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Th1 and Th2 cytokines determine the outcome of Leishmania major infection and immune protection depends mainly on memory T cells induced during vaccination. This largely hinges on the nature and type of memory T cells produced. In this study, transgenic Leishmania major strains expressing membrane-associated ovalbumin (mOVA) and soluble ovalbumin (sOVA) were used as a model to study whether fully differentiated Th1/Th2 and Th17 cells can recall immune memory and tolerate pathogen manipulation. Naïve OT-II T cells were polarised in vitro into Th1/Th2 cells, and these cells were transferred adoptively into recipient mice. Following the transferral of the memory cells, the recipient mice were challenged with OVA transgenic Leishmania major and a wild-type parasite was used a control. The in vitro-polarised T helper cells continued to produce the same cytokine signatures after being challenged by both forms of OVA-expressing Leishmania major parasites in vivo. This suggests that antigen-experienced cells remain the same or unaltered in the face of OVA-transgenic Leishmania major. Such ability of these antigen-experienced cells to remain resilient to manipulation by the parasite signifies that vaccines might be able to produce immune memory responses and defend against parasitic immune manipulation in order to protect the host from infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to supplement the research gap concerning Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharide extracted from Danshen in NMR analysis, and to clarify its immune enhancement effect as an adjuvant, we isolated and purified SMPD–2, which is composed of nine monosaccharides such as Ara, Gal, and Glc from Danshen. Its weight average molecular weight was 37.30 ± 0.096 KDa. The main chain was mainly composed of →4)-α-D-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→ and a small amount of α-L-Araf-(1→. After the subcutaneous injection of SMPD–2 as an adjuvant to OVA in mice, we found that it enhanced the immune response by activating DCs from lymph nodes, increasing OVA-specific antibody secretion, stimulating spleen lymphocyte activation, and showing good biosafety. In conclusion, SMPD–2 could be a promising candidate for an adjuvant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual selection is known to play a major role in the evolution of insect sperm size, whereas natural selection is thought to be a major driver of insect egg size. Despite these differing forms of selection operating, it is possible coevolution between male and female gametes can occur owing to their vital interactions during fertilization. We tested egg–sperm coevolution in insects and found that longer sperm correlated to longer and wider eggs. Moreover, the size of the entry point of sperm into insect eggs (micropyles), was positively related to the diameter of sperm, on average being approximately three times the diameter of the sperm. This suggests a function in reducing and channelling sperm entry, but potentially still leaving space for movement. Our work suggests that greater attention needs to be paid to egg–sperm interactions prior to the point of fertilization as they may influence the evolution of gametes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of tumor nanovaccines (NVs) has gained interest because they specifically recognize and eliminate tumor cells. However, the poor recognition and internalization by dendritic cells (DCs) and insufficient immunogenicity restricted the vaccine efficacy. Herein, we extracted two molecular-weight Astragalus polysaccharides (APS, 12.19 kD; APSHMw, 135.67 kD) from Radix Astragali and made them self-assemble with OVA257−264 directly forming OVA/APS integrated nanocomplexes through the microfluidic method. The nanocomplexes were wrapped with a sheddable calcium phosphate layer to improve stability. APS in the formed nanocomplexes served as drug carriers and immune adjuvants for potent tumor immunotherapy. The optimal APS-NVs were approximately 160 nm with uniform size distribution and could remain stable in physiological saline solution. The FITC-OVA in APS-NVs could be effectively taken up by DCs, and APS-NVs could stimulate the maturation of DCs, improving the antigen cross-presentation efficiency in vitro. The possible mechanism was that APS can induce DC activation via multiple receptors such as dectin-1 and Toll-like receptors 2 and 4. Enhanced accumulation of APS-NVs both in draining and distal lymph nodes were observed following s.c. injection. Smaller APS-NVs could easily access the lymph nodes. Furthermore, APS-NVs could markedly promote antigen delivery efficiency to DCs and activate cytotoxic T cells. In addition, APS-NVs achieve a better antitumor effect in established B16-OVA melanoma tumors compared with the OVA+Alum treatment group. The antitumor mechanism correlated with the increase in cytotoxic T cells in the tumor region. Subsequently, the poor tumor inhibitory effect of APS-NVs on the nude mouse model of melanoma also confirmed the participation of antitumor adaptive immune response induced by NVs. Therefore, this study developed a promising APS-based tumor NV that is an efficient tumor immunotherapy without systemic side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An understanding of egg densities and juvenile production is critical in salmonid egg stocking projects, but the question is not deeply studied. Given that managers rely on the number of young of the year (YOY) fish to evaluate stocking success, this knowledge gap poses a major challenge. We studied effects of two stocking levels on YOY brown trout at different downstream distances (0–600 m) from the stocking point. Density increased significantly with increasing distance from the stocking point when 60,000 eggs were stocked but not when 30,000 eggs were stocked. Body length was not related to distance from the stocking point and only moderately negatively related to density. We conclude that the results of egg stocking can be difficult to interpret because site‐specific density may vary with distance from the stocking point and the number of eggs stocked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Th1 and Th2 cytokines determine the outcome of Leishmania major infection and immune protection depends mainly on memory T cells induced during vaccination. This largely hinges on the nature and type of memory T cells produced. In this study, transgenic Leishmania major strains expressing membrane-associated ovalbumin (mOVA) and soluble ovalbumin (sOVA) were used as a model to study whether fully differentiated Th1/Th2 and Th17 cells can recall immune memory and tolerate pathogen manipulation. Naïve OT-II T cells were polarised in vitro into Th1/Th2 cells, and these cells were transferred adoptively into recipient mice. Following the transferral of the memory cells, the recipient mice were challenged with OVA transgenic Leishmania major and a wild-type parasite was used a control. The in vitro-polarised T helper cells continued to produce the same cytokine signatures after being challenged by both forms of OVA-expressing Leishmania major parasites in vivo. This suggests that antigen-experienced cells remain the same or unaltered in the face of OVA-transgenic Leishmania major. Such ability of these antigen-experienced cells to remain resilient to manipulation by the parasite signifies that vaccines might be able to produce immune memory responses and defend against parasitic immune manipulation in order to protect the host from infection.

En este artículo se presenta la metodología, resultados y conclusiones de la investigación realizada por la autora, para la construcción y aplicación de una herramienta pedagógica mediada por las TIC que busca capacitar a las y los docentes de básica primaria y secundaria en temas de inclusión educativa de niños/as y adolescentes con discapacidad. Esta investigación educativa es de tipo cuasiexperimental con enfoque cuantitativo y diseño antes-después. En un primer momento se presentan los soportes teóricos de la investigación, luego se expone la metodología utilizada para su desarrollo, donde se presenta la OVA: “Inclutic, pedagogía en educación inclusiva” y se presentan los resultados obtenidos de su aplicación con docentes del departamento del Casanare, quienes participaron de manera voluntaria en la investigación, a partir de un proceso de evaluación pre y posprueba. Por último, dentro de las conclusiones se logra evidenciar que esta herramienta de capacitación y formación docente mediada por las TIC es de gran utilidad para mejorar las prácticas docentes en el aula cuando se trabaja con estudiantes con discapacidad.

In order to supplement the research gap concerning Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharide extracted from Danshen in NMR analysis, and to clarify its immune enhancement effect as an adjuvant, we isolated and purified SMPD–2, which is composed of nine monosaccharides such as Ara, Gal, and Glc from Danshen. Its weight average molecular weight was 37.30 ± 0.096 KDa. The main chain was mainly composed of →4)-α-D-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→ and a small amount of α-L-Araf-(1→. After the subcutaneous injection of SMPD–2 as an adjuvant to OVA in mice, we found that it enhanced the immune response by activating DCs from lymph nodes, increasing OVA-specific antibody secretion, stimulating spleen lymphocyte activation, and showing good biosafety. In conclusion, SMPD–2 could be a promising candidate for an adjuvant.

Neste trabalho é apresentado um exercício de imaginação pedagógica, na perspectiva apresentada por Skovsmose, com a finalidade de investigar as potencialidades e possíveis contribuições de objetos virtuais de aprendizagem – OVA desenvolvidos com o software GeoGebra no estudo de conceitos relacionados à trigonometria. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida a partir de uma atividade proposta no componente curricular de Metodologia de Ensino em um curso de Licenciatura em Matemática. Foi proposta e apresentada uma sequência didática a partir do desenvolvimento dos OVA, visando a aprendizagem dos conceitos relativos ao objeto de estudo. A partir das discussões e do feedback da turma, foram realizados alguns ajustes nos OVA e desenvolvido o estudo de possibilidades. Foram identificadas evidências de que o uso dos OVA podem auxiliar no processo de aprendizagem e na compreensão de conceitos e propriedades da trigonometria por parte dos alunos.

Cider flavor has a very important impact on the quality. Solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) combined with gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) tested different kinds of non-Saccharomyces yeasts and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) co-inoculated for the fermentation of cider to determine differences in aroma material, and the determination of odor activity value (OAV) is applied less frequently in research. Through Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Debaryomyces hansenii, Zygosaccharomyces bailii, and Kluyveromyces Marxianus, four different strains of non-Saccharomyces yeast fermented cider, and it was found that, in both the chemical composition and flavor of material things, compared with monoculture-fermented cider using S. cerevisiae, all differences were significant. Co-inoculated fermentation significantly improved the flavor and taste of cider. As in the volatile compounds of OVA > 1, octanoic acid (Sc 633.88 μg/L, co-inoculation fermented group 955.49 μg/L) provides vegetable cheese fragrance and decanoic acid, ethyl ester (Sc 683.19 μg/L, co-inoculation fermented group 694.98 μg/L) a creamy fruity fragrance, etc., and the average content increased after co-inoculated fermentation. Phenylethyl alcohol, which can produce a rose scent, was relatively abundant in cider samples and varied greatly among the groups. Moreover, the contents of ethyl lactate and 1-butanol in the Sc+Rm (ciders fermented by S. cerevisiae and R. mucilaginosa) were the highest of all of the cider samples. Different types of non-Saccharomyces yeast produced cider with different flavor characteristics. This study demonstrates that different species of non-Saccharomyces yeast do have an important impact on the characteristics of cider and that co-inoculation with non-Saccharomyces yeast and S. cerevisiae for cider fermentation may be a strategy to improve the flavor of cider. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pensando na inclusão dos alunos com deficiência Intelectual no ensino regular de escolas da rede pública de Gravataí, o artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre a utilização de Objetos Virtuais de Aprendizagem (OVAs) como Estratégia Pedagógica, no desenvolvimento da aprendizagem dos alunos com deficiência intelectual com relação à alfabetização, matemática e raciocínio lógico. A fundamentação teórica deste artigo está baseada em autores que abordam as práticas pedagógicas e a contribuição que a tecnologia proporciona no processo de aprendizagem dos alunos. A proposta de trabalho foi escolher quatro Objetos Virtuais de Aprendizagem, que contemplassem as necessidades comuns dos alunos, tendo sido escolhidos os OVAs: Participar 2, Ariê 2, Aiello e por último o Fazenda RIVED. Todos acham-se disponíveis de forma gratuita na internet podendo ser instalados no computador e depois usados sem a necessidade de internet. Constatou-se que somente o recurso da tecnologia não foi suficiente no momento em que os OVAs foram executados pelos alunos, alguns dos quais necessitam do recurso de material concreto.

Metal–organic coordination polymers (CPs) are a broad class of materials that include metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). CPs are highly ordered crystalline materials that are composed of metal ions (or metal ion clusters) and multidentate organic ligands that serve as linkers. One‐, two‐, and three‐dimensional CPs can be formed, with 2D and 3D structures referred to as MOFs. CPs have gained a lot of attention due to attractive structural features like structure versatility and tunability, and well‐defined pores that enable the encapsulation of cargo. Further, CPs show a lot of promise for drug delivery applications, but only a very limited number of CPs are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. In this review, we outlined features that are desired for CP‐based drug delivery platform, and briefly described most relevant characterization techniques. We highlighted some of the recent efforts directed toward developing CP‐based drug delivery platforms with the emphasis on vaccines against cancer, infectious diseases, and viruses. We hope this review will be a helpful guide for those interested in the design and evaluation of CP‐based immunological drug delivery platforms. This article is categorized under:Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious DiseaseTherapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the characteristic aromatic compounds, present in the traditional fermented koumiss of the Kazakh ethnic group in different regions of Xinjiang, GC-IMS, and GC-MS were used to analyze the volatile compounds in koumiss from four regions. A total of 87 volatile substances were detected, and esters, acids, and alcohols were found to be the main aroma compounds in koumiss. While the types of aroma compounds in koumiss were similar across different regions, the differences in their concentrations were significant and displayed clear regional characteristics. The fingerprint spectrum of GC-IMS, combined with PLS-DA analysis, indicates that eight distinctive volatile compounds, including ethyl butyrate, can be utilized to distinguish between different origins. Additionally, we analyzed the OVA value and sensory quantification of koumiss in different regions. We found that aroma components such as ethyl caprylate and ethyl caprate, which exhibit buttery and milky characteristics, were prominent in the YL and TC regions. In contrast, aroma components such as phenylethanol, which feature a floral fragrance, were more prominent in the ALTe region. The aroma profiles of koumiss from the four regions were defined. These studies provide theoretical guidance for the industrial production of Kazakh koumiss products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temperature impacts behaviour, physiology and life-history of many life forms. In many ectotherms, phenotypic plasticity within reproductive traits could act as a buffer allowing adaptation to continued global warming within biological limits. But there could be costs involved, potentially affecting adult reproductive performance and population growth. Empirical data on the expression of reproductive plasticity when different life stages are exposed is still lacking. Plasticity in key components of fitness (e.g., reproduction) can impose life-history trade-offs. Ectotherms are sensitive to temperature variation and the resulting thermal stress is known to impact reproduction. So far, research on reproductive plasticity to temperature variation in this species has focused on males. Here, I explore how rearing temperature impacted female reproduction and lifespan in the bruchid beetle Callosobruchus maculatus by exposing them to four constant temperatures (17 °C, 25 °C, 27 °C and 33 °C) during larval or adult stages. In these experiments, larval rearing cohorts (exposed to 17 °C, 25 °C, 27 °C and 33 °C, from egg to adulthood) were tested in a common garden setting at 27 °C and adult rearing cohorts, after having developed entirely at 27 °C, were exposed to four constant rearing temperatures (17 °C, 25 °C, 27 °C and 33 °C). I found stage-specific plasticity in all the traits measured here: fecundity, egg morphological dimensions (length and width), lifespan and egg hatching success (female fertility). Under different larval rearing conditions, fecundity and fertility was drastically reduced (by 51% and 42%) at 17 °C compared to controls (27 °C). Female lifespan was longest at 17 °C across both larval and adult rearing: by 36% and 55% compared to controls. Collectively, these results indicate that larval rearing temperature had greater reproductive impacts. Integrating both larval and adult rearing effects, I present evidence that female fertility is more sensitive during larval development compared to adult rearing temperature in this system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The role of the calcium‐sensitive receptor (CaSR) was assessed in a juvenile mouse model of asthma induced by ovalbumin (OVA). The experiment was divided into normal control, OVA, and OVA +2.5/5 mg/kg NPS2143 (a CaSR antagonist) groups. OVA induction was performed in all groups except the normal control, followed by assessing airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and lung pathological changes. Serum OVA‐specific IgE and IgG1 were detected with an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and inflammatory cells were counted in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, ELISA, and western blotting were performed to detect gene and protein expression. NPS2143 improved the OVA‐induced AHR in mice, and AHR was higher in the OVA +2.5 mg/kg NPS2143 group than in the OVA +5 mg/kg NPS2143 group. Furthermore, NPS2143 reduced the production of OVA‐specific IgE and IgG1 in serum and the number of eosinophils and lymphocytes in BALF in OVA mice with reduced CaSR expression in lung tissues. Besides, OVA‐induced mice exhibited peribronchial and perivascular inflammatory cell infiltration, which was accompanied by severe goblet cell hyperplasia/hyperplasia and airway mucus hypersecretion. Furthermore, these mice exhibited increased levels of Interleukin (IL)‐5, IL‐13, MCP‐1, and eotaxin, which were alleviated by NPS2143. The 5 mg/kg NPS2143 showed more effective than the 2.5 mg/kg treatment. CaSR expression was elevated in the lung tissues of OVA‐induced asthmatic juvenile mice, whereas the CaSR antagonist NPS2143 reduced AHR and attenuated the inflammatory response in OVA‐induced juvenile mice, possibly exerting therapeutic effects on childhood asthma.

Introduction Asthma is a chronic lung disease that injures and constricts the airways. This study evaluates the effects of agmatine on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic inflammation of the airways. Methods OVA sensitization by intraperitoneal injection was used to induce airway inflammation in mice on days 0 and 7; then the mice were challenged using beclomethasone (150 µg/kg, inhalation), a standard anti-asthmatic drug, from day 14 to day 16. Furthermore, agmatine (200 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected on day 0 and then daily for 16 days, followed by OVA challenge. The lung weight ratio, total and differential cell counts, TNF-α, interleukin-5 (IL-5) and IL-13 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), lung nitrite/nitrate (NO), and oxidative parameters were determined. Moreover, histopathological and immunohistochemical staining was employed. Results Injection of agmatine (200 mg/kg) for 16 days significantly attenuated inflammation of the airways. The levels of BALF inflammatory cells, TNF-α, IL-5, IL-13, lung NO, and malondialdehyde (MDA), significantly decreased with concomitant elevation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses of mast cells paralleled to biochemical improvements. Conclusion Finally, this study illustrated that agmatine attenuates the allergic inflammation of airways caused by OVA by mitigating cytokines release, NO expression, and oxidative stress.

A lo largo de los años se ha venido implementando la inclusión en los diferentes establecimientos educativos del país, sin tener en cuenta que, en muchas de estas instituciones, su implementación no ha sido la correcta. Por ello, es importante conocer el concepto y su práctica, con el fin de llegar al objetivo central planteado para esta investigación, el cual hace énfasis en fortalecer la formación docente en el proceso de educar para la inclusión en educadores de básica primaria de la Institución Educativa Municipal Chillurco, municipio de Pitalito, Huila. La metodología utilizada en este estudio de tipo cualitativo se enfoca en el paradigma hermenéutico, de tipo investigación acción; también, se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos de recolección de datos: la encuesta abierta y los grupos focales, los cuales se desarrollaron con 7 docentes de básica primaria de la institución en mención. Lo anterior permitió evidenciar, primero, un fuerte desconocimiento frente a la educación inclusiva y la manera en la que se debe poner en práctica dentro del quehacer docente; segundo, la gran necesidad de fortalecer dichos conocimientos y estrategias de la labor docente en cuanto a la educación inclusiva. Por lo tanto, de acuerdo con lo evidenciado, surgió la propuesta digital de un OVA –una herramienta digital que facilita el desarrollo de habilidades de autoaprendizaje–; un software libre y gratuito con secuencias pedagógicas guiadas por los docentes y dirigidas a los estudiantes. La creación de la herramienta fue pensada con el fin de brindar diferentes estrategias y metodologías digitales sobre la adecuada implementación de la educación inclusiva en la institución.

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Asthma is a chronic lung disease that injures and constricts the airways. This study evaluates the effects of agmatine on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic inflammation of the airways. OVA sensitization by intraperitoneal injection was used to induce airway inflammation in mice on days 0 and 7; then the mice were challenged using beclomethasone (150 µg/kg, inhalation), a standard anti-asthmatic drug, from day 14 to day 16. Furthermore, agmatine (200 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected on day 0 and then daily for 16 days, followed by OVA challenge. The lung weight ratio, total and differential cell counts, TNF-α, interleukin-5 (IL-5) and IL-13 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), lung nitrite/nitrate (NO), and oxidative parameters were determined. Moreover, histopathological and immunohistochemical staining was employed. Injection of agmatine (200 mg/kg) for 16 days significantly attenuated inflammation of the airways. The levels of BALF inflammatory cells, TNF-α, IL-5, IL-13, lung NO, and malondialdehyde (MDA), significantly decreased with concomitant elevation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses of mast cells paralleled to biochemical improvements. Finally, this study illustrated that agmatine attenuates the allergic inflammation of airways caused by OVA by mitigating cytokines release, NO expression, and oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of the calcium‐sensitive receptor (CaSR) was assessed in a juvenile mouse model of asthma induced by ovalbumin (OVA). The experiment was divided into normal control, OVA, and OVA +2.5/5 mg/kg NPS2143 (a CaSR antagonist) groups. OVA induction was performed in all groups except the normal control, followed by assessing airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and lung pathological changes. Serum OVA‐specific IgE and IgG1 were detected with an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and inflammatory cells were counted in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, ELISA, and western blotting were performed to detect gene and protein expression. NPS2143 improved the OVA‐induced AHR in mice, and AHR was higher in the OVA +2.5 mg/kg NPS2143 group than in the OVA +5 mg/kg NPS2143 group. Furthermore, NPS2143 reduced the production of OVA‐specific IgE and IgG1 in serum and the number of eosinophils and lymphocytes in BALF in OVA mice with reduced CaSR expression in lung tissues. Besides, OVA‐induced mice exhibited peribronchial and perivascular inflammatory cell infiltration, which was accompanied by severe goblet cell hyperplasia/hyperplasia and airway mucus hypersecretion. Furthermore, these mice exhibited increased levels of Interleukin (IL)‐5, IL‐13, MCP‐1, and eotaxin, which were alleviated by NPS2143. The 5 mg/kg NPS2143 showed more effective than the 2.5 mg/kg treatment. CaSR expression was elevated in the lung tissues of OVA‐induced asthmatic juvenile mice, whereas the CaSR antagonist NPS2143 reduced AHR and attenuated the inflammatory response in OVA‐induced juvenile mice, possibly exerting therapeutic effects on childhood asthma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several subsets of CD8+ T cells are known to have a suppressive function in different tissues and diseases in mice and humans. Due to the lack of a consensus on the phenotype of regulatory CD8+ T cells and very low frequency in the body, its clinical use as adoptive cellular therapy has not advanced much. In the present work, using DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5‐Aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (Aza), we efficiently and stably differentiated naïve CD8+ T cells (CD8+CD25–CD44– cells) into the CD8+Foxp3+ regulatory CD8+ T cells (CD8 Tregs). We also generated OVA peptide257‐264‐specific CD8+Foxp3+ Tregs. Compared with activated CD8 T cells, Aza plus TGF‐β‐induced CD8+Foxp3+ Tregs showed significantly increased surface expression of CD39, CD73, CD122, CD62L, and CD103, and secreted TGF‐β and suppressed the proliferation of effector CD4+ T cells. Interestingly, CD8+Foxp3+ Tregs exhibited low expression of perforin and granzyme required for cytotoxic function. Analysis of chemokine receptors showed that TGF‐β + Aza induced CD8+Foxp3+ Tregs expressed gut‐tropic chemokine receptors CCR6 and CCR9, and chemokine receptors CCR7 and CXCR3 required for mobilization into the spleen, lymph nodes, and gut‐associated lymphoid tissues. Adoptive transfer of induced CD8+Foxp3+ Tregs restored cholera toxin‐induced breakdown of oral tolerance to OVA by regulating OVA‐specific IgE and IgG1. Altogether, we showed an efficient method to generate antigen‐specific CD8+Foxp3+ Tregs, and the adoptive transfer of these cells induces oral tolerance by suppressing allergic response and maintaining intestinal homeostasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface molecularly imprinted materials on wood-based carriers were prepared using silane-modified deligninized balsa wood to specifically recognize and adsorb OVA. [Display omitted] • Silane-modified wood as a novel carrier to construct MIPs@KW-Si for adsorbing OVA. • The porous structure of wood enhance the adsorption capacity of MIPs@KW-Si. • MIPs@KW-Si exhibits a dual response to temperature and pH to enhance ad/desorption. • MIPs@KW-Si can be used as a novel separation medium for rapid adsorption of OVA. Suitable imprinting methods and carriers for preparing molecularly imprinted materials can improve both the adsorption capacity and selectivity of proteins. In this study, surface molecularly imprinted materials on wood-based carriers (MIPs@KW-Si) were successfully constructed, with temperature/pH dual-responsive ability and dynamic adsorption for selective recognition of ovalbumin (OVA) template molecules. Balsa wood was delignified, modified by silane and was used as a porous carrier to obtain MIPs@KW-Si. The MIPs@KW-Si can well recognize OVA at a pH of 8.5 and a temperature of 25 °C, showing an OVA adsorption capacity of 23.96 mg·g−1 and a high recognition capacity (imprinting factor of 4.26) at a short adsorption equilibrium time of 60 min. The OVA adsorption process of MIPs@KW-Si followed the Pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir model, meaning a monolayer chemisorption with a maximum saturated adsorption of 35.91 mg·g−1. MIPs@KW-Si also had strong specific adsorption capacity for OVA, and the selection factors (α) for bovine serum albumin (BSA) and bovine hemoglobin (BHB) could reach 6.47 and 45.5, and the adsorption capacity remained above 86 % of the equilibrium adsorption capacity after five repeated regeneration experiments. Additionally, a filter constructed by MIPs@KW-Si can achieve a filtration process for fast adsorbing OVA, with an excellent adsorption/desorption effect. The study shows that MIPs@KW-Si is an ideal molecularly imprinted material for OVA with broad potential applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cider flavor has a very important impact on the quality. Solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) combined with gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) tested different kinds of non-Saccharomyces yeasts and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) co-inoculated for the fermentation of cider to determine differences in aroma material, and the determination of odor activity value (OAV) is applied less frequently in research. Through Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Debaryomyces hansenii, Zygosaccharomyces bailii, and Kluyveromyces Marxianus, four different strains of non-Saccharomyces yeast fermented cider, and it was found that, in both the chemical composition and flavor of material things, compared with monoculture-fermented cider using S. cerevisiae, all differences were significant. Co-inoculated fermentation significantly improved the flavor and taste of cider. As in the volatile compounds of OVA > 1, octanoic acid (Sc 633.88 μg/L, co-inoculation fermented group 955.49 μg/L) provides vegetable cheese fragrance and decanoic acid, ethyl ester (Sc 683.19 μg/L, co-inoculation fermented group 694.98 μg/L) a creamy fruity fragrance, etc., and the average content increased after co-inoculated fermentation. Phenylethyl alcohol, which can produce a rose scent, was relatively abundant in cider samples and varied greatly among the groups. Moreover, the contents of ethyl lactate and 1-butanol in the Sc+Rm (ciders fermented by S. cerevisiae and R. mucilaginosa) were the highest of all of the cider samples. Different types of non-Saccharomyces yeast produced cider with different flavor characteristics. This study demonstrates that different species of non-Saccharomyces yeast do have an important impact on the characteristics of cider and that co-inoculation with non-Saccharomyces yeast and S. cerevisiae for cider fermentation may be a strategy to improve the flavor of cider.

Introduction: Tumor vaccine has been a research boom for cancer immunotherapy, while its therapeutic outcome is severely depressed by the vulnerable in vivo delivery efficiency. Moreover, tumor immune escape is also another intractable issue, which has badly whittled down the therapeutic efficiency. Objectives: Our study aims to solve the above dilemmas by cooperating minimalist nanovaccine with PD-1 blockade for effective and feasible cancer immunotherapy. Methods: The minimalist antigen and adjuvant co-delivery nanovaccine was developed by employing natural polycationic protamine (PRT) to carry the electronegative ovalbumin (OVA) antigen and unmethylated Cytosine-phosphorothioate-Guanine (CpG) adjuvant via convenient chemical bench-free “green” preparation without chemical-synthesis and no organic solvent was required, which could preserve the immunological activities of the antigens and adjuvants. On that basis, PD-1 antibody (aPD-1) was utilized to block the tumor immune escape and cooperate with the nanovaccine by maintaining the tumoricidal-activity of the vaccine-induced T cells. Results: Benefited from the polycationic PRT, the facile PRT/CpG/OVA nanovaccine displayed satisfactory delivery performance, involving enhanced cellular uptake in dendritic cells (DCs), realizable endosomal escape and promoted stimulation for DCs’ maturation. These features would be helpful for the antitumor immunotherapeutic efficiency of the nanovaccine. Furthermore, the cooperation of the nanovaccine with aPD-1 synergistically improved the immunotherapy outcome, profiting by the cooperation of the “T cell induction” competency of the nanovaccine and the “T cell maintenance” function of the aPD-1. Conclusion: This study will provide new concepts for the design and construction of facile nanovaccines, and contribute valuable scientific basis for cancer immunotherapy.

The plasticizer di- (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is considered a risk factor for allergic diseases and has attracted public attention for its adverse effects on health. However, respiratory adverse effects after DEHP exposure in food allergies have rarely been reported. MiRNAs are considered to be key regulators in the complex interrelationships between the host and microbiome and may be a potential factor involved in DEHP-induced pulmonary toxicity. To investigate the adverse effects of DEHP on the lung during sensitization, we established an ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mouse model exposed to DEHP and performed 16S rDNA gene sequencing, miRNA sequencing, and correlation analysis. Our results showed that DEHP aggravated the immune disorder in OVA-sensitized mice, which was mainly characterized by an increase in the proportion of Th2 lymphocytes, and further enhanced OVA-induced airway inflammation without promoting pulmonary fibrosis. Compared with the OVA group, DEHP interfered with the lung microbial community, making Proteobacteria the dominant phylum, while Bacteroidetes were significantly reduced. Differentially expressed miRNAs were enriched in the PI3K/AKT pathway, which was closely related to immune function and airway inflammation. The expression of miR-146b-5p was elevated in the DEHP group, which was positively correlated with the proportion of Th2 cells and significantly negatively correlated with the abundance of Bacteroidetes. The results indicate that DEHP may interfere with the expression of miR-146b-5p, affect the composition of the lung microbiota, induce an imbalance in T cells, and lead to immune disorders and airway inflammation. The current study uses multi-omics to reveal the potential link between the plasticizer DEHP and allergic diseases and provides new insights into the ecotoxicology of environmental exposures to DEHP.

Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) represent a group of NPs that can convert near-infrared (NIR) light into ultraviolet and visible light, thus possess deep tissue penetration power with less background fluorescence noise interference, and do not induce damage to biological tissues. Due to their unique optical properties and possibility for surface modification, UCNPs can be exploited for concomitant antigen delivery into dendritic cells (DCs) and monitoring by molecular imaging. In this study, we focus on the development of a nano-delivery platform targeting DCs for immunotherapy and simultaneous imaging. OVA 254–267 (OVA24) peptide antigen, harboring a CD8 T cell epitope, and Pam3CysSerLys4 (Pam3CSK4) adjuvant were chemically linked to the surface of UCNPs by amide condensation to stimulate DC maturation and antigen presentation. The OVA24-Pam3CSK4-UCNPs were thoroughly characterized and showed a homogeneous morphology and surface electronegativity, which promoted a good dispersion of the NPs. In vitro experiments demonstrated that OVA24-Pam3CSK4-UCNPs induced a strong immune response, including DC maturation, T cell activation, and proliferation, as well as interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production. In vivo, highly sensitive upconversion luminescence (UCL) imaging of OVA24-Pam3CSK4-UCNPs allowed tracking of UCNPs from the periphery to lymph nodes. In summary, OVA24-Pam3CSK4-UCNPs represent an effective tool for DC-based immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Streptococcus suis is a serious pathogen in the pig industry with zoonotic potential. With respect to the current effort to reduce antibiotic use in animals, a prophylactic measure is needed to control the disease burden. Unfortunately, immunization against streptococcal pathogens is challenging due to nature of the interaction between the pathogen and the host immune system, but vaccines based on conjugates of capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and carrier protein were proved to be efficient. The main obstacle of these vaccines is manufacturing cost, limiting their use in animals. In this work, we tested an experimental vaccine against Streptococcus suis serotype 2 based on capsular polysaccharide conjugated to chicken ovalbumin (OVA) and compared its immunogenicity and protectivity with a vaccine based on CRM197 conjugate. Ovalbumin was selected as a cheap alternative to recombinant carrier proteins widely used in vaccines for human use. We found that the ovalbumin-based experimental vaccine successfully induced immune response in pigs, and the IgG antibody response was even higher than after immunization with capsular polysaccharide-CRM197 conjugate. Protectivity of vaccination against infection was evaluated in the challenge experiment and was found promising for both conjugates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asthma is a common chronic airway inflammatory disease, lacking effective therapeutic approaches. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MgIG) is an anti-inflammatory drug for treating chronic inflammation. However, it is still ambiguous whether MgIG can function in allergy induced asthma. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammation effect of MgIG in mice with allergy induced asthma and explored the underlying mechanisms. Mouse asthma model was established with ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenge. Subsequently, mice sensitized with OVA were randomly assigned into fourgroups: asthma model group (MDL), dexamethasone group (DXM), MgIG group (MgIG), and normal mice were used as normal control (CON). The mice in MgIG, MDL were given 0.2 mg/mL MgIG solution by atomization inhalation for 30 min before 1% (w/v) OVA challenge. At the completion of model establishment and drug treatment, cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were classified, inflammatory factors in serum were determined, histopathological analysis was performed by H&E staining, and expression of MUC5AC, NLRP3, and cleaved caspase-1 in the lung tissue was also determined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting, respectively. In comparison to MDL group, MgIG treatment could significantly inhibit the recruitment of white blood cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils in BALF, reduced the production of IL-6, TNF-α, and IgE in serum, and reduced mucus secretion and the infiltration of inflammatory cells. Also, an increase of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 protein levels were suppressed by MgIG treatment. Our study findings support that nebulizer inhalation of MgIG as an effective therapy in treating the allergy induced asthma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Adverse events (AE) are responsible for annual deaths that exceed deaths due to motor vehicle accidents, breast cancer, and AIDS. Many AE are considered preventable. Thus, AE needs to be detected and analyzed. Incident reporting systems (IRS) are crucial in identifying AE. Nevertheless, the incident report (IR) process is flawed with underreporting, especially from the physicians' side. This limits its efficiency in detecting AE. Therefore, we aimed to assess the practice and identify the barriers associated with incident reporting among internal medicine physicians in a large tertiary hospital through a survey. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study. We distributed an online survey to physicians working in the Internal Medicine Department of Qatar's largest tertiary academic institute. The questionnaire was validated and piloted ahead of the start of the trial. The response rate was 53%. Results A total of 115 physicians completed the survey; 59% acknowledged the availability of an institutional IRS. However, only 29% knew how to submit an online IR, and 20% have ever submitted an IR. The survey revealed that participants were less likely to submit an IR when they or a colleague is involved in the incident; 46% and 63%, respectively. The main barriers of reporting incidents were unawareness about the IRS (36%) and the perception that IR will not bring a system change (13%); moreover, there exists the fear of retaliation (13%). When asked about solutions, 57% recommended training and awareness, and 22% recommended sharing learnings and actions from previous IR. Conclusions IRS is underutilized by internal medicine physicians. The main barrier at the time of the survey is the lack of training and awareness. Promoting awareness and sharing previous learning and actions may improve the utilization of the IRS.

To investigate the characteristic aromatic compounds, present in the traditional fermented koumiss of the Kazakh ethnic group in different regions of Xinjiang, GC-IMS, and GC-MS were used to analyze the volatile compounds in koumiss from four regions. A total of 87 volatile substances were detected, and esters, acids, and alcohols were found to be the main aroma compounds in koumiss. While the types of aroma compounds in koumiss were similar across different regions, the differences in their concentrations were significant and displayed clear regional characteristics. The fingerprint spectrum of GC-IMS, combined with PLS-DA analysis, indicates that eight distinctive volatile compounds, including ethyl butyrate, can be utilized to distinguish between different origins. Additionally, we analyzed the OVA value and sensory quantification of koumiss in different regions. We found that aroma components such as ethyl caprylate and ethyl caprate, which exhibit buttery and milky characteristics, were prominent in the YL and TC regions. In contrast, aroma components such as phenylethanol, which feature a floral fragrance, were more prominent in the ALTe region. The aroma profiles of koumiss from the four regions were defined. These studies provide theoretical guidance for the industrial production of Kazakh koumiss products.

Copyright of Íkala: Revista de Lenguaje y Cultura is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El presente artículo expone los resultados de la aplicación de la metodología diseñada en la Fase 1 del proyecto de investigación «Diseño de metodología virtual para la enseñanza de patronaje y confección», del programa profesional en Diseño de Modas de la Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina. Este proyecto se planteó debido a la necesidad de un apoyo didáctico para el trabajo autónomo dentro del proceso formativo, apoyado con mediación tecnológica. Al finalizar el desarrollo del contenido programático de los objetos virtuales de aprendizaje (ova) en línea femenina en la primera fase (2018) y en línea masculina en la segunda fase (2019), se implementó el recurso con pruebas piloto a los grupos objetivos para los cuales fueron diseñados; se percibieron así aprendizajes efectivos en el rendimiento de cada uno de los estudiantes participantes. El análisis de esta información es lo que se presentará aquí, ya que permitió identificar oportunidades de mejora antes de continuar con el desarrollo de los OVA’s para las demás líneas y universos del vestuario. Este recurso de nuevo conocimiento y su eficacia se evidenció durante el confinamiento por la pandemia Covid-19, momento crucial para los procesos formativos sincrónicos interactivos con estudiantes a través de plataformas como Teams, Meet, Zoom, etc., lo cual permitió comprobar las mejoras aplicadas resultado del análisis de las pruebas piloto.

Pregnancy represents a period when the mother undergoes significant immunological changes to promote tolerance of the fetal semi‐allograft. Such tolerance results from the exposure of the maternal immune system to fetal antigens (Ags), a process that has been widely investigated at the maternal‐fetal interface and in the adjacent draining lymph nodes. However, the peripheral mechanisms of maternal‐fetal crosstalk are poorly understood. Herein, we hypothesized that specific innate immune cells interact with fetal Ags in the maternal circulation. To test this hypothesis, a mouse model was utilized in which transgenic male mice expressing the chicken ovalbumin (OVA) Ag under the beta‐actin promoter were allogeneically mated with wild‐type females to allow for tracking of the fetal Ag. Fetal Ag‐carrying Ly6G+ and F4/80+ cells were identified in the maternal circulation, where they were more abundant in the second half of pregnancy. Such innate immune cells displayed unique phenotypes: while Ly6G+ cells expressed high levels of MHC‐II and CD80 together with low levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, F4/80+ cells up‐regulated the expression of CD86 as well as the anti‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐10 and TGF‐β. In vitro studies using allogeneic GFP+ placental particles revealed that maternal peripheral Ly6G+ and F4/80+ cells phagocytose fetal Ags in mid and late murine pregnancy. Importantly, cytotrophoblast‐derived particles were also engulfed in vitro by CD15+ and CD14+ cells from women in the second and third trimester, providing translational evidence that this process also occurs in humans. Collectively, this study demonstrates novel interactions between specific maternal circulating innate immune cells and fetal Ags, thereby shedding light on the systemic mechanisms of maternal‐fetal crosstalk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the antiasthmatic and anti‐inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus plantarum‐CQPC11 (LP‐CQPC11) on ovalbumin (OVA)‐induced asthmatic Balb/c mice. Administration of different doses of LP‐CQPC11 (105, 107, and 109 colony‐forming unit [CFU]/mouse) effectively reduced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and the lung W/D ratio in asthmatic mice. LP‐CQPC11 treatment reduced the accumulation of inflammatory cells in the BALF and attenuated histologic edema in asthmatic mice. Administration of LP‐CQPC11 decreased the serum levels of OVA‐specific IgE, IgE, and OVA‐specific IgG1. LP‐CQPC11 treatment decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐4, IL‐13, IL‐5, and IL‐6) in the BALF of asthmatic mice. In addition, LP‐CQPC11 also elevated the mRNA levels of Foxp3 and T‐bet and decreased the mRNA levels of Gata3 and RORγt in asthmatic mice lungs. Administration of LP‐CQPC11 also reduced OVA‐induced oxidative stress by improving the activities of GSH‐Px, SOD, and catalase in the lungs. Finally, LP‐CQPC11 treatment also significantly decreased the activation of the NF‐κB pathway to modulate the inflammatory reaction in the lungs of asthmatic mice. The results from this study clearly demonstrated that oral administration of LP‐CQPC11 exhibited outstanding activity in attenuating OVA‐induced asthma in a mouse model. Furthermore, LP‐CQPC11 may be an effective microecologic agent in preventing allergic asthma in the future. Practical applications: Allergic asthma is a common chronic inflammation‐associated respiratory disease. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known as a health product involved in modulating immune tolerance and play important roles in disease prevention and treatment. Many studies have reported that LAB, as probiotics, exhibits great antioxidation, anticancer, and anti‐inflammatory activities and have health benefits in gastrointestinal disorders. In fact, human studies have confirmed that Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains have an effective activity to reduce the risk of allergic asthma. LP‐CQPC11 was isolated from Sichuan pickled cabbages (a type of LAB‐fermented vegetable product, also called Sichuan paocai) and was reported to reduce d‐galactose‐induced aging in mice in our previous study. However, the antiasthmatic and anti‐inflammatory activities of LP‐CQPC11 are unclear. The current study investigated the antiasthmatic and anti‐inflammatory effects of LP‐CQPC11 on OVA‐induced asthmatic Balb/c mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Facile antigen/adjuvant co-loaded nanovaccine made by convenient green preparation. • The immunological activity of the antigen and adjuvant was maximally preserved. • The minimalist nanovaccine had excellent stability and antitumor immune activation. • Nanovaccine combined with PD-1 antibody synergistically enhanced therapy outcome. • Good practicability for expanding clinical translation and personalized therapy. Tumor vaccine has been a research boom for cancer immunotherapy, while its therapeutic outcome is severely depressed by the vulnerable in vivo delivery efficiency. Moreover, tumor immune escape is also another intractable issue, which has badly whittled down the therapeutic efficiency. Our study aims to solve the above dilemmas by cooperating minimalist nanovaccine with PD-1 blockade for effective and feasible cancer immunotherapy. The minimalist antigen and adjuvant co-delivery nanovaccine was developed by employing natural polycationic protamine (PRT) to carry the electronegative ovalbumin (OVA) antigen and unmethylated Cytosine-phosphorothioate-Guanine (CpG) adjuvant via convenient chemical bench-free "green" preparation without chemical-synthesis and no organic solvent was required, which could preserve the immunological activities of the antigens and adjuvants. On that basis, PD-1 antibody (aPD-1) was utilized to block the tumor immune escape and cooperate with the nanovaccine by maintaining the tumoricidal-activity of the vaccine-induced T cells. Benefited from the polycationic PRT, the facile PRT/CpG/OVA nanovaccine displayed satisfactory delivery performance, involving enhanced cellular uptake in dendritic cells (DCs), realizable endosomal escape and promoted stimulation for DCs' maturation. These features would be helpful for the antitumor immunotherapeutic efficiency of the nanovaccine. Furthermore, the cooperation of the nanovaccine with aPD-1 synergistically improved the immunotherapy outcome, profiting by the cooperation of the "T cell induction" competency of the nanovaccine and the "T cell maintenance" function of the aPD-1. This study will provide new concepts for the design and construction of facile nanovaccines, and contribute valuable scientific basis for cancer immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista La Tadeo de Arte is the property of La Fundacion Universidad de Bogota Jorge Tadeo Lozano and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory airway disease (IAD) that is characterized by itching, nasal obstruction, and sneezing. AR is induced by Th-2 inflammatory responses such as those mediated by IgE and IL-4. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of an herbal concoction, which is a combination of Cinnamomum cassia and Artemisa annua extracts (CIAR) against ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis in a Balb/C mouse model. The effect of CIAR on the Th-2 mediated inflammatory response in the AR mouse model was studied by analyzing blood or nasal fluid samples. Experimental results revealed that OVA inhalation increased IgE, IL-4, IL-33, and TSLP levels, leading to Th2-type cytokine response. CIAR was found to significantly reduce the Th-2 response and levels of cytokines, including IL-4, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). CIAR also down-regulated eosinophil (EOS) and basophil (BASO) levels in the blood. Histological analyses demonstrated decreased OVA-induced thickness of the respiratory epithelium in the CIAR-treated group. Collectively, our results suggest that the herbal concoction CIAR can effectively ameliorate the development of allergic rhinitis through the inhibition of Th-2 mediated responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La Realidad Aumentada es una tecnología que complementa la percepción e interacción con el mundo real y permite al usuario estar en un entorno real aumentado con información adicional generada por el ordenador. El mundo académico no está al margen de estas iniciativas y también ha empezado a introducir la tecnología de la Realidad Aumentada en algunas de sus disciplinas, en este caso, la en el aprendizaje de la matemática financiera, sin embargo, el conocimiento y la aplicabilidad de esta tecnología en la docencia es mínima; entre otros motivos se debe a la propia naturaleza y estado de desarrollo de dicha tecnología, así como también a su escasa presencia en los ámbitos cotidianos de la sociedad. El desarrollo de iniciativas en la utilización de esta tecnología en la educación y su divulgación contribuirán a su extensión en la comunidad docente- estudiante. Dado lo anterior, este trabajo plantea el uso de Realidad Aumentada aplicada a Objetos de Aprendizaje, con el propósito de verificar su implementación para tópicos específicos, por medio una aplicación móvil, en este caso la asignatura de matemáticas Financieras, en la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas Administrativas y Contables de la universidad del Sinú.

Las matemáticas siempre han ocupado un lugar importante en la evolución del ser humano y se encuentran inmersas en todos los avances tecnológicos que se han presentado en la sociedad con el paso de los años, esto hace que los docentes deban darle la importancia que merecen con el objetivo de brindar una enseñanza de calidad que cumpla las expectativas y necesidades actuales. Sin embargo, los resultados de las pruebas de estado en Colombia indican que las áreas asociadas a las matemáticas se encuentran con estándares de desempeño bajos, principalmente causadas por contextos inadecuados para el aprendizaje, falta de motivación del estudiantado y una enseñanza poco efectiva en el área (MEN, 2016). En el grado tercero de la Institución Educativa Técnico Rafael García Herreros se identificó bajo rendimiento y dificultades en el aprendizaje de las operaciones básicas en matemáticas, principalmente en la falta de bases conceptuales claras y poca comprensión de su aplicabilidad en situaciones problema, así mismo, a partir del crecimiento e integración de las tecnologías en la educación se hace evidente que la incorporación de estrategias interactivas en la enseñanza tiene el potencial de facilitar y motivar al estudiante frente a sus procesos de aprendizaje. Por todo lo anterior, el objetivo de la presente investigación, fue analizar la incidencia de la metodología MACOBA en el aprendizaje de las operaciones básicas matemáticas de los estudiantes del grado 3-2 de la IE Técnico Rafael García Herreros, buscando que, a partir de la metodología planteada y la aplicación de Objetos Virtuales de Aprendizaje (OVAS), los estudiantes fortalezcan las falencias presentadas, puesto que, es claro que de continuar esta problemática, pueda sentar bases inadecuadas para el aprendizaje en niveles de matemática superiores. El estudio se desarrolló mediante el enfoque de investigación cualitativa y el diseño de investigación - acción, soportándose en el modelo de Kemmis y McTaggar (1988), con una propuesta diseñada desde la Metodología de Aprendizaje Colaborativo para la Producción y Consumo de Objetos de Aprendizaje - MACOBA (Margain, Muñoz, & Alvarez, 2009). De acuerdo al análisis de los resultados arrojados por los instrumentos, se observan avances en el interés y motivación hacia el aprendizaje de las matemáticas, comprenden mejor la temática a través de la actividad didáctica interactiva en la aplicación inicial de los OVAS mostrando avances en su desarrollo y aplicación. Una de las dificultades importantes para la aplicación de la estrategia fue el proceso de alternancia instaurado por el colegio que no permitió que todos los estudiantes del grado participaran de la propuesta, sin embargo, se sugiere que en años posteriores pueda implementarse la estrategia planteada en otros grados y con la totalidad de estudiantes.

Ovalbumin (OVA) is one of the major allergenic proteins in egg that contain numerous functional properties. Here, oxidation-induced changes to the structure, functional properties, and allergenicity of OVA were evaluated after 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) and acrolein treatment. Oxidation complexes were prepared by the lipid peroxidation, which caused structural changes, and increased digestibility, foaming, and emulsifying properties. The IgE-binding capacity of OVA decreased after oxidation. KU812 cell assay showed that the histamine and IL-4 levels decreased upon oxidation with AAPH and acrolein. A mouse model study showed that oxidation caused a reduction in the allergenicity by reducing IgE and IgG1 levels and the production of Th2 cytokines after acrolein (1 mmol/L) and AAPH (5 mmol/L) treatment. Thus, OVA could cause changes to structural and functional properties, modulating Th1/Th2 immunobalance, and reducing potential allergenicity after oxidation by lipid peroxidation, which might provide an effective and potential method to process hypoallergenic OVA.

Although biomacromolecules are promising cytosolic drugs which have attracted tremendous attention, the major obstacles were the cellular membrane hindering the entrance and the endosome entrapment inducing biomacromolecule degradation. How to avoid those limitations to realize directly cytosolic delivery was still a challenge. Here, we prepared oligoarginine modified lipid to assemble a nanovesicle for biomacromolecules delivery, including mRNA (mRNA) and proteins which could be directly delivered into the cytoplasm of dendritic cells through subendocytosis-mediated membrane fusion. We named this membrane fusion lipid nanovesicle as MF-LNV. The mRNA loaded MF-LNV as nanovaccines showed efficient antigen expression to elicit robust immuno responses for cancer therapy. What's more, the antigen protein loaded MF-LNV as nanovaccines elicits much stronger CD8 + T cell specific responses than lipid nanoparticles through normal uptake pathways. This MF-LNV represented a refreshing strategy for intracellular delivery of the biomacromolecule.

Objective: To report a rare case of schistosomiasis observed during semen evaluation. Design: Case report. Setting: University hospital. Patient(s): A 30-year-old man referred for semen analysis. Interventions(s): None. Main Outcome Measures(s): Poor sperm motility and viability. Result(s): The patient produced 9.8 mL of brown colored semen with a bad odor. Total and progressive sperm motility were 9% and 2%, respectively. Sperm concentration was 112 million/mL. Microscopic semen evaluation showed slight sperm agglutination, a large number of Schistosoma haematobium ova, extensive debris, and a large numberot of amorphous cells. Approximately 20 million/mL of neutrophils were observed in the ejaculate. The sperm viability was extremely low (13%). Sperm morphology was 6% normal, and most abnormal sperm had coiled tails in addition to other abnormalities. Conclusion(s): A microscopic examination of semen from suspected Schistosoma haematobium–infected patients may not only help in confirming diagnosis but may also highlight the underlying infertility due to this infestation. Such cases are rarely observed in andrology laboratories; therefore, it is important to train all testing staff on rare semen samples.

Allergic asthma is well known as a common respiratory disorder comprising an allergic inflammatory nature and excessive immune characteristic. N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is an RNA epigenetic modification that post-transcriptionally regulates gene expression and function by affecting the RNA fate. Currently, m6A methylation is gaining attention as a mechanism of immunoregulation. However, whether m6A methylation engages the pathological process of asthma remains uncertain. Here, we present the m6A methylomic landscape in the lung tissues of ovalbumin-induced acute asthma mice using MeRIP-seq and RNA-seq. We identified 353 hypermethylated m6A peaks within 329 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and 150 hypomethylated m6A peaks within 143 mRNAs in the lung tissues of asthmatic mice. These differentially methylated mRNAs were found to be involved in several immune function-relevant signaling pathways. In addition, we predicted 25 RNA-binding proteins that recognize the differentially methylated peak sites by exploring public databases, and the roles of these proteins are mostly related to mRNA biogenesis and metabolism. To further investigate the expression levels of the differentially methylated genes, we performed combined analysis of the m6A methylome and transcriptome data and identified 127 hypermethylated mRNAs (107 high and 20 low expression) and 43 hypomethylated mRNAs with differential expressions (9 high and 34 low expression). Of these, there are a list of mRNAs involved in immune function and regulation. The present results highlight the essential role of m6A methylation in the pathogenesis of asthma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, immunoregulation and desensitization therapies were jointly applied in the treatment of asthma, in which chitosan (CS) nanoparticles were used. BALB/c mice were selected and mouse models of asthma were constructed. Mice were divided into 7 groups. A double-chamber plethysmograph, MTT, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and ELISA were used. The expression levels of IL-4 and IL-5 in lung tissue cells were detected. CS-BCG-PSN-OVA sustained-release vaccines significantly alleviated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in asthmatic mice. The numbers of total lymphocytes and eosinophils in BALF were remarkably reduced. The expression levels of IL-4 and IL-5 in lung tissue cells of the treatment groups were dramatically decreased. CS-BCG-PSN-OVA was found in vitro to be able to inhibit OVA-induced T-cell proliferation and upregulate the proportion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells. CS-BCG-PSN-OVA sustained-release vaccine could significantly attenuate AHR and airway inflammation in asthmatic mice. Thus, it has a promising application prospect for the treatment of bronchial asthma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]