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This study employs the Sol-gel auto-combustion technique to synthesize NiFe2O4 and CoFe2O4 ferrite samples, which are subsequently evaluated for their gamma-ray shielding properties. The evaluation involves both experimental and theoretical approaches, utilizing various gamma-ray sources and a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector, as well as the Phy-X/PSD Software program. A comparative analysis of critical gamma-ray shielding parameters—such as the linear attenuation coefficient (µ), mass attenuation coefficient (µ/ρ), Half and Tenth value layers (HVL, TVL), and Mean Free Path (MFP)— is carried out across an energy spectrum ranging from 122 to 1330 keV, utilizing the Phy-X/PSD Software program. The experimental results closely align with the theoretically calculated values, demonstrating the potential of these newly developed nanoparticles to significantly enhance gamma-ray radiation shielding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple low-cost approach at various exposure times was utilized to generate cold plasma in the aim to fabricate AuNPs. UV-Visible spectra and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the nanoparticles (XRD). Surface Plasmon resonance was observed in the synthesized AuNPs at 530, 540, and 533 nm. For all samples, the patterns of XRD show very intensive peaks implying the fcc crystalline structure of AuNPs. The average crystallite size of AuNPs is ranging between 20-30 nm. The observation of morphology by FESEM revealed the spherical formation of AuNPs. Doses of 100 and 200 ppm of AuNPs were adapted to investigate their effect on the blood-mixture with and without a 20-second of cold plasma exposure. The WBC components in the blood rose as the AuNPs doses increased, whereas, the amount of (pt) in the blood fell down throughout the two weeks of AuNPs doses for the groups which exposed to AuNPs only, the level of (pt) in the blood increased in the groups which are exposed to AuNPs combined with cold plasma. While the RBC unaffected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The removal of chromium ions was given attention because it was a dangerous pollutant to the environment. The chromium ions wastewater was studied by electrocoagulation method. In this research details with the influence of some variables on the removal of chromium ions using electrochemical technique. The test system was electrochemical reactor to know value of the chromium ions concentrations in wastewater to calculate its removal efficiency. The performance of the batch reactor for the chromium ion removal was determined by changing the values of voltage, temperature and chromium ion concentrations, where the behavior of the aluminum electrodes after the removal process. An aluminum electrodes are used in the electrocoagulation method for removal of chromium ions and an electrochemical system was designed to test three major factors that affect the removal process; applied voltage 10, 20 and 30v, temperatures 20, 30, 40 and 50°C, current density 0.5, 1.5, 3 and 5 mA/cm2 and pH is 1, 4, 7, 10 and 12. In this study, the removal efficiency increases with the increasing of the applied voltage and current density (i) also the results showed that the efficacy of removal increased with increasing temperature but increased with increasing pH it at low pH values 1 to 7 and then decreased with increasing pH at high pH values 7 to 12. The results also show that the energy consumed increases with the increase in the reaction time, the maximum removal efficiency is 94.5 at T = 50°C, v = 40 volts, pH = 7 and i = 5 mA/cm2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]