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The superconducting solenoid magnet for the GEM detector poses unusual fabrication and handling challenges because of its extraordinary size. It will be more than 30% larger in diameter than the largest existing particle detector coils. Each of the two coil elements that compose the air-core solenoid, will be about 19 meters in diameter and 15 meters long. Major components weighing as much as 1500 Mg must be transported and manipulated at the Interaction Region 5 (IR5) fabrication site of the SSC Laboratory as the magnets are fabricated. Because of their large size, the magnets will be fabricated, assembled and tested at special purpose facilities at the IR5 site. The site-use plan must accommodate the fabrication of other detector components and the assembly of large flux shaping iron structures in a timely manner to allow subsequent testing and detector assembly. Each cold mass will be composed of twelve 45-Mg coil windings that are joined prior to assembly into the 19-m diam annular cryostat.

The design of the magnet for the GEM detector at the SSC is described. It is an 18m inner diameter, 30m long superconducting solenoid, with a magnetic field of 0.8T. The basic solenoidal field is shaped by large ferromagnetic cones, to improve detector performance in the ends of the solenoid. Because of the system's large size and mass, field-fabrication on-site at the SSC is required. The challenges in this process, together with the large stored energy of the system, 2.5 GJ, have lead to novel design choices in several areas, including the conductor. The design of the conductor, cold mass, vacuum vessel, cold mass supports, thermal shields, forward field shapers, and auxiliary systems are described.

The Gammas, Electrons and Muons detector magnet is a key component of the Superconducting Super Collider accelerator. Its features include a solenoid coil made of aluminum-sheathed cable-in-conduit conductors for an operating current of 50 kA. Designed for on-site winding and assembly, it provides a magnetic field of 0.8 T and stores 2.5 GJ of energy. The magnet also employs a natural thermosiphon loop for cooling by thermal radiation.

Importance: Evaluating the availability of dentists to provide dental care services to children is important for identifying interventions for improving access., Objective: To assess dental care availability for children in the US by public insurance participation, rural-urban setting, and dentist taxonomy (general, pediatric, or specialized)., Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study analyzed the availability of dentists from matching 3 data sets: the 2020 National Plan and Provider Enumeration System, the 2019-2020 State Board of Dentistry information acquired from each state, and the 2019 InsureKidsNow.org database. Data on active dentists in most states (including the District of Columbia [combined hereinafter with states] and excluding Hawaii and Washington) were included in the analysis. The study was conducted from January 2019 to March 2022., Main Outcomes and Measures: The number and percentage of dentists participating in public insurance programs (Medicaid and/or Children's Health Insurance Program [CHIP]) were aggregated at the dental office and stratified by the rurality of their practice and taxonomy. State-level comparisons were derived between this study and reports from the Health Policy Institute of the American Dental Association, along with maps and summary statistics disseminated through a data portal and state reports., Results: Among 204 279 active dentists, participation in public insurance varied widely across states, especially for the states that manage the Medicaid and CHIP programs separately. Participation rates in Medicaid and CHIP varied substantially from those of the Health Policy Institute of the American Dental Association. Participation in Medicaid and CHIP was lowest among urban dentists (Medicaid, 26%; CHIP, 29%) and highest among rural dentists (Medicaid, 39%; CHIP, 40%), while urban dentists accounted for most of the dentist population (urban, 84%; rural, 5%). Similarly, participation in Medicaid and CHIP was substantially lower among general dentists (Medicaid, 28%; CHIP, 29%) vs pediatric dentists (57% in both programs), while each state's dentist population consisted of notably more general (84%) than pediatric (3%) dentists. Nearly half of the states revealed wide variations in Medicaid and CHIP participation between counties, ranging from no participation (21 states) to full participation (22 states)., Conclusions and Relevance: The findings of this study suggest that disparities in the availability of dentists for pediatric dental care are extensive, particularly for Medicaid- and CHIP-insured children, those living in rural communities, and those receiving specialized care. Lack of dentist availability for Medicaid- and CHIP-insured children appears to deter access to receiving dental care.

We determined tissue localization, shedding patterns, virus carriage, antibody response, and aerosol transmission of Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) following inoculation of 4-week-old feeder pigs. Thirty-three pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups for the 42-day study: inoculated (group A; n = 23), contact transmission (group B; n = 5), and aerosol transmission (group C; n = 5). Contact transmission occurred rapidly to group B pigs whereas productive aerosol transmission failed to occur to group C pigs. Emesis was the first clinical sign noted at 3 days postinoculation (dpi) followed by mild to moderate diarrhea lasting 5 more days. Real-time PCR detected PEDV in fecal and nasal swabs, oral fluids, serum, and gastrointestinal and lymphoid tissues. Shedding occurred primarily during the first 2 weeks postinoculation, peaking at 5-6 dpi; however, some pigs had PEDV nucleic acid detected in swabs collected at 21 and 28 dpi. Antibody titers were measurable between 14 and 42 dpi. Although feces and intestines collected at 42 dpi were PEDV negative by PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively, small intestines from 70% of group A pigs were PCR positive. Although disease was relatively mild and transient in this age group, the results demonstrate that 4-week-old pigs are productively infected and can sustain virus replication for several weeks. Long-term shedding of PEDV in subclinically affected pigs should be considered an important source for PEDV transmission., (© 2016 The Author(s).)

Potential therapeutic benefits of dietary n-3 fatty acids are presently evaluated in arteriosclerotic and chronic inflammatory diseases. Because some other long-chain fatty acids inhibit intestinal fluid absorption, the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on fluid and electrolyte transport were tested in rat colon and jejunum. In ligated colon loops in vivo, DHA (10(-5)-10(-3) M luminally) diminished net sodium and fluid absorption, and stimulated net potassium secretion. Similar but smaller effects were produced by EPA. In the jejunum, transport parameters were not influenced by DHA and EPA. In isolated distal colonic mucosa in vitro, DHA (10(-4)-10(-3) M on the mucosal side) reduced the electrical resistance, potential difference, short-circuit current and the net absorption of sodium and chloride due to increased unidirectional serosal to mucosal fluxes. These changes were prevented when calcium was replaced by strontium in the bathing solution. The data suggest that n-3 fatty acids increase colonic conductance indirectly by binding luminal calcium.