Search

Research on human subjects is ethically justified when its anticipated results would ultimately benefit the society or public and not only the individuals participating in this research. Besides contributing to scientific knowledge, social benefits of scientific research may extend to all aspects of the public's life including health, education, and security. In this paper, we aimed to discuss the social benefits principle as an ethical requirement for the conduct of scientific research in general and nursing research in particular. We critically examined the current situation of nursing research in developing countries including its adherence to the social benefits principle and provided exemplars of both hindered and successful utilization of nursing research evidence in developing countries. We concluded that the utilization of nursing research evidence in clinical practice, education, and policy making is almost nonexistent and faces many challenges in most developing countries. Thus, most nursing research in developing countries are not currently meeting the social benefit principle of the ethical conduct of scientific research. We provided recommendations to promote the utilization of nursing research in evidence-based practice, nursing education, and health policy.

Purpose. This cross‐sectional survey study aimed to examine the association between vegetarian diet consumption and sleep quality, academic performance, and health‐related quality of life among female undergraduate college students. Method. A sample of 158 undergraduate female college students was recruited using a convenience sampling approach. Data collection utilized reliable and validated English‐language instruments including the Vegetarian Quality of Life Questionnaire (VEGQOL), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and health‐related quality of life scale (HRQoL). The data were analyzed using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and appropriate descriptive statistics. Results. Vegetarians exhibited a significantly lower BMI compared to nonvegetarians (F (1, 156) = [6.09], p = 0.015). Those strictly adhering to a vegan diet (48.79 ± 9.41) had the lowest vegetarian quality of life among all participants following various forms of a vegetarian diet (F (3, 68) = [2.78], p = 0.04). The majority of female college students reported good to excellent general health (91.7%), with 53.2% perceiving their sleep quality as fairly good. However, the mean PSQI global score of 8.04 (±3.35) indicated poor sleep quality. No significant association was found between diet type (vegetarian vs. nonvegetarian) and academic performance (cGPA) (χ2 (4, N = 158) = 2.92, p = 0.57). There was no significant relationship between diet types and academic performance, HRQoL, and sleep quality. Conclusion. Despite a significant association between vegetarian diet and lower BMI, surprisingly, no substantial relationships were identified between diet type and academic performance, HRQoL, and sleep quality. These findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on the potential impacts of a vegetarian diet on various facets of female college students' well‐being and highlight the need for further exploration in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To asses smoking cessation counselling practices (SCC) among health care providers dealing with cancer patients. Method: A cross‐sectional design was used with a sample of 300 providers from three hospitals in Jordan. A self‐report questionnaire was distributed. Results: During the initial visit, the most frequent practices were asking patients if they smoke and advise smokers to quit (50%, 45% respectively). Only 13% of providers reported treating or referring patients for smoking use cessation intervention. During the follow‐up visits, the most frequent practice was reinforcing the stopping of tobacco use 39%. Overall, physicians had the highest scores of adherence to applying SCC practices. Besides, over 85% of participants believe that tobacco cessation should be a standard part of cancer interventions and clinicians need more training. Over 80% agreed that barriers of implementing SCC practices include lack of training and resources. Finally, receiving SCC training, more years since completion of the most senior degree, and more time spent with cancer patients predicted a higher score of total SCC practices (P <.05). Conclusion: It is essential to provide training, referral facilities, and supportive policies to encourage SCC practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Successful implementation of shared decision-making in clinical encounters is influenced by system, patient, and clinician factors that both facilitate and present barriers to patient-centered care. Little is known about which factors Jordanian physicians believe influence their ability to implement shared decision-making with cancer patients.Aims: To determine Jordanian physicians' perceived barriers and facilitators to patient participation in treatment decision-making.Settings and Design: A cross-sectional exploratory survey design was used in the study. A convenience sample of 86 Jordanian medical and radiation oncologists and surgeons was recruited.Materials and Methods: A valid measure of physicians' views of shared decision-making was slightly modified from its original English and used to collect data. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for windows version 19.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Descriptive and inferential statistics were carried as appropriate.Results: Insufficient time to spend with the patient, patient expecting a certain treatment rather than a consultation, and the patient's family overriding the decision-making process were the most frequently reported barriers to patient participation in treatment decision-making. Physicians believed that patients trust in physicians and patient being accompanied at the consultation were important facilitators of patient participation in treatment decision-making.Conclusions: Jordanian physicians perceive multiple barriers to patient participation in treatment decision-making. Patient-related difficulties (e.g., indecision), and system-related difficulties, in particular, patient's family influence on the decision-making process are more prevalent among Jordanian physicians compared to Western physicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Screening for breast cancer utilizing mammography is associated with reduced advanced cancer diagnosis and reduced breast cancer mortality. We aimed to assess the lifetime history of breast cancer screening utilization for Jordanian women aged 40 and 49 years and determinants of this utilization., Methods: This paper reports the analyzed data from the seventh cycle of the Jordan Population and Family Health Survey (JPFHS). For this study, the analysis was confined to 4486 women aged between 40 and 49 years at the time of data collection who reported their nationality as Jordanian. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to assess whether any socio-demographic variables could predict greater breast cancer screening utilization., Results: Only 14% of all respondents aged 40-49 years reported ever having a mammogram. Results of multivariate logistic regression showed that area of residence, husband's level of education, younger age, and living in a wealthy status were strong predictors of lifetime history of breast cancer screening., Conclusions: This study elucidates that breast cancer screening mammography among Jordanian women has remained opportunistic and underutilized despite the efforts of national entities to promote screening and early detection of breast cancer., .: There is a geographic and social disparity in the utilization of mammography screening among Jordanian women.

Background: Despite the fact that breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among Jordanian women, practically nothing is known about their perceptions of early-stage breast cancer and surgical treatment., Objective: The objective of this study was to gain understanding of the diagnosis and surgical treatment experience of Jordanian women with a diagnosis of early-stage breast cancer., Methods: An interpretive phenomenological approach was used for this study. A purposive sample of 28 Jordanian women who were surgically treated for early-stage breast cancer within 6 months of the interview was recruited. Data were collected using individual interviews and analyzed using Heideggerian hermeneutical methodology., Results: Fear had a profound effect on Jordanian women's stories of diagnosis and surgical treatment of early-stage breast cancer. Women's experience with breast cancer and its treatment was shaped by their preexisting fear of breast cancer, the disparity in the quality of care at various healthcare institutions, and sociodemographic factors (eg, education, age)., Conclusions: Early after the diagnosis, fear was very strong, and women lost perspective of the fact that this disease was treatable and potentially curable. To control their fears, women unconditionally trusted God, the healthcare system, surgeons, family, friends, and/or neighbors and often accepted treatment offered by their surgeons without questioning., Implications for Practice: Jordanian healthcare providers have a responsibility to listen to their patients, explore meanings they ascribe to their illness, and provide women with proper education and the support necessary to help them cope with their illness.