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1. Coronal Heating as Determined by the Solar Flare Frequency Distribution Obtained by Aggregating Case Studies

Author

Mason, James Paul, Werth, Alexandra, West, Colin G., Youngblood, Allison A., Woodraska, Donald L., Peck, Courtney, Lacjak, Kevin, Frick, Florian G., Gabir, Moutamen, Alsinan, Reema A., Jacobsen, Thomas, Alrubaie, Mohammad, Chizmar, Kayla M., Lau, Benjamin P., Dominguez, Lizbeth Montoya, Price, David, Butler, Dylan R., Biron, Connor J., Feoktistov, Nikita, Dewey, Kai, Loomis, N. E., Bodzianowski, Michal, Kuybus, Connor, Dietrick, Henry, Wolfe, Aubrey M., Guerrero, Matt, Vinson, Jessica, Starbuck, Peter, Litton, Shelby D, Beck, M. G., Fisch, Jean-Paul, West, Ayana, Muniz, Alexis A., Chavez, Luis, Upthegrove, Zachary T., Runyon, Brenton M., Salazar, J., Kritzberg, Jake E., Murrel, Tyler, Ho, Ella, LaFemina, Quintin Y., Elbashir, Sara I., Chang, Ethan C., Hudson, Zachary A., Nussbaum, Rosemary O., Kennedy, Kellen, Kim, Kevin, Arango, Camila Villamil, Albakr, Mohammed A., Rotter, Michael, Garscadden, A. J., Salcido-Alcontar JR, Antonio, Pearl, Harrison M., Stepaniak, Tyler, Marquez, Josie A., Marsh, Lauren, Andringa, Jesse C, Osogwin, Austin, Shields, Amanda M., Brookins, Sarah, Hach, Grace K., Clausi, Alexis R., Millican, Emily B., Jaimes, Alan A, Graham, Alaina S., Burritt, John J., Perez, J. S., Ramirez, Nathaniel, Suri, Rohan, Myer, Michael S., Kresek, Zoe M., Goldsberry, C. A., Payne, Genevieve K., Jourabchi, Tara, Hu, J., Lucca, Jeffrey, Feng, Zitian, Gilpatrick, Connor B., Khan, Ibraheem A., Warble, Keenan, Sweeney, Joshua D., Dorricott, Philip, Meyer, Ethan, Kothamdi, Yash S., Sohail, Arman S., Grell, Kristyn, Floyd, Aidan, Bard, Titus, Mathieson, Randi M., Reed, Joseph, Cisneros, Alexis, Payne, Matthew P., Jarriel, J. R., Mora, Jacqueline Rodriguez, Sundell, M. E., Patel, Kajal, Alesmail, Mohammad, Alnasrallah, Yousef A, Abdullah, Jumana T., Molina-Saenz, Luis, Tayman, K. E., Brown, Gabriel T., Kerr-Layton, Liana, Berriman-Rozen, Zachary D., Hiatt, Quinn, Kalra, Etash, Ong, Jason, Vadayar, Shreenija, Shannahan, Callie D., Benke, Evan, zhang, Jinhua, Geisman, Jane, Martyr, Cara, Ameijenda, Federico, Akruwala, Ushmi H., Nehring, Molly, Kissner, Natalie, Rule, Ian C., Learned, Tyler, Smith, Alexandra N., Mazzotta, Liam, Rounsefell, Tyndall, Eyeson, Elizabeth A., Shelby, Arlee K., Moll, Tyler S, Menke, Riley, Shahba, Hannan, House Jr., Tony A., Clark, David B., Burns, Annemarie C., de La Beaujardiere, Tristan, Trautwein, Emily D., Plantz, Will, Reeves, Justin, Faber, Ian, Buxton, B. W., Highhouse, Nigel, Landrey, Kalin, Hansen, Connor M, Chen, Kevin, Hales, Ryder Buchanan, Borgerding, Luke R., Guo, Mutian, Crow, Christian J., Whittall, Lloyd C., Simmons, Conor, Folarin, Adeduni, Parkinson, Evan J., Rahn, Anna L., Blevins, Olivia, Morelock, Annalise M., Kelly, Nicholas, Parker, Nathan L., Smith, Kelly, Plzak, Audrey E., Saeb, David, Hares, Cameron T., Parker, Sasha R., McCoy, Andrew, Pham, Alexander V., Lauzon, Megan, Kennedy, Cayla J., Reyna, Andrea B., Acosta, Daniela M. Meza, Cool, Destiny J., Steinbarth, Sheen L., Mendoza-Anselmi, Patricia, Plutt, Kaitlyn E., Kipp, Isabel M, Rakhmonova, M., Brown, Cameron L., Van Anne, Gabreece, Moss, Alexander P., Golden, Olivia, Kirkpatrick, Hunter B., Colleran, Jake R., Sullivan, Brandon J, Tran, Kevin, Carpender, Michael Andrew, Mundy, Aria T., Koenig, Greta, Oudakker, Jessica, Engelhardt, Rasce, Ales, Nolan, Wexler, Ethan Benjamin, Beato, Quinn I, Chen, Lily, Cochran, Brooke, Hill, Paula, Hamilton, Sean R., Hashiro, Kyle, Khan, Usman, Martinez, Alexa M., Brockman, Jennifer L., Mallory, Macguire, Reed, Charlie, Terrile, Richard, Singh, Savi, Watson, James Adam, Creany, Joshua B., Price, Nicholas K., Miften, Aya M., Tran, Bryn, Kamenetskiy, Margaret, Martinez, Jose R., Opp, Elena N., Huang, Jianyang, Fails, Avery M., Belei, Brennan J., Slocum, Ryan, Astalos, Justin, East, Andrew, Nguyen, Lena P., Pherigo, Callie C, East, Andrew N., Li, David Y., Nelson, Maya LI, Taylor, Nicole, Odbayar, Anand, Rives, Anna Linnea, Mathur, Kabir P., Billingsley, Jacob, Polikoff, Hyden, Driscoll, Michael, Wilson, Orion K., Lahmers, Kyle, Toon, Nathaniel J., Lippincott, Sam, Musgrave, Andrew J., Gregory, Alannah H., Pitsuean-Meier, Sedique, Jesse, Trevor, Smith, Corey, Miles, Ethan J., Kainz, Sabrina J. 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L., Gomez, Angel A., Meiselman-Ashen, Jonah B., Carey, Luke, Dias, John S., Fischer-White, Jules, Forbes, Aidan E., Galarraga, Gabriela, Kennedy, Forrest, Lawlor, Rian, Murphy, Maxwell J., Norris, Cooper, Quarderer, Josh, Waller, Caroline, Weber, Robert J., Gunderson, Nicole, Boyne, Tom, Gregory, Joshua A., Propper, Henry Austin, von Peccoz, Charles B. Beck, Branch, Donovan, Clarke, Evelyn, Cutler, Libby, Dabberdt, Frederick M., Das, Swagatam, Figueirinhas, John Alfred D., Fougere, Benjamin L., Roy, Zoe A., Zhao, Noah Y., Cox, Corben L., Barnhart, Logan D. W., Craig, Wilmsen B., Moll, Hayden, Pohle, Kyle, Mueller, Alexander, Smith, Elena K., Spicer, Benjamin C., Aycock, Matthew C., Bat-Ulzii, Batchimeg, Murphy, Madalyn C., Altokhais, Abdullah, Thornally, Noah R., Kleinhaus, Olivia R., Sarfaraz, Darian, Barnes, Grant M., Beard, Sara, Banda, David J, Davis, Emma A. B., Huebsch, Tyler J., Wagoner, Michaela, Griego, Justus, Hale, Jack J. 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V., Recchia, John C., Lengerich, Dylan, Taulman, Kyle, Romero, Andres C., Steward, Ellie N., Russell, Sloan, Hardwick, Dillon F., Wootten, Katelynn, Nguyen, Valerie A., Quispe, Devon, Ragsdale, Cameron, Young, Isabel, Atchley-Rivers, N. S., Stribling, Jordin L., Gentile, Julia G, Boeyink, Taylor A., Kwiatkowski, Daniel, Dupeyron, Tomi Oshima, Crews, Anastasia, Shuttleworth, Mitchell, Dresdner, Danielle C., Flackett, Lydia, Haratsaris, Nicholas, Linger, Morgan I, Misener, Jay H., Patti, Samuel, Pine, Tawanchai P., Marikar, Nasreen, Matessi, Giorgio, Routledge, Allie C., Alkaabi, Suhail, Bartman, Jessica L., Bisacca, Gabrielle E., Busch, Celeste, Edwards, Bree, Staudenmier, Caitlyn, Starling, Travis, McVey, Caden, Montano, Maximus, Contizano, Charles J., Taylor, Eleanor, McIntyre, James K., Victory, Andrew, McCammon, Glen S., Kimlicko, Aspen, Sheldrake, Tucker, Shelchuk, Grace, Von Reich, Ferin J., Hicks, Andrew J., O'neill, Ian, Rossman, Beth, Taylor, Liam C., MacDonald, William, Becker, Simone E., Han, Soonhee, O'Sullivan, Cian, Wilcove, Isaac, Brennan, David J., Hanley, Luke C., Hull, Owen, Wilson, Timothy R., Kalmus, Madison H., Berv, Owen A., Harris, Logan Swous, Doan, Chris H, Londres, Nathan, Parulekar, Anish, Adam, Megan M., Angwin, Abigail, Cabbage, Carter C., Colleran, Zachary, Pietras, Alex, Seux, Octave, Oros, Ryan, Wilkinson, Blake C., Nguyen, Khoa D, Trank-Greene, Maedee, Barone, Kevin M., Snyder, G. L., Biehle, Samuel J, Billig, Brennen, Almquist, Justin Thomas, Dixon, Alyssa M., Erickson, Benjamin, Evans, Nathan, Genne, SL, Kelly, Christopher M, Marcus, Serafima M., Ogle, Caleb, Patel, Akhil, Vendetti, Evan, Courtney, Olivia, Deel, Sean, Del Foco, Leonardo, Gjini, Michael, Haines, Jessica, Hoff, Isabelle J., Jones, M. R., Killian, Dominic, Kuehl, Kirsten, Kuester, Chrisanne, Lantz, Maxwell B., Lee, Christian J, Mauer, Graham, McKemey, Finbar K., Millican, Sarah J., Rosasco, Ryan, Stewart, T. C., VanEtten, Eleanor, Derwin, Zachary, Serio, Lauren, Sickler, Molly G., Blake, Cassidy A., Patel, Neil S., Fox, Margaret, Gray, Michael J, Ziegler, Lucas J., Kumar, Aman Priyadarshi, Polly, Madelyn, Mesgina, Sarah, McMorris, Zane, Griffin, Kyle J., Haile, L. N., Bassel, Claire, Dixon, Thomas J., Beattie, Ryan, Houck, Timothy J, Rodgers, Maeve, Trofino, Tyson R., Lukianow, Dax, Smart, Korben, Hall, Jacqueline L., Bone, Lauren, Baldwin, James O., Doane, Connor, Almohsen, Yousef A., Stamos, Emily, Acha, Iker, Kim, Jake, Samour II, Antonio E., Chavali, S., Kanokthippayakun, Jeerakit, Gotlib, Nicholas, Murphy, Ryan C., Archibald, Jack. W., Brimhall, Alexander J, Boyer, Aidan, Chapman, Logan T., Chadda, Shivank, Sibrell, Lisa, Vallery, Mia M., Conroy, Thomas C., Pan, Luke J., Balajonda, Brian, Fuhrman, Bethany E. S., Alkubaisi, Mohamed, Engelstad, Jacob, Dodrill, Joshua, Fuchs, Calvin R., Bullard-Connor, Gigi, Alhuseini, Isehaq, Zygmunt, James C., Sipowicz, Leo, Hayrynen, Griffin A., McGill, Riley M., Keating, Caden J., Hart, Omer, Cyr, Aidan St., Steinsberger, Christopher H., Thoman, Gerig, Wood, Travis M., Ingram, Julia A., Dominguez, J., Georgiades, Nathaniel James, Johnson, Matthew, Johnson, Sawyer, Pedersen, Alexander J., Ralapanawe, Anoush K, Thomas, Jeffrey J., Sato, Ginn A., Reynolds, Hope, Nasser, Liebe, Mizzi, Alexander Z., Damgaard, Olivia, Baflah, Abdulrahman A., Liu, Steven Y., Salindeho, Adam D., Norden, Kelso, Gearhart, Emily E., Krajnak, Zack, Szeremeta, Philip, Amos, Meggan, Shin, Kyungeun, Muckenthaler, Brandon A., Medialdea, Melissa, Beach, Simone, Wilson, Connor B., Adams, Elena R, Aldhamen, Ahmed, Harris, Coyle M., Hesse, Troy M., Golding, Nathan T., Larter, Zachary, Hernandez, Angel, Morales, Genaro, Traxler, Robert B., Alosaimi, Meshal, Fitton, Aidan F., Aaron, James Holland, Lee, Nathaniel F., Liao, Ryan Z., Chen, Judy, French, Katherine V., Loring, Justin, Colter, Aurora, McConvey, Rowan, Colozzi, Michael, Vann, John D., Scheck, Benjamin T., Weigand, Anthony A, Alhabeeb, Abdulelah, Idoine, Yolande, Woodard, Aiden L., Medellin, Mateo M., Ratajczyk, Nicholas O, Tobin, Darien P., Collins, Jack C., Horning, Thomas M., Pellatz, Nick, Pitten, John, Lordi, Noah, Patterson, Alyx, Hoang, Thi D, Zimmermann, Ingrid H, Wang, Hongda, Steckhahn, Daniel, Aradhya, Arvind J., Oliver, Kristin A., Cai, Yijian, Wang, Chaoran, Yegovtsev, Nikolay, Wu, Mengyu, Ganesan, Koushik, Osborne, Andrew, Wickenden, Evan, Meyer, Josephine C., Chaparro, David, Visal, Aseem, Liu, Haixin, Menon, Thanmay S., Jin, Yan, Wilson, John, Erikson, James W., Luo, Zheng, Shitara, Nanako, Nelson, Emma E, Geerdts, T. R., Ortiz, Jorge L Ramirez, and Lewandowski, H. J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Flare frequency distributions represent a key approach to addressing one of the largest problems in solar and stellar physics: determining the mechanism that counter-intuitively heats coronae to temperatures that are orders of magnitude hotter than the corresponding photospheres. It is widely accepted that the magnetic field is responsible for the heating, but there are two competing mechanisms that could explain it: nanoflares or Alfv\'en waves. To date, neither can be directly observed. Nanoflares are, by definition, extremely small, but their aggregate energy release could represent a substantial heating mechanism, presuming they are sufficiently abundant. One way to test this presumption is via the flare frequency distribution, which describes how often flares of various energies occur. If the slope of the power law fitting the flare frequency distribution is above a critical threshold, $\alpha=2$ as established in prior literature, then there should be a sufficient abundance of nanoflares to explain coronal heating. We performed $>$600 case studies of solar flares, made possible by an unprecedented number of data analysts via three semesters of an undergraduate physics laboratory course. This allowed us to include two crucial, but nontrivial, analysis methods: pre-flare baseline subtraction and computation of the flare energy, which requires determining flare start and stop times. We aggregated the results of these analyses into a statistical study to determine that $\alpha = 1.63 \pm 0.03$. This is below the critical threshold, suggesting that Alfv\'en waves are an important driver of coronal heating., Comment: 1,002 authors, 14 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, published by The Astrophysical Journal on 2023-05-09, volume 948, page 71

Published
2023
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2. Endoscopic tumour morphology impacts survival in adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus

Author

Fitzgerald, R.C., Noorani, A., Edwards, P.A.W., Grehan, N., Nutzinger, B., Hughes, C., Fidziukiewicz, E., MacRae, S., Northrop, A., Contino, G., Li, X., de la Rue, R., Katz-Summercorn, A., Abbas, S., Loureda, D., O'Donovan, M., Miremadi, A., Malhotra, S., Tripathi, M., Tavaré, S., Lynch, A.G., Eldridge, M., Secrier, M., Devonshire, G., Perner, J., Jammula, S., Davies, J., Crichton, C., Carroll, N., Safranek, P., Hindmarsh, A., Sujendran, V., Hayes, S.J., Ang, Y., Sharrocks, A., Preston, S.R., Oakes, S., Bagwan, I., Save, V., Skipworth, R.J.E., Hupp, T.R., O'Neill, J.R., Tucker, O., Beggs, A., Taniere, P., Puig, S., Underwood, T.J., Walker, R.C., Grace, B.L., Barr, H., Shepherd, N., Old, O., Lagergren, J., Davies, A., Chang, F., Goh, V., Ciccarelli, F.D., Sanders, G., Berrisford, R., Harden, C., Lewis, M., Cheong, E., Kumar, B., Parsons, S.L., Soomro, I., Kaye, P., Saunders, J., Lovat, L., Haidry, R., Igali, L., Scott, M., Sothi, S., Suortamo, S., Lishman, S., Hanna, G.B., Moorthy, K., Peters, C.J., Grabowska, A., Turkington, R., McManus, D., Coleman, H., Khoo, D., Fickling, W., Knight, William R.C., McEwen, Ricardo, Byrne, Ben E., Habib, Wais, Bott, Rebecca, Zylstra, Janine, Mahadeva, Ula, and Gossage, James A.

Published
2020
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3. Nonleptonic two-body charmed meson decays in an effective model for their semileptonic decays

Author

Bajc, B., Oakes, S. Fajfer R. J., and Prelovšek, S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We analyze $D \to P V$, $D \to PP$ and $D \to VV$ decays within a model developed to describe the semileptonic decays $D \to V l \nu_l$ and $D\to P l \nu_l$. This model combines the heavy quark effective Lagrangian and chiral perturbation theory. We determine amplitudes for decays in which the direct weak annihilation of the initial $D$ meson is absent or negligible, and in which the final state interactions are small. This analysis reduces the arbitrariness in the choice of model parameters. The calculated decay widths are in good agreement with the experimental results., Comment: 25 pages, Latex, 3 Figures

Published
1997
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4. Coronal Heating as Determined by the Solar Flare Frequency Distribution Obtained by Aggregating Case Studies

Author

Mason, James Paul, primary, Werth, Alexandra, additional, West, Colin G., additional, Youngblood, Allison, additional, Woodraska, Donald L., additional, Peck, Courtney L., additional, Aradhya, Arvind J., additional, Cai, Yijian, additional, Chaparro, David, additional, Erikson, James W., additional, Ganesan, Koushik, additional, Geerdts, T. R., additional, Hoang, Thi D, additional, Horning, Thomas M., additional, Jin, Yan, additional, Liu, Haixin, additional, Lordi, Noah, additional, Luo, Zheng, additional, Menon, Thanmay S., additional, Meyer, Josephine C., additional, Nelson, Emma E, additional, Oliver, Kristin A., additional, Ramirez Ortiz, Jorge L, additional, Osborne, Andrew, additional, Patterson, Alyx, additional, Pellatz, Nick, additional, Pitten, John, additional, Shitara, Nanako, additional, Steckhahn, Daniel, additional, Visal, Aseem, additional, Wang, Hongda, additional, Wang, Chaoran, additional, Wickenden, Evan, additional, Wilson, John, additional, Wu, Mengyu, additional, Yegovtsev, Nikolay, additional, Zimmermann, Ingrid H, additional, Aaron, James Holland, additional, Abdullah, Jumana T., additional, Abrams, Jonathan M., additional, Abrashoff, Riley, additional, Acevedo, Andres B., additional, Acha, Iker, additional, Meza Acosta, Daniela M., additional, Adam, Megan M., additional, Adams, Dante Q., additional, Adams, Kalvyn N, additional, Adams, Elena R, additional, Akbar, Zainab A., additional, Akruwala, Ushmi H., additional, Al-Ghazwi, Adel, additional, Alabbas, Batool H., additional, Alawadhi, Areej A., additional, Alharbi, Yazeed A., additional, Alahmed, Mohammed S., additional, Albakr, Mohammed A., additional, Albalushi, Yusef J., additional, Albaum, Jonathan, additional, Aldhamen, Ahmed, additional, Ales, Nolan, additional, Alesmail, Mohammad, additional, Alhabeeb, Abdulelah, additional, Alhamli, Dania, additional, Alhuseini, Isehaq, additional, Alkaabi, Suhail, additional, Alkhezzi, Tameem, additional, Alkubaisi, Mohamed, additional, Allanqawi, Nasser, additional, Allsbrook, Martin, additional, Almohsen, Yousef A., additional, Almquist, Justin Thomas, additional, Alnaji, Teeb, additional, Alnasrallah, Yousef A, additional, Alonzi, Nicholas, additional, Alosaimi, Meshal, additional, Alqabani, Emeen, additional, Alrubaie, Mohammad, additional, Alsinan, Reema A., additional, Altenbern, Ava L., additional, Altokhais, Abdullah, additional, Alyami, Saleh A., additional, Ameijenda, Federico, additional, Amer, Hamzi, additional, Amos, Meggan, additional, Anderson, Hunter J., additional, Andrew, Carter, additional, Andringa, Jesse C, additional, Angwin, Abigail, additional, Van Anne, Gabreece, additional, Aramians, Andrew, additional, Arango, Camila Villamil, additional, Archibald, Jack. W., additional, Arias-Robles, Brian A., additional, Aryan, Maryam, additional, Ash, Kevin, additional, Astalos, Justin, additional, Atchley-Rivers, N. S., additional, Augenstein, Dakota N., additional, Austin, Bryce W., additional, Avula, Abhinav, additional, Aycock, Matthew C., additional, Baflah, Abdulrahman A., additional, Balaji, Sahana, additional, Balajonda, Brian, additional, Balcer, Leo M, additional, Baldwin, James O., additional, Banda, David J, additional, Bard, Titus, additional, Barmore, Abby, additional, Barnes, Grant M., additional, Barnhart, Logan D. W., additional, Barone, Kevin M., additional, Bartman, Jessica L., additional, Bassel, Claire, additional, Bastias, Catalina S, additional, Bat-Ulzii, Batchimeg, additional, Batra, Jasleen, additional, Battist, Lexi, additional, Bay, Joshua, additional, Beach, Simone, additional, Beard, Sara, additional, Beato, Quinn I, additional, Beattie, Ryan, additional, Beatty, Thomas, additional, De La Beaujardiere, Tristan, additional, Beauprez, Jacob N., additional, Beck, M. G., additional, Beck, Lily, additional, Becker, Simone E., additional, Behr, Braden, additional, Behrer, Timothy A., additional, Beijer, Joshua, additional, Belei, Brennan J., additional, Belknap, Annelene L., additional, Bell, Aislyn, additional, Bence, Caden, additional, Benke, Evan, additional, Berhanu, Naomi, additional, Berriman-Rozen, Zachary D., additional, Bertuccio, Chrisanna, additional, Berv, Owen A., additional, Biediger, Blaine B., additional, Biehle, Samuel J, additional, Billig, Brennen, additional, Billingsley, Jacob, additional, Billman, Jayce A., additional, Biron, Connor J., additional, Bisacca, Gabrielle E., additional, Blake, Cassidy A., additional, Blandon, Guillermo, additional, Blevins, Olivia, additional, Blouin, Ethan, additional, Bodzianowski, Michal, additional, Boeyink, Taylor A., additional, Bondar, Matthew, additional, Bone, Lauren, additional, De Los Monteros Bonilla, Alberto Espinosa, additional, Borelli, William T, additional, Borgerding, Luke R., additional, Bowen, Troy, additional, Boyer, Christine, additional, Boyer, Aidan, additional, Boyle, Aidan P., additional, Boyne, Tom, additional, Branch, Donovan, additional, Brecl, Ariana E., additional, Brennan, David J., additional, Brimhall, Alexander J, additional, Brockman, Jennifer L., additional, Brookins, Sarah, additional, Brown, Gabriel T., additional, Brown, Cameron L., additional, Brown, Ryan, additional, Brownlow, Jordi, additional, Brumage-Heller, Grant, additional, Brumley, Preston J., additional, Bryan, Samuel, additional, Brzostowicz, A., additional, Buhamad, Maryam, additional, Bullard-Connor, Gigi, additional, Bunsow, J. R. Ramirez, additional, Burns, Annemarie C., additional, Burritt, John J., additional, Burton, Nicholas David, additional, Burton, Taylor, additional, Busch, Celeste, additional, Butler, Dylan R., additional, Buxton, B. W., additional, C. Toups, Malena, additional, Cabbage, Carter C., additional, Cage, Breonna, additional, Cahn, Jackson R., additional, Campbell, Andrew J, additional, Canales, Braden P., additional, Cancio, Alejandro R., additional, Carey, Luke, additional, Carillion, Emma L., additional, Carpender, Michael Andrew, additional, Carpenter, Emily, additional, Chadda, Shivank, additional, Chambers, Paige, additional, Chanders, Jasey, additional, Chandler, Olivia M., additional, Chang, Ethan C., additional, Chapman, Mitchell G., additional, Chapman, Logan T., additional, Chavali, S., additional, Chavez, Luis, additional, Chen, Kevin, additional, Chen, Lily, additional, Chen, Sam, additional, Chen, Judy, additional, Chhetri, Jenisha, additional, Chiles, Bradyn, additional, Chizmar, Kayla M., additional, Christiansen, Katherine E, additional, Cisne, Nicholas A., additional, Cisneros, Alexis, additional, Clark, David B., additional, Clarke, Evelyn, additional, Clarkson, Peter C, additional, Clausi, Alexis R., additional, Cochran, Brooke, additional, Coe, Ryan W., additional, Coleman-Plante, Aislinn, additional, Colleran, Jake R., additional, Colleran, Zachary, additional, Collier, Curran, additional, Collins, Nathaniel A., additional, Collins, Sarah, additional, Collins, Jack C., additional, Colozzi, Michael, additional, Colter, Aurora, additional, Cone, Rebecca A., additional, Conroy, Thomas C., additional, Conti, Reese, additional, Contizano, Charles J., additional, Cool, Destiny J., additional, Cooper, Nicholas M., additional, Corbitt, Jessica S, additional, Courtney, Jonas, additional, Courtney, Olivia, additional, Cox, Corben L., additional, Craig, Wilmsen B., additional, Creany, Joshua B., additional, Crews, Anastasia, additional, Crocker, K. A., additional, Croteau, A. J., additional, Crow, Christian J., additional, Cruse, Zoe, additional, Cruz, Avril, additional, Curnow, Tyler L., additional, Current, Hayden, additional, Curry, Riley T., additional, Cutler, Libby, additional, Cyr, Aidan St., additional, Dabberdt, Frederick M., additional, Daboub, Johnston, additional, Damgaard, Olivia, additional, Das, Swagatam, additional, Davis, Emma A. B., additional, Debarros, Elyse, additional, Deel, Sean, additional, Delasantos, Megan E., additional, Deng, Tianyue, additional, Derwin, Zachary, additional, Desai, Om, additional, Dewey, Kai, additional, Dias, John S., additional, Dice, Kenzie A., additional, Dick, R., additional, Dicken, Cyrus A., additional, Dietrick, Henry, additional, Dinser, Alexis M., additional, Dixon, Alyssa M., additional, Dixon, Thomas J., additional, Do, Helen C., additional, Doan, Chris H, additional, Doane, Connor, additional, Dodrill, Joshua, additional, Doermer, Timothy, additional, Dominguez, Lizbeth Montoya, additional, Dominguez, J., additional, Domke, Emerson N., additional, Doran, Caroline R., additional, Dorr, Jackson A., additional, Dorricott, Philip, additional, Dresdner, Danielle C., additional, Driscoll, Michael, additional, Driscoll, Kailer H., additional, Duncan, Sheridan J., additional, Dunlap, Christian, additional, Dunn, Gabrielle M., additional, Duong, Tien Q., additional, Dupeyron, Tomi Oshima, additional, Dvorak, Peter, additional, East, Andrew, additional, East, Andrew N., additional, Edwards, Bree, additional, Ehrlich, Lauren, additional, Elbashir, Sara I., additional, Engelhardt, Rasce, additional, Engelstad, Jacob, additional, England, Colin, additional, Enrich, Andrew, additional, Erickson, Abbey, additional, Erickson, Benjamin, additional, Evans, Nathan, additional, Ewing, Calvin A, additional, Eyeson, Elizabeth A., additional, Faber, Ian, additional, Fails, Avery M., additional, Fauntleroy, John T, additional, Fell, Kevin, additional, Feng, Zitian, additional, Fenwick, Logan D., additional, Feoktistov, Nikita, additional, Fife, Ryann, additional, D. Figueirinhas, John Alfred, additional, Fisch, Jean-Paul, additional, Fischer, Emmalee, additional, Fischer-White, Jules, additional, Fitton, Aidan F., additional, Fix, Alexander, additional, Flackett, Lydia, additional, Flores, Fernando, additional, Floyd, Aidan, additional, Del Foco, Leonardo, additional, Folarin, Adeduni, additional, Forbes, Aidan E., additional, Fortino, Elise, additional, Fougere, Benjamin L., additional, Fowler, Alexandra A., additional, Fox, Margaret, additional, French, James M., additional, French, Katherine V., additional, Frick, Florian G., additional, Fuchs, Calvin R., additional, Fuhrman, Bethany E. S., additional, Furney, Sebastian, additional, Gabir, Moutamen, additional, Galarraga, Gabriela, additional, Gale, Skylar, additional, Gapin, Keala C., additional, Garscadden, A. J., additional, Gasser, Rachel, additional, Gayou, Lily, additional, Gearhart, Emily E., additional, Geisman, Jane, additional, Geneser, Julianne R., additional, Genne, Sl, additional, Gentile, Julia G, additional, Gentry, Eleanor, additional, George, Jacob D., additional, Georgiades, Nathaniel James, additional, Gerhardstein, Phillip, additional, Gersabeck, Clint, additional, Ghaith, Bandar Abu, additional, Ghiassi, Dorsa, additional, Giebner, B. C., additional, Gilmartin, Dalton, additional, Gilpatrick, Connor B., additional, Gjini, Michael, additional, Golden, Olivia, additional, Golding, Nathan T., additional, Goldsberry, C. A., additional, Gomez, Angel R., additional, Gomez, Angel A., additional, Gopalakrishnan, Sean, additional, Gopalani, Mariam, additional, Gotlib, Nicholas, additional, Graham, Alaina S., additional, Gray, Michael J, additional, Gregory, Alannah H., additional, Gregory, Joshua A., additional, Grell, Kristyn, additional, Griego, Justus, additional, Griffin, Nicholas F., additional, Griffin, Kyle J., additional, Guerrero, Matt, additional, Gunderson, Nicole, additional, Guo, Mutian, additional, Gustavsson, E. R., additional, Hach, Grace K., additional, Haile, L. N., additional, Haines, Jessica, additional, Mc Hale, Jack J., additional, Hales, Ryder Buchanan, additional, Haley, Mark S., additional, Hall, Jacqueline L., additional, Hamilton, Sean R., additional, Han, Soonhee, additional, Hand, Tyler, additional, Hanley, Luke C., additional, Hansen, Connor M, additional, Hansen, Joshua A., additional, Hansson, Jonathan, additional, Hao, Tony Yunfei, additional, Haratsaris, Nicholas, additional, Hardie, Isabelle, additional, Hardwick, Dillon F., additional, Hares, Cameron T., additional, Harris, Logan Swous, additional, Harris, Coyle M., additional, Hart, Omer, additional, Hashiro, Kyle, additional, Hattendorf, Elsie, additional, Haubrich, Calder, additional, Hawat, Elijah, additional, Hayrynen, Griffin A., additional, Heintz, Danielle A., additional, Hellweg, Tim, additional, Hernandez, Angel, additional, Herrera, Emanuel, additional, Herrington, Robert N., additional, Herwig, Tim, additional, Hesse, Troy M., additional, Hiatt, Quinn, additional, Hibbard, Lea Pearl, additional, Hicks, Imari R., additional, Hicks, Andrew J., additional, Highhouse, Nigel, additional, Hildebrand, Annalise K., additional, Hill, Paula, additional, Hill, Hallie, additional, Hintsa, Evan, additional, Hirschmann, Anna E., additional, Hitt, Travis, additional, Ho, Ella, additional, Hoff, Isabelle J., additional, Hoffman, Alex, additional, Hogen, Blake A., additional, Horne, Linda, additional, Houck, Timothy J, additional, Howell, Noah H., additional, Hrudka, E. M., additional, Hu, J., additional, Huang, Jianyang, additional, Huang, Chenqi, additional, Huang, Shancheng, additional, Hudson, Zachary A., additional, Hudson, Nathan C., additional, Huebsch, Tyler J., additional, Hull, Owen, additional, Hunter, Samuel C, additional, Husted, Troy, additional, Hutabarat, Abigail P., additional, Huynh, Leslie, additional, Samour Ii, Antonio E., additional, Idoine, Yolande, additional, Ingram, Julia A., additional, Iovan, Taro, additional, Isert, Samuel A., additional, Salcido-Alcontar, Antonio, additional, Jacobsen, Thomas, additional, Jaimes, Alan A, additional, Jameson, Connor, additional, Jarriel, J. R., additional, Jarvis, Sam, additional, Jenkins, Josh, additional, Jensen, Alexander V., additional, Jeong, Jacob, additional, Jeseritz, Luke A., additional, Jesse, Trevor, additional, Ji, Soo Yeun, additional, Jiang, Yufan, additional, Johnson, Owen, additional, Johnson, Matthew, additional, Johnson, Sawyer, additional, Johnston, Julia, additional, Johnston, Braedon Y., additional, Jones, Olivia M., additional, Jones, M. R., additional, Jourabchi, Tara, additional, House, Tony A., additional, Juels, Parker, additional, T. Kainz, Sabrina J. H., additional, Kaiser, Emily, additional, Kallemeyn, Nicolas Ian, additional, Kalmus, Madison H., additional, Kalra, Etash, additional, Kamenetskiy, Margaret, additional, Kanokthippayakun, Jeerakit, additional, Kapla, Shaun D., additional, Karsh, Brennan J., additional, Keating, Caden J., additional, Kelley, Morgan A., additional, Kelley, Michael P., additional, Kelly, Nicholas, additional, Kelly, James, additional, Kelly, Teagan, additional, Kelly, Christopher M, additional, Kennedy, Kellen, additional, Kennedy, Cayla J., additional, Kennedy, Forrest, additional, Kennedy, Abigail, additional, Kerr-Layton, Liana, additional, Ketterer, Marilyn, additional, Khan, Ibraheem A., additional, Khan, Usman, additional, Khanal, Sapriya, additional, Kiechlin, Jack L., additional, Killian, Dominic, additional, Kim, Kevin, additional, Kim, Brian T., additional, Kim, Matthew M., additional, Kim, Jake, additional, Kimlicko, Aspen, additional, Kipp, Isabel M, additional, Kirkpatrick, Hunter B., additional, Kissner, Natalie, additional, Kite, Emily R., additional, Kleinhaus, Olivia R., additional, Knott, Philip Whiting, additional, Koch, Will, additional, Koenig, Greta, additional, Koke, Emily, additional, Kokes, Thomas, additional, Kothamdi, Yash S., additional, Krajnak, Zack, additional, Kresek, Zoe M., additional, Kriegman, Dylan, additional, Kritzberg, Jake E., additional, Krueger, Davis J., additional, Kubiak, Bartlomiej, additional, Kuehl, Kirsten, additional, Kuester, Chrisanne, additional, Kuiper, Nicolas A., additional, Kumar, Aman Priyadarshi, additional, Kuybus, Connor, additional, Kwiatkowski, Daniel, additional, Lafemina, Quintin Y., additional, Lacjak, Kevin, additional, Lahmers, Kyle, additional, Lam, Antonia, additional, Landrey, Kalin, additional, Lantz, Maxwell B., additional, Larter, Zachary, additional, Lau, Benjamin P., additional, Lauzon, Megan, additional, Lawlor, Rian, additional, Learned, Tyler, additional, Lee, E. C., additional, Lee, Junwon, additional, Lee, Adrianna J., additional, Lee, Justin, additional, Lee, Alexis Ying-Shan, additional, Lee, Christian J, additional, Lee, Nathaniel F., additional, Leiker, Linzhi, additional, Lengerich, Dylan, additional, Leoni, Cecilia, additional, Lezak, Adrienne R., additional, Li, David Y., additional, Li, Isaac, additional, Liao, Ryan Z., additional, Linders, Bridget, additional, Linger, Morgan I, additional, Linnane, Katherine B., additional, Lippincott, Sam, additional, Lister, Barrett, additional, Litton, Shelby D, additional, Liu, Nianzi, additional, Liu, Steven Y., additional, Logan, Timothy W., additional, Londres, Nathan, additional, Lonergan, Mia C., additional, Lookhoff, Emily, additional, Loomis, N. E., additional, Lopez, Christian, additional, Loring, Justin, additional, Lucca, Jeffrey, additional, Lukianow, Dax, additional, M. Cheang, Nathan, additional, Macdonald, William, additional, Madonna, Claire A., additional, Madsen, Kasey O., additional, Maksimuk, Tiffany E., additional, Mallory, Macguire, additional, Malone, Ryan A., additional, Maly, Blake, additional, Manzanares, Xander R., additional, Maravi, Aimee S., additional, Marcus, Serafima M., additional, Marikar, Nasreen, additional, Marquez, Josie A., additional, Marquez, Mathew J., additional, Marsh, Lauren, additional, Marsh, Toni, additional, Martin, Logan S., additional, Martinez, Alexa M., additional, Martinez, Jose R., additional, Martinez, Hazelia K., additional, Martyr, Cara, additional, Masri, Mirna, additional, Matessi, Giorgio, additional, Khan Mohd Reduan Mathavan, Adam Izz, additional, Mathieson, Randi M., additional, Mathur, Kabir P., additional, Mauer, Graham, additional, Mayer, Victoria A., additional, Mazzotta, Liam, additional, Mccammon, Glen S., additional, Mcconvey, Rowan, additional, Mccormick, Tyler, additional, Mccoy, Andrew, additional, Mcentee, Kelleen, additional, Mcgarvey, Meaghan V., additional, Mcgill, Riley M., additional, Mcintyre, James K., additional, Mckemey, Finbar K., additional, Mcmorris, Zane, additional, Mcmullan, Jesse J., additional, Mcquaid, Ella, additional, Mcvey, Caden, additional, Mccurry, Kyle, additional, Medellin, Mateo M., additional, Medialdea, Melissa, additional, Mehidic, Amar, additional, Meillon, Stella, additional, Meiselman-Ashen, Jonah B., additional, Mellett, Sarah, additional, Menassa, Dominic, additional, Mendez, Citlali, additional, Mendoza-Anselmi, Patricia, additional, Menke, Riley, additional, Mesgina, Sarah, additional, Mewhirter, William J., additional, Meyer, Ethan, additional, Miften, Aya M., additional, Miles, Ethan J., additional, Miller, Andrew, additional, Miller, Joshua B., additional, Millican, Emily B., additional, Millican, Sarah J., additional, Mills, Dylan P., additional, Minimo, Josh, additional, Misener, Jay H., additional, Mitchell, Alexander J., additional, Mizzi, Alexander Z., additional, Molina-Saenz, Luis, additional, Moll, Tyler S, additional, Moll, Hayden, additional, Montano, Maximus, additional, Montoya, Michael, additional, Monyek, Eli, additional, Mora, Jacqueline Rodriguez, additional, Morales, Gavin, additional, Morales, Genaro, additional, Morelock, Annalise M., additional, Morency, Cora, additional, Moreno, Angel J., additional, Morgan, Remy, additional, Moss, Alexander P., additional, Muckenthaler, Brandon A., additional, Mueller, Alexander, additional, Mulcahy, Owen T., additional, Mundy, Aria T., additional, Muniz, Alexis A., additional, Murphy, Maxwell J., additional, Murphy, Madalyn C., additional, Murphy, Ryan C., additional, Murrel, Tyler, additional, Musgrave, Andrew J., additional, Myer, Michael S., additional, Nandu, Kshmya, additional, Napoletano, Elena R., additional, Naqi, Abdulaziz, additional, Narayan, Anoothi, additional, Nasser, Liebe, additional, Neeland, Brenna K, additional, Nehring, Molly, additional, Nelson, Maya Li, additional, Nguyen, Lena P., additional, Nguyen, Lena, additional, Nguyen, Leonardo, additional, Nguyen, Valerie A., additional, Nguyen, Khoa D, additional, Norden, Kelso, additional, Norris, Cooper, additional, Nunes-Valdes, Dario, additional, Nussbaum, Rosemary O., additional, O’Sullivan, Cian, additional, O’Neill, Ian, additional, Oakes, S. H., additional, Odbayar, Anand, additional, Ogle, Caleb, additional, Oishi-Holder, Sean, additional, Olguin, Nicholas, additional, Olson, Nathaniel P., additional, Ong, Jason, additional, Opp, Elena N., additional, Orbidan, Dan, additional, Oros, Ryan, additional, Ort, Althea E., additional, Osborn, Matthew, additional, Osogwin, Austin, additional, Otto, Grant, additional, Oudakker, Jessica, additional, Overchuk, Igor, additional, Padgette, Hannah M., additional, Padilla, Jacqueline, additional, Palizzi, Mallory, additional, Palmgren, Madeleine L., additional, Palos, Adler, additional, Pan, Luke J., additional, Parker, Nathan L., additional, Parker, Sasha R., additional, Parkinson, Evan J., additional, Parulekar, Anish, additional, Pastor, Paige J., additional, Patel, Kajal, additional, Patel, Akhil, additional, Patel, Neil S., additional, Patti, Samuel, additional, Patton, Catherine, additional, Payne, Genevieve K., additional, Payne, Matthew P., additional, Pearl, Harrison M., additional, Beck Von Peccoz, Charles B., additional, Pedersen, Alexander J., additional, Pelster, Lily M., additional, Peou, Munisettha E., additional, Perez, J. S., additional, Perez, Freddy, additional, Pesce, Anneliese, additional, Petersen, Audrey J., additional, Peterson, B., additional, Petric, Romeo S. L., additional, Pettine, Joshua, additional, Phalen, Ethan J., additional, Pham, Alexander V., additional, Phan, Denise M., additional, Pherigo, Callie C, additional, Phillips, Lance, additional, Phillips, Justin, additional, Phommatha, Krista, additional, Pietras, Alex, additional, Pine, Tawanchai P., additional, Pitsuean-Meier, Sedique, additional, Pixley, Andrew M., additional, Plantz, Will, additional, Plummer, William C., additional, Plutt, Kaitlyn E., additional, Plzak, Audrey E., additional, Pohle, Kyle, additional, Polikoff, Hyden, additional, Pollard, Matthew, additional, Polly, Madelyn, additional, Porter, Trevor J., additional, Price, David, additional, Price, Nicholas K., additional, Prinster, Gale H., additional, Propper, Henry Austin, additional, Quarderer, Josh, additional, Quinn, Megan S., additional, Quinonez, Oliver, additional, Quispe, Devon, additional, Ragsdale, Cameron, additional, Rahn, Anna L., additional, Rakhmonova, M., additional, Ralapanawe, Anoush K, additional, Ramachandra, Nidhi, additional, Ramirez, Nathaniel, additional, Ramirez, Ariana C., additional, Ramirez, Sacha, additional, Randolph, Parker, additional, Ranjan, Anurag, additional, Rankin, Frederick C, additional, Rapaport, Sarah Grace, additional, Ratajczyk, Nicholas O, additional, Ray, Mia G. V., additional, Reagan, Brian D., additional, Recchia, John C., additional, Reddy, Brooklyn J., additional, Reed, Joseph, additional, Reed, Charlie, additional, Reeves, Justin, additional, Reh, Eileen N., additional, Von Reich, Ferin J., additional, Reyna, Andrea B., additional, Reynolds, Alexander, additional, Reynolds, Hope, additional, Rippel, Matthew, additional, Rivas, Guillermo A., additional, Rives, Anna Linnea, additional, Robert, Amanda M., additional, Robertson, Samuel M., additional, Rodgers, Maeve, additional, Rojec, Stewart, additional, Romero, Andres C., additional, Rosasco, Ryan, additional, Rossman, Beth, additional, Rotter, Michael, additional, Rounsefell, Tyndall, additional, Rouse, Charlotte, additional, Routledge, Allie C., additional, Roy, Marc G., additional, Roy, Zoe A., additional, Ruger, Ryan, additional, Ruggles-Delgado, Kendall, additional, Rule, Ian C., additional, Rumley, Madigan, additional, Runyon, Brenton M., additional, Ruprecht, Collin, additional, Russell, Bowman, additional, Russell, Sloan, additional, Ryder, Diana, additional, Saeb, David, additional, Salazar, J., additional, Salazar, Violeta, additional, Saldi, Maxwell, additional, Salgado, Jose A., additional, Salindeho, Adam D., additional, Sanchez, Ethan S., additional, Sanchez-Sanchez, Gustavo, additional, Sarfaraz, Darian, additional, Sarkar, Sucheta, additional, Sato, Ginn A., additional, Savage, Carl, additional, Schaller, Marcus T., additional, Scheck, Benjamin T., additional, Schlenker, Jared A. W., additional, Schofer, Matthew J, additional, Schubert, Stephanie H., additional, Schultze, Courtney, additional, Schumacher, Grace K, additional, Seglem, Kasper, additional, Serio, Lauren, additional, Seux, Octave, additional, Shahba, Hannan, additional, Shannahan, Callie D., additional, Sharma, Shajesh, additional, Shaver, Nathan, additional, Shaw, Timothy, additional, Shelby, Arlee K., additional, Shelby, Emma, additional, Shelchuk, Grace, additional, Sheldrake, Tucker, additional, Sherry, Daniel P., additional, Shi, Kyle Z., additional, Shields, Amanda M., additional, Shin, Kyungeun, additional, Shockley, Michael C., additional, Shoha, Dominick, additional, Shortman, Jadon, additional, Shuttleworth, Mitchell, additional, Sibrell, Lisa, additional, Sickler, Molly G., additional, Siles, Nathan, additional, Silvester, H. K., additional, Simmons, Conor, additional, Simone, Dylan M., additional, Simone, Anna, additional, Singh, Savi, additional, Singh, Maya A., additional, Sinkovic, Madeline, additional, Sipowicz, Leo, additional, Sjoroos, Chris, additional, Slocum, Ryan, additional, Slyne, Colin, additional, Smart, Korben, additional, Smith, Alexandra N., additional, Smith, Kelly, additional, Smith, Corey, additional, Smith, Elena K., additional, Smith, Samantha M., additional, Smith, Percy, additional, Smith, Trevor J, additional, Snyder, G. L., additional, Soby, Daniel A., additional, Sohail, Arman S., additional, Solorio, William J., additional, Solt, Lincoln, additional, Soon, Caitlin, additional, Spangler, Ava A, additional, Spicer, Benjamin C., additional, Srivastava, Ashish, additional, Stamos, Emily, additional, Starbuck, Peter, additional, Stark, Ethan K., additional, Starling, Travis, additional, Staudenmier, Caitlyn, additional, Steinbarth, Sheen L., additional, Steinsberger, Christopher H., additional, Stepaniak, Tyler, additional, Steward, Ellie N., additional, Stewart, Trey, additional, Stewart, T. C., additional, Stratmeyer, Cooper N., additional, Stratton, Grant L., additional, Stribling, Jordin L., additional, Sulaiman, S. A, additional, Sullivan, Brandon J, additional, Sundell, M. E., additional, Sur, Sohan N., additional, Suri, Rohan, additional, Swartz, Jason R., additional, Sweeney, Joshua D., additional, Syed, Konner, additional, Szabo, Emi, additional, Szeremeta, Philip, additional, Ta, Michael-Tan D., additional, Tanguma, Nolan C., additional, Taulman, Kyle, additional, Taylor, Nicole, additional, Taylor, Eleanor, additional, Taylor, Liam C., additional, Tayman, K. E., additional, Tellez, Yesica, additional, Terrile, Richard, additional, Tesdahl, Corey D, additional, Thielmann, Quinn N., additional, Thoman, Gerig, additional, Thomas, Daniel, additional, Thomas, Jeffrey J., additional, Thompson, William N., additional, Thornally, Noah R., additional, Tobin, Darien P., additional, Ton, Kelly, additional, Toon, Nathaniel J., additional, Tran, Kevin, additional, Tran, Bryn, additional, Trank-Greene, Maedee, additional, Trautwein, Emily D., additional, Traxler, Robert B., additional, Tressler, Judah, additional, Trofino, Tyson R., additional, Troisi, Thomas, additional, Trunko, Benjamin L., additional, Truong, Joshua K., additional, Tucker, Julia, additional, Umbricht, Thomas D, additional, Uphoff, C. H., additional, Upthegrove, Zachary T., additional, Vadayar, Shreenija, additional, Valencia, Whitney, additional, Vallery, Mia M., additional, Vanetten, Eleanor, additional, Vann, John D., additional, Varela, Ilian, additional, Vassilyev, Alexandr, additional, Vaver, Nicholas J., additional, Velamala, Anjali A., additional, Vendetti, Evan, additional, Venegas, Nancy Ortiz, additional, Vepa, Aditya V., additional, Vess, Marcus T., additional, Veta, Jenna S., additional, Victory, Andrew, additional, Vinson, Jessica, additional, Vogel, Connor Maklain, additional, Wagoner, Michaela, additional, Wallace, Steven P., additional, Wallace, Logan, additional, Waller, Caroline, additional, Wang, Jiawei, additional, Warble, Keenan, additional, Ward-Chene, N. R. D., additional, Watson, James Adam, additional, Weber, Robert J., additional, Wegner, Aidan B., additional, Weigand, Anthony A, additional, Weiner, Amanda M., additional, West, Ayana, additional, Wexler, Ethan Benjamin, additional, Wheeler, Nicola H., additional, White, Jamison R., additional, White, Zachary, additional, White, Oliver S., additional, Whittall, Lloyd C., additional, Wilcove, Isaac, additional, Wilkinson, Blake C., additional, Willard, John S., additional, Williams, Abigail K., additional, Williams, Sajan, additional, Wilson, Orion K., additional, Wilson, Evan M., additional, Wilson, Timothy R., additional, Wilson, Connor B., additional, Witkoff, Briahn, additional, Wolfe, Aubrey M., additional, Wolle, Jackson R., additional, Wood, Travis M., additional, Woodard, Aiden L., additional, Wootten, Katelynn, additional, Xiao, Catherine, additional, Yang, Jianing, additional, Yang, Zhanchao, additional, Young, Trenton J., additional, Young, Isabel, additional, Zenner, Thomas, additional, Zhang, Jiaqi, additional, Zhao, Tianwei, additional, Zhao, Tiannie, additional, Zhao, Noah Y., additional, Zhou, Chongrui, additional, Ziebold, Josh J, additional, Ziegler, Lucas J., additional, Zygmunt, James C., additional, Zhang, Jinhua, additional, and Lewandowski, H. J., additional

Published
2023
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7. Multicentre cohort study to define and validate pathological assessment of response to neoadjuvant therapy in oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma

Author

Noble, F., Lloyd, M. A., Turkington, R., Griffiths, E., OʼDonovan, M., OʼNeill, J. R., Mercer, S., Parsons, S. L., Fitzgerald, R. C., Underwood, T. J., Noorani, A., Fels Elliott, R., Abdullahi, Z., de la Rue, R., Bornschein, J., MacRae, S., Nutzinger, B., Grehan, N., Contino, G., Crawte, J., Edwards, P. A. W., Miremadi, A., Malhotra, S., Hayden, A., Walker, R., Peters, C., Hannah, G., Hardwick, R., Davies, J., Ford, H., Gilligan, D., Safranek, P., Hindmarsh, A., Sujendran, V., Carroll, N., McManus, D., Hayes, S. J., Ang, Y., Preston, S. R., Oakes, S., Bagwan, I., Skipworth, R. J. E., Save, V., Hupp, T. R., Puig, S., Bedford, M., Taniere, P., Whiting, J., Byrne, J., Kelly, J., Owsley, J., Crichton, C., Barr, H., Shepherd, N., Old, O., Lagergren, J., Gossage, J., Davies, A., Chang, F., Zylstra, J., Sanders, G., Berrisford, R., Harden, C., Bunting, D., Lewis, M., Cheong, E., Kumar, B., Saunders, J. H., Soomro, I. N., Vohra, R., Duffy, J., Kaye, P., Grabowska, A., Lovat, L., Haidry, R., Eneh, V., Igali, L., Welch, I., Scott, M., Sothi, S., Suortamo, S., Lishman, S., Beardsmore, D., Sutaria, R., Secrier, M., Eldridge, M.D., Bower, L., Lynch, A. G., and Tavaré, S.

Published
2017
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10. Transcriptomic profiling reveals three molecular phenotypes of adenocarcinoma at the gastroesophageal junction

Author

Bornschein, J, Wernisch, L, Secrier, M, Miremadi, A, Perner, J, MacRae, S, O'Donovan, M, Newton, R, Menon, S, Bower, L, Eldridge, MD, Devonshire, G, Cheah, C, Turkington, R, Hardwick, RH, Selgrad, M, Venerito, M, Malfertheiner, P, Fitzgerald, RC, Noorani, A, Elliott, RF, Edwards, PAW, Grehan, N, Nutzinger, B, Crawte, J, Chettouh, H, Contino, G, Li, X, Gregson, E, Zeki, S, De la Rue, R, Malhotra, S, Tavare, S, Lynch, AG, Smith, ML, Davies, J, Crichton, C, Carroll, N, Safranek, P, Hindmarsh, A, Sujendran, V, Hayes, SJ, Ang, Y, Preston, SR, Oakes, S, Bagwan, I, Save, V, Skipworth, RJE, Hupp, TR, O'Neill, JR, Tucker, O, Beggs, A, Taniere, P, Puig, S, Underwood, TJ, Noble, F, Owsley, J, Barr, H, Shepherd, N, Old, O, Lagergren, J, Gossage, J, Davies, A, Chang, F, Zylstra, J, Goh, V, Ciccarelli, FD, Sanders, G, Berrisford, R, Harden, C, Bunting, D, Lewis, M, Cheong, E, Kumar, B, Parsons, SL, Soomro, I, Kaye, P, Saunders, J, Lovat, L, Haidry, R, Eneh, V, Igali, L, Scott, M, Sothi, S, Suortamo, S, Lishman, S, Hanna, GB, Peters, CJ, and Grabowska, A

Subjects
Oncology, Cancer Research, Esophageal Neoplasms, esophageal adenocarcinoma, gastroesophageal junction, SUBTYPES, Transcriptome, Molecular Cancer Biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Gene expression, Prospective Studies, BILE-ACIDS, SIGNATURE, Prognosis, Immunohistochemistry, Phenotype, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, OCCAMS Consortium, Adenocarcinoma, Esophagogastric Junction, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, EXPRESSION, medicine.medical_specialty, Biology, CLASSIFICATION, Siewert classification, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Stomach Neoplasms, Internal medicine, gene expression profiling, medicine, Humans, 1112 Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Esophagus, Science & Technology, Anatomical location, IDENTIFICATION, Gene Expression Profiling, gastric cancer, PATHWAYS, medicine.disease, Gene expression profiling, ESOPHAGUS, GASTRIC-CANCER
Abstract

Cancers occurring at the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) are classified as predominantly esophageal or gastric, which is often difficult to decipher. We hypothesized that the transcriptomic profile might reveal molecular subgroups which could help to define the tumor origin and behavior beyond anatomical location. The gene expression profiles of 107 treatment‐naïve, intestinal type, gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas were assessed by the Illumina‐HTv4.0 beadchip. Differential gene expression (limma), unsupervised subgroup assignment (mclust) and pathway analysis (gage) were undertaken in R statistical computing and results were related to demographic and clinical parameters. Unsupervised assignment of the gene expression profiles revealed three distinct molecular subgroups, which were not associated with anatomical location, tumor stage or grade (p > 0.05). Group 1 was enriched for pathways involved in cell turnover, Group 2 was enriched for metabolic processes and Group 3 for immune‐response pathways. Patients in group 1 showed the worst overall survival (p = 0.019). Key genes for the three subtypes were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The newly defined intrinsic subtypes were analyzed in four independent datasets of gastric and esophageal adenocarcinomas with transcriptomic data available (RNAseq data: OCCAMS cohort, n = 158; gene expression arrays: Belfast, n = 63; Singapore, n = 191; Asian Cancer Research Group, n = 300). The subgroups were represented in the independent cohorts and pooled analysis confirmed the prognostic effect of the new subtypes. In conclusion, adenocarcinomas at the GEJ comprise three distinct molecular phenotypes which do not reflect anatomical location but rather inform our understanding of the key pathways expressed., What's new? Adenocarcinomas that arise at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach are currently classified based on location. Here, the authors looked at patterns of gene expression of these cancers. They found that gastro‐esophageal junction adenocarcinomas can be sorted into three biological subtypes, independent of location, based on gene expression. Group 1 cancers have boosted stomach‐specific genes that combat the effects of acid reflux. Group 2 tumors express genes characteristic to the intestinal tract, and the genes active in Group 3 relate to inflammation. The differences in biological pathway expression means that these differences could be used to improve treatment.

Published
2019

12. Advertising healthy eating to young consumers: insights from English and Swedish adolescents

Author

Sherrington, Anna Maria, Oakes, S, Hunter-Jones, P, Sherrington, Anna Maria, Oakes, S, and Hunter-Jones, P

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to ascertain how to advertise healthy eating to adolescents in a bid to respond to global childhood obesity. Using an interpretivist research design, a three-year, bi-national study was conducted with English and Swedish participants aged 12-14. Creative research methods explored their relationship to food advertising, consumer self-perception and their own creative recommendations. By taking the adolescents’ perspective, the paper reports on creative strategies likely to increase their receptiveness to healthy food advertising, e.g. use of visual statistics, branding and a departure from the healthy-versus-unhealthy dichotomy. The paper recommends additions to social cognitive theory, an underutilised theory within marketing, by infusing the model with a social marketing orientation intent upon increasing its utility when advertising healthy eating to adolescents.

Published
2021

17. Endoscopic tumour morphology impacts survival in adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus

Author

Knight, William R.C., primary, McEwen, Ricardo, additional, Byrne, Ben E., additional, Habib, Wais, additional, Bott, Rebecca, additional, Zylstra, Janine, additional, Mahadeva, Ula, additional, Gossage, James A., additional, Fitzgerald, R.C., additional, Noorani, A., additional, Edwards, P.A.W., additional, Grehan, N., additional, Nutzinger, B., additional, Hughes, C., additional, Fidziukiewicz, E., additional, MacRae, S., additional, Northrop, A., additional, Contino, G., additional, Li, X., additional, de la Rue, R., additional, Katz-Summercorn, A., additional, Abbas, S., additional, Loureda, D., additional, O'Donovan, M., additional, Miremadi, A., additional, Malhotra, S., additional, Tripathi, M., additional, Tavaré, S., additional, Lynch, A.G., additional, Eldridge, M., additional, Secrier, M., additional, Devonshire, G., additional, Perner, J., additional, Jammula, S., additional, Davies, J., additional, Crichton, C., additional, Carroll, N., additional, Safranek, P., additional, Hindmarsh, A., additional, Sujendran, V., additional, Hayes, S.J., additional, Ang, Y., additional, Sharrocks, A., additional, Preston, S.R., additional, Oakes, S., additional, Bagwan, I., additional, Save, V., additional, Skipworth, R.J.E., additional, Hupp, T.R., additional, O'Neill, J.R., additional, Tucker, O., additional, Beggs, A., additional, Taniere, P., additional, Puig, S., additional, Underwood, T.J., additional, Walker, R.C., additional, Grace, B.L., additional, Barr, H., additional, Shepherd, N., additional, Old, O., additional, Lagergren, J., additional, Davies, A., additional, Chang, F., additional, Goh, V., additional, Ciccarelli, F.D., additional, Sanders, G., additional, Berrisford, R., additional, Harden, C., additional, Lewis, M., additional, Cheong, E., additional, Kumar, B., additional, Parsons, S.L., additional, Soomro, I., additional, Kaye, P., additional, Saunders, J., additional, Lovat, L., additional, Haidry, R., additional, Igali, L., additional, Scott, M., additional, Sothi, S., additional, Suortamo, S., additional, Lishman, S., additional, Hanna, G.B., additional, Moorthy, K., additional, Peters, C.J., additional, Grabowska, A., additional, Turkington, R., additional, McManus, D., additional, Coleman, H., additional, Khoo, D., additional, and Fickling, W., additional

Published
2020
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22. Patient-specific cancer genes contribute to recurrently perturbed pathways and establish therapeutic vulnerabilities in esophageal adenocarcinoma

Author

Mourikis, TP, Benedetti, L, Foxall, E, Temelkovski, D, Nulsen, J, Perner, J, Cereda, M, Lagergren, J, Howell, M, Yau, C, Fitzgerald, RC, Scaffidi, P, Noorani, A, Edwards, PAW, Elliott, RF, Grehan, N, Nutzinger, B, Hughes, C, Fidziukiewicz, E, Bornschein, J, MacRae, S, Crawte, J, Northrop, A, Contino, G, Li, X, De la Rue, R, Katz-Summercorn, A, Abbas, S, Loureda, D, O'Donovan, M, Miremadi, A, Malhotra, S, Tripathi, M, Tavare, S, Lynch, AG, Eldridge, M, Secrier, M, Bower, L, Devonshire, G, Jammula, S, Davies, J, Crichton, C, Carroll, N, Safranek, P, Hindmarsh, A, Sujendran, V, Hayes, SJ, Ang, Y, Sharrocks, A, Preston, SR, Oakes, S, Bagwan, I, Save, V, Skipworth, RJE, Hupp, TR, O'Neill, JR, Tucker, O, Beggs, A, Taniere, P, Puig, S, Underwood, TJ, Walker, RC, Grace, BL, Barr, H, Shepherd, N, Old, O, Gossage, J, Davies, A, Chang, F, Zylstra, J, Mahadeva, U, Goh, V, Sanders, G, Berrisford, R, Harden, C, Lewis, M, Cheong, E, Kumar, B, Parsons, SL, Soomro, I, Kaye, P, Saunders, J, Lovat, L, Haidry, R, Igali, L, Scott, M, Sothi, S, Suortamo, S, Lishman, S, Hanna, GB, Peters, CJ, Moorthy, K, Grabowska, A, Turkington, R, McManus, D, Khoo, D, Fickling, W, Ciccarelli, FD, Mourikis, Thanos P. [0000-0002-8026-8837], Foxall, Elizabeth [0000-0003-1995-5547], Scaffidi, Paola [0000-0002-3642-4193], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
EXPRESSION, SELECTION, 631/67, DATABASE, PROTEIN, 38/90, 631/67/69, 13/109, VARIANTS, 13/44, GERMLINE, MD Multidisciplinary, 38/23, 38/22, 38/88, Science & Technology, 631/67/1504/1477, article, Multidisciplinary Sciences, 13/31, BARRETTS-ESOPHAGUS, REPLICATION, PATTERNS, 38/77, Science & Technology - Other Topics, UPDATE, Oesophageal Cancer Clinical and Molecular Stratification (OCCAMS) Consortium
Abstract

The identification of cancer-promoting genetic alterations is challenging particularly in highly unstable and heterogeneous cancers, such as esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Here we describe a machine learning algorithm to identify cancer genes in individual patients considering all types of damaging alterations simultaneously. Analysing 261 EACs from the OCCAMS Consortium, we discover helper genes that, alongside well-known drivers, promote cancer. We confirm the robustness of our approach in 107 additional EACs. Unlike recurrent alterations of known drivers, these cancer helper genes are rare or patient-specific. However, they converge towards perturbations of well-known cancer processes. Recurrence of the same process perturbations, rather than individual genes, divides EACs into six clusters differing in their molecular and clinical features. Experimentally mimicking the alterations of predicted helper genes in cancer and pre-cancer cells validates their contribution to disease progression, while reverting their alterations reveals EAC acquired dependencies that can be exploited in therapy.

Published
2019

25. The landscape of selection in 551 Esophageal Adenocarcinomas defines genomic biomarkers for the clinic

Author

Frankell, AM, Jammula, S, Li, X, Contino, G, Killcoyne, S, Abbas, S, Perner, J, Bower, L, Devonshire, G, Cocks, E, Grehan, N, Mok, J, O'Donovan, M, MacRae, S, Eldridge, MD, Tavare, S, Fitzgerald, RC, Noorani, A, Edwards, PAW, Grehanl, N, Nutzinger, B, Hughes, CI, Fidziukiewicz, E, Northrop, A, De la Rue, R, Katz-Summercorn, A, Loureda, D, Miremadi, A, Malhotra, S, Tripathi, M, Lynch, AG, Eldridge, M, Secrier, M, Davies, J, Crichton, C, Carro, N, Safranek, P, Hindmarsh, A, Sujendran, V, Hayes, SJ, Ang, Y, Sharrocks, A, Preston, SR, Oakes, S, Bagwan, I, Save, V, Skipworth, RJE, Hupp, TR, ONeill, JR, Tucker, O, Beggs, A, Taniere, P, Puig, S, Underwood, T, Walker, RC, Grace, BL, Barr, H, Shepherd, N, Old, O, Lagergren, J, Gossage, J, Davies, A, Chang, F, Zylstra, J, Mahadeva, U, Goh, V, Ciccarelli, FD, Sanders, G, Berrisford, R, Harden, C, Lewis, M, Cheong, E, Kumar, B, Parsons, SL, Soomro, I, Kaye, P, Saunders, J, Lovat, L, Haidry, R, Igali, L, Scott, M, Sothi, S, Suortamo, S, Lishman, S, Hanna, GB, Moorthy, K, Peters, CJ, Grabowska, A, Turkington, R, McManus, D, Coleman, H, Khoo, D, and Fickling, W

Subjects
Male, Oncology, Mutation rate, Esophageal Neoplasms, medicine.disease_cause, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Exome, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Genetics & Heredity, 0303 health sciences, Mutation, GATA4, Incidence (epidemiology), Genomics, CANCER, Cell Cycle Gene, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Cohort, Adenocarcinoma, Female, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Silent mutation, medicine.medical_specialty, CARCINOMA, DNA Copy Number Variations, Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Biomarkers, Tumor, Genetics, Carcinoma, medicine, Humans, Gene, SIGNATURES, 030304 developmental biology, Science & Technology, Gene Expression Profiling, PATHWAYS, Cancer, SOMATIC MUTATIONS, 06 Biological Sciences, medicine.disease, COMPREHENSIVE MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION, PD-1 BLOCKADE, Gene expression profiling, PATTERNS, DRIVER, Cancer research, Oesophageal Cancer Clinical and Molecular Stratification (OCCAMS) Consortium, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Esophageal Adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a poor prognosis cancer type with rapidly rising incidence. Our understanding of genetic events which drive EAC development is limited and there are few molecular biomarkers for prognostication or therapeutics. We have accumulated a cohort of 551 genomically characterised EACs (73% WGS and 27% WES) with clinical annotation and matched RNA-seq. Using a variety of driver gene detection methods, we discover 77 EAC driver genes (73% novel) and 21 non-coding driver elements (95% novel), and describe mutation and CNV types with specific functional impact. We identify a mean of 4.4 driver events per case derived from both copy number events and mutations. We compare driver mutation rates to the exome-wide mutational excess calculated using Non-synonymous vs Synonymous mutation rates (dNdS). We observe mutual exclusivity or co-occurrence of events within and between a number of EAC pathways (GATA factors, Core Cell cycle genes, TP53 regulators and the SWI/SNF complex) suggestive of important functional relationships. These driver variants correlate with tumour differentiation, sex and prognosis. Poor prognostic indicators (SMAD4, GATA4) are verified in independent cohorts with significant predictive value. Over 50% of EACs contain sensitising events for CDK4/6 inhibitors which are highly correlated with clinically relevant sensitivity in a panel EAC cell lines and organoids.

Published
2018

29. Authentication and characterisation of a new oesophageal adenocarcinoma cell line: MFD-1

Author

Garcia, E, Hayden, A, Birts, C, Britton, E, Cowie, A, Pickard, K, Mellone, M, Choh, C, Derouet, M, Duriez, P, Noble, F, White, MJ, Primrose, JN, Strefford, JC, Rose-Zerilli, M, Thomas, GJ, Ang, Y, Sharrocks, AD, Fitzgerald, RC, Underwood, TJ, MacRae, S, Grehan, N, Abdullahi, Z, De la Rue, R, Noorani, A, Elliott, RF, De Silva, N, Bornschein, J, O’Donovan, M, Contino, G, Yang, T-P, Chettouh, H, Crawte, J, Nutzinger, B, Edwards, PAW, Smith, L, Miremadi, A, Malhotra, S, Cluroe, A, Hardwick, R, Davies, J, Ford, H, Gilligan, D, Safranek, P, Hindmarsh, A, Sujendran, V, Carroll, N, Turkington, R, Hayes, SJ, Preston, SR, Oakes, S, Bagwan, I, Save, V, Skipworth, RJE, Hupp, TR, O’Neill, JR, Tucker, O, Taniere, P, Owsley, J, Crichton, C, Schusterreiter, C, Barr, H, Shepherd, N, Old, O, Lagergren, J, Gossage, J, Davies, A, Chang, F, Zylstra, J, Sanders, G, Berrisford, R, Harden, C, Bunting, D, Lewis, M, Cheong, E, Kumar, B, Parsons, SL, Soomro, I, Kaye, P, Saunders, J, Lovat, L, Haidry, R, Eneh, V, Igali, L, Welch, I, Scott, M, Sothi, S, Suortamo, S, Lishman, S, Beardsmore, D, Anderson, C, Smith, ML, Secrier, M, Eldridge, MD, Bower, L, Achilleos, A, Lynch, AG, and Tavare, S

Abstract

New biological tools are required to understand the functional significance of genetic events revealed by whole genome sequencing (WGS) studies in oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). The MFD-1 cell line was isolated from a 55-year-old male with OAC without recombinant-DNA transformation. Somatic genetic variations from MFD-1, tumour, normal oesophagus, and leucocytes were analysed with SNP6. WGS was performed in tumour and leucocytes. RNAseq was performed in MFD-1, and two classic OAC cell lines FLO1 and OE33. Transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq) was performed in MFD-1, OE33, and non-neoplastic HET1A cells. Functional studies were performed. MFD-1 had a high SNP genotype concordance with matched germline/tumour. Parental tumour and MFD-1 carried four somatically acquired mutations in three recurrent mutated genes in OAC: TP53, ABCB1 and SEMA5A, not present in FLO-1 or OE33. MFD-1 displayed high expression of epithelial and glandular markers and a unique fingerprint of open chromatin. MFD-1 was tumorigenic in SCID mouse and proliferative and invasive in 3D cultures. The clinical utility of whole genome sequencing projects will be delivered using accurate model systems to develop molecular-phenotype therapeutics. We have described the first such system to arise from the oesophageal International Cancer Genome Consortium project.

Published
2016

30. UK prospective study of therapies of maturity-onset diabetes: I. Effect of diet, sulphonylurea, insulin or biguanide therapy on fasting plasma glucose and body weight over one year

Author

Turner, R. C., Mann, J. I., Iceton, G., Oakes, S., Smith, A., Moore, J., Hockaday, T. D. R., Holman, R. R., Stowers, J., Stowers, M., Murchison, L., Borthwick, L., Wright, D., Fitzgerald, M., Gyde, S., Pilkington, T., Oakley, N., Whitehead, M., Kohner, E., Lawson, P., Hayes, R., Henry, W., Peto, R., Moore, A., Stark, T., Todd, L., and Multi-centre study

Published
1983
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31. Lack of prognostic significance of DNA ploidy and S phase fraction in breast cancer

Author

Stanton, P. D., Cooke, T. G., Oakes, S. J., Winstanley, J., Holt, S., George, W. D., and Murray, G. D.

Subjects
Research Article
Abstract

DNA Ploidy and S phase fraction (SPF) were measured in Stage I and II breast cancers from patients with at least 8 years of follow-up, to assess the prognostic significance of these data. Disaggregated sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumour were analysed by flow cytometry. SPF was calculated using a rectangular model of S phase, after subtraction of background debris using an exponential model. 64% of tumours were DNA aneuploid. The median SPF was 4.5% for DNA diploid, and 10.9% for DNA aneuploid tumours. There were small reductions in survival at 10 years for DNA aneuploid tumours, and for tumours with above median SPF, but these were not statistically significant. The relative hazard for DNA aneuploid tumours was 1.20 (95% CI 0.81-1.76), and for high SPF was 1.31 (95% CI 0.87-1.98). Neither factor was statistically correlated with survival in multivariate analysis. Technical and theoretical factors limit the accuracy and reproducibility of flow cytometric data, and may explain the lack of prognostic information given.

Published
1992

32. Suppression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition and apoptotic pathways by miR-294/302 family synergistically blocks let-7-induced silencing of self-renewal in embryonic stem cells

Author

Guo, W-T, primary, Wang, X-W, additional, Yan, Y-L, additional, Li, Y-P, additional, Yin, X, additional, Zhang, Q, additional, Melton, C, additional, Shenoy, A, additional, Reyes, N A, additional, Oakes, S A, additional, Blelloch, R, additional, and Wang, Y, additional

Published
2014
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33. The early effect of medicare's prospective payment system on the use of medical intensive care services in three community hospitals

Author

Mayer-Oakes, S. Allison, Oye, Robert K., Leake, Barbara, and Brook, Robert H.

Subjects
Prospective payment systems (Medical care) -- Evaluation, Intensive care units -- Surveys, Hospitals -- Surveys, Medicare -- Surveys
Abstract

To assess the impact of Medicare's prospective payment system (PPS) on patient care and outcome from the medical intensive care unit (MICU), we reviewed the medical records of 400 MICU patients from three community hospitals: 200 patients were admitted before the PPS and 200 were admitted after the PPS. We sampled Medicare patients, aged 65 years and over, and non-Medicare comparison patients, aged 50 to 64 years, collecting data on case-mix treatment intensity and discharge disposition, hospital and six-month mortality, length of stay, and number of intensive care unit beds. After the PPS, the number of intensive care unit beds decreased 31%, without changes in MICU patients' illness severity or treatment intensity. Hospital length of stay decreased 15% in the Medicare group and 43% in the comparison group. For both Medicare and comparison patients combined, MICU length of stay decreased 14% and patients after the PPS were less likely to be discharged to go home. There were no significant changes in in-hospital or six-month mortality. Thus, clinically meaningful decreases in length of stay among seriously ill patients did not result in a change in in-hospital or six-month mortality.

Published
1988

34. The emergent male grocery shopper: An identification of male supermarket shopper types

Author

Oakes, S, Patterson, A, Mortimer, Gary, Oakes, S, Patterson, A, and Mortimer, Gary

Abstract

Grocery shopping is a routine activity widely considered the responsibility of the female spouse, yet modern social and demographic shifts are causing men to engage in this task. This study develops a retail shopping typology of male grocery shoppers, employing a cluster analysis technique. Five distinct cohorts emerge from the data of eight constructs, measured by seventy one items. One new shopper type emerges from this research. This shopper presented as a younger man, at the commencement of their family lifecycle, attracted by a strong value offer, focusing on price and promotional discounts. Our research offers a contribution to the marketing, consumer behaviour and supermarket retailing disciplines in three ways. By examining and identifying male shopping behaviour in the context of grocery shopping, the development of a retail shopping typology of male grocery shoppers and the extension and employment of a cluster analysis in identifying distinct groups. This research has implications for gender, segmentation studies and consumer behaviour disciplines in regard to grocery shopping. The identification of specific groups of male grocery shoppers will enable grocery retailers to effectively implement important, targeted marketing strategies.

Published
2011

37. The impact of narrator age congruity on responses to a radio advertisement

Author

Oakes, S., North, Adrian, Oakes, S., and North, Adrian

Abstract

This study assessed the impact of the congruity between the actual age of the participants and the perceived age of narrator voices upon responses to a radio advertisement for a fictitious university. Attribute transfer caused by stereotypical age perceptions provided the explanation for results indicating that an incongruous (older) narrator significantly reduced perceptions of the image attractiveness of the advertised university. Likelihood of application and recall of advertisement content were revealed to be positive functions of the congruity between the actual age of the participants andthe perceived age of the narrator. Stereotype theory explained results revealing how the incongruous narrator made the university appear significantly more attractive to mature students (aged over 29). Although this study identified positive results in using congruous advertising stimuli, it acknowledges the possible benefits of incongruous stimuli (e.g. in terms of attention gain and creative communication).

Published
2011

38. “IMC is dead. Long live IMC”: Academics' versus practitioners’ views

Author

Patterson, A, Oakes, S, Laurie, Sally, Mortimer, Kathleen, Patterson, A, Oakes, S, Laurie, Sally, and Mortimer, Kathleen

Abstract

The purpose of the research is to establish whether academics and practitioners are similar in their perceptions of what Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) is and what role it has to play in today’s dynamic landscape. This objective is achieved by analysing ten essays that were published by Campaign magazine in December 2010 under the heading of “What’s Next in Integration”. The essays were written by a selection of successful and high profile practitioners and it was therefore felt to be an accurate description of views of the industry on the subject. The essays are analysed utilising a framework provided by Kliatchko (2008) with reference to other key writers in the field. The implications of the findings are then discussed

Published
2011

39. Using music to influence cognitive and affective responses in queues of low and high crowd density

Author

Oakes, S., North, Adrian, Oakes, S., and North, Adrian

Abstract

Within the context of an undergraduate registration queue, this study confirmed perceived wait duration to be a significant, positive function of the tempo of background music, and a significant, negative function of musical liking. In addition, it identified how the presence of music significantly reduced mean perceived duration estimates. Slow-tempo music produced significantly more positive affective responses than fast-tempo music in terms of satisfaction, relaxation, and positive disconfirmation of expectations of wait duration. The presence of music enhanced positive affective response with low crowd density, but diminished it with high crowd density. Musical liking significantly enhanced positive affective responses.

Published
2008

40. Reviewing congruity effects in the service environment musicscape

Author

Oakes, S., North, Adrian, Oakes, S., and North, Adrian

Abstract

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a literature review that highlights significant findings from empirical research examining the impact of music within various real and simulated service environments. Design/methodology/approach – The paper examines the results of studies that have manipulated specific musical variables (genre, tempo, volume, and liking), and attempts to identify consistent patterns of findings to guide managers and researchers. The studies focus upon a range of dependent variables including evaluation of the environment, perceived wait and stay duration, consumption speed, affective response, and spending. Possible explanations for apparently inconsistent findings are discussed. Findings – A variety of studies reveal the positive influence of musical congruity upon desired outcomes. Future research proposals identify the need to examine defining-attribute and prototype theories of musical congruity. Originality/value – The review highlights a range of implications drawn from the studies that will be of value to service organization managers who use music as a key component of their servicescape in order to enhance desired cognitive and affective responses.

Published
2008

41. Fat consumption and HbA(1c) levels: the EPIC-Norfolk study.

Author

Harding A, Sargeant LA, Welch A, Oakes S, Luben RN, Bingham S, Day NE, Khaw K, Wareham NJ, Harding, A H, Sargeant, L A, Welch, A, Oakes, S, Luben, R N, Bingham, S, Day, N E, Khaw, K T, Wareham, N J, and EPIC-Norfolk Study

Abstract

Objective: To describe the relationship between total dietary fat and the pattern of fat intake and HbA(1c).Research Design and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 2,759 men and 3,464 women (40-78 years of age) without a previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes were recruited from a population-based sampling frame. Diet was assessed using a self-reported semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire.Results: The HbA(1c) level was negatively associated with the polyunsaturated fat-to-saturated fat ratio (P:S ratio) of the diet (beta = -0.0338 HbA(1c)% per SD change in P:S ratio; P < 0.001) and positively associated with the total level of fat intake (beta = 0.0620 HbA(1c)% per SD change in total fat intake; P < 0.001), adjusted for age and total energy intake. The associations remained significant when adjusted for each other and for total energy, protein, age, sex, family history of diabetes, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, physical activity, and smoking (for P:S ratio, beta = -0.0200 HbA(1c)% per SD change in P:S ratio, P = 0.013; for total fat, beta = 0.420% HbA(1c)% per SD change in total fat intake, P < 0.001). The benefits from a high P:S ratio were attributed to a lower saturated fat intake.Conclusions: These findings demonstrate independent associations between HbA(1c) concentration across the normal range of HbA(1c) and both total fat intake and the pattern of dietary fat intake. They provide further support to efforts promoting modifications in the intake of dietary fat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2001
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43. Vitamin C and hyperglycemia in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer--Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk) study: a population-based study.

Author

Sargeant LA, Wareham NJ, Bingham S, Day NE, Luben RN, Oakes S, Welch A, Khaw K, Sargeant, L A, Wareham, N J, Bingham, S, Day, N E, Luben, R N, Oakes, S, Welch, A, and Khaw, K T

Abstract

Objective: To examine the cross-sectional association between plasma vitamin C, self-reported diabetes, and HbA1c.Research Design and Methods: Data from a population-based study of diet, cancer, and chronic disease were analyzed. A total of 2,898 men and 3,560 women 45-74 years of age who were registered with general practices in Norfolk, U.K., were recruited to the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer-Norfolk study between 1995 and 1998.Results: Mean plasma vitamin C levels were significantly higher in individuals with HbA1c levels < 7% than in those with self-reported diabetes or prevalent undiagnosed hyperglycemia (HbA1c > or = 7%). An inverse gradient of mean plasma vitamin C was found in both sexes across quintiles of HbA1c distribution < 7%. The odds ratio (95% CI) of having prevalent undiagnosed hyperglycemia per 20 micromol/l (or 1 SD) increase in plasma vitamin C was 0.70 (0.52-0.95) (adjusted for sex, age, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, tertiary education, any use of dietary supplements, vegetarian diet, alcohol consumption, physical activity, dietary vitamin E, dietary fiber, dietary saturated fat, and smoking history). The unadjusted change in HbA1c per 20 micromol/l increase in vitamin C estimated by linear regression was -0.12% (-0.14 to -0.09) in men and -0.09% (-0.11 to -0.07) in women. After adjusting for the possible confounders, these values were -0.08% (-0.11 to -0.04) in men and -0.05% (-0.07 to -0.03) in women.Conclusions: An inverse association was found between plasma vitamin C and HbA1c. Dietary measures to increase plasma vitamin C may be an important public health strategy for reducing the prevalence of diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2000
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48. Pre-clinical Experimental Therapeutics and Pharmacology

Author

Jensen, R. L., primary, Gilliespie, D., additional, Ajewung, N., additional, Faure, R., additional, Kamnasaran, D., additional, Poirier, D., additional, Tamura, K., additional, Wakimoto, H., additional, Rabkin, S. D., additional, Martuza, R. L., additional, Shah, K., additional, Hashizume, R., additional, Aoki, Y., additional, Serwer, L. P., additional, Drummond, D., additional, Noble, C., additional, Park, J., additional, Bankiewicz, K., additional, James, D. C., additional, Gupta, N., additional, Agerholm-Larsen, B., additional, Iversen, H. K., additional, Jensen, K. S., additional, Moller, J., additional, Ibsen, P., additional, Mahmood, F., additional, Gehl, J., additional, Corem, E., additional, Ram, Z., additional, Daniels, D., additional, Last, D., additional, Shneor, R., additional, Salomon, S., additional, Perlstein, B., additional, Margel, S., additional, Mardor, Y., additional, Charest, G., additional, Fortin, D., additional, Mathieu, D., additional, Sanche, L., additional, Paquette, B., additional, Li, H.-F., additional, Hariono, S., additional, Dasgupta, T., additional, Kim, J.-S., additional, Haas-Kogan, D., additional, Weiss, W. A., additional, James, C. D., additional, Waldman, T., additional, Nicolaides, T., additional, Ozawa, T., additional, Rao, S., additional, Sun, H., additional, Ng, C., additional, De La Torre, J., additional, Santos, R., additional, Prados, M., additional, Butowski, N., additional, Michaud, K., additional, Solomon, D. A., additional, Prados, M. D., additional, Pandya, H., additional, Gibo, D., additional, Debinski, W., additional, Vinchon-Petit, S., additional, Jarnet, D., additional, Jadaud, E., additional, Feuvret, L., additional, Garcion, E., additional, Menei, P., additional, Chen, R., additional, Yu, J.-C., additional, Liu, C., additional, Jaffer, Z. M., additional, Chabala, J. C., additional, Winssinger, N., additional, Rubenstein, A. E., additional, Emdad, L., additional, Kothari, H., additional, Qadeer, Z., additional, Binello, E., additional, Germano, I., additional, Hirschberg, H., additional, Baek, S.-K., additional, Kwon, Y. J., additional, Sun, C. H., additional, Li, S. C., additional, Madsen, S., additional, Liu, T., additional, Wang, S.-W., additional, Gibo, D. M., additional, Fan, Q.-W., additional, Cheng, C., additional, Hackett, C., additional, Feldman, M., additional, Houseman, B. T., additional, Oakes, S. A., additional, Debnath, J., additional, Shokat, K. M., additional, Sai, K., additional, Chen, F., additional, Qiu, Z., additional, Mou, Y., additional, Zhang, X., additional, Yang, Q., additional, Chen, Z., additional, Patel, T. R., additional, Zhou, J., additional, Piepmeier, J. M., additional, Saltzman, W. M., additional, Banerjee, S., additional, Kaul, A., additional, Gianino, S. M., additional, Christians, U., additional, Gutmann, D. H., additional, Wu, J., additional, Shen, R., additional, Puduvalli, V., additional, Koul, D., additional, Alfred Yung, W. K., additional, Yun, J., additional, Sonabend, A., additional, Stuart, M., additional, Yanagihara, T., additional, Dashnaw, S., additional, Brown, T., additional, McCormick, P., additional, Romanov, A., additional, Sebastian, M., additional, Canoll, P., additional, Bruce, J. N., additional, Piao, L., additional, Joshi, K., additional, Lee, R. J., additional, Nakano, I., additional, Madsen, S. J., additional, Chou, C. C., additional, Blickenstaff, J. W., additional, Sun, C.-H., additional, Zhou, Y.-H., additional, Tome, C. M. L., additional, Wykosky, J., additional, Palma, E., additional, Nduom, E., additional, Machaidze, R., additional, Kaluzova, M., additional, Wang, Y., additional, Nie, S., additional, Hadjipanayis, C., additional, Saito, R., additional, Nakamura, T., additional, Sonoda, Y., additional, Kumabe, T., additional, Tominaga, T., additional, Lun, X., additional, Zemp, F., additional, Zhou, H., additional, Stechishin, O., additional, Kelly, J. J., additional, Weiss, S., additional, Hamilton, M. G., additional, Cairncross, G., additional, Rabinovich, B. A., additional, Bell, J., additional, McFadden, G., additional, Senger, D. L., additional, Forsyth, P. A., additional, Kang, P., additional, Jane, E. P., additional, Premkumar, D. R., additional, Pollack, I. F., additional, Yoo, J. Y., additional, Haseley, A., additional, Bratasz, A., additional, Powell, K., additional, Chiocca, E. A., additional, Kaur, B., additional, Johns, T. G., additional, Ferruzzi, P., additional, Mennillo, F., additional, De Rosa, A., additional, Rossi, M., additional, Giordano, C., additional, Magrini, R., additional, Benedetti, G., additional, Pericot, G. l., additional, Magnoni, L., additional, Mori, E., additional, Thomas, R., additional, Tunici, P., additional, Bakker, A., additional, Pradarelli, J., additional, Kaka, A., additional, Alvarez-Breckenridge, C., additional, Pan, Q., additional, Teknos, T., additional, Cen, L., additional, Ostrem, J. L., additional, Schroeder, M. A., additional, Mladek, A. C., additional, Fink, S. R., additional, Jenkins, R. B., additional, Sarkaria, J. N., additional, Madhankumar, A. B., additional, Slagle-Webb, B., additional, Park, A., additional, Pang, M., additional, Klinger, M., additional, Harbaugh, K. S., additional, Sheehan, J. M., additional, Connor, J. R., additional, Chen, T. C., additional, Wang, W., additional, Hofman, F. M., additional, Drummond, D. C., additional, Noble, C. O., additional, Park, J. W., additional, Zhou, Y., additional, Marks, J. D., additional, Alonso, M. M., additional, Gomez-Manzano, C., additional, Cortes-Santiago, N., additional, Roche, F. P., additional, Fueyo, J., additional, Johannessen, T.-C. A., additional, Grudic, A., additional, Tysnes, B. B., additional, Nigro, J., additional, Bjerkvig, R., additional, Joshi, A. D., additional, Parsons, W., additional, Velculescu, V. E., additional, Riggins, G. J., additional, Bindra, R. S., additional, Jasin, M., additional, Powell, S. N., additional, Fu, J., additional, Shen, R.-J., additional, Colman, H., additional, Lang, F. F., additional, Jensen, M. R., additional, Friedman, G. K., additional, Haas, M., additional, Cassady, K. A., additional, Gillespie, G. Y., additional, Nguyen, V., additional, Murphy, L. T., additional, Beauchamp, A. S., additional, Hollingsworth, C. K., additional, Mintz, A., additional, Garg, S., additional, Kridel, S., additional, Conrad, C. A., additional, Madden, T., additional, Ji, Y., additional, Priebe, W., additional, Seleverstov, O., additional, Purow, B. W., additional, Grant, G. A., additional, Wilson, C., additional, Campbell, M., additional, Humphries, P., additional, Li, S., additional, Li, J., additional, Johnson, A., additional, Bigner, D., additional, Dewhirst, M., additional, Pokorny, J. L., additional, Kitange, G. J., additional, Carlson, B. L., additional, Suphangul, M., additional, Petro, B., additional, Mukhtar, L., additional, Baig, M. S., additional, Villano, J., additional, Mahmud, N., additional, Keir, S. T., additional, Reardon, D. A., additional, Watson, M., additional, Shore, G. C., additional, Bigner, D. D., additional, Friedman, H. S., additional, and Gururangan, S., additional

Published
2010
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