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Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and model systems exhibit consistent abnormalities in PUFA metabolism, including increased metabolism of linoleate to arachidonate. Recent studies have connected these abnormalities to increased expression and activity of the Δ6- and Δ5-desaturase enzymes. However, the mechanism connecting these changes to the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutations responsible for CF is unknown. This study tests the hypothesis that increased activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), previously described in CF bronchial epithelial cells, causes these changes in fatty acid metabolism by driving desaturase expression. Using CF bronchial epithelial cell culture models, we confirm elevated activity of AMPK in CF cells and show that it is due to increased phosphorylation of AMPK by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ). We also show that inhibition of AMPK or CaMKKβ reduces desaturase expression and reverses the metabolic alterations seen in CF cells. These results signify a novel AMPK-dependent mechanism linking the genetic defect in CF to alterations in PUFA metabolism.

This review addresses the diverse applications of multiphase flows, focusing on drilling, completions, and injection activities in the oil and gas industry. Identifying contemporary challenges and suggesting future research directions, it comprehensively reviews evolving applications in these multidisciplinary topics. In drilling, challenges such as gas kicks, cutting transport, and hole cleaning are explored. The application of immersion cooling technology in surface facilities for gas fields utilized in integrated bitcoin mining is also discussed. Nanotechnology, particularly the use of nanoparticles and nanofluids, shows promise in mitigating particulate flow issues and controlling macroscopic fluid behavior. Nanofluids find applications in drilling for formation strengthening and mitigating formation damage in completions as highlighted in this work, as well as in subsurface injection for enhanced oil recovery (EOR), waterflooding, reservoir mapping, and sequestration tracking. The review emphasizes the need for techno-economic analyses using multiphase flow models, particularly in scenarios involving fluid injection for energy storage. Addressing these multiphase flow challenges is crucial for the future of energy diversity and transition initiatives, offering benefits such as financial stability, resilience, sustainability, and reliable supply chains. In the first part of this review, we presented the application of multiphase (typical gas, liquid, solid) flow models and technology for drilling, completion, and injection operations. This second part of this review presents the applications of multiphase particulate (nanofluid) flow technology for drilling, completion, and injection operations. It aims to identify technology development needs related to multiphase flows, enhancing research endeavors for better cognition and mitigation of the identified issues. The use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), machine learning (ML), and system modeling for multiphase flow models is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review addresses the diverse applications of multiphase flows, focusing on drilling, completions, and injection activities in the oil and gas industry. Identifying contemporary challenges and suggesting future research directions, it comprehensively reviews evolving applications in these multidisciplinary topics. In drilling, challenges such as gas kicks, cutting transport, and hole cleaning are explored. The application of immersion cooling technology in surface facilities for gas fields utilized in integrated bitcoin mining is also discussed. Nanotechnology, particularly the use of nanoparticles and nanofluids, shows promise in mitigating particulate flow issues and controlling macroscopic fluid behavior. Nanofluids find applications in drilling for formation strengthening and mitigating formation damage in completions as highlighted in this work, as well as in subsurface injection for enhanced oil recovery (EOR), waterflooding, reservoir mapping, and sequestration tracking. The review emphasizes the need for techno-economic analyses using multiphase flow models, particularly in scenarios involving fluid injection for energy storage. Addressing these multiphase flow challenges is crucial for the future of energy diversity and transition initiatives, offering benefits such as financial stability, resilience, sustainability, and reliable supply chains. The first part of this review presents the application of multiphase (typical gas, liquid, solid) flow models and technology for drilling, completion, and injection operations. While the second part reviews the applications of multiphase particulate (nanofluid) flow technology, the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), machine learning (ML), and system modeling for multiphase flow models in drilling, completions, and injection operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to evaluate and present the scaling inhibiting compounds of aqueous and methanolic extracts obtained from cajanus cajan (c. cajan) and vigna subterranean (v.subterranea) shells collected from Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria using appropriate standard techniques. Quantitative phytochemical analysis (expressed in mg/100g) revealed the following secondary metabolites for C. cajan: flavonoids (2226.50± 47.35), phenolics (6294.65±117.35), saponins (2.53±0.15), alkaloids (587.42±42.3), steroids (0.77±0.02), terpenoids (989.87±26.72), and tannins (176.49±13.18). Similarly, V. subterranean exhibited; flavonoids (2226.50± 47.35), phenolics (6400.11±65.22), saponins (1.79±0.4), alkaloids (114.22±17.64), steroids (0.46± 0.06), terpenoids (308.94±10.22), and tannins (58.18±1.12). GC-MS analysis of both C. cajan and V. subterranean extracts revealed 14 peaks of different compounds which includes; phenol, methylphenol, dimethylphenol, 2-furaldehyde, 2-hydroxymethifuran, levoglucosan, 4-mehtylguaiacol, vinylphenol, 4-vinylguaiacol, eugenol, vanillin, isoeugenol, 4-allyl-2-6dimethoxphenol and dimethylbenzene. Additionally, FT-IR spectra identified functional groups such as OH (phenolics) at 3438 and 3430, CH2 stretching aliphatic at 2923 and 2884, and C=C unsaturated at 1635 and 1643, present in both extracts. The results from GC-MS, FT-IR, and phytochemical studies collectively suggest that these extracts contain environmentally friendly constituents, particularly higher concentrations of phenolic and foaming agents. This supports the potential of C. cajan and V. subterranean as candidates to be deployed as environmentally friendly scale inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytochemicals are naturally occurring compounds in plants that have been shown to possess various medicinal activities, making them of great interest for their potential health benefits. Hence, the objective of this paper was to investigate by quantifying the phytochemical constituents of ethanol leaf extract of yellow mombin fruit (Spondias Mombin) collected from Omoku, in Ogba/Ebgema/Ndoni Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria using appropriated standard methods. The data obtained show that the concentration flavonoid in the ethanol leaf extract of yellow mombin fruit (Spondias Mombin) was 144.34 mg/100g, while Alkaloid, Cyanogenic glycosides and Phenolic content were 169.42 mg/100g, 123.74 mg/100g and 218.06 mg/100g respectively. These results indicate that Spondias mombin leaves are rich in bioactive compounds, particularly phenols, which are known for their potent antioxidant properties. The significant presence of alkaloids suggests potential antimicrobial activity, while the flavonoids contribute to anti-inflammatory benefits. Cyanogenic glycosides, although present in lower concentration, necessitate careful consideration due to their potential toxicity. Overall, this quantitative analysis supports the traditional use of Spondias mombin in herbal medicine and underscores the need for further research to explore its full pharmacological potential and ensure safe usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study analysed climate change knowledge and capacity needs of rural women crop farmers in Southern Nigeria. Data was collected from 420 women farmers selected through a multi-stage sampling procedure using a questionnaire, interview schedule and key informant interviews. Descriptive statistics, Analysis of Variance and Ordered Probit Regression analysis were used to analyse the data collected. Knowledge of the management of resistant crop varieties (... = 3.48), use of improved farming technologies (... = 3.48) and access to credit facilities for adaptation purposes (... = 3.46) were the major areas of knowledge and capacity needs of the rural women farmers. Marital status, educational level, and access to credit influenced rural women farmers' knowledge and capacity needs. Results further showed a significant difference in the knowledge and capacity needs of rural women farmers across the six states of southern Nigeria used for the study. Climate change intervention programmes and policies in Nigeria need to take cognisance of some socioeconomic characteristics of rural women farmers that influenced their knowledge and capacity needs, as these could provide deeper insight into developing a more impactful intervention programme and policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence and reemergence of antibacterial resistance has made it more difficult for a choice of effective antibiotics that treat bacterial infections. Bacteria that are resistant to antimicrobial agents are usually spread from person to person, or from non-human sources in the environment. These non-human sources could aid in the spread of resistant genes as well as resistant pathogens. Systematic review was conducted in accordance to the guideline of PRISMA, 55 relevant literatures from the 152 searched were identified from PubMed, Google Scholar and AJOL using related specific search terms. Only studies carried out or related to Nigeria from January, 2000 to August, 2022. All data obtained from the reviewed articles were presented in percentages using MS Excel 2013. The most prevalent antibacterial genes were blaCTX-M-15 and blaTEM with the prevalence of 2.77%; sul1 and tetA with the prevalence rate of 2.31%; tetM with the prevalence rate of 2.08%; and blaCTX-M, blaSHV, mecA, sul2 and tetB having a prevalence of 1.85%. The sources from which these resistance genes were identified are humans (55.7%) and non-humans (44.3%). The most prevalent bacteria harboring these resistant genes were Escherichia coli (13.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (5.66%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.03%). Antibiotics resistance has continued to threaten the success of modern medicine, with more resistance strains emerging constantly. The wide distribution of antibacterial resistance genes in non-human sources makes them reservoirs of these resistant genes which have the potential of being transferred from commensal microorganisms to human pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study investigated effects of multi-sensory intervention programme on fluid reading abilities of dyslexic children in primary schools in Anambra State. Specifically, it determined; the mean pretest and posttest achievement of dyslexic children taught reading using LAPH Reading Intervention programme and those taught using the conventional reading method, the mean pretest and posttest achievement of male and female dyslexic children, and the interaction effect of gender and LAPH Reading Intervention programme on their reading achievement. Three null hypothesis were tested at (P≤ 0.05) level of significance. Quasi-experimental Design was adopted. The population of the study was 58,187 pupils from 2,877 public primary schools in Anambra State. Four intact classes were used with one sixty seven children (87 for experimental and 80 for control group). Instruments for data collection were two standardized tests (WIAT-III and WISC-V) and LAPH Reading Intervention Programme. The intervention programme was validated by three experts and in pilot studies. Data was analysed using mean, standard and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA).The findings of the study revealed that the two groups had almost the same pretest achievement baseline mean before the reading intervention strategy (Experimental 17.24 ± 5.08 and Control 16.83 ± 3.10), children in Experimental Group had higher mean gain (37.09 ± 4.99) than the control Group (28.64 ± 5.01). Female and male children in the experimental group achieved almost the same with little mean difference 0.82.The Intervention programme and gender have positive interaction in the children’s ability in Reading. In conclusion LAPH reading intervention programme improved dyslexic children’s reading ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In sustained and consistent efforts to improve food security, numerous and different methods are proposed and used in the production of food crops and farm produce to meet the demands of consumers. However, unregulated, and indiscriminate methods of production present another problem that may expose consumers of these food crops to potential health risks. Therefore, it is imperative that a thorough assessment of farm produce is carried out due to the growing trend of health-conscious consumers preference for minimally processed or raw farm produce. This study evaluated the safety and nutritional quality of food crops. The objectives were to compare the nutritional quality of organic and conventional food crops in one hand, and on the other to evaluate the safety of food crops with respect to trace metal pollutant and relevant public health pathogenic microorganism contamination. We conducted a broad systematic search of peer-reviewed published literatures from databases and search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web-of-Science. This study concluded that there is no conclusive evidence to support the notion of nutritional superiority of organic food crops over their inorganic counterparts and that there are documented health risks associated with food crops irrespective of the types of production systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]