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In an attempt to draw more attention to the relatively untapped resource that is Japanese ethnic community media, this article presents a case study of the interview column People Living Now in Australia in the Nichigo Press, the longest-running free Japanese-language newspaper in Australia. By focusing on this column, which claims to offer readers a window into the lifestyles of people in Australia's Nikkei community, I am able to make some initial observations regarding the way this publication seems to view and represent this community. After introducing the newspaper, its column and the interviewers, I examine the content of the articles to show the types of stories that are told and whether these are focused on lifestyles, as framed by the column's subtitle, or other things. Following this I look more closely at the people chosen to tell their stories and whether or not their selection offers readers a relatively accurate representation of Australia's Nikkei community as either a multigenerational and mixed one or a first-generation Japanese one. My finding that the column does not fulfil its stated purpose and instead promotes and celebrates the activities and achievements of first-generation Japanese of Sydney's Nikkei community raises the need for further research into the place, belonging and identities of people with Japanese heritage in Australia's Japanese ethnic community media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Japanese community in Singapore comprises mainly white-collar workers and their families. This article addresses issues concerning education, overseas living, and identity-related investments made visible by way of examining schooling and parenting practices. Framed within a critique which recognizes schooling and identity investment as being inherently ideological in nature, the discussion centers around a Japanese school in whose broader operations both parents and other Japanese institutions are involved. Subsequent analysis is directed towards deconstructing (1) institutionalized practices relating to ways in which Japanese overseas organize their lives and frame their life experiences; and (2) the means by which particular notions of Japanese cultural and national heritage are legitimated and fostered through schooling. The article concludes with the observation that the maintenance of an ideologized form of Japaneseness, and not the engenderment of cosmopolitan or globalized identities, constitutes the dominant driving force behind Japanese-medium schooling in Singapore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article recounts the experiences of the Nikkei community, or the Japanese diaspora, from early settlement to its forced removal in Nanaimo, British Columbia in 1942. Topics discussed include the community's growth and significant role in Nanaimo's fishery, the residents' call for the expulsion of Japanese Canadians, and the ideology of White supremacy and its establishment as a public policy in British Columbia.

Japanese imperialism was one of the most important driving forces in the history of modern East Asia. One influential group of actors at the grassroots level were the so-called 'continental adventurers' (tairiku rōnin)—Japanese nationals who travelled in Korea and China on the lookout for adventures and employment opportunities. Some of them worked part time for the army as spies, translators, and agents for special operations. These adventurers have been studied before as agents of Japanese imperialism, but existing accounts fail to present a convincing model of the mechanism that made their activities effective. The goal of this article is to fill this gap. This mechanism, which I shall hereafter call 'the military-adventurous complex', was a lobby of officers, continental adventurers, businessmen, politicians, criminal elements as well as Chinese, Manchurian, and Mongolian revolutionaries. The interests of these contingents were unique but nevertheless intertwining. Despite its decentralized character, the military-adventurous complex had a significant impact on Japanese foreign policy over an extended period. In this article, we shall explore the contours, structure, and modus operandi of that complex, its ambivalent relationship with the Japanese state, as well as several examples of its operations in the early twentieth century. Finally, we shall dwell on the ramifications of the complex on the development of Japanese imperialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper looks at the issue of transnational Christian activities in a colonial setting through a case study of the overseas missionary work of the Nippon Seikôkai (nskk). Missionary work in the Japanese overseas empire offers an example of Western and Japanese missionary societies and missionaries working in a colonial setting where the colonial overlord was neither European nor Christian but still intent to use religion for the benefit of its imperial rule. As the example of the nskk shows after 1937 nationalistic concerns rather than transnational ones had become the dominant force behind Japanese overseas missionary work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the development of diplomatic relations between Japan and Mexico in the second half of the nineteenth century, culminating in the Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between the two nations in 1888, and the subsequent effect the positive relationship between the two nations had on Japanese immigration to Mexico. Based on a spirit of reciprocity and equal status, the treaty resulted in a favourable opinion regarding Japan and the Japanese in Mexico that had a direct influence on the way in which Japanese immigrants to Mexico were viewed and treated, which stands in sharp contrast to the experiences of other Japanese migrant communities in the Americas. Viewed as agents of modernization, Japanese immigrants were welcomed or viewed neutrally by Mexican government officials and average citizens. The article also explains why, despite this positive relationship, Mexico never became a large-scale destination for Japanese immigration. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

An introduction is presented in which the topics within the issue are discussed which includes migration of Japanese men, lifestyle migration and gender identity.

The paper examines the emerging transnational mobility of Japanese young men as lifestyle migrants in Southeast Asia, mainly targeting those in their twenties and thirties moving to Thailand for a change of life. Japanese lifestyle migrants are considered to be socio-cultural “refugees” who escape the stresses of Japanese society and seek a better quality of life elsewhere. This paper explores how and to what extent mobility liberates Japanese men from the male-centered corporate culture orsalarymanmasculinity. It also analyzes the role that travel writings have had in the social labelling and facilitation of the lifestyle mobility of Japanese young men sojourning in Southeast Asia in the 2000s. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In postwar Japan, the term salaryman, denoting middle-class male employees, has come to be conceptualized as the Japanese masculine norm, and represents men’s authoritative and static agency performed through their roles in the household and the nation-state. Given generational shifts in the middle-class life orientation of Japanese men from being centered on work stability and the responsibilities of work and family to a more self-oriented approach to life, how is transnational mobility practiced among young Japanese men? This article explores ways in which transnational Japanese men in their twenties and early thirties have reacted to and adopted the salaryman ideal, combining anie(family) ideology with their own wants and needs. Through exploring the life trajectories of several Japanese men who have lived in Dublin on temporary visas, this article argues for a distinctive difference underlined by life stage in the way that they acted with regard to transnational mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

For more than 10 years, the number of Japanese women who live or emigrate overseas has been surpassing that of Japanese men. On the other hand, corporate workers who have been relocated overseas for shorter periods by their companies are predominantly Japanese men. What this means is that Japanese men are more bound to their homeland and, in this sense, more domestic than Japanese women. Especially since 2010, the state-driven development of “Global Human Resources” (GHR) has been intensifying the familiar associations between men, corporations, and going overseas, which re-impose the nationalistic, corporate-centric masculine norm on young men’s minds. This does not mean, however, that all men in Japan fit the corporate worker model, or that they are all content with Japanese society. Based on interview data of Japanese temporary residents in their 20s, 30s, and 40s in Canada and Australia, with special focus on the narratives of men, this paper elucidates how the meaning of going/being overseas for personal happiness is both gendered and classed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article examines how Japanese policymakers and intellectuals approached national classification in colonial Taiwan by looking into the policy and discourse of intermarriage between Japanese and Han Taiwanese. Despite its rarity in practice, intermarriage as an idea frequently appeared in political debates on the integration of Taiwan into the Japanese empire. Narratives on intermarriage shed light on how ethno-national consciousness was formed and how citizenship was distributed in the empire, revealing tensions between imperial expansion and nation building. In the process of colonial control, racial nationalism emerged to play a role in opposition to intermarriage, which was officially encouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the media coverage of Aboriginal women and girls who were forced into prostitution for Japanese pearlers in the 1930s. The author analyzes the use of the term "Black Velvet" in the print coverage of the scandal as colloquial language referring to interracial sexuality, explores the sexualization of indigenous women, and examines the territorial issues of the pearl trade.

Japan Travel Bureau recently reported that 48.7% of Japanese overseas travellers, in 2008, were part of a packaged tour, while 47.7% arranged their own travel. Interestingly, very little is actually known regarding demographic and consumption differences between Japanese packaged and independent tourists, especially regarding their shopping behaviors, or how Japanese -package tourists differ from another segment, such as packaged tourists from America. The objective of this article is to address this chasm by exploring demographic and consumption differences between, and among, Japanese and American packaged and nonpackaged tourists who are vacationing in Honolulu, Hawaii. The sample includes 198 and 127 Japanese independent and packaged tourists, respectively, as well as 383 and 76 American independent and packaged tourists, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Archives of the Royal Geographical Society (RGS) include a small lot of material relating to the three expeditions to western China organized and financed by Count Ōtani Kozui (1902–14), with the aim of exploring Buddhist sites. Ōtani also recognized the significance of promoting their results outside of Japan and integrating them into the international academic community, primarily Britain. Since his collection was later dispersed, the material in the RGS Archives provides valuable information on the expeditions and clarifies the context for some of the discoveries. In addition, it evidences traces of the interaction between Japanese and British scholarly circles, as an example of the complex international network of scholarship on Central Asia in the early part of the twentieth century. It also shows the efforts invested by the Japanese side in trying to have their results acknowledged as being equal to those of Western explorers. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Through the narratives of Japanese migrant women in Ireland, this paper focuses on their perceptions of 'home' and their emotional processes in the context of their life transition. In order to explore the interactive and relational nature of their emotional processes, three questions are examined. How do migrant women manage their emotions in the process of constructing motherhood as their main social identity? How do their emotional orientations complement or conflict other emotion rules? In changing social and familial settings, how are their feelings navigated? The narratives of two Japanese mothers illustrate their contradictory, inconsistent and ambiguous emotional experiences which are created through physical mobility and transnational family relationships. Through changing social roles, obligations and expectations, they participate in different 'feeling rules' to frame the lived experiences in which their relationships with their new country and home place are renewed. Through changing their life course, they also experience 'emotional resonance' or 'dissonance' with others, which affects their sense of belonging/non-belonging in different places. The context of motherhood provides examples of such dynamics of multiple, interdependent processes in which subjectivities and feelings emerge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is intended to examine how the Japanese living overseas identify with their homeland. Since Australia hosts one of the largest Japanese communities, this paper reports the findings from a qualitative study of Japanese expatriates in Australia and presents some characteristics of the overseas Japanese mentality. The results revealed that the Japanese do not change their way of life even when living abroad. Although the influence of the host society and/or culture is apparent, their Japanese outlook remains the same. They show a similar attitude towards Japanese politics, stay updated through the Internet and other sources of information, and maintain their rules for social interaction. However, the results of this small-scale study cannot be generalised to the broader population, i.e. the entire overseas Japanese community. A further examination of other Japanese communities as well as media contents they are exposed to is required for a complete picture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the development of global ethnic ties, focusing on pan-American Nikkei activities among later-generation descendants of Japanese immigrants. How do diasporic ties emerge across countries, and how are ties mobilized? Who promotes, and participates in, this process? Pan-American Nikkei activities emerged neither as a by-product of shared ancestry or experience nor as a result of continuous ties to their ancestral homeland. Instead, they emerged in response to changes taking place in their countries of residence. Precisely because Japanese descendants throughout the Americas became assimilated, acculturated and economically better off, community leaders had both the means and need to mobilize diasporic ties - in order to bolster their communities, and their status therein, in their respective countries. The most active participants in these activities were well-to-do community leaders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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International labour migration from Meiji era (1868–1912) Japan was intensely concentrated: over 60 per cent of the 29,000 participants in the government-managed Hawai’i emigration programme ( kan’yaku imin, 1885–1894) came from seven coastal counties around the Hiroshima-Yamaguchi prefectural border in southwest Japan. Almost half of the emigrants became long-term settlers instead of returning to their hometowns, but this paper examines what happened to returning emigrants and to their home communities. Since the migration was primarily economic in nature, the effect of migrant earnings was carefully monitored and is frequently cited by scholars. Surveys showed high rates of debt repayment and savings, and improved living conditions, but investment and entrepreneurship were limited. High-emigration regions rarely became economic centers of any importance. Less carefully studied are non-economic effects, partially because the labour programme was structured to minimize contact with Hawaiian or Caucasian culture, and thus returnees had little cultural experience to transfer to their hometowns. Local officials in Yamaguchi seemed proud of the lack of social change. Even long-term sojourners, who returned due to family needs after a decade or more overseas, exhibited no readjustment difficulties. Returnees, particularly in Yamaguchi, sometimes moved on to Japanese colonial territories, creating multilateral and complex relationships with overseas communities. This sojourning migration, like contemporary analogs, was a powerful form of poverty relief in the midst of dislocating globalization, but did not produce a rise in entrepreneurship or a Westernization of local culture. Because this sojourning migration was structurally similar to our modern-day patterns, it provides evidence of the longevity of those patterns and the possible long-term effects, and raises questions about our expectations for migration policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the first Japanese immigrants in Colombia. 1922-1936). This research is a compilation of legal resolutions dictated in the 1886 Colombia's Republic Constitution towards immigration. Particularly, this research points out debates around the improvement of the race project through promoting alien immigration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. To come up with such a compilation, reviewing primary official sources (laws and decrees), discourses and related literature was fundamental. The analysis of the research shows that there is a correlation between diverse laws that allowed or restricted aliens to enter the country. In addition the debates taking place in different groups of the local society around the benefits and disadvantages of letting immigrants enter the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is believed that films and television dramas that are not directly concerned with tourism promotion have become a catalyst for tourism as publicity and promotional media for attracting tourists. This paper considers what roles films and television dramas play in influencing overseas tourists' behaviors in terms of their travel destination selection. The results from the survey of Japanese tourists to the UK gave evidence of a wide range of roles of films and television drams as different stages in respondents' destination choice processes. This paper concludes that films and television dramas have an ability to create destination awareness, consciousness, and images leading to a stronger interest in the destination and actual travel to the destination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An essay is presented which discusses the historic experience of Japanese and Okinawan immigrants to Cuba. The author describes 20th Century waves of Japanese migration to Cuba and other Latin American countries, considers the regions in Cuba where they settled, and notes the types of work in which they were involved. He describes the treatment of Japanese and Okinawans in Cuba before, during, and after World War II, and comments on their attitudes toward the 1959 Cuban Revolution. He also discusses the community organizations established among Japanese and Okinawan Cubans', their cultural identity, and their contributions to Cuban society.

The article focuses on the concept of integration in state and the civil society. It talks about the sociology of integration and socialization and its relationship with the history of sociology and the process of socialization of individuals. Examples illustrating these concepts, including those involving Japanese emigrants and the crisis in the industrial society of France and Great Britain, are discussed. The article also explores the criticism of the concept of integration in various social groups.

The article focuses on intergenerational cultural activities in a Japanese community in Western Australia. Particular attention is given to the Japanese linking their home culture with their host community. According to the author, the number of Japanese residents in Western Australia has been increasing steadily since the late 1990s, the majority of whom live in Perth and the surrounding communities. A study was conducted that examined the number of permanent and temporary residents, the demography of the residents, and the increase in the number of children born out of mixed marriages. Article topics include the opening of the Weekend Japanese School in 2005 as well as information on the Rainbow Association.

This investigation into the use and perceived usefulness of information among Japanese outbound travellers reports on the findings of a survey conducted with over 1,200 Japanese travellers. The research examines information use by travellers about a range of travel components including restaurants, attractionsand accommodation at both the before and during travel phases. It was found that travel guidebooks were the most heavily used source of information and their usefulness was evaluated as one of the highest during both phases. Using correspondence analysis, it is shown that while travel guidebooks were used heavily for finding out about most travel components, the only component that did not show significant reliance on information from travel guidebooks at either the prior to or during travel phases was accommodation.Tourism and Hospitality Research (2006) 6, 284–295. doi:10.1057/palgrave.thr.6050021 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper overviews people's sense of trust as it is reflected in the response data of questionnaire surveys. I will study the variability of people's trust systems in order to explore the stability over time and the change due to the short-term changes of economic and political conditions. To begin with, I will explain briefly the history of our longitudinal and cross-national survey on national character. Secondly, I will summarize some aspects of people's sense of trust in our longitudinal survey of Japanese national character. Thirdly, I will present cross-national comparative analysis of trust in our seven-country survey and our East Asia survey. Fourthly, I will consider the acculturation of the Japanese immigrants in Brazil, Hawaii, and the West Coast of USA. Finally, I will provide some comments on cross-national scaling of trust for our future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is clear statistical evidence showing that increasing numbers of Japanese people in general, and young Japanese women in particular, are spending time abroad. Considering Japan''s full integration into the global economy in an age of enhanced globalization characterized by economic development and unprecedented ease of travel, it is not surprising that the number of Japanese individuals working, studying and traveling abroad is on the rise.This paper analyzes patterns of out-migration among Japanese women, with a particular focus on women who migrate to institutions of higher education abroad. Given the limited opportunity and reward structure of women in the Japanese labour market, it is not surprising that an increasing number of women choose to study abroad as a means to enhance their human capital, and to improve their employment prospects. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights the tenth and eleventh meetings of the Pan-American Nikkei Association (PANA). Fostering of cooperative activities among the Nikkei; Convention planners' belief that Nikkei awareness and identity formation should be considered within the context of multinational realisms; Contributions made by Japan to Latin American countries and Nikkei communities.

This article focuses on a paper which was presented in the debate series at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association. English philosopher Herbert Spencer suggested that a great deal of self discipline is required of anyone venturing into sociology. He cautioned would be students of the subject against various biases they might introduce into sociological interpretation. He listed a patriotic bias, a class bias, a political bias, a theological bias, an occupational bias, and even a special bias in the point of view of the ruling classes. Social reality is conceived as complex because the theoretician has taken the individual as the unit of analysis arid realizes that only an exceptionally complex theory would suffice to connect individuals, as individuals to the phenomena observed in a variety of groups and societies. The individualists have embraced as an article of faith the exact opposite of any procedure that would permit them to develop a parsimonious theory. They have committed themselves to the view that social life is incomprehensible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Iida City Institute of Historical Research, established in December 2003, preserves documents related to the Iida and Shimoina areas in southern Nagano, Japan. The collection includes the Hirasawa monjo, materials related to the Tenryu-sha silk-reeling cooperative, and materials detailing emigration from the area to Manchuria.

Abstract: The body of a young Japanese woman was found buried in the mass of snow in February 2006 near the town of Liptovsky Mikulas in the Slovak Republic. Hypothermia was declared as the cause of her death, the body of the deceased was deeply frozen. The autopsy and police investigation classified her death as a suicide, having some features of an Eastern Asian suicidal ritual. The case shows that the era of world globalization and migration of people bring together also the curious cases of human tragedies. Thus the forensic expert of nowadays must expect that s/he might be faced with cases of death unseen before. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]