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1. Broadband Parametric Amplification in DARTWARS

Author

Faverzani, M., Campana, P., Carobene, R., Gobbo, M., Ahrens, F., Avallone, G., Barone, C., Borghesi, M., Capelli, S., Carapella, G., Caricato, A. P., Callegaro, L., Carusotto, I., Celotto, A., Cian, A., D’Elia, A., Di Gioacchino, D., Enrico, E., Falferi, P., Fasolo, L., Ferri, E., Filatrella, G., Gatti, C., Giubertoni, D., Granata, V., Guarcello, C., Irace, A., Labranca, D., Leo, A., Ligi, C., Maccarrone, G., Mantegazzini, F., Margesin, B., Maruccio, G., Mezzena, R., Monteduro, A. G., Moretti, R., Nucciotti, A., Oberto, L., Origo, L., Pagano, S., Piedjou Komnang, A. S., Piersanti, L., Rettaroli, A., Rizzato, S., Tocci, S., Vinante, A., Zannoni, M., and Giachero, A.

Published
2024
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2. Progress in the development of a KITWPA for the DARTWARS project

Author

Borghesi, M., Barone, C., Capelli, S., Carapella, G., Caricato, A. P., Carusotto, I., Cian, A., Di Gioacchino, D., Enrico, E., Falferi, P., Fasolo, L., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Filatrella, G., Gatti, C., Giachero, A., Giubertoni, D., Granata, V., Greco, A., Guarcello, C., Labranca, D., Leo, A., Ligi, C., Maccarrone, G., Mantegazzini, F., Margesin, B., Maruccio, G., Mauro, C., Mezzena, R., Monteduro, A. G., Nucciotti, A., Oberto, L., Origo, L., Pagano, S., Pierro, V., Piersanti, L., Rajteri, M., Rettaroli, A., Rizzato, S., Vinante, A., and Zannoni, M.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

DARTWARS (Detector Array Readout with Traveling Wave AmplifieRS) is a three years project that aims to develop high-performing innovative Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifiers (TWPAs) for low temperature detectors and qubit readout (C-band). The practical development follows two different promising approaches, one based on the Josephson junctions (TWJPA) and the other one based on the kinetic inductance of a high-resistivity superconductor (KITWPA). This paper presents the advancements made by the DARTWARS collaboration to produce a first working prototype of a KITWPA., Comment: 3 pages, 4 figures. Proceeding of Pisa15th Meeting conference

Published
2022
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3. Ultra low noise readout with travelling wave parametric amplifiers: the DARTWARS project

Author

Rettaroli, A., Barone, C., Borghesi, M., Capelli, S., Carapella, G., Caricato, A. P., Carusotto, I., Cian, A., Di Gioacchino, D., Enrico, E., Falferi, P., Fasolo, L., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Filatrella, G., Gatti, C., Giachero, A., Giubertoni, D., Granata, V., Greco, A., Guarcello, C., Labranca, D., Leo, A., Ligi, C., Maccarrone, G., Mantegazzini, F., Margesin, B., Maruccio, G., Mauro, C., Mezzena, R., Monteduro, A. G., Nucciotti, A., Oberto, L., Origo, L., Pagano, S., Pierro, V., Piersanti, L., Rajteri, M., Rizzato, S., Vinante, A., and Zannoni, M.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

The DARTWARS project has the goal of developing high-performing innovative travelling wave parametric amplifiers with high gain, large bandwidth, high saturation power, and nearly quantum-limited noise. The target frequency region for its applications is 5 - 10 GHz, with an expected noise temperature of about 600 mK. The development follows two different approaches, one based on Josephson junctions and one based on kinetic inductance of superconductors. This contribution mainly focuses on the Josephson travelling wave parametric amplifier, presenting its design, preliminary measurements and the test of homogeneity of arrays of Josephson junctions., Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures. Proceeding of Pisa15th Meeting conference. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2111.03409

Published
2022
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4. Detector Array Readout with Traveling Wave Amplifiers

Author

Giachero, A., Barone, C., Borghesi, M., Carapella, G., Caricato, A. P., Carusotto, I., Chang, W., Cian, A., Di Gioacchino, D., Enrico, E., Falferi, P., Fasolo, L., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Filatrella, G., Gatti, C., Giubertoni, D., Greco, A., Kutlu, C., Leo, A., Ligi, C., Maccarrone, G., Margesin, B., Maruccio, G., Matlashov, A., Mauro, C., Mezzena, R., Monteduro, A. G., Nucciotti, A., Oberto, L., Pagano, S., Pierro, V., Piersanti, L., Rajteri, M., Rizzato, S., Semertzidis, Y. K., Uchaikin, S., and Vinante, A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Quantum Physics
Abstract

Noise at the quantum limit over a large bandwidth is a fundamental requirement for future applications operating at millikelvin temperatures, such as the neutrino mass measurement, the next-generation x-ray observatory, the CMB measurement, the dark matter and axion detection, and the rapid high-fidelity readout of superconducting qubits. The read out sensitivity of arrays of microcalorimeter detectors, resonant axion-detectors, and qubits, is currently limited by the noise temperature and bandwidth of the cryogenic amplifiers. The DARTWARS (Detector Array Readout with Traveling Wave AmplifieRS) project has the goal of developing high-performing innovative traveling wave parametric amplifiers (TWPAs) with a high gain, a high saturation power, and a quantum-limited or nearly quantum-limited noise. The practical development follows two different promising approaches, one based on the Josephson junctions and the other one based on the kinetic inductance of a high-resistivity superconductor. In this contribution we present the aims of the project, the adopted design solutions and preliminary results from simulations and measurements.

Published
2021
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5. Bimodal Approach for Noise Figures of Merit Evaluation in Quantum-Limited Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifiers

Author

Fasolo, L., Barone, C., Borghesi, M., Carapella, G., Caricato, A. P., Carusotto, I., Chung, W., Cian, A., Di Gioacchino, D., Enrico, E., Falferi, P., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Filatrella, G., Gatti, C., Giachero, A., Giubertoni, D., Greco, A., Kutlu, C., Leo, A., Ligi, C., Livreri, P., Maccarrone, G., Margesin, B., Maruccio, G., Matlashov, A., Mauro, C., Mezzena, R., Monteduro, A. G., Nucciotti, A., Oberto, L., Pagano, S., Pierro, V., Piersanti, L., Rajteri, M., Rettaroli, A., Rizzato, S., Semertzidis, Y. K., Uchaikin, U., and Vinante, A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

The advent of ultra-low noise microwave amplifiers revolutionized several research fields demanding quantum-limited technologies. Exploiting a theoretical bimodal description of a linear phase-preserving amplifier, in this contribution we analyze some of the intrinsic properties of a model architecture (i.e., an rf-SQUID based Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifier) in terms of amplification and noise generation for key case study input states (Fock and coherents). Furthermore, we present an analysis of the output signals generated by the parametric amplification mechanism when thermal noise fluctuations feed the device., Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures

Published
2021
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6. Development of a Josephson junction based single photon microwave detector for axion detection experiments

Author

Alesini, D, Babusci, D, Barone, C, Buonomo, B, Beretta, M M, Bianchini, L, Castellano, G, Chiarello, F, Di Gioacchino, D, Falferi, P, Felici, G, Filatrella, G, Foggetta, L G, Gallo, A, Gatti, C, Giazotto, F, Lamanna, G, Ligabue, F, Ligato, N, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Margesin, B, Mattioli, F, Monticone, E, Oberto, L, Pagano, S, Paolucci, F, Rajteri, M, Rettaroli, A, Rolandi, L, Spagnolo, P, Toncelli, A, and Torrioli, G

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Josephson junctions, in appropriate configurations, can be excellent candidates for detection of single photons in the microwave frequency band. Such possibility has been recently addressed in the framework of galactic axion detection. Here are reported recent developments in the modelling and simulation of dynamic behaviour of a Josephson junction single microwave photon detector. For a Josephson junction to be enough sensitive, small critical currents and operating temperatures of the order of ten of mK are necessary. Thermal and quantum tunnelling out of the zero-voltage state can also mask the detection process. Axion detection would require dark count rates in the order of 0.001 Hz. It is, therefore, is of paramount importance to identify proper device fabrication parameters and junction operation point., Comment: 7 pages, 9 figures

Published
2021
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7. Thermoelectric Sensors as Microcalorimeter Load

Author

Brunetti, L., Oberto, L., and Vremera, E.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

Thermoelectric power sensors can now be used as transfer standards, instead of bolometers, in the microcalorimeter technique. This alternative has the technical advantages to be less sensitive to absolute temperature and not downward frequency limited. At INRiM the high frequency power standards are now based on coaxial thermocouples from dc to 34 GHz. Modified commercial thermocouple mounts in 7 mm and 3.5 mm coaxial line are used to realize the national power standard with an accuracy ranging from 0.03 % to 1 % in the mentioned frequency range., Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures

Published
2021
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8. On Coaxial Microcalorimeter Calibration

Author

Brunetti, L. and Oberto, L.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

Primary power standards in the microwave domain are realized using a calorimetric technique, usually identified with the used measurement system, i.e., the microcalorimeter. It is adjusted for measurement of power ratios with a relative accuracy that, after an appropriate system calibration, is of order of 10^-3, at least in the microwave domain (1 GHz-18 GHz). Hereby we describe the calibration process implemented at the Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (Italy) for realizing a coaxial power standard based on indirect heating thermocouples. Particular regard is devoted to describe the nearly ideal thermal load used for determining the microcalorimeter losses and their influence on the measurand accuracy., Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures

Published
2021
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9. Comparison Among Coaxial Microcalorimeter Models

Author

Brunetti, L., Oberto, L., Sellone, M., and Vremera, E.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

Thermoelectric power sensors used as power transfer standards are promising devices for further enhancements of the microcalorimetric technique in the high frequency field. A coaxial microcalorimeter has been studied, based on thermoelectric power sensors, at Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM). In the literature, several models have been proposed, considering different calibration processes and error sources. Hereby we analyze these models in terms of total uncertainty for the 3.5 mm coaxial line case between 10 MHz and 26.5 GHz. Merits and limits of the models are highlighted., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, 1 table

Published
2021
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10. On the Influence of Delay Line Uncertainty in THz Time-Domain Spectroscopy

Author

Jahn, D., Lippert, S., Bisi, M., Oberto, L., Balzer, J. C., and Koch, M.

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Physics - Applied Physics, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz TDS) is a well-known tool for material analysis in the terahertz frequency band. One crucial system component in every time-domain spectrometer is the delay line which is necessary to accomplish the sampling of the electric field over time. Despite the fact that most of the uncertainty sources in TDS have been discussed, the delay line uncertainty has not been considered in detail. We model the impact of delay line uncertainty on the acquired THz TDS data. Interferometric measurements of the delay line precision and THz time-domain data are used to validate the theoretical model., Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures

Published
2021
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11. Measurement comparison among Time-Domain, FTIR and VNA-based spectrometers in the THz frequency range

Author

Oberto, L., Bisi, M., Kazemipour, A., Steiger, A., Kleine-Ostmann, T., and Schrader, T.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics - Applied Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

In this paper we present the outcome of the first international comparison in the terahertz frequency range among three different kinds of spectrometers. A Fourier-Transform infrared spectrometer, a Vector Network Analyzer and a Time-Domain Spectrometer have been employed for measuring the complex refractive index of three travelling standards made of selected dielectric materials in order to offer a wide enough range of parameters to be measured. The three spectrometers have been compared in terms of measurement capability and uncertainty., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, 8 tables

Published
2021
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12. Development of KI-TWPAs for the DARTWARS project

Author

Ahrens, F, Ferri, E, Avallone, G, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Callegaro, L, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, D'Elia, A, Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Faverzani, M, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Guarcello, C, Labranca, D, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Moretti, R, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Piedjou, A, Piersanti, L, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Tocci, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Ahrens F., Ferri E., Avallone G., Barone C., Borghesi M., Callegaro L., Carapella G., Caricato A. P., Carusotto I., Cian A., D'Elia A., Gioacchino D. D., Enrico E., Falferi P., Fasolo L., Faverzani M., Filatrella G., Gatti C., Giachero A., Giubertoni D., Granata V., Guarcello C., Labranca D., Leo A., Ligi C., Maccarrone G., Mantegazzini F., Margesin B., Maruccio G., Mezzena R., Monteduro A. G., Moretti R., Nucciotti A., Oberto L., Origo L., Pagano S., Piedjou A. S., Piersanti L., Rettaroli A., Rizzato S., Tocci S., Vinante A., Zannoni M., Ahrens, F, Ferri, E, Avallone, G, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Callegaro, L, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, D'Elia, A, Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Faverzani, M, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Guarcello, C, Labranca, D, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Moretti, R, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Piedjou, A, Piersanti, L, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Tocci, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Ahrens F., Ferri E., Avallone G., Barone C., Borghesi M., Callegaro L., Carapella G., Caricato A. P., Carusotto I., Cian A., D'Elia A., Gioacchino D. D., Enrico E., Falferi P., Fasolo L., Faverzani M., Filatrella G., Gatti C., Giachero A., Giubertoni D., Granata V., Guarcello C., Labranca D., Leo A., Ligi C., Maccarrone G., Mantegazzini F., Margesin B., Maruccio G., Mezzena R., Monteduro A. G., Moretti R., Nucciotti A., Oberto L., Origo L., Pagano S., Piedjou A. S., Piersanti L., Rettaroli A., Rizzato S., Tocci S., Vinante A., and Zannoni M.

Abstract

Noise at the quantum limit over a broad bandwidth is a fundamental requirement for future cryogenic experiments for neutrino mass measurements, dark matter searches and Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) measurements as well as for fast high-fidelity read-out of superconducting qubits. In the last years, Josephson Parametric Amplifiers (JPA) have demonstrated noise levels close to the quantum limit, but due to their narrow bandwidth, only few detectors or qubits per line can be read out in parallel. An alternative and innovative solution is based on superconducting parametric amplification exploiting the travelling-wave concept. Within the DARTWARS (Detector Array Readout with Travelling Wave AmplifieRS) project, we develop Kinetic Inductance Travelling-Wave Parametric Amplifiers (KI-TWPAs) for low temperature detectors and qubit read-out. KI-TWPAs are typically operated in a threewave mixing (3WM) mode and are characterised by a high gain, a high saturation power, a large amplification bandwidth and nearly quantum limited noise performance. The goal of the DARTWARS project is to optimise the KI-TWPA design, explore new materials, and investigate alternative fabrication processes in order to enhance the overall performance of the amplifier. In this contribution we present the advancements made by the DARTWARS collaboration to produce a working prototype of a KI-TWPA, from the fabrication to the characterisation.

Published
2024

13. Experimental Characterization of RF-SQUIDs Based Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifier Exploiting Resonant Phase Matching Scheme

Author

Fasolo, L, Ahrens, F, Avallone, G, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Callegaro, L, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, D'Elia, A, Gioacchino, D, Falferi, P, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Guarcello, C, Labranca, D, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Livreri, P, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Moretti, R, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Piedjou, A, Piersanti, L, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Tocci, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Giachero, A, Enrico, E, Fasolo, L., Ahrens, F., Avallone, G., Barone, C., Borghesi, M., Callegaro, L., Carapella, G., Caricato, A. P., Carusotto, I., Cian, A., D'Elia, A., Gioacchino, D. Di, Falferi, P., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Filatrella, G., Gatti, C., Giubertoni, D., Granata, V., Guarcello, C., Labranca, D., Leo, A., Ligi, C., Livreri, P., Maccarrone, G., Mantegazzini, F., Margesin, B., Maruccio, G., Mezzena, R., Monteduro, A. G., Moretti, R., Nucciotti, A., Oberto, L., Origo, L., Pagano, S., Piedjou, A. S., Piersanti, L., Rettaroli, A., Rizzato, S., Tocci, S., Vinante, A., Zannoni, M., Giachero, A., Enrico, E., Fasolo, L, Ahrens, F, Avallone, G, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Callegaro, L, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, D'Elia, A, Gioacchino, D, Falferi, P, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Guarcello, C, Labranca, D, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Livreri, P, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Moretti, R, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Piedjou, A, Piersanti, L, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Tocci, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Giachero, A, Enrico, E, Fasolo, L., Ahrens, F., Avallone, G., Barone, C., Borghesi, M., Callegaro, L., Carapella, G., Caricato, A. P., Carusotto, I., Cian, A., D'Elia, A., Gioacchino, D. Di, Falferi, P., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Filatrella, G., Gatti, C., Giubertoni, D., Granata, V., Guarcello, C., Labranca, D., Leo, A., Ligi, C., Livreri, P., Maccarrone, G., Mantegazzini, F., Margesin, B., Maruccio, G., Mezzena, R., Monteduro, A. G., Moretti, R., Nucciotti, A., Oberto, L., Origo, L., Pagano, S., Piedjou, A. S., Piersanti, L., Rettaroli, A., Rizzato, S., Tocci, S., Vinante, A., Zannoni, M., Giachero, A., and Enrico, E.

Abstract

This study presents recent advancements in Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifiers (JTWPAs) developed and tested at INRiM within the DARTWARS project framework. Combining Josephson junctions with superconducting coplanar waveguides, JTWPAs offer advanced capabilities for quantum-limited broadband microwave amplification and the emission of non-classical microwave radiation. The work delves into the architecture, optimization, and experimental characterization of a JTWPA with a Resonant Phase-Matching mechanism, highlighting signal gains and idler conversion factors in relation to pump power and signal frequency.

Published
2024

14. Broadband Parametric Amplification in DARTWARS

Author

Faverzani, M, Campana, P, Carobene, R, Gobbo, M, Ahrens, F, Avallone, G, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Capelli, S, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Callegaro, L, Carusotto, I, Celotto, A, Cian, A, D’Elia, A, Di Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Guarcello, C, Irace, A, Labranca, D, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Moretti, R, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Piedjou Komnang, A, Piersanti, L, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Tocci, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Giachero, A, Faverzani, M., Campana, P., Carobene, R., Gobbo, M., Ahrens, F., Avallone, G., Barone, C., Borghesi, M., Capelli, S., Carapella, G., Caricato, A. P., Callegaro, L., Carusotto, I., Celotto, A., Cian, A., D’Elia, A., Di Gioacchino, D., Enrico, E., Falferi, P., Fasolo, L., Ferri, E., Filatrella, G., Gatti, C., Giubertoni, D., Granata, V., Guarcello, C., Irace, A., Labranca, D., Leo, A., Ligi, C., Maccarrone, G., Mantegazzini, F., Margesin, B., Maruccio, G., Mezzena, R., Monteduro, A. G., Moretti, R., Nucciotti, A., Oberto, L., Origo, L., Pagano, S., Piedjou Komnang, A. S., Piersanti, L., Rettaroli, A., Rizzato, S., Tocci, S., Vinante, A., Zannoni, M., Giachero, A., Faverzani, M, Campana, P, Carobene, R, Gobbo, M, Ahrens, F, Avallone, G, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Capelli, S, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Callegaro, L, Carusotto, I, Celotto, A, Cian, A, D’Elia, A, Di Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Guarcello, C, Irace, A, Labranca, D, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Moretti, R, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Piedjou Komnang, A, Piersanti, L, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Tocci, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Giachero, A, Faverzani, M., Campana, P., Carobene, R., Gobbo, M., Ahrens, F., Avallone, G., Barone, C., Borghesi, M., Capelli, S., Carapella, G., Caricato, A. P., Callegaro, L., Carusotto, I., Celotto, A., Cian, A., D’Elia, A., Di Gioacchino, D., Enrico, E., Falferi, P., Fasolo, L., Ferri, E., Filatrella, G., Gatti, C., Giubertoni, D., Granata, V., Guarcello, C., Irace, A., Labranca, D., Leo, A., Ligi, C., Maccarrone, G., Mantegazzini, F., Margesin, B., Maruccio, G., Mezzena, R., Monteduro, A. G., Moretti, R., Nucciotti, A., Oberto, L., Origo, L., Pagano, S., Piedjou Komnang, A. S., Piersanti, L., Rettaroli, A., Rizzato, S., Tocci, S., Vinante, A., Zannoni, M., and Giachero, A.

Abstract

Superconducting parametric amplifiers offer the capability to amplify feeble signals with extremely low levels of added noise, potentially reaching quantum-limited amplification. This characteristic makes them essential components in the realm of high-fidelity quantum computing and serves to propel advancements in the field of quantum sensing. In particular, Traveling-Wave Parametric Amplifiers (TWPAs) may be especially suitable for practical applications due to their multi-Gigahertz amplification bandwidth, a feature lacking in Josephson Parametric Amplifiers (JPAs), despite the latter being a more established technology. This paper presents recent developments of the DARTWARS (Detector Array Readout with Traveling Wave AmplifieRS) project, focusing on the latest prototypes of Kinetic Inductance TWPAs (KITWPAs). The project aims to develop a KITWPA capable of achieving 20 dB of amplification. To enhance the production yield, the first prototypes were fabricated with half the length and expected gain of the final device. In this paper, we present the results of the characterization of one of the half-length prototypes. The measurements revealed an average amplification of approximately 9 dB across a 2 GHz bandwidth for a KITWPA spanning 17 mm in length.

Published
2024

15. Nonlinear Behavior of Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifiers

Author

Guarcello, C, Ahrens, F, Avallone, G, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Callegaro, L, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, D'Elia, A, Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Leo, A, Labranca, D, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Moretti, R, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Komnang, A, Pagano, S, Piersanti, L, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Tocci, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Guarcello, Claudio, Ahrens, Felix, Avallone, Guerino, Barone, Carlo, Borghesi, Matteo, Callegaro, Luca, Carapella, Giovanni, Caricato, Anna Paola, Carusotto, Iacopo, Cian, Alessandro, D'Elia, Alessandro, Gioacchino, Daniele Di, Enrico, Emanuele, Falferi, Paolo, Fasolo, Luca, Faverzani, Marco, Ferri, Elena, Filatrella, Giovanni, Gatti, Claudio, Giachero, Andrea, Giubertoni, Damiano, Granata, Veronica, Leo, Angelo, Labranca, Danilo, Ligi, Carlo, Maccarrone, Giovanni, Mantegazzini, Federica, Margesin, Benno, Maruccio, Giuseppe, Mezzena, Renato, Monteduro, Anna Grazia, Moretti, Roberto, Nucciotti, Angelo, Oberto, Luca, Origo, Luca, Komnang, Alex Stephane Piedjou, Pagano, Sergio, Piersanti, Luca, Rettaroli, Alessio, Rizzato, Silvia, Tocci, Simone, Vinante, Andrea, Zannoni, Mario, Guarcello, C, Ahrens, F, Avallone, G, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Callegaro, L, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, D'Elia, A, Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Leo, A, Labranca, D, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Moretti, R, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Komnang, A, Pagano, S, Piersanti, L, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Tocci, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Guarcello, Claudio, Ahrens, Felix, Avallone, Guerino, Barone, Carlo, Borghesi, Matteo, Callegaro, Luca, Carapella, Giovanni, Caricato, Anna Paola, Carusotto, Iacopo, Cian, Alessandro, D'Elia, Alessandro, Gioacchino, Daniele Di, Enrico, Emanuele, Falferi, Paolo, Fasolo, Luca, Faverzani, Marco, Ferri, Elena, Filatrella, Giovanni, Gatti, Claudio, Giachero, Andrea, Giubertoni, Damiano, Granata, Veronica, Leo, Angelo, Labranca, Danilo, Ligi, Carlo, Maccarrone, Giovanni, Mantegazzini, Federica, Margesin, Benno, Maruccio, Giuseppe, Mezzena, Renato, Monteduro, Anna Grazia, Moretti, Roberto, Nucciotti, Angelo, Oberto, Luca, Origo, Luca, Komnang, Alex Stephane Piedjou, Pagano, Sergio, Piersanti, Luca, Rettaroli, Alessio, Rizzato, Silvia, Tocci, Simone, Vinante, Andrea, and Zannoni, Mario

Abstract

Recent advancements in quantum technologies and advanced detection experiments have underscored the pressing need for the detection of exceedingly weak signals within the microwave frequency spectrum. Addressing this challenge, the Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifier (JTWPA) has been proposed as a cryogenic front-end amplifier capable of approaching the quantum noise limit while providing a relevant bandwidth. This research is centered on a comprehensive numerical investigation of the JTWPA, without resorting to simplifications regarding the nonlinearity of the essential components. Specifically, this study focuses on a thorough examination of the system, characterized by coupled nonlinear differential equations representing all components of the device. Proper input and output signals at the device's boundaries are considered. The analysis of the output signals undergoing the parametric amplification process involves a detailed exploration of phase-space dynamics and Fourier spectral analysis of the output voltage. This study is conducted while considering the parameters ruling the response of the device under pump and signal excitations. In addition to the expected signal amplification, the findings reveal that the nonlinear nature of the system can give rise to unforeseen phenomena, depending on the system's operational conditions, which include: the generation of pump tone harmonics, modulation of the signal gain, and incommensurate frequency generation—effects that are not easily accommodated by simplistic linearized approaches. IEEE

Published
2024

16. Status of the SIMP Project: Toward the Single Microwave Photon Detection

Author

Alesini, D., Babusci, D., Barone, C., Buonomo, B., Beretta, M. M., Bianchini, L., Castellano, G., Chiarello, F., Di Gioacchino, D., Falferi, P., Felici, G., Filatrella, G., Foggetta, L. G., Gallo, A., Gatti, C., Giazotto, F., Lamanna, G., Ligabue, F., Ligato, N., Ligi, C., Maccarrone, G., Margesin, B., Mattioli, F., Monticone, E., Oberto, L., Pagano, S., Paolucci, F., Rajteri, M., Rettaroli, A., Rolandi, L., Spagnolo, P., Toncelli, A., and Torrioli, G.

Published
2020
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17. Realization and preliminary measurements on a 94 GHz SIS mixer

Author

Oberto, L., De Leo, N., Fretto, M., Tartari, A., Brunetti, L., and Lacquaniti, V.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Applied Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

In this paper we present the realization and a preliminary characterization of a SIS based receiver. It has been developed for the MASTER experiment that consists in a three-band SIS receiver (94, 225 and 345 GHz) for astrophysical observations through the atmospheric windows available at high altitude dry sites. The measurements performed establish an upper limit to the overall receiver noise temperature. A comparison has been tried with the MASTER requirements and with state of the art results. A noise figure of 110 K has been obtained at 94 GHz, about 22 times the quantum limit., Comment: Version accepted for publication on Journal of Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves, 6 pages, 6 figures, 1 table

Published
2010
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18. Progress in the development of a KITWPA for the DARTWARS project

Author

Borghesi, M, Barone, C, Capelli, S, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, Di Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Greco, A, Guarcello, C, Labranca, D, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mauro, C, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Pierro, V, Piersanti, L, Rajteri, M, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Borghesi M., Barone C., Capelli S., Carapella G., Caricato A. P., Carusotto I., Cian A., Di Gioacchino D., Enrico E., Falferi P., Fasolo L., Faverzani M., Ferri E., Filatrella G., Gatti C., Giachero A., Giubertoni D., Granata V., Greco A., Guarcello C., Labranca D., Leo A., Ligi C., Maccarrone G., Mantegazzini F., Margesin B., Maruccio G., Mauro C., Mezzena R., Monteduro A. G., Nucciotti A., Oberto L., Origo L., Pagano S., Pierro V., Piersanti L., Rajteri M., Rettaroli A., Rizzato S., Vinante A., Zannoni M., Borghesi, M, Barone, C, Capelli, S, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, Di Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Greco, A, Guarcello, C, Labranca, D, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mauro, C, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Pierro, V, Piersanti, L, Rajteri, M, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Borghesi M., Barone C., Capelli S., Carapella G., Caricato A. P., Carusotto I., Cian A., Di Gioacchino D., Enrico E., Falferi P., Fasolo L., Faverzani M., Ferri E., Filatrella G., Gatti C., Giachero A., Giubertoni D., Granata V., Greco A., Guarcello C., Labranca D., Leo A., Ligi C., Maccarrone G., Mantegazzini F., Margesin B., Maruccio G., Mauro C., Mezzena R., Monteduro A. G., Nucciotti A., Oberto L., Origo L., Pagano S., Pierro V., Piersanti L., Rajteri M., Rettaroli A., Rizzato S., Vinante A., and Zannoni M.

Abstract

DARTWARS (Detector Array Readout with Traveling Wave AmplifieRS) is a three years project that aims to develop high-performing innovative Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifiers (TWPAs) for low temperature detectors and qubit readout (C-band). The practical development follows two different promising approaches, one based on the Josephson junctions (TWJPA) and the other one based on the kinetic inductance of a high-resistivity superconductor (KITWPA). This paper presents the advancements made by the DARTWARS collaboration to produce a first working prototype of a KITWPA.

Published
2023

19. Ultra low noise readout with traveling wave parametric amplifiers: The DARTWARS project

Author

Rettaroli, A, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Capelli, S, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, Di Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Greco, A, Guarcello, C, Labranca, D, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mauro, C, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Pierro, V, Piersanti, L, Rajteri, M, Rizzato, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Rettaroli A., Barone C., Borghesi M., Capelli S., Carapella G., Caricato A. P., Carusotto I., Cian A., Di Gioacchino D., Enrico E., Falferi P., Fasolo L., Faverzani M., Ferri E., Filatrella G., Gatti C., Giachero A., Giubertoni D., Granata V., Greco A., Guarcello C., Labranca D., Leo A., Ligi C., Maccarrone G., Mantegazzini F., Margesin B., Maruccio G., Mauro C., Mezzena R., Monteduro A. G., Nucciotti A., Oberto L., Origo L., Pagano S., Pierro V., Piersanti L., Rajteri M., Rizzato S., Vinante A., Zannoni M., Rettaroli, A, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Capelli, S, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, Di Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Greco, A, Guarcello, C, Labranca, D, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mauro, C, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Pierro, V, Piersanti, L, Rajteri, M, Rizzato, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Rettaroli A., Barone C., Borghesi M., Capelli S., Carapella G., Caricato A. P., Carusotto I., Cian A., Di Gioacchino D., Enrico E., Falferi P., Fasolo L., Faverzani M., Ferri E., Filatrella G., Gatti C., Giachero A., Giubertoni D., Granata V., Greco A., Guarcello C., Labranca D., Leo A., Ligi C., Maccarrone G., Mantegazzini F., Margesin B., Maruccio G., Mauro C., Mezzena R., Monteduro A. G., Nucciotti A., Oberto L., Origo L., Pagano S., Pierro V., Piersanti L., Rajteri M., Rizzato S., Vinante A., and Zannoni M.

Abstract

The DARTWARS project has the goal of developing high-performing innovative traveling wave parametric amplifiers with high gain, large bandwidth, high saturation power, and nearly quantum-limited noise. The target frequency region for its applications is 5–10 GHz, where the expected noise temperature is below 600 mK. The development follows two different approaches, one based on Josephson junctions and one based on kinetic inductance of superconductors. This contribution mainly focuses on the Josephson traveling wave parametric amplifier, presenting its design, preliminary measurements and the test of homogeneity of arrays of Josephson junctions.

Published
2023

20. Modeling of Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifiers

Author

Guarcello, C, Avallone, G, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Capelli, S, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, Di Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Greco, A, Labranca, D, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mauro, C, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Pierro, V, Piersanti, L, Rajteri, M, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Guarcello, C., Avallone, G., Barone, C., Borghesi, M., Capelli, S., Carapella, G., Caricato, A. P., Carusotto, I., Cian, A., Di Gioacchino, D., Enrico, E., Falferi, P., Fasolo, L., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Filatrella, G., Gatti, C., Giachero, A., Giubertoni, D., Granata, V., Greco, A., Labranca, D., Leo, A., Ligi, C., Maccarrone, G., Mantegazzini, F., Margesin, B., Maruccio, G., Mauro, C., Mezzena, R., Monteduro, A. G., Nucciotti, A., Oberto, L., Origo, L., Pagano, S., Pierro, V., Piersanti, L., Rajteri, M., Rettaroli, A., Rizzato, S., Vinante, A., Zannoni, M., Guarcello, C, Avallone, G, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Capelli, S, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, Di Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Greco, A, Labranca, D, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mauro, C, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Pierro, V, Piersanti, L, Rajteri, M, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Guarcello, C., Avallone, G., Barone, C., Borghesi, M., Capelli, S., Carapella, G., Caricato, A. P., Carusotto, I., Cian, A., Di Gioacchino, D., Enrico, E., Falferi, P., Fasolo, L., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Filatrella, G., Gatti, C., Giachero, A., Giubertoni, D., Granata, V., Greco, A., Labranca, D., Leo, A., Ligi, C., Maccarrone, G., Mantegazzini, F., Margesin, B., Maruccio, G., Mauro, C., Mezzena, R., Monteduro, A. G., Nucciotti, A., Oberto, L., Origo, L., Pagano, S., Pierro, V., Piersanti, L., Rajteri, M., Rettaroli, A., Rizzato, S., Vinante, A., and Zannoni, M.

Abstract

The recent developments in quantum technologies, as well as advanced detection experiments, have raised the need to detect extremely weak signals in the microwave frequency spectrum. To this aim, the Josephson travelling wave parametric amplifier, a device capable of reaching the quantum noise limit while providing a wide bandwidth, has been proposed as a suitable cryogenic front-end amplifier. This work deals with the numerical study of a Josephson travelling wave parametric amplifier, without approximations regarding the nonlinearity of the key elements. In particular, we focus on the investigation of the system of coupled nonlinear differential equations representing all the cells of the Josephson travelling wave parametric amplifier, with proper input and output signals at the boundaries. The investigation of the output signals generated by the parametric amplification process explores the phase-space and the Fourier spectral analysis of the output voltage, as a function of the parameters describing the pump and signal tones that excite the device. Beside the expected behavior, i.e., the signal amplification, we show that, depending on the system operation, unwanted effects (such as pump tone harmonics, incommensurate frequency generation, and noise rise), which are not accounted for in simple linearized approaches, can be generated in the whole nonlinear system. IEEE

Published
2023

21. Characterization of Traveling-Wave Josephson Parametric Amplifiers at T = 0.3 K

Author

Granata, V, Avallone, G, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Capelli, S, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giubertoni, D, Greco, A, Guarcello, C, Labranca, D, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mauro, C, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Pierro, V, Piersanti, L, Rajteri, M, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Granata, V., Avallone, G., Barone, C., Borghesi, M., Capelli, S., Carapella, G., Caricato, A. P., Carusotto, I., Cian, A., Gioacchino, D. Di, Enrico, E., Falferi, P., Fasolo, L., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Filatrella, G., Gatti, C., Giachero, A., Giubertoni, D., Greco, A., Guarcello, C., Labranca, D., Leo, A., Ligi, C., Maccarrone, G., Mantegazzini, F., Margesin, B., Maruccio, G., Mauro, C., Mezzena, R., Monteduro, A. G., Nucciotti, A., Oberto, L., Origo, L., Pagano, S., Pierro, V., Piersanti, L., Rajteri, M., Rettaroli, A., Rizzato, S., Vinante, A., Zannoni, M., Granata, V, Avallone, G, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Capelli, S, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giubertoni, D, Greco, A, Guarcello, C, Labranca, D, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mauro, C, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Pierro, V, Piersanti, L, Rajteri, M, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Granata, V., Avallone, G., Barone, C., Borghesi, M., Capelli, S., Carapella, G., Caricato, A. P., Carusotto, I., Cian, A., Gioacchino, D. Di, Enrico, E., Falferi, P., Fasolo, L., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Filatrella, G., Gatti, C., Giachero, A., Giubertoni, D., Greco, A., Guarcello, C., Labranca, D., Leo, A., Ligi, C., Maccarrone, G., Mantegazzini, F., Margesin, B., Maruccio, G., Mauro, C., Mezzena, R., Monteduro, A. G., Nucciotti, A., Oberto, L., Origo, L., Pagano, S., Pierro, V., Piersanti, L., Rajteri, M., Rettaroli, A., Rizzato, S., Vinante, A., and Zannoni, M.

Abstract

The growing interest in quantum technologies, from fundamental physics experiments to quantum computing, demands for extremely performing electronics only adding the minimum amount of noise admitted by quantum mechanics to the input signal (i.e. quantum-limited electronics). Superconducting microwave amplifiers, due to their dissipationless nature, exhibit outstanding performances in terms of noise (quantum limited), and gain. However, bandwidth and saturation power still show space for substantial improvement. Within the DARTWARS* collaboration, we are developing state-of-the-art microwave superconducting amplifiers based on Josephson junction arrays and on distributed kinetic inductance transmission lines. Here we report the realization of a setup for the characterization of the performances of Josephson Traveling-Wave Parametric Amplifiers (JTWPA) at a temperature of 300 mK. Although in the final experimental setup these amplifiers will operate at a base temperature of about 20 mK, their characterization at 300 mK allows to evidence the main aspects of their performances, but the ultimate noise level. This represents a quick and relatively inexpensive way to test these superconductive devices that can be of help to improve their design and fabrication. IEEE

Published
2023

22. Detector Array Readout with Traveling Wave Amplifiers

Author

Giachero, A, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Chang, W, Cian, A, Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giubertoni, D, Greco, A, Kutlu, C, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Matlashov, A, Mauro, C, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Pagano, S, Pierro, V, Piersanti, L, Rajteri, M, Rizzato, S, Semertzidis, Y, Uchaikin, S, Vinante, A, Giachero A., Barone C., Borghesi M., Carapella G., Caricato A. P., Carusotto I., Chang W., Cian A., Gioacchino D. D., Enrico E., Falferi P., Fasolo L., Faverzani M., Ferri E., Filatrella G., Gatti C., Giubertoni D., Greco A., Kutlu C., Leo A., Ligi C., Maccarrone G., Margesin B., Maruccio G., Matlashov A., Mauro C., Mezzena R., Monteduro A. G., Nucciotti A., Oberto L., Pagano S., Pierro V., Piersanti L., Rajteri M., Rizzato S., Semertzidis Y. K., Uchaikin S., Vinante A., Giachero, A, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Chang, W, Cian, A, Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giubertoni, D, Greco, A, Kutlu, C, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Matlashov, A, Mauro, C, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Pagano, S, Pierro, V, Piersanti, L, Rajteri, M, Rizzato, S, Semertzidis, Y, Uchaikin, S, Vinante, A, Giachero A., Barone C., Borghesi M., Carapella G., Caricato A. P., Carusotto I., Chang W., Cian A., Gioacchino D. D., Enrico E., Falferi P., Fasolo L., Faverzani M., Ferri E., Filatrella G., Gatti C., Giubertoni D., Greco A., Kutlu C., Leo A., Ligi C., Maccarrone G., Margesin B., Maruccio G., Matlashov A., Mauro C., Mezzena R., Monteduro A. G., Nucciotti A., Oberto L., Pagano S., Pierro V., Piersanti L., Rajteri M., Rizzato S., Semertzidis Y. K., Uchaikin S., and Vinante A.

Abstract

Reducing noise to the quantum limit over a large bandwidth is a fundamental requirement for future applications operating at millikelvin temperatures, such as the neutrino mass measurement, the next-generation X-ray observatory, the CMB measurement, the dark matter and axion detection, and the rapid high-fidelity readout of superconducting qubits. The read out sensitivity of arrays of microcalorimeter detectors, resonant axion-detectors, and qubits, is currently limited by the noise temperature and bandwidth of the cryogenic amplifiers. The Detector Array Readout with Traveling Wave Amplifiers project has the goal of developing high-performing innovative traveling wave parametric amplifiers with a high gain, a high saturation power, and a quantum-limited or nearly quantum-limited noise. The practical development follows two different promising approaches, one based on the Josephson junctions and the other one based on the kinetic inductance of a high-resistivity superconductor. In this contribution, we present the aims of the project, the adopted design solutions and preliminary results from simulations and measurements.

Published
2022

23. Bimodal Approach for Noise Figures of Merit Evaluation in Quantum-Limited Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifiers

Author

Fasolo, L, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Chung, W, Cian, A, Di Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giubertoni, D, Greco, A, Kutlu, C, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Livreri, P, Maccarone, G, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Matlashov, A, Mauro, C, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Pagano, S, Pierro, V, Piersanti, L, Rajteri, M, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Semertzidis, Y, Uchaikin, S, Vinante, A, Fasolo L., Barone C., Borghesi M., Carapella G., Caricato A. P., Carusotto I., Chung W., Cian A., Di Gioacchino D., Enrico E., Falferi P., Faverzani M., Ferri E., Filatrella G., Gatti C., Giachero A., Giubertoni D., Greco A., Kutlu C., Leo A., Ligi C., Livreri P., Maccarone G., Margesin B., Maruccio G., Matlashov A., Mauro C., Mezzena R., Monteduro A. G., Nucciotti A., Oberto L., Pagano S., Pierro V., Piersanti L., Rajteri M., Rettaroli A., Rizzato S., Semertzidis Y. K., Uchaikin S. V., Vinante A., Fasolo, L, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Chung, W, Cian, A, Di Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giubertoni, D, Greco, A, Kutlu, C, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Livreri, P, Maccarone, G, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Matlashov, A, Mauro, C, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Pagano, S, Pierro, V, Piersanti, L, Rajteri, M, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Semertzidis, Y, Uchaikin, S, Vinante, A, Fasolo L., Barone C., Borghesi M., Carapella G., Caricato A. P., Carusotto I., Chung W., Cian A., Di Gioacchino D., Enrico E., Falferi P., Faverzani M., Ferri E., Filatrella G., Gatti C., Giachero A., Giubertoni D., Greco A., Kutlu C., Leo A., Ligi C., Livreri P., Maccarone G., Margesin B., Maruccio G., Matlashov A., Mauro C., Mezzena R., Monteduro A. G., Nucciotti A., Oberto L., Pagano S., Pierro V., Piersanti L., Rajteri M., Rettaroli A., Rizzato S., Semertzidis Y. K., Uchaikin S. V., and Vinante A.

Abstract

The advent of ultra-low noise microwave amplifiers revolutionized several research fields demanding for quantum-limited technologies. Exploiting a theoretical bimodal description of a linear phase-preserving amplifier, in this contribution we analyze some of the intrinsic properties of a model architecture (i.e., an rf-SQUID based Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifier) in terms of amplification and noise generation for key case study input states (Fock and coherents). Furthermore, we present an analysis of the output signals generated by the parametric amplification mechanism when thermal noise fluctuations feed the device.

Published
2022

25. Progress in the development of a KITWPA for the DARTWARS project

Author

Borghesi, M., primary, Barone, C., additional, Borghesi, M., additional, Capelli, S., additional, Carapella, G., additional, Caricato, A.P., additional, Carusotto, I., additional, Cian, A., additional, Di Gioacchino, D., additional, Enrico, E., additional, Falferi, P., additional, Fasolo, L., additional, Faverzani, M., additional, Ferri, E., additional, Filatrella, G., additional, Gatti, C., additional, Giachero, A., additional, Giubertoni, D., additional, Granata, V., additional, Greco, A., additional, Guarcello, C., additional, Labranca, D., additional, Leo, A., additional, Ligi, C., additional, Maccarrone, G., additional, Mantegazzini, F., additional, Margesin, B., additional, Maruccio, G., additional, Mauro, C., additional, Mezzena, R., additional, Monteduro, A.G., additional, Nucciotti, A., additional, Oberto, L., additional, Origo, L., additional, Pagano, S., additional, Pierro, V., additional, Piersanti, L., additional, Rajteri, M., additional, Rettaroli, A., additional, Rizzato, S., additional, Vinante, A., additional, and Zannoni, M., additional

Published
2023
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26. Superconducting qubit network as a single microwave photon detector for Galactic Axion search

Author

Enrico, E., primary, Bonavolontà, C., additional, Brida, G., additional, Coda, G., additional, Il'ichev, E., additional, Fasolo, L., additional, Fistoul, M., additional, Meda, A., additional, Oberto, L., additional, Oelsner, G., additional, Rajteri, M., additional, Ruggiero, B., additional, Silvestrini, P., additional, Valentino, M., additional, Vanacore, P., additional, and Lisitskiy, M., additional

Published
2023
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27. Ultra low noise readout with traveling wave parametric amplifiers: The DARTWARS project

Author

Rettaroli, A., primary, Barone, C., additional, Borghesi, M., additional, Capelli, S., additional, Carapella, G., additional, Caricato, A.P., additional, Carusotto, I., additional, Cian, A., additional, Di Gioacchino, D., additional, Enrico, E., additional, Falferi, P., additional, Fasolo, L., additional, Faverzani, M., additional, Ferri, E., additional, Filatrella, G., additional, Gatti, C., additional, Giachero, A., additional, Giubertoni, D., additional, Granata, V., additional, Greco, A., additional, Guarcello, C., additional, Labranca, D., additional, Leo, A., additional, Ligi, C., additional, Maccarrone, G., additional, Mantegazzini, F., additional, Margesin, B., additional, Maruccio, G., additional, Mauro, C., additional, Mezzena, R., additional, Monteduro, A.G., additional, Nucciotti, A., additional, Oberto, L., additional, Origo, L., additional, Pagano, S., additional, Pierro, V., additional, Piersanti, L., additional, Rajteri, M., additional, Rizzato, S., additional, Vinante, A., additional, and Zannoni, M., additional

Published
2023
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29. Development of KI-TWPAs for the DARTWARS Project

Author

Ahrens, F., Ferri, E., Avallone, G., Barone, C., Borghesi, M., Callegaro, L., Carapella, G., Caricato, A. P., Carusotto, I., Cian, A., D'Elia, A., Gioacchino, D. Di, Enrico, E., Falferi, P., Fasolo, L., Faverzani, M., Filatrella, G., Gatti, C., Giachero, A., Giubertoni, D., Granata, V., Guarcello, C., Labranca, D., Leo, A., Ligi, C., Maccarrone, G., Mantegazzini, F., Margesin, B., Maruccio, G., Mezzena, R., Monteduro, A. G., Moretti, R., Nucciotti, A., Oberto, L., Origo, L., Pagano, S., Piedjou, A. S., Piersanti, L., Rettaroli, A., Rizzato, S., Tocci, S., Vinante, A., and Zannoni, M.

Abstract

Noise at the quantum limit over a broad bandwidth is a fundamental requirement for future cryogenic experiments for neutrino mass measurements, dark matter searches, and Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) measurements as well as for fast high-fidelity read-out of superconducting qubits. In the last years, Josephson Parametric Amplifiers (JPA) have demonstrated noise levels close to the quantum limit, but due to their narrow bandwidth, only few detectors or qubits per line can be read out in parallel. An alternative and innovative solution is based on superconducting parametric amplification exploiting the travelling-wave concept. Within the Detector Array Readout with Travelling Wave AmplifieRS (DARTWARS) project, we develop Kinetic Inductance Travelling-Wave Parametric Amplifiers (KI-TWPAs) for low temperature detectors and qubit read-out. KI-TWPAs are typically operated in a three-wave mixing (3WM) mode and are characterised by a high gain, a high saturation power, a large amplification bandwidth, and nearly quantum limited noise performance. The goal of the DARTWARS project is to optimise the KI-TWPA design, explore new materials, and investigate alternative fabrication processes in order to enhance the overall performance of the amplifier. In this contribution we present the advancements made by the DARTWARS collaboration to produce a working prototype of a KI-TWPA, from the fabrication to the characterisation.

Published
2024
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30. Superconducting Qubit Network as a Single Microwave Photon Detector for Galactic Axion Search

Author

Enrico, E., Bonavolonta, C., Brida, G., Coda, G., Il'ichev, E., Fasolo, L., Fistoul, M., Meda, A., Oberto, L., Oelsner, G., Rajteri, M., Ruggiero, B., Silvestrini, P., Valentino, M., Vanacore, P., and Lisitskiy, M.

Abstract

Experimental search of galactic axions requires detection of single photons in the microwave range. We work on a novel approach to detect single microwave photons based on a coherent collective response of quantum states occurring in a superconducting qubit network (SQN) embedded in a low-dissipative superconducting resonator. We propose a two resonators detector configuration with two parallel resonators without common part and with separated input and output terminals. The device consists of a low-dissipative resonator with embedded SQN in which microwave photons arrive (“signal resonator”), and a transmission line for measuring the frequency dependent transmission coefficient demonstrating resonant drops at the qubit frequencies (“readout resonator”). In comparison with T-type three terminal device recently proposed and investigated by us, the device with two resonators with separated input and output terminals doesn't contain common part of both resonators and exclude an unwanted noise from measurement readout circuits to the signal resonator. A layout of two resonators four terminal SQN detectors containing 5 flux qubits weakly coupled to a low-dissipative signal and readout resonator was developed and optimized. The samples were fabricated by Manhattan Al-based technology with Nb resonator circuits. The SQN detector was experimentally tested in terms of microwave measurements of scattering parameters of both resonators and crosstalk properties. Comparison of experimental data with results of the simulations permits one to conclude that the electromagnetic conditions of the fundamental resonant peak of 8.5 GHz of both resonators aren't affected by the crosstalk phenomenon and their performances provided by the design remain not altered for correct device operation.

Published
2024
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31. Experimental Characterization of RF-SQUIDs Based Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifier Exploiting Resonant Phase Matching Scheme

Author

Fasolo, L., Ahrens, F., Avallone, G., Barone, C., Borghesi, M., Callegaro, L., Carapella, G., Caricato, A. P., Carusotto, I., Cian, A., D'Elia, A., Gioacchino, D. Di, Falferi, P., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Filatrella, G., Gatti, C., Giubertoni, D., Granata, V., Guarcello, C., Labranca, D., Leo, A., Ligi, C., Livreri, P., Maccarrone, G., Mantegazzini, F., Margesin, B., Maruccio, G., Mezzena, R., Monteduro, A. G., Moretti, R., Nucciotti, A., Oberto, L., Origo, L., Pagano, S., Piedjou, A. S., Piersanti, L., Rettaroli, A., Rizzato, S., Tocci, S., Vinante, A., Zannoni, M., Giachero, A., and Enrico, E.

Abstract

This study presents recent advancements in Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifiers (JTWPAs) developed and tested at Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica within the Detector Array Readout with Traveling Wave AmplifieRS project framework. Combining Josephson junctions with superconducting coplanar waveguides, JTWPAs offer advanced capabilities for quantum-limited broadband microwave amplification and the emission of non-classical microwave radiation. The work delves into the architecture, optimization, and experimental characterization of a JTWPA with a Resonant Phase-Matching mechanism, highlighting signal gains and idler conversion factors in relation to pump power and signal frequency.

Published
2024
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32. Noise Figures of Merit of rf-SQUID-based Josephson Travelling Wave Parametric Amplifiers

Author

Fasolo, L., Barone, C., Borghesi, M., Carapella, G., Caricato, A. P., Carusotto, I., Cian, A., Di Gioacchino, D., Enrico, E., Falferi, P., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Filatrella, G., Gatti, C., Giachero, A., Giubertoni, D., Greco, A., Leo, A., Ligi, C., Livreri, P., Maccarrone, G., Margesin, B., Maruccio, G., Mezzena, R., Monteduro, A. G., Nucciotti, A., Oberto, L., Pagano, S., Pierro, V., Piersanti, L., Rajteri, M., Rizzato, S., Vinante, A., Fasolo, L., Barone, C., Borghesi, M., Carapella, G., Caricato, A. P., Carusotto, I., Cian, A., Di Gioacchino, D., Enrico, E., Falferi, P., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Filatrella, G., Gatti, C., Giachero, A., Giubertoni, D., Greco, A., Leo, A., Ligi, C., Livreri, P., Maccarrone, G., Margesin, B., Maruccio, G., Mezzena, R., Monteduro, A. G., Nucciotti, A., Oberto, L., Pagano, S., Pierro, V., Piersanti, L., Rajteri, M., Rizzato, S., and Vinante, A.

Subjects
Noise Figure, Power Gain, Josephson Traveling Wave Parameter Amplifier, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica
Abstract

The characterization of the rf-SQUID-based JTWPA in terms of its noise figure and gain for different input states (Fock states or Coherent states) has been carried out. The spectral distribution of the noise temperature Tn and gain G presents a region where the amplifier has a relatively high gain with a thermal noise that can go beyond the standard quantum limit =ℏ/2 (valid only for single mode input states [44]) as shown in Fig. 3. The TWJPA is here biased in its 3WM regime and pumped at p = 12 GHz.

Published
2021

34. Detector Array Readout with Traveling Wave Amplifiers

Author

Giachero, A., primary, Barone, C., additional, Borghesi, M., additional, Carapella, G., additional, Caricato, A. P., additional, Carusotto, I., additional, Chang, W., additional, Cian, A., additional, Gioacchino, D. Di, additional, Enrico, E., additional, Falferi, P., additional, Fasolo, L., additional, Faverzani, M., additional, Ferri, E., additional, Filatrella, G., additional, Gatti, C., additional, Giubertoni, D., additional, Greco, A., additional, Kutlu, C., additional, Leo, A., additional, Ligi, C., additional, Maccarrone, G., additional, Margesin, B., additional, Maruccio, G., additional, Matlashov, A., additional, Mauro, C., additional, Mezzena, R., additional, Monteduro, A. G., additional, Nucciotti, A., additional, Oberto, L., additional, Pagano, S., additional, Pierro, V., additional, Piersanti, L., additional, Rajteri, M., additional, Rizzato, S., additional, Semertzidis, Y. K., additional, Uchaikin, S., additional, and Vinante, A., additional

Published
2022
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35. Bimodal Approach for Noise Figures of Merit Evaluation in Quantum-Limited Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifiers

Author

Fasolo, L., primary, Barone, C., additional, Borghesi, M., additional, Carapella, G., additional, Caricato, A. P., additional, Carusotto, I., additional, Chung, W., additional, Cian, A., additional, Gioacchino, D. Di, additional, Enrico, E., additional, Falferi, P., additional, Faverzani, M., additional, Ferri, E., additional, Filatrella, G., additional, Gatti, C., additional, Giachero, A., additional, Giubertoni, D., additional, Greco, A., additional, Kutlu, C., additional, Leo, A., additional, Ligi, C., additional, Livreri, P., additional, Maccarrone, G., additional, Margesin, B., additional, Maruccio, G., additional, Matlashov, A., additional, Mauro, C., additional, Mezzena, R., additional, Monteduro, A. G., additional, Nucciotti, A., additional, Oberto, L., additional, Pagano, S., additional, Pierro, V., additional, Piersanti, L., additional, Rajteri, M., additional, Rettaroli, A., additional, Rizzato, S., additional, Semertzidis, Y. K., additional, Uchaikin, S., additional, and Vinante, A., additional

Published
2022
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36. Development of Quantum Limited Superconducting Amplifiers for Advanced Detection

Author

Pagano, S., primary, Barone, C., additional, Borghesi, M., additional, Chung, W., additional, Carapella, G., additional, Caricato, A. P., additional, Carusotto, I., additional, Cian, A., additional, Gioacchino, D. Di, additional, Enrico, E., additional, Falferi, P., additional, Fasolo, L., additional, Faverzani, M., additional, Ferri, E., additional, Filatrella, G., additional, Gatti, C., additional, Giachero, A., additional, Giubertoni, D., additional, Greco, A., additional, Kutlu, C., additional, Leo, A., additional, Ligi, C., additional, Maccarrone, G., additional, Margesin, B., additional, Maruccio, G., additional, Matlashov, A., additional, Mauro, C., additional, Mezzena, R., additional, Monteduro, A. G., additional, Nucciotti, A., additional, Oberto, L., additional, Pierro, V., additional, Piersanti, L., additional, Rajteri, M., additional, Rettaroli, A., additional, Rizzato, S., additional, Semertzidis, Y. K., additional, Uchaikin, S., additional, and Vinante, A., additional

Published
2022
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37. Development of quantum limited superconducting amplifiers for advanced detection

Author

Pagano, S, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Chung, W, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, Di Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giubertoni, D, Greco, A, Kutlu, C, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Matlashov, A, Mauro, C, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Pierro, V, Piersanti, L, Rajteri, M, Rizzato, S, Semertzidis, Y, Uchaikin, S, Vinante, A, Pagano, Sergio, Barone, Carlo, Borghesi, Matteo, Chung, Woohyun, Carapella, Giovanni, Caricato, Anna Paola, Carusotto, Iacopo, Cian, Alessandro, Di Gioacchino, Daniele, Enrico, Emanuele, Falferi, Paolo, Fasolo, Luca, Faverzani, Marco, Ferri, Elena, Filatrella, Giovanni, Gatti, Claudio, Giachero, Andrea, Giubertoni, Damiano, Greco, Angelo, Kutlu, Caglar, Leo, Angelo, Ligi, C., Maccarrone, Giovanni, Margesin, Benno, Maruccio, Giuseppe, Matlashov, Andrei, Mauro, Costantino, Mezzena, Renato, Monteduro, Anna Grazia, Nucciotti, Angelo, Oberto, Luca, Pierro, Vincenzo, Piersanti, Luca, Rajteri, Mauro, Rizzato, Silvia, Semertzidis, Yannis K, Uchaikin, Sergey V., Vinante, Andrea, Pagano, S, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Chung, W, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, Di Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giubertoni, D, Greco, A, Kutlu, C, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Matlashov, A, Mauro, C, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Pierro, V, Piersanti, L, Rajteri, M, Rizzato, S, Semertzidis, Y, Uchaikin, S, Vinante, A, Pagano, Sergio, Barone, Carlo, Borghesi, Matteo, Chung, Woohyun, Carapella, Giovanni, Caricato, Anna Paola, Carusotto, Iacopo, Cian, Alessandro, Di Gioacchino, Daniele, Enrico, Emanuele, Falferi, Paolo, Fasolo, Luca, Faverzani, Marco, Ferri, Elena, Filatrella, Giovanni, Gatti, Claudio, Giachero, Andrea, Giubertoni, Damiano, Greco, Angelo, Kutlu, Caglar, Leo, Angelo, Ligi, C., Maccarrone, Giovanni, Margesin, Benno, Maruccio, Giuseppe, Matlashov, Andrei, Mauro, Costantino, Mezzena, Renato, Monteduro, Anna Grazia, Nucciotti, Angelo, Oberto, Luca, Pierro, Vincenzo, Piersanti, Luca, Rajteri, Mauro, Rizzato, Silvia, Semertzidis, Yannis K, Uchaikin, Sergey V., and Vinante, Andrea

Abstract

Ultralow-noise microwave amplification and detection play a central role in different applications, going from fundamental physics experiments to the deployment of quantum technologies. In many applications the necessity of reading multiple detectors, or cavities or qubits, calls for large bandwidth amplifiers with the lowest possible noise. Current technologies are based on High Electron Mobility Transistors and Josephson Parametric Amplifiers. Both have limitations, the former in terms of the minimum noise, the latter in terms of bandwidth. Superconducting Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifiers (TWPAs) have the potential of offering quantum limited noise and large bandwidth. These amplifiers are based on the parametric amplification of microwaves traveling along a transmission line with embedded nonlinear elements. We are developing superconducting TWPAs based both on Josephson junction arrays (Traveling Wave Josephson Parametric mplifiers) and on nonlinear kinetic inductance (Dispersion Engineered Traveling Wave Kinetic Inductance Amplifiers). Our goal is to achieve large bandwidth (in the 5 to 10 GHz range), large gain (more than 20 dB), large saturation power (more than -50 dBm), and near quantum limited noise (noise temperature less than 600 mK). Current achievements in the design and development of the high performance TWPAs are here reported and discussed, together with current limitations and possible future developments.

Published
2022

38. Development of a Josephson junction based single photon microwave detector for axion detection experiments

Author

Alesini, D, primary, Babusci, D, additional, Barone, C, additional, Buonomo, B, additional, Beretta, M M, additional, Bianchini, L, additional, Castellano, G, additional, Chiarello, F, additional, Di Gioacchino, D, additional, Falferi, P, additional, Felici, G, additional, Filatrella, G, additional, Foggetta, L G, additional, Gallo, A, additional, Gatti, C, additional, Giazotto, F, additional, Lamanna, G, additional, Ligabue, F, additional, Ligato, N, additional, Ligi, C, additional, Maccarrone, G, additional, Margesin, B, additional, Mattioli, F, additional, Monticone, E, additional, Oberto, L, additional, Pagano, S, additional, Paolucci, F, additional, Rajteri, M, additional, Rettaroli, A, additional, Rolandi, L, additional, Spagnolo, P, additional, Toncelli, A, additional, and Torrioli, G, additional

Published
2020
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49. P130: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (PCR) as inflammation markers in sarcopenic elderly. Repercussions on functional status. A cross-sectional study in nursing home residents

Author

Perna, S., primary, Guido, D., additional, Riggi, E., additional, Guerriero, F., additional, Sgarlata, C., additional, Sauta, E., additional, Rollone, M., additional, Oberto, L., additional, Maddalena, D., additional, and Rondanelli, M., additional

Published
2014
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