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Genus Eotipula Handlirsch, 1906 Eotipula Handlirsch, 1906: 491 (type species, by monotypy: Eotipula parva Handlirsch, 1906) Eotipulina Kalugina in Kalugina & Kovalev, 1985: 52 (type species, by original designation: Eotipulina sibirica Kalugina, 1985) syn.n. Eotipuloptera Kalugina in Kalugina & Kovalev, 1985: 55 type species, by original designation: Eotipuloptera savtshenkoi Kalugina, 1985) syn.n. The genus Eotipula was described by Handlirsch (1906) for two species from the Lower Jurassic (Toarcian) of Dobbertin, Germany, Eotipula parva Handlirsch, 1906 and Eotipula lapidaria Handlirsch, 1906. Eotipula parva was subsequently designated as the type species by Carpenter (1992). Handlirsch (1939) described four additional species in Eotipula, Eotipula defuncta, Eotipula mortua, Eotipula longa and Eotipula coarctata, all from the Dobbertin of Germany. The genus has not been revised since. A later study of the types of the species described by Kalugina in Kalugina & Kovalev (1985) in the genera Eotipulina (three species) and Eotipuloptera (one species) revealed that they all belong in Eotipula, and we therefore here synonymise the names Eotipulina and Eotipuloptera with Eotipula. A diagnosis of Eotipulinae and Eotipula is given by Kalugina (1985). A revision of Eotipula with description of several new species is in preparation (W. Krzemiński in prep.)., Published as part of Oberprieler, Stefanie K., Krzemi��ski, Wies��aw, Hinde, Jack & Yeates, David K., 2015, First crane fly from the Upper Jurassic of Australia (Diptera: Limoniidae), pp. 178-186 in Zootaxa 4021 (1) on page 180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4021.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/242726, {"references":["Handlirsch, A. (1906 - 1908) Die fossilen Insekten und die Phylogenie der rezenten Formen. Ein Handbuch fur Palaontologen und Zoologen. Fasc. 1 - 7. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 1430 pp. [pp. 1 - 640 published in 1906, p. 641 - 1120 in 1907, pp. 1121 - 1430 in 1908.]","Kalugina, N. S. (1985) Infraorder Tipulomorpha. In: Kalugina, N. S. & Kavalev, V. G. (Eds.), Dipterous Insects of Jurassic Siberia, Academia Nauka, Moscow, pp. 47 - 62. [in Russian]","Carpenter, F. M. (1992) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part R: Arthropoda 4. Vol. 4. Superclass Hexapoda. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas, 655 pp.","Handlirsch, A. (1939) Neue Untersuchungen uber die fossilen Insekten mit Erganzungen und Nachtragen sowie Ausblicken auf phylogenetische, palaeographische und allgemein biologische Probleme. Teil II. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 49, 1 - 240."]}

Oberprieler, Stefanie K., Krzemiński, Wiesław, Hinde, Jack, Yeates, David K. (2015): First crane fly from the Upper Jurassic of Australia (Diptera: Limoniidae). Zootaxa 4021 (1): 178-186, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4021.1.8

Eotipula grangeri Oberprieler, Krzemiński & Yeates, sp. nov. (Figs 1 ���3) Type material. Holotype: F. 139996 (part), F. 139997 (counterpart). Talbragar Fish Bed (Upper Jurassic: Kimmeridgian���Tithonian (151 �� 4 Ma), Gulgong, New South Wales, Australia, December 14. xii. 2013, collector Jack Hinde. Part and counterpart impressions of poor preservation state; visible body length 6.5 mm; lateral view of thorax, abdomen, wings and legs, though incomplete; head and halteres missing. Housed in the Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia. Etymology. The species is named after the collector���s nephew, Charles Granger, who aided in its discovery and extraction. Diagnosis. Sc ending opposite bifurcation of Rs on R 2 + 3 + 4 and R 5; Rs almost equal to R 2 + 3 + 4; cell d 1 / 7 of wing length; cross vein m-cu just before bifurcation of M 3 + 4 on M 3 and M 4. Description. Relatively small limoniid, wing length 8.5 mm. Head, antennae and palpi not visible. Legs long, without visible tibial spurs. Vein Sc ending opposite bifurcation of Rs on R 2 + 3 + 4 and R 5; cross-vein sc-r twice its length before the end of Sc; R 1 ending opposite 1 / 3 the length of R 3; cross vein r-r (R 2) twice its length before the end of R 1; Rs almost equal to R 2 + 3 + 4 and 1.5 �� as long as R 3; only three medial veins; cell d 1 / 7 of length of wing; cross vein m-cu just before bifurcation of M 3 + 4 on M 3 and M 4; A 2 straight., Published as part of Oberprieler, Stefanie K., Krzemi��ski, Wies��aw, Hinde, Jack & Yeates, David K., 2015, First crane fly from the Upper Jurassic of Australia (Diptera: Limoniidae), pp. 178-186 in Zootaxa 4021 (1) on page 180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4021.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/242726

Notoatherix antiqua Oberprieler & Yeates, sp. nov. (Figs 1 & 2) Type material. Holotype: Talbragar Fish Bed (Late Jurassic: Kimmeridgian (151 �� 4 Ma), Gulgong, New South Wales, Australia, collector Jack Hinde. Part and counterpart impressions of wing; incomplete preservation with portion of anterior base obscured. Etymology. The species is named for its great age, being the oldest known adult representative of its family. Occurrence. Only known from the Talbragar Fish Bed. Description. Wing relatively large and broad, 12 mm long, 4.8 mm at widest point. R 1 and R 2 + 3 relatively straight, R 2 + 3 meeting R 1 at costa. R 4 + 5 proximally straight, distally weakly curved anteriad, meeting costa before apex. R-m crossvein almost at middle of cell d but tending slightly towards its basal end. Vein M 1 sinuous at base, remainder almost straight, meeting wing margin just behind apex. M 2 gently evenly curved, meeting wing margin. M-m crossvein closing cell d at level of origin of M 1. M 3 and CuA 1 gently evenly curved, ending before wing margin. Cell br longer than bm, base of M 3 and CuA 1 arising close together at apex of cell bm. CuA 2 slightly curved posteriorly, CuP visible as a concave vein just behind CuA 2. A 1 well developed, with similar curvature to CuA 2, ending before wing margin. Stigma faint, with indistinct margins, more prominent behind R 1 but extending in front of this vein., Published as part of Oberprieler, Stefanie K. & Yeates, David K., 2014, Notoatherix antiqua gen. et sp. nov., first fossil water snipe fly from the Late Jurassic of Australia (Diptera: Athericidae), pp. 138-144 in Zootaxa 3866 (1) on page 141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3866.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/228760

Oberprieler, Stefanie K., Yeates, David K. (2014): Notoatherix antiqua gen. et sp. nov., first fossil water snipe fly from the Late Jurassic of Australia (Diptera: Athericidae). Zootaxa 3866 (1): 138-144, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3866.1.8

Genus Notoatherix Oberprieler & Yeates gen. nov. (Figs 1 & 2) Type species. Notoatherix antiqua Oberprieler & Yeates, sp. nov. Diagnosis. Only a single wing blade is preserved, with the anterior base obscured. R 1 and R 2 + 3 relatively straight, R 2 + 3 meeting R 1 at costa. R 4 + 5 proximally straight, then weakly curved upwards posteriorly, meeting costa of wing just before apex. Crossvein r-m almost in middle of cell d, but tending slightly towards its basal end. Vein M 1 sinuous at base, remainder almost straight, meeting wing margin just behind wing apex. M 2 relatively straight, meeting wing margin. Crossvein m-m closing cell d at level of origin of M 1. Species included. Type species only. Remarks. Venational features characteristic of the Athericidae were defined by Stuckenberg (1973). The diagnostic feature of the family, the close terminal convergence of veins R 1 and R 2 + 3, occurs in Notoatherix. In addition, crossvein r-m meets the discal cell further from its basal end, another feature to distinguish rhagionids and athericids used by Stuckenberg (1973). Two other features of many athericids, veins R 4 and R 5 diverging at a far smaller angle than in rhagionids and tabanids, and R 4 ending before the tip of the wing (Stuckenberg 1973), do not occur in Notoatherix because R 4 and R 5 are fused throughout their length. Mostovski et al. (2003) reported that the conformation of R 4 and R 5 is more variable in the fossil record of the three families than in extant forms. Notoatherix dates to an age when these three families are believed to have diverged (Wiegmann et al. 2011) and could possess a venation different from that of the current Athericidae crown group. FIGURE 2. Line drawing of wing of venation of Notoatherix antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype; composite, from part and counterpart. Abbreviations: C = costa; Sc = subcosta; R = radius; R 2 + 3 = anterior branch of the radial sector; R 4 + 5 = posterior branch of the radial sector; M 1, M 2 = anterior (sectoral) branches of media; M 3 = posterior (sectoral) branch of media; CuA 1, CuA 2 = anterior branches of cubitus; A = anal vein; r-m = radial to medial cross-vein; m-m = medial to medial cross-vein; m-cu = medial to cubital cross-vein; d = discal cell; br = first basal cell; bm = second basal cell; m 1-3 = first to fourth medial cells; cua 1 = anterior cubital cell; cup = posterior cubital cell.

Apiocera minor Norris 1936: 61. (Figs. 6, 19). Diagnosis. A small, elongate, grey and black species. Proboscis 1.0 x length of fore tibia, flagellum 3 x longer than maximum width, costa ending at CuA+A 1, vein M 3 +CuA 1 present, M 2 present. Abdomen black with lateral grey markings extending from posterior margin of tergite towards anterior margin on tergites 1���4, and extending from anterior margin towards posterior on tergites 5���6 (like A. collessi, Fig. 16). Quite similar to A. cerata but distinguished by shorter brown hairs on segment 8 of the abdomen., Published as part of Yeates, David K. & Oberprieler, Stefanie K., 2013, Review of the Australian Apiocera minor Norris species-group (Diptera: Apioceridae) with a revised key to species, pp. 195-209 in Zootaxa 3680 (1) on page 198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3680.1.13, http://zenodo.org/record/218744, {"references":["Norris, K. R. (1936). New species of Apioceridae (Diptera) from Western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 22, 49 - 70."]}

Apiocera macrocerata Ye a te s s p. n. (Fig. 3) Material examined. Holotype: male, W Australia, 24.11 ��S 134.01 ��E 56 km S by E of Alice Springs, NT, 24 Sept. 1978, J.C. Cardale. (ANIC, database no. 29029499). Measurements (holotype): 12 mm long (from frons to tip of abdomen), head 2.2 mm wide. Paratype: male, 24.53 ��S 133.12 ��E 27 km S of Mt Breaden NT 22 Sept. 1978 J.C. Cardale. (ANIC, database no. 29029500). Condition. Both the holotype and paratype appear to be greasy, obscuring the integument colour. The head of the holotype has been affixed to the specimen with glue during this study. Diagnosis. A small dark species. Proboscis 0.9 x length of fore tibia, flagellum extremely long, 5 x longer than wide. Costa ending at M veins, vein M 3 +CuA 1 absent, M 2 present. Description. Head. Integument colour black. Pruinescence not visible because of specimen condition. Hairs white except on vertex light brown, and some thick black hairs admixed on postcranium. Scape and pedicel with ground colour dark brown, with erect brown hairs and shorter white hairs admixed on ventral surface. Palps 2 - segmented, elongate with spatulate apex and white hairs. Flagellum dark brown, elongate, length 5 x greatest width (at base). Proboscis (excluding labellum) 0.9 x length of fore tibia. Thorax. Integument dark brown-black, pruinescence and hairs white on pleurae, hairs on scutum and scutellum light brown, with stronger dark brown bristles on postpronotal lobes, lateral margins of scutum and posterior margin of scutellum, with some also just anterior to scuto-scutellar suture. Pruinescence not visible due to condition of specimens. Legs with dark brown integumental colour, grey pruinescence, and indistinct rows of large black spines on femur and tibia, white hairs on femora. Wings. Costa ending at the M veins, M 3 +CuA 1 absent. Cell m 3 present, small. Abdomen. All segments with white hairs, longer on sternites. Short brown hairs admixed with white hairs on all segments, a tuft of longer brown and white hairs admixed on the sides of tergite 1. Pruinescence on abdomen not visible due to the condition of the specimens. Genital capsule with short brown hairs. Genitalia. Not examined. Etymology. This species name is derived from the extremely long flagellum. Distribution. Northern Territory: South-eastern Alice Springs and South of Mt Breaden (Fig. 25); September., Published as part of Yeates, David K. & Oberprieler, Stefanie K., 2013, Review of the Australian Apiocera minor Norris species-group (Diptera: Apioceridae) with a revised key to species, pp. 195-209 in Zootaxa 3680 (1) on page 199, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3680.1.13, http://zenodo.org/record/218744

Apiocera evansi Yeates sp. n. (Figs. 8, 15, 20) Material examined. H olotype: male, W. Australia, 24 mi. N Carnarvon 5���6 Oct. 1969, H.E. Evans Biological note note AM 17 (ANIC, database no. 29029527). Condition good. Measurements (holotype): 14 mm long (tip of antennae to tip of abdomen), head 2.5 mm wide. Paratypes: 6 males, 23 females, same data as holotype. Biological notes AM 14, AM 15 B, AM 17, A 15, A 22, A 23, A 24, A 25. (ANIC, database nos. 29029498, 29029501, 29029502, 29029503, 29029504, 29029505, 29029506, 29029507, 29029508, 29029509, 29029510, 29029511, 29029512, 29029513, 29029514, 29029515, 29029516, 29029517, 29029518, 29029519, 29029520, 29029521, 29029522, 29029523, 29029524, 29029525, 29029526, 29029528, 29029529). Other material. Western Australia: 10 W Mullewa, 2 females (ANIC database nos. 29029532, 29029535); 5km E Miaboolya Beach Carnarvon, 1 female (ANIC database nos. 29029530); Lochada, 6km SE Boiada Camp, 29.246 ��S., 116.543 ��E., 1 male (ANIC database nos. 29029561); Beach W of Warroora HS 23 �� 29 ��� 10 ���S 113 �� 46 ��� 15 ���E, 3 Sept 1997, T.F. Houston & P. Mathiasen, TFH 941 - 1, on flowers of Pileanthus limacus, 1 x female (WAM no. 83068). Diagnosis. A small, elongate, brown species. Proboscis 1.0 x length of fore tibia, flagellum 4 x longer than maximum width, costa ending at M veins, vein M 3 +CuA 1 absent, M 2 present, becoming pale towards wing margin. Abdomen with a prominent median dark brown stripe and two lateral light brown stripes. Description. Head. Pruinescence silver except on vertex light brown. Hairs white except on vertex light brown, and some dark brown hairs admixed on postcranium. Scape and pedicel with ground colour dark brown and with erect brown hairs. Palps 2 -segmented, elongate with spatulate apex and brown hairs. Flagellum dark brown, elongate, length 4 x greatest width (at base). Proboscis (excluding labellum) 1.0 x length of fore tibia. Thorax. Integument dark brown-black, pruinescence and hairs white on pleuron. Scutum and scutellum with dark brown ground colour, very large dark brown macrosetae around margins. Group of thick dark brown hairs on postpronotal lobes, admixed with longer white hairs. Scutum and scutellum with short light brown hairs. Scutum pruinescence with a distinctive pattern of silver-light grey with a pair of longitudinal bands of brown pruinescence on either side of midline, one band in line with the postpronotal lobe, the other pair either side of the midline. The outer darker stripe of pruinescence is broken twice, once on the supra alar area, the other just behind the postpronotal lobes. The scutellum has silver pruinescence around the margin, brown centrally. Legs with dark brown integumental colour, white pruinescence, and indistinct rows of large spines on femur and tibia, white hairs on femora. Most of the spines are dark brown, some on the ventral face of the femur and tibia are light brown. Wings (Fig. 8). Costa ending at the M veins, M 3 +CuA 1 absent. Cell m 3 present, small. Abdomen (Fig. 15). Short brown hairs on all segments, a tuft of longer brown and white hairs admixed on the sides of tergite 1. Pruinescence on abdomen giving a pronounced, longitudinal light brown and dark brown striping. A central dark brown pruinescent stripe, and a lateral stripe on each side. Venter with short dark brown hairs and silver pruinescence. Genitalia. Fig. 20. Male, with divided epandrium, hypandrium very large, elongate with rounded apex free and not fused to gonocoxae. Gonocoxites not fused in midline. Aedeagal sheath short and blunt, gonostyli with apex hooked and curved ventrally, apex simple, without spines. Gonocoxa with additional sclerotized and articulated lobe at the level of the apex of the aedeagus. Etymology. This species is named in honour of Howard Ensign Evans, the collector of the type series, and one of the most acclaimed entomologists of the 20 th century. Comments. Only known from the region of Carnarvon WA, during September, October and November. Distribution. Western Australia: Carnarvon, Mullewa and Lochada (Fig. 24); September���November., Published as part of Yeates, David K. & Oberprieler, Stefanie K., 2013, Review of the Australian Apiocera minor Norris species-group (Diptera: Apioceridae) with a revised key to species, pp. 195-209 in Zootaxa 3680 (1) on pages 203-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3680.1.13, http://zenodo.org/record/218744

Apiocera minor species-group Prior to this study only six species have been described in this group: A. minor Norris, 1936 (WA), A. newmani Norris, 1936 (WA), A. mackerrasi Paramonov, 1953 (QLD), A. australis Paramonov, 1953 (SA, VIC, WA), A. vespera Paramonov, 1953 (WA) and A. cerata Paramonov, 1961 (WA). Diagnosis. Alula poorly developed (Figs. 7���12), in most species equal to triangular cell and triangular in shape, in A. minor and A. newmani much smaller than triangular cell at base of wing and somewhat ribbon-like; C ending near apex of wing and vein M 3 +CuA 1 absent in all species except in A. cerata, A. minor, A. mullewa sp. n. and some A. microeremia sp. n.; vertex in male broad, 1 / 3 or more of head width; proboscis long; scutum with long bristles; hairs on mesopleuron poorly developed (Paramonov 1953)., Published as part of Yeates, David K. & Oberprieler, Stefanie K., 2013, Review of the Australian Apiocera minor Norris species-group (Diptera: Apioceridae) with a revised key to species, pp. 195-209 in Zootaxa 3680 (1) on page 197, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3680.1.13, http://zenodo.org/record/218744, {"references":["Norris, K. R. (1936). New species of Apioceridae (Diptera) from Western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 22, 49 - 70.","Paramonov, S. J. (1953) A review of Australian Apioceridae (Diptera). Australian Journal of Zoology, 1 (3), 449 - 536.","Paramonov, S. J. (1961) Notes on Australian Diptera. XXXV. Some new apiocerids. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (ser. 13), 4, 107 - 110."]}

Apiocera rieki Yeates sp. n. (Figs. 9, 21) Material examined. Holotype: male, Western Australia, 15 [miles, 24 km] W Southern Cross, 30 Oct. 1958, E F Riek (ANIC, database no. 29029531). Condition good. Measurements (holotype): 15 mm long (tip of antennae to tip of abdomen), head 2.7 mm wide. Paratypes: 2 males and 5 females, same data as holotype (ANIC, database nos. 29029533, 29029534, 29029536, 29029537, 29029539, 29029540, 29029541). Other material. Western Australia: W of Norseman, 36.6108 ��S., 141.0858 ��E, 1 male (ANIC, database no. 29029565); Boorabbin Rock (31.12 S, 120.17 E), 4���9 October 1981, T.F. Houston 408, 1 Female (WAM no. 83062). Diagnosis. A small, elongate, brown species, similar to A. evansi sp. n. in many ways. Proboscis 1.0 x length of fore tibia, flagellum 3 x longer than maximum width, costa ending at M veins, vein M 3 +CuA 1 absent, M 2 present, becoming pale towards wing margin. Abdomen with a prominent median dark brown stripe and two mediolateral light brown stripes, similar to A. evansi sp. n. Description. Head. Pruinescence silver except yellow on vertex. Hairs white except on vertex yellow, and some dark brown hairs admixed on postcranium. Scape and pedicel with ground colour black and with erect black hairs, some white hairs ventrally at base of scape. Palps 2 -segmented, elongate with spatulate apex and admixed black and white hairs. Flagellum dark brown, elongate, length 3 x greatest width (at base). Proboscis (excluding labellum) 1.0 x length of fore tibia. Thorax. Integument dark brown-black, pruinescence and hairs white on pleurae, except for a group of strong black hairs on proepisternum, admixed with the white hairs. Scutum and scutellum with dark brown ground colour, very large dark brown macrosetae around margins. Group of thick dark brown hairs on postpronotal lobes, admixed with longer white hairs. Scutum and scutellum with short light brown hairs. Scutum pruinescence with indistinct pattern of silver-light grey with a pair of longitudinal bands of brown pruinescence on either side of midline, one band in line with the postpronotal lobes, the other pair either side of the midline. The outer darker stripe of pruinescence is broken twice, once on the supra alar area, the other just behind the postpronotal lobes. The scutellum has silver pruinescence around the margin, brown centrally. Legs with dark brown integumental colour, white pruinescence, and indistinct rows of large dark brown spines on femur and tibia, white hairs on femora. Wings. Fig. 9. Costa ending at the M veins, M 3 +CuA 1 absent. Cell m 3 present, small. Abdomen. Short black hairs on all segments, a tuft of longer black and white hairs admixed on the sides of tergite 1. Pruinescence on abdomen giving a pronounced longitudinal light brown and dark brown striping. A central dark brown pruinescent stripe, and a lateral stripe on each side, similar to A. evansi sp. n. Venter with short dark brown hairs and silver pruinescence. Genitalia. Fig. 21. Male, with divided epandrium, hypandrium very large, elongate with rounded apex free and not fused to gonocoxae. Gonocoxites not fused in midline. Aedeagal sheath short and blunt, gonostyli with apex hooked and curved ventrally, apex with 3���4 short, thick spines. Gonocoxa with additional sclerotized and articulated lobe at the level of the apex of the aedeagus. Etymology. The specific epithet honours Edgar Riek, who collected the holotype specimen and a number of other specimens used in this revision. Distribution. Western Australia: Western Southern Cross and West of Norseman (Fig. 25); October, November., Published as part of Yeates, David K. & Oberprieler, Stefanie K., 2013, Review of the Australian Apiocera minor Norris species-group (Diptera: Apioceridae) with a revised key to species, pp. 195-209 in Zootaxa 3680 (1) on pages 204-205, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3680.1.13, http://zenodo.org/record/218744

Yeates, David K., Oberprieler, Stefanie K. (2013): Review of the Australian Apiocera minor Norris species-group (Diptera: Apioceridae) with a revised key to species. Zootaxa 3680 (1): 195-209, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3680.1.13

Apiocera cerata Paramonov 1961: 109. (Fig. 18). Diagnosis. A small, elongate, grey and black species. Proboscis 1.0 x length of fore tibia, flagellum 3 x longer than maximum width, costa ending at CuA+A 1, vein M 3 +CuA 1 present, M 2 present. Abdomen black with lateral grey markings extending from posterior margin of tergite towards anterior margin on tergites 1���4, and extending from anterior margin towards posterior on tergites 5���6 (like A. collessi, Fig. 16). Quite similar to A. minor but distinguished by shorter brown hairs on segment 8 of the abdomen., Published as part of Yeates, David K. & Oberprieler, Stefanie K., 2013, Review of the Australian Apiocera minor Norris species-group (Diptera: Apioceridae) with a revised key to species, pp. 195-209 in Zootaxa 3680 (1) on page 198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3680.1.13, http://zenodo.org/record/218744, {"references":["Paramonov, S. J. (1961) Notes on Australian Diptera. XXXV. Some new apiocerids. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (ser. 13), 4, 107 - 110."]}

Apiocera australis Paramonov 1953: 474. Diagnosis A small, elongate, grey and black species. Proboscis 0.8 x length of fore tibia, flagellum 2 x longer than maximum width, costa ending at M veins, vein M 3 +CuA 1 absent, M 2 present, becoming pale towards wing margin. Abdomen black with lateral grey markings extending from posterior margin of tergite towards anterior margin on tergites 1-4, and extending from anterior margin towards posterior on tergites 5-6 (like A. microeremia, Fig. 17)., Published as part of Yeates, David K. & Oberprieler, Stefanie K., 2013, Review of the Australian Apiocera minor Norris species-group (Diptera: Apioceridae) with a revised key to species, pp. 195-209 in Zootaxa 3680 (1) on page 198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3680.1.13, http://zenodo.org/record/218744, {"references":["Paramonov, S. J. (1953) A review of Australian Apioceridae (Diptera). Australian Journal of Zoology, 1 (3), 449 - 536."]}

Apiocera mullewa Yeates sp. n. (Figs 4, 11) Material examined. Holotype: Male, Western Australia, 10 [miles, 16 km] W Mullewa, 2 Nov 1958, E F Riek (ANIC, database no. 29029456). Condition good. Diagnosis. A small, black and grey species similar to A.. collessi sp. n. Proboscis 0.8 x length of fore tibia, flagellum 2.4 x longer than maximum width, costa ending at M veins, vein M 3 +CuA 1 present, M 2 present, becoming pale towards wing margin. Abdomen black with prominent grey markings on either side of midline as in Fig. 4, similar to A. collessi sp. n. except grey markings less extensive. Description. Head. Pruinescence silver except on vertex light brown. Hairs white except on vertex light brown, and some dark brown hairs admixed on postcranium. Scape and pedicel with ground colour dark brown and with erect brown hairs, some white hairs at base of scape ventrally. Flagellum dark brown, elongate, length 2.4 x greatest width (at base). Palps 2 -segmented, elongate with spatulate apex, hairs admixed brown and white. Proboscis (excluding labellum) 0.8 x length of fore tibia. Thorax. Integument dark brown-black, pruinescence and hairs white on pleurae. Scutum and scutellum with dark brown ground colour, very large black macrosetae around margins. Group of thick dark brown hairs on postpronotal lobes, admixed with longer white hairs. Scutum and scutellum with short light brown hairs. Scutum pruinescence with a distinctive pattern of silver-light grey with a pair of longitudinal bands of brown pruinescence on either side of midline, one band in line with the postpronotal lobes, the other pair either side of the midline. The outer darker stripe of pruinescence is broken twice, once on the supra alar area, the other just behind the postpronotal lobes. The scutellum has silver pruinescence around the margin, brown centrally. Legs with dark brown integumental colour, white pruinescence, and indistinct rows of large dark brown spines on femur and tibia, white hairs on femora. Wings. Fig. 11. Costa ending at the M veins, M 3 +CuA 1 present. Cell m 3 present, small. Abdomen. Short brown hairs on all segments, a tuft of longer black and white hairs admixed on the sides of tergite 1. Pruinescence on abdomen giving a pronounced black and silver patterning as in Fig. 4. Pruinescence of abdomen black, with light grey markings on posterolateral margins of tergites 1���3, and light grey markings on anterolateral margins of tergites 4���6. These grey markings are narrower than in A. collessi sp. n. Venter with short dark brown hairs and silver pruinescence, longer white hairs on sternite 1 and at the base of sternite 2. Genitalia: not examined. Comments. Quite a distinctive species because of the wing venation, with the costa extending around the wing and vein M 3 +CuA 1 present. Etymology. The specific name is derived from the type locality. Distribution. Western Australia: Mullewa (Fig. 24); November. Comments. This distinctive species is described based on a single male specimen., Published as part of Yeates, David K. & Oberprieler, Stefanie K., 2013, Review of the Australian Apiocera minor Norris species-group (Diptera: Apioceridae) with a revised key to species, pp. 195-209 in Zootaxa 3680 (1) on page 206, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3680.1.13, http://zenodo.org/record/218744

Apiocera collessi Ye a te s s p. n. (Figs. 10, 16, 22) Material examined. Holotype: male, Victoria, 2 km E of Hattah, 21 Nov. 1975, K.R. Norris (ANIC, database no. 29029453). Condition good. Measurements (holotype): 14 mm long (tip of antennae to tip of abdomen), head 2.5 mm wide. Other material. South Australia: 19km NW Nundroo, 31.65 ��S., 132.1 ��E., 1 male (ANIC, database no. 29029452). Victoria: 11km N Kiamil, 34.9 ��S., 142.3 ��E., 1 male (ANIC, database no. 29029455); 21km E by S Hattah, 34.7833 ��S., 142.5167 ��E., 1 female (ANIC, database no. 29029454). Diagnosis. A small, well-marked species in grey and black. Proboscis 1.0 x length of fore tibia, flagellum 3 x longer than maximum width, costa ending at M veins, vein M 3 +CuA 1 absent, M 2 present, becoming pale towards wing margin. Abdomen black with prominent grey markings on either side of midline as in Fig. 16. Description. Head. Pruinescence silver except on vertex light brown. Hairs white except on vertex light brown, and some dark brown hairs admixed on postcranium. Scape and pedicel with ground colour dark brown and with erect brown hairs, some white hairs at base of scape ventrally. Flagellum dark brown, elongate, length 4 x greatest width (at base). Palps 2 -segmented, elongate with spatulate apex, hairs admixed brown and white. Proboscis (excluding labellum) 1.0 x length of fore tibia. Thorax. Integument dark brown-black, pruinescence and hairs white on pleurae. Scutum and scutellum with dark brown ground colour, very large dark brown macrosetae around margins. Group of thick dark brown hairs on postpronotal lobes, admixed with longer white hairs. Scutum and scutellum with short light brown hairs. Scutum pruinescence with a distinctive pattern of silver-light grey with a pair of longitudinal bands of brown pruinescence on either side of midline, one band in line with the postpronotal lobes, the other pair either side of the midline. The outer darker stripe of pruinescence is broken twice, once on the supra alar area, the other just behind the postpronotal lobes. The scutellum has silver pruinescence around the margin, brown centrally. Legs with dark brown integumental colour, white pruinescence, and indistinct rows of large dark brown spines on femur and tibia, white hairs on femora. Wings. Fig. 10. Costa ending at the M veins, M 3 +CuA 1 absent. Cell m 3 present, small. Abdomen. Fig. 16. Short brown hairs on all segments, a tuft of longer black and white hairs admixed on the sides of tergite 1. Pruinescence on abdomen giving a pronounced black and silver patterning. Pruinescence of abdomen black, with light grey markings on posterolateral margins of tergites 1���3, and light grey markings on anterolateral margins of tergites 4���6. Venter with short dark brown hairs and silver pruinescence, longer white hairs on sternite 1 and at the base of sternite 2. Genitalia. Fig. 22. Male, with divided epandrium, hypandrium very large, elongate with rounded apex free and not fused to gonocoxae. Gonocoxites not fused in midline. Aedeagal sheath short and blunt, gonostyli with apex hooked and curved ventrally, apex simple, without spines. Gonocoxa with additional sclerotized and articulated lobe at the level of the apex of the aedeagus, this lobe furnished with a single, elongate spine directed ventrally. Etymology. This species is named in honour of Dr Donald Colless, research scientist and curator of Diptera at the Australian National Insect Collection (ANIC) from 1960���1987, and Honorary Fellow in ANIC from 1987��� 2012. Distribution. Victoria: Hattah and Kiamil; October and November. South Australia: Nundroo; October (Fig. 24)., Published as part of Yeates, David K. & Oberprieler, Stefanie K., 2013, Review of the Australian Apiocera minor Norris species-group (Diptera: Apioceridae) with a revised key to species, pp. 195-209 in Zootaxa 3680 (1) on pages 205-206, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3680.1.13, http://zenodo.org/record/218744

Apiocera newmani Norris 1936: 62. (Figs. 1, 5, 7, 14). Diagnosis. A small, elongate, brown species. Proboscis 1.5 x length of fore tibia, flagellum 3 x longer than maximum width, costa ending at M veins, vein M 3 +CuA 1 absent, M 2 present, becoming pale towards wing margin (Fig. 7). Abdomen with a prominent median dark brown stripe and two lateral light brown stripes (Fig. 14)., Published as part of Yeates, David K. & Oberprieler, Stefanie K., 2013, Review of the Australian Apiocera minor Norris species-group (Diptera: Apioceridae) with a revised key to species, pp. 195-209 in Zootaxa 3680 (1) on page 198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3680.1.13, http://zenodo.org/record/218744, {"references":["Norris, K. R. (1936). New species of Apioceridae (Diptera) from Western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 22, 49 - 70."]}

Apiocera mackerrasi Paramonov 1953: 473. (Fig. 13). Diagnosis A small, elongate, grey and black species. Proboscis 0.6 x length of fore tibia, flagellum 2 x longer than maximum width, costa ending at M veins, vein M 3 +CuA 1 absent, M 2 present, becoming pale towards wing margin. Abdomen black with small sublateral markings on posterior margins of tergites (Fig. 13)., Published as part of Yeates, David K. & Oberprieler, Stefanie K., 2013, Review of the Australian Apiocera minor Norris species-group (Diptera: Apioceridae) with a revised key to species, pp. 195-209 in Zootaxa 3680 (1) on page 198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3680.1.13, http://zenodo.org/record/218744, {"references":["Paramonov, S. J. (1953) A review of Australian Apioceridae (Diptera). Australian Journal of Zoology, 1 (3), 449 - 536."]}

Genus Apiocera Westwood Apiocera Westwood, 1835: 448. Type species: Apiocera fuscicollis Westwood, 1835 [= Laphria brevicornis Wiedemann, 1830], des. Coquillett, 1910: 58. Comments: The genus and the included subgenera were thoroughly diagnosed by Yeates & Irwin (1996). The current list of included Australian species can be found in Daniels (1989)., Published as part of Yeates, David K. & Oberprieler, Stefanie K., 2013, Review of the Australian Apiocera minor Norris species-group (Diptera: Apioceridae) with a revised key to species, pp. 195-209 in Zootaxa 3680 (1) on page 196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3680.1.13, http://zenodo.org/record/218744, {"references":["Westwood, J. O. (1835) Insectorum novorum exoticorum (ex ordine Dipterorum) descriptiones. London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine, 3, 447 - 449.","Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1830). Aussereuropaische zweiflugelige Insekten. Als Fortsetzung des Meigenschen Werkes 2, Schulz, Hamm.","Coquillett, D. W. (1910) The type-species of the North American genera of Diptera. Proceedings of the US. National Museum, 37, 499 - 647.","Yeates, D. K. & Irwin, M. E. (1996) Apioceridae (Insecta: Diptera): cladistic reappraisal and biogeography. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 116, 247 - 301.","Daniels, G. (1989) Family Apioceridae. In: Evenhuis N. L. (Ed.), Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian Regions. Honolulu and Leiden: Bishop Museum Press and E. J. Brill, pp. 324 - 325."]}

Oberprieler, Stefanie K., Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P., Brothers, Denis J. (2012): The first wasps from the Upper Jurassic of Australia (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea, Praeaulacidae). Zootaxa 3503: 47-54, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214931

Genus Gulgonga Oberprieler, Rasnitsyn & Brothers, gen. nov. Type species. Gulgonga beattiei Oberprieler, Rasnitsyn & Brothers, sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the town of Gulgong, which is located 25 km south-west of the Talbragar Fish Bed fossil site and has served as the base for the excavators during recent years; gender feminine. Diagnosis. Generalised representative of the subfamily Praeaulacinae except metasoma widely rounded basally, even wider than in Praeaulacinus Rasnitsyn, 1972, the only other genus with the metasomal base rounded (neither triangular nor tubular), with first metasomal tergum wider than head (narrower than that in Praeaulacinus); size large, with forewing ca. 4 mm long (unlike Praeaulacinus, 1.9–2.5 mm), antennae setiform (narrowing towards acute apex) and long (longer than forewing). Species included. Type species only. Remarks. Assignment of Gulgonga to the family Praeaulacidae is not unequivocal. Among Jurassic hymenopterons, it shares a combination of four features with only Ephialtitidae, Megalyridae (Cleistogastrinae) and Praeaulacidae: (i) medial mesonotal suture well developed, (ii) forewing venation moderately complete (with only SC, RS 2, 1 r-rs, 2 A and interanal crossvein absent, compared with the hymenopteran groundplan), (iii) metasomal attachment apparently of apocritan type, (iv) external ovipositor long. Among these three taxa, Gulgonga differs from all known Cleistogastrinae in having the forewing with 2–3 r-m cell longer (Cleistrogastrinae with wings shorter and wider, with 3 r-m cell less than 1.5 times as long as high). Unlike Gulgonga, Ephialtitidae retain 2 A and the interanal crossvein (except rare forms with a short ovipositor and a distal position of cu-a with respect to the base of M). Praeaulacidae are unique among Jurassic Apocrita in having the metasoma attached high, with much of the posterior propodeal face extending below the metasomal attachment (see Rasnitsyn & Zhang (2010) for details). Unfortunately the present fossil is preserved in an obliquely dorsoventral position, which prevents identification of the position of the metasomal attachment. Nevertheless, the balance of available evidence suggests that its best placement is in Praeaulacidae, which may however need to be revised if more complete fossils are found. Within Praeaulacidae, Gulgonga conforms well with the diagnosis of Praeaulacinae, possessing long, polymerous antennae with smooth contours (the flagellum showing no boundaries between individual flagellomeres), forewings with a comparatively narrow pterostigma (neither widely triangular nor semicircular), the M+Cu fork much closer to the pterostigma than to the wing base, 2–3 r-m and probably 2 m-cu present, 3 r cell not very wide and 2 A absent, and hindwings with C absent. Unfortunately the poor preservation of the only known specimen renders the phylogenetic position of the genus obscure, even though its generic distinction from other Praeaulacinae is beyond doubt.

Gulgonga beattiei Oberprieler, Rasnitsyn & Brothers, sp. nov. (Figs 2���3, 5��� 6) Type material. Holotype: Talbragar Fish Bed (Upper Jurassic: Kimmeridgian (151 �� 4 Ma), Gulgong, New South Wales, Australia, coll. Robert Beattie; in Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia. Part (AM F. 110544, Fig. 3) and counterpart (AM F. 110545, Fig. 2) impressions of poor preservation state, with organic matter lost and only partly replaced with mineral matter and/or staining, with fine surface sculpture indiscernible; pronotum, thoracic sides and venter and legs not preserved, metasoma distended due to post-mortem decomposition and with sterna lost or displaced, ovipositor apex lost and distal part weakly traceable. Etymology. The species is named for its discoverer, Robert Beattie, who has led the excavation of insect fossils at the Talbragar Fish Bed for many years. Occurrence. Only known from the Talbragar Fish Bed. Description. Female. Head of moderate size, with comparatively small eyes and swollen temples of nearly same length as visible eye length. Antenna long, setiform, slightly longer than forewing, widest subbasally; with scape wider than flagellum at widest point, longer than wide (precise proportions unknown); pedicel transverse, about as wide as flagellum at widest point; flagellum with individual flagellomeres indiscernible. Mesothoracic dorsum with notauli, medial, transscutal and scutellar sutures complete and crenulated; notauli almost reaching medial suture at transscutal suture; scutellar suture broadly V-shaped, reaching transscutal suture medially; finer surface sculpture indiscernible. Metanotum half as long as scutellum; propodeal dorsum as long as scutellum laterally, shorter medially. Forewing with pterostigma large, moderately wide, hind contour weakly arching, with 1 r-rs beyond its midlength; base of RS distant from pterostigma by 0.35 �� pterostigmal length; 1 st section of RS reclival, about half as long as that of M, meeting with the latter at distinct angle; area of forking of RS+M not preserved; RS broadly rectangularly bent between RS+M and 1 r-rs; 1 r-rs meeting RS at a point almost half its length basal to junction of RS and 2 r-m; 3 r-m at least partially present; cells 2���3 r-m of subequal length, about 0.7 �� as long as cell 1 mcu; 1 m-cu about as long as 1 st section of M and slightly shorter than distally adjacent section of Cu; 2 m-cu not preserved but M angulation indicating its position at midlength of cell 3 rm; crossvein cu-a not unequivocally preserved, if correctly interpreted meeting M+Cu possibly just before its forking. Hindwing with only R, incomplete RS and r-m preserved, with r-m long and oblique. Metasomal terga short and wide, the first almost as wide as the others; apical metasomal structures difficult to interpret. Ovipositor long (possibly 1.5 �� as long as forewing), narrow, slightly downcurved. Body length as preserved 6.7 mm (length in life hardly more than 5.5��� 6 mm), antenna length about 4.5 mm, forewing length 4.1 mm, ovipositor minimal length 3.3 but possibly more than 5.7 mm., Published as part of Oberprieler, Stefanie K., Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P. & Brothers, Denis J., 2012, The first wasps from the Upper Jurassic of Australia (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea, Praeaulacidae), pp. 47-54 in Zootaxa 3503 on page 51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214931

Genus Talbragarus Oberprieler & Oberprieler, gen. n. Type species: Talbragarus averyi Oberprieler & Oberprieler, sp. n. Description. Head short, transverse, sunk into prothorax without distinct temples or neck. Rostrum longer than head + prothorax, thin, evenly cylindrical, slightly downcurved; inserted in lower half of head to form a distinct sinus with head dorsally in profile; sides apparently longitudinally grooved. Eyes anterolateral, subrotund, slightly protruding from surface of head; hind margin close to anterior margin of prothorax. Mouthparts apparently with long maxillary palps. Antennae orthocerous, inserted in about middle of rostral length, reaching to about middle of prothorax in repose; funicles with segments shortly elongate, loose; clubs loosely 3 -segmented, segments asymmetrically enlarged, obconical (Fig. 3). Thorax with prothorax shortly subtrapezoidal, dorsally slightly convex, sides medially somewhat expanded and sharply declivous in arc towards base of pronotum (Figs. 1, 2, 5, 6), pronotum with posterior corners rounded, not fitting closely to elytra, posterior margin grooved or sharply declivous, surface densely coarsely punctate; fore coxal cavities large and contiguous, hind coxal cavities also large, transverse, apparently contiguous; scutellum small, narrow; metanepisterna narrowly triangular. Elytra slightly convex, a little more so at apex, shortly elongate, broad, more or less equally wide in anterior two-thirds, at base together wider than base of prothorax, at apex evenly individually rounded, fully covering abdomen; with distinct scutellary striole and 10 full, coarsely punctate striae but striation laterally somewhat irregular and obscured. Legs poorly preserved; fore femora large, medially slightly inflated, unarmed; surface distinctly corrugate (Fig. 4); tibiae and tarsi not distinctly preserved. Abdomen with five flat, subequal, apparently free ventrites, last ventrite apically broadly rounded. Etymology. Named after its only known site, the Talbragar Fish Bed; gender masculine. Taxonomic placement. The distinction between the now generally recognised seven families of extant Curculionoidea (Kuschel 1995, Oberprieler et al. 2007) is based largely on the conditions of a number of key structures, i.e. the labrum (free or fused with the clypeus), the antennae (orthocerous or gonatocerous), the gular sutures (double or single), the elytral striation (with or without scutellary strioles), the tibial apices (with or without spurs), the abdominal tergites (7 th concealed under elytra or exposed as pygidium) and the tarsal claws (simple or appendiculate/bifid). Unfortunately many of these characters preserve poorly in compression fossils. This is the case also with Talbragarus, in which the tip of the rostrum and the legs are not adequately preserved in either of the two known specimens and the only relevant characters in evidence are those of the antennae, elytral striation and coverage of the abdomen. The presence of scutellary strioles excludes a placement of Talbragarus in Caridae, Brentidae and Curculionidae and the absence of a pygidium (the abdominal tergites fully covered by the elytra) excludes one in Anthribidae and Attelabidae; the pygidium though is not always clearly visible in Attelabidae (e.g., in the Australian species classified in Auletobius Desbrochers), but their antennae are inserted at the base of the rostrum. Also in the subfamily Oxycoryninae of Belidae are the antennae inserted basally, and the prothorax is often laterally carinate. This leaves only Nemonychidae and the subfamily Belinae of Belidae in contention for placing Talbragarus. The differentiation between these two taxa rests primarily on the condition of the labrum (free in Nemonychidae, fused in all Belidae) and the presence of a grooming device on the fore tibiae in Belinae (Kuschel 1995), but neither of these characters is preserved in Talbragarus. Other differences between the two taxa occur in the length of the antennae (reaching or exceeding the base of the elytra in Belinae but not in Nemonychidae), the size of the eyes (strongly protruding in Belinae, rarely so in Nemonychidae), the shape of the antennal clubs (elongate in Belinae, shorter in Nemonychidae), the fit of the prothorax to the elytra (close in Belinae, loose in Nemonychidae), the insertion of the rostrum on the head (usually medially in Belinae, generally more ventrally in Nemonychidae), the shape of the fore femora (short but broadly and evenly inflated in Nemonychidae, elongate and narrower in Belinae) and the general body shape (elongate and compact in Belinae, shorter and looser in Nemonychidae). On all of these features Talbragarus fits in Nemonychidae rather than in Belinae, and we therefore assign it to this family. Within Nemonychidae, three extant subfamilies and one extinct are recognised (Kuschel 1995, Oberprieler et al. 2007, Kuschel & Leschen 2011). The extant subfamily Cimberidinae differs from the other three by having nonstriate elytra, but these others are difficult to recognise in inadequately preserved fossils as the differences between them concern, among other more obscure characters, the presence of mesonotal stridulatory files and appendiculate claws (Rhinorhynchinae), bifid claws (Nemonychinae) and simple claws (Eobelinae) (Kuschel & Leschen 2011). As neither the mesonotum nor any claws are preserved in the two specimens of Talbragarus, the genus cannot be unequivocally assigned to any subfamily of Nemonychidae. The only one occurring in Australia is Rhinorhynchinae, whereas Nemonychinae and also the extinct Eobelinae are to date only known from the northern hemisphere. In its short head and small, anterior eyes Talbragarus resembles the Australian rhinorhynchine genera Basiliogeus Kuschel and Basiliorhinus Kuschel (see figures in Zimmerman 1991, Kuschel & Leschen 2011) as well as the fossil described as Cratomacer immersus Zherikhin & Gratshev from the Lower Cretaceous of Santana in Brazil (see figure in Zherikhin & Gratshev 2004), which is also placed in Rhinorhynchinae (Kuschel & Leschen 2011). Slight corrugations of the femoral surface as visible in the fossil under low-angle incident light are also evident in a number of extant Rhinorhynchinae under similar lighting conditions. In its apparently enlarged fore femora, however, Talbragarus is also similar to the Eobelinae described from the Upper Jurassic of Karatau as Ampliceps dentitibia Arnoldi, Ampliceps furcitibia Arnoldi, Archaeorrhynchus tenuicornis Martynov, Eobelus acutirostris Arnoldi, Probelopsis acutiapex Arnoldi and Scelocamptus curvipes Arnoldi (see figures in Martynov 1926, Arnoldi 1977), but this character also occurs conspicuously in the extant Australian Zimmiellus Kuschel and New-Caledonian Idiomacer Kuschel (see figures in Kuschel & Leschen 2011), thus does not facilitate an assignment of Talbragarus to either Rhinorhynchinae or Eobelinae. It is furthermore uncertain whether Eobelinae and Rhinorhynchinae were differentiated in the late Jurassic or are even properly distinct from each other, given that the condition of the tarsal claws is not clear or known in many eobeline fossils (and a variable character in weevils in any case) and that the presence or absence of mesonotal files is not established in Eobelinae and these files are absent in some Rhinorhynchinae (see Kuschel & Leschen 2011)., Published as part of Oberprieler, Rolf G. & Oberprieler, Stefanie K., 2012, Talbragarus averyi gen. et sp. n., the first Jurassic weevil from the southern hemisphere (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea: Nemonychidae), pp. 256-266 in Zootaxa 3478 on pages 258-260, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.213689, {"references":["Kuschel, G. (1995) A phylogenetic classification of Curculionoidea to families and subfamilies. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, 14, 5 - 33.","Oberprieler, R. G., Marvaldi, A. E., & Anderson, R. S. (2007) Weevils, weevils, weevils everywhere. Zootaxa, 1668, 491 - 520.","Kuschel, G. & Leschen, R. (2011): Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Rhinorhynchinae (Coleoptera: Nemonychidae). Invertebrate Systematics, 24, 673 - 615.","Zimmerman, E. C. (1991) Australian Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea). Volume V - Colour Plates 1 - 304. CSIRO, Australia, 633 pp.","Zherikhin, V. V. & Gratshev, V. G. (2004) Fossil curculionoid beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) from the Lower Cretaceous of northeastern Brazil. Paleontological Journal, 38 (5), 58 - 68.","Martynov, A. V. (1926 [1925]) To the knowledge of fossil insects from Jurassic beds in Turkestan. 5. On some interesting Coleoptera. Ezhegodnik Vsesoiuznoe Paleontologicheskoe Obshchestva (Annals of the Russian Palaeontological Society), 5 (1), 1 - 38. [in Russian, with English summary.]","Arnoldi, L. V. (1977) Eobelidae. Pp. 144 - 176 [195 - 241]. In: Arnoldi, L. V., Zherikhin, V. V., Nikitrin, L. M., & Ponomarenko, A. G. (eds.). Mesozoic Coleoptera. Nauka Publishers, Moscow, Russia [English translation, 1991, Oxonian Press, New Delhi, India]."]}

Oberprieler, Rolf G., Oberprieler, Stefanie K. (2012): Talbragarus averyi gen. et sp. n., the first Jurassic weevil from the southern hemisphere (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea: Nemonychidae). Zootaxa 3478: 256-266, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.213689

Family Praeaulacidae Rasnitsyn, 1972 Subfamily Praeaulacinae Rasnitsyn, 1972 Diagnosis. Antennae polymerous, rarely with 15 flagellomeres, usually more (14���17 in Cretocleistogastrinae). Forewing with pterostigma comparatively narrow (widely triangular or semicircular in Cretocleistogastrinae), M+Cu fork much closer to pterostigma than to wing base (nearly equidistant in Nevaniinae); 2���3 r-m and 2 m-cu always present (lost in Cretocleistogastrinae, only 2 r-m lost in Anomopterellinae); 3 r cell moderately wide (very wide and nearly triangular because of long and almost straight apical section of RS in Anomopterellinae); 2 A absent (present in Nevaniinae). Hindwing with C absent (present in Nevaniinae), R strong, reaching apex of Rs and forming a distinct vein; cells rm and cua always closed (R lost beyond hamuli and cua cell lost in Cretocleistogastrinae). Ovipositor long, with sheaths more than half length of metasoma (shorter in Anomopterellinae). Remarks. For the genera included in the subfamily and their distribution, see Zhang & Rasnitsyn (2008) and Rasnitsyn & Zhang (2010)., Published as part of Oberprieler, Stefanie K., Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P. & Brothers, Denis J., 2012, The first wasps from the Upper Jurassic of Australia (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea, Praeaulacidae), pp. 47-54 in Zootaxa 3503 on page 49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214931, {"references":["Rasnitsyn A. P. (1972) Praeaulacidae (Hymenoptera) from the Upper Jurassic of Karatau. Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, 1, 72 - 87 [in Russian, translated into English as ' Late Jurassic Hymenopterous insects (Praeaulacidae) of Karatau' in Paleontological Journal, 6, 62 - 77].","Zhang, H. & Rasnitsyn, A. P. (2008) Middle Jurassic Praeaulacidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Evanioidea) of Inner Mongolia and Kazakhstan. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 6 (4), 463 - 487.","Rasnitsyn, A. P. & Zhang, H. (2010) Early evolution of Apocrita (Insecta, Hymenoptera) as indicated by new findings in the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, NE China. Acta Geologica Sinica, 84, 834 - 873."]}

Talbragarus averyi Oberprieler & Oberprieler, sp. n. (Figs. 1–10) Description. Length excluding rostrum 8.5–9.5 mm. Head dorsally convex, vertex sparsely coarsely punctate. Rostrum at base a third as wide as base of head; basal half punctate. Eyes dorsally separated by about basal width of rostrum. Antennae with funicular segments about 2 x longer than wide, club segments subequal in length but apex of last not preserved (Fig. 3). Prothorax about 1.5 x wider than long; distal margin slightly sinuate, basal margin evenly arcuate; punctures at base partially confluent; metanepisterna finely punctate. Elytra about 2.5 x longer than prothorax; scutellary strioles extending to about anterior third of elytra but punctures in posterior half very small and compressed, striae 1 kinked at end of scutellary strioles. Ventrites sparsely, coarsely but very shallowly punctate. Material examined (2 specimens). Holotype: part (AM F. 137581; Figs. 1, 3– 5) and counterpart (AM F. 137582; Figs. 2, 6); length 9.5 mm; dorsolateral view showing head with rostrum and partially preserved antennae, dorsal part of prothorax, spread elytra, left fore femur (Fig. 3) and apical three ventrites; both part and counterpart with crack across elytra; Talbragar Fish Bed (Upper Jurassic: Kimmeridgian, 151 ± 4 Ma), Gulgong, N.S.W., Australia; April 2011, S. Avery coll. Paratype: part (AM F. 137583; Figs. 7, 9) and counterpart (AM F. 137584; Figs. 8, 10); length 8.5 mm; dorsal view showing head with rostrum, prothorax, elytra and parts of right fore and middle femora; part with crack across prothorax; Talbragar Fish Bed (Upper Jurassic: Kimmeridgian, 151 ± 4 Ma), Gulgong, N.S.W., Australia; July 2009, S. Avery coll. Both specimens deposited in the Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia. Etymology. The species is named for its discoverer, Steven Avery, who participated in the excavation of insect fossils at the Talbragar Fish Bed for several years and found these two weevils and many other fine insect specimens there. Remarks. The two specimens differ slightly in size and some small structural details but display no significant differences in any of the preserved structures that would allow an assignment to two different species. Even though the tip of the rostrum is not preserved in the holotype (Figs. 1–2), the rostra of both specimens are very similar in length and shape, suggesting that the specimens represent the same gender. There are no clues, however, as to whether they may be males or females., Published as part of Oberprieler, Rolf G. & Oberprieler, Stefanie K., 2012, Talbragarus averyi gen. et sp. n., the first Jurassic weevil from the southern hemisphere (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea: Nemonychidae), pp. 256-266 in Zootaxa 3478 on pages 261-263, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.213689