}} \right. \kern-0em} {{{B}_{r}}}} = {{ - \omega r\sin \theta } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{ - \omega r\sin \theta } V}} \right. \kern-0em} V}$$ (at a distance from the Sun r > 1 AU). We checked this relationship near the ecliptic at radial distances up to 19 AU based on data from the spacecraft VOYAGER 1, VOYAGER 2 and ULYSSES and outside the ecliptic according to ULYSSES data. It is shown that the predictions of the Parker model are in good agreement with observations outside the sector zones in time periods close to the solar activity minima. Within the sector zones and during periods of maximal solar activity, there are significant discrepancies between the observational data and the predictions of this model.

In many respects, Italy – a founding member of the EU and once one of its most pro-European countries – may well represent today a privileged observation point for the study of the electoral behavi...

Shock wave pressure, high temperature flames, and toxic gases are among the factors that cause mine ventilation system failure following a gas explosion. Herein, we propose a Support Vector Regression (SVR)-based machine learning model to quickly determine the propagation of these disaster-causing hazards throughout the whole ventilation network. FLACS was used to simulate the explosions in a straight roadway with different spatial geometric parameters and gas explosion equivalents. Four SVR machine learning models were constructed by incorporating the roadway’s cross-sectional area, length of gas filling, gas concentration, and the distance between the observation point and the explosion source as inputs, while the shock wave pressure, flame temperature, time to the maximum temperature, and pressure served as outputs. The proposed model can quickly and accurately predict the propagation of disaster-causing hazards for a given explosion position and equivalent. As such, it plays a significant role in determining the ventilation system failure mode and aids decision makers and rescuers in developing a rescue and refuge plan.

Background To assess the therapeutic efficacy of transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI) combined with radio frequency (RF) for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Methods A total of 230 patients participated in the study: TFESI (Group T, n = 110), TFESI combined with RF (Group TR, n = 120). Visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI) and Global perceived effect (GPE) scale were measured pre-operation, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after the operation. Hospitalization time, treatment time, complications, and recurrence were compared between the two groups. Results The VAS and ODI at each observation point of the post-operation were significantly decreased compared with the pre-operation in both groups (P P > 0.05). However, The VAS and ODI scores in Group TR were significantly lower than that in Group T at 6, 12 and 24 months of the post-operation (P P P = 0.002). There was no significant difference in hospitalization time, complications, VAS and ODI score at the pre-operation between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion These findings suggest that TFESI combined with RF could effectively improve the pain and function, and had a long-term satisfactory effect for the treatment of LDH.

open access article This letter sets out to describe the first results of the design process that will lead to a new on-line partial discharge location method based on Electromagnetic Time Reversal theory and using the Transmission Line-Matrix method. A description of the basic steps of the method under design is given together with the modeling procedure used to describe time inverted signal propagation. Finally, the ability of the method to locate partial discharges on power cables both using two observation points and a single observation point is proved in simulation.

Completion of the transportation problems in the city of Pekanbaru currently only looked at in terms of congestion, but not touching insights from environmental aspects such as performance air pollution and noise levels. This research was conducted at the observation point road ahead Repair Tambusai lord Eastern Daihatshu, road Tuanku Tambusai West Side Mall SKA, North Soekarno Hatta street front retail outlets, street front Soekarno Hatta South Hotel Ibis Pekanbaru. V / C Ratio highest in the afternoon rush hour on the road ahead Tambusai lord Stations Daihatsu ie 0.86 pelyanan road performance E. Quality Standard ambient NOx emissions do not exceed the threshold of ambient quality standards, the NOx emission = 281.76 m g/m 3 . Quality Standard ambient CO emissions do not exceed the threshold of ambient quality standards, namely emission = 7456.79 m g/m 3 , the noise level over the limit of noise that is 71.41 dB (A). To balance the load reduction in pollutant emissions and noise levels at the flyover plan with the plan of special bus lane traffic volume assumptions have to move 25% of the transfer of the road users of private vehicles and motorbikes switch to using mass public transport vehicles ie Trans Metro bus Pekanbaru .

‘The Qur'an was sent down in seven readings. Each letter of the Qur'an has an exterior and an interior. Each letter has a limit and each limit has an observation point’. This statement, attributed to the Prophet Muḥammad, has drawn the attention of both classical and modern scholars. Medieval Muslim scholars presented a variety of understandings regarding this ḥadīth in accordance with their different approaches to Qur'anic exegesis. Ṣūfī commentators on the Qur'an used the ḥadīth to justify their idea that Qur'anic verses had multiple meanings, including levels of esoteric meaning. This study traces selected important interpretations of the ḥadīth proposed by medieval Ṣūfī and non-Ṣūfī Muslim scholars, in order to show how Ṣūfī exegesis of the Qur'an passed through several transformational phases. Whereas the early Ṣūfī commentators differentiated only between literal and esoteric meanings in their interpretive practice, and their understanding of the ḥadīth did not extend beyond the scope of Qur'anic exegesis, later Ṣūfīs, such as the Akbarī School, employed the ḥadīth when building their ontological, exegetical, and even epistemological, theories, and they developed a fourfold exegetical system based on the notions of the ḥadīth. This system reached its climax in Shams al-Dīn al-Fanārī (d. 834/1431), the first Ottoman shaykh al-Islām. In his commentary, he draws parallels among ontological levels of existence, ontological levels of the divine speech, multiple Qur'anic meanings, and a hierarchy of spiritualities. As a result, his exegesis of the Qur'an functions as an epistemological medium that connects spirituality to ontology in his scriptural hermeneutics.

Purpose This randomized, double-blind study evaluated the effectiveness and limitations of continuous serratus anterior plane block (cSAPB) by comparing the effect of cSAPB to patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) on postoperative acute pain after thoracoscopic surgery in adults. Patients and Methods Sixty-six patients who underwent elective video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) were randomly allocated to cSAPB or PCIA groups (n=33 per group) after surgery. For the cSAPB group, patients were treated by an initial does of 20 mL ropivacaine (0.375%), followed by continuous infusion at a rate of 5 mL/h of ropivacaine (0.2%) and a patient-controlled bolus of 5 mL ropivacaine (0.2%). PCIA started with an initial does of 0.03 µg/kg sufentanil, followed by a basal infusion of 0.03 µg/kg/h sufentanil and a patient-controlled bolus of 0.03 µg/kg sufentanil. Visual analog scale (VAS) and other items were examined postoperatively. The area under the curve of VAS-time (AUCVAS-time) at rest and on coughing in the first 24 hours postoperatively were primary outcomes. Results At the first 24 hours postoperatively, patients in the cSAPB group exhibited a smaller AUCVAS-time at rest (44.0±17.1 vs 68.9±11.8 cm·h, P

Basic quality indicators studied: acidity, peroxide, anisidine value and integrated value of complete fat oxidation. Butter paste was selected as a reference, consisting of butter, skim milk powder and fat-soluble emulsifiers. Peroxide value during storage at the temperature of (4 ±2 °С) for the first 4 days did not exceed 5.0 1/2 О mmol.kg-1, on the 15th day fat peroxide value of butter paste with milk-vegetable protein exceeded permissible limits that is indicative of milk fat contamination. At the temperature of (-3 ±1 °С) butter paste fat couldn't be qualified as fresh when storing during 15 days, peroxide value exceeds permissible limits on the 25th day of storage. Rising of the peroxide value above 5 1/2 О mmol.kg-1 was detected on the 25th day of storage, exceeding of threshold value was on the 45th day. It was established that rate of oxidation processes in butter pastes with vegetable protein is the highest among all studied samples in each particular control and observation point. It was determined that the rate of secondary lipid oxidation depends on the storage temperature and is observed when storing butter paste samples at a temperature of (-3 ±1 °С) on the 10th day, (-24 ±2 °С) – on the 30th day of storage. Acid value did not exceed recommended limits (2.5 °K) and was on average – 2.3 °K when storing butter paste during 10 days at a temperature of (4 ±2 °С); 2.1 °K during 20 days at the temperature of (-3 ±1 °С), 2.4 °K during 40 days at the temperature of (-24 ±2 °С). In view of obtained results of fat phase stability evaluation of studied butter pastes, the following storage maximum time is recommended: at the temperature of (4 ±2 °С) ‒ 7 days, at the temperature of (-3 ±1 °С) – 15 days, at the temperature of (-26 ±2 °С) ‒ 30 days.

This study aims to evaluate the process of environmental management and monitoring as a result of the development of the Kahayan Market, which actually has environmental documents. Aspects assessed include community perceptions, water quality and water biota (plankton), and the impact of the development of the Kahayan Market in Palangka Raya City in general. Based on the provisions, the implementation of environmental management and monitoring is carried out by the Palangka Raya City Public Works and Spatial Planning Agency as a joint Initiator with the Kahayan Market Manager/Government Market UPTD. These activities were not carried out, so there was no reporting and evaluation of management and monitoring. Laboratory analysis of physical parameters, namely suspended solids (TSS) at observation point A-2, shows that the water condition has passed the Class II water quality standard required by PP No. 82 of 2001, amounting to 50 mg/l. Analysis of chemical parameters shows that the water chemistry conditions have exceeded the Class II water quality standards required by PP No. 82 of 2001, namely BOD content of 3 mg/l; and COD content of 100 mg/l. Total Coliform at the A-1 observation point was 16,000 MPN/100 ml and at the A-2 point was 92,000 MPN/ml. Other chemical parameters such as Phosphate, and Ammonia content have also exceeded the established standard.

Heavy rainfall affects almost all spheres of human life and the economy, the intensity of this impact may depend on their type and quantity, duration and phase state, as well as geographical properties of the territory. In the paper determined the dynamics of severe precipitation (heavy and extreme rains and snowfalls) in the Transcarpathian region for 1990-2019. Information on severe precipitation was obtained from the observation points of the state hydrometeorological network of the Transcarpathian Regional Center for Hydrometeorology. Also included are data from the Pozhezhevska snow avalanche station (Ivano-Frankivsk region) as a representative observation point for the highland zone of the eastern part of the Transcarpathian region. Involvement of information from hydrological posts allowed to discover more cases of dangerous weather phenomena. The study revealed trends in the formation of heavy and extreme rains and snowfalls over the area with complex orography.