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2. Laser cooling of positronium

Author

Shu, K., Tajima, Y., Uozumi, R., Miyamoto, N., Shiraishi, S., Kobayashi, T., Ishida, A., Yamada, K., Gladen, R. W., Namba, T., Asai, S., Wada, K., Mochizuki, I., Hyodo, T., Ito, K., Michishio, K., O'Rourke, B. E., Oshima, N., and Yoshioka, K.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

When laser radiation is skilfully applied, atoms and molecules can be cooled allowing precise measurements and control of quantum systems. This is essential in fundamental studies of physics as well as practical applications such as precision spectroscopy, quantum-statistical-property manifesting ultracold gases, and quantum computing. In laser cooling, repeated cycles of laser photon absorption and direction-independent spontaneous emission can slow atoms and molecules to otherwise unattainable velocities. Simple systems can provide a rigorous testing ground for fundamental theories of physics; one such system is the purely leptonic positronium, an exotic atom of an electron and its antiparticle, the positron. However, the cooling of positronium has hitherto remained unrealised. Here, we demonstrate laser cooling of positronium. A novel laser system of a train of broadband pulses with successively increasing central frequencies was used to overcome major challenges presented by the short lifetime of positronium and the significant Doppler broadening and recoil as a consequence of its very light mass. One-dimensional chirp cooling of the dilute positronium gas in a counter-propagating configuration gave a final velocity distribution corresponding to approximately 1 K in a short time of 100 ns. This study on a pure leptonic system is a major step in the field of low-temperature fundamental physics of antimatter, and is complementary to the laser cooling of antihydrogen, a hadron-containing exotic atom. Progress in this field is vital in elucidating the origin of the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe. The application of laser cooling to positronium may afford a unique opportunity to rigorously test bound-state quantum electrodynamics. Moreover, laser cooling of positronium is key to the realisation of Bose-Einstein condensation in this matter-antimatter system.

Published
2023

5. Robustness of semimetallic transport properties of TaAs against off-stoichiometric disorder.

Author

Kawasuso, A., Suda, M., Murakawa, H., Komada, M., Suzuki, C., Amada, H., Michishio, K., Maekawa, M., Miyashita, A., Seko, N., Yamamoto, S., Oshima, N., Seki, S., and Hanasaki, N.

Subjects
CHARGE carrier mobility, POSITRON annihilation, ANTISITE defects, CARRIER density, TRANSMISSION electron microscopes, SINGLE crystals, MAGNETORESISTANCE
Abstract

TaAs single crystals were grown by a standard chemical vapor transport method. The single-crystallinity and homogeneous distribution of elements were confirmed by transmission electron microscope and x-ray diffraction observations. Positron annihilation measurements revealed that the atomic vacancy concentration was kept below 10 − 5 at. %. However, inductively coupled plasma analysis showed an As-deficient (7–9 at. %) off-stoichiometry. First-principles calculations implied that the off-stoichiometry could be compensated for with excess Ta antisite defects, thereby inducing metallic states. Nevertheless, excellent semimetallic transport properties of a well-suppressed carrier density (≲ 10 18 cm − 3 ), ultrahigh carrier mobility (≳ 10 6 cm 2 /V/s), and large transverse magnetoresistance (> --> 200 000 % at 9 T) with the quantum oscillation were obtained at 1.7 K. This indicated the robustness of semimetallic transport properties against the off-stoichiometric disorder and the quenching of metallic conduction associated with excess Ta atoms. The negative longitudinal magnetoresistance, which is considered evidence of a Weyl semimetal (chiral anomaly), was not observed. These data were discussed with theoretical calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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7. Simulations of slow positron production using a low energy electron accelerator

Author

O'Rourke, B. E., Hayashizaki, N., Kinomura, A., Kuroda, R., Minehara, E., Ohdaira, T., Oshima, N., and Suzuki, R.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

Monte Carlo simulations of slow positron production via energetic electron interaction with a solid target have been performed. The aim of the simulations was to determine the expected slow positron beam intensity from a low energy, high current electron accelerator. By simulating (a) the fast positron production from a tantalum electron-positron converter and (b) the positron depth deposition profile in a tungsten moderator, the slow positron production probability per incident electron was estimated. Normalizing the calculated result to the measured slow positron yield at the present AIST LINAC the expected slow positron yield as a function of energy was determined. For an electron beam energy of 5 MeV (10 MeV) and current 240 $\mu$A (30 $\mu$A) production of a slow positron beam of intensity 5 $\times$ 10$^{6}$ s$^{-1}$ is predicted. The simulation also calculates the average energy deposited in the converter per electron, allowing an estimate of the beam heating at a given electron energy and current. For low energy, high-current operation the maximum obtainable positron beam intensity will be limited by this beam heating., Comment: 11 pages, 15 figures, submitted to Review of Scientific Instruments

Published
2011
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9. THE GLOBAL AEROSOL SYNTHESIS AND SCIENCE PROJECT (GASSP) : Measurements and Modeling to Reduce Uncertainty

Author

Reddington, C. L., Carslaw, K. S., Stier, P., Schutgens, N., Coe, H., Liu, D., Allan, J., Browse, J., Pringle, K. J., Lee, L. A., Yoshioka, M., Johnson, J. S., Regayre, L. A., Spracklen, D. V., Mann, G. W., Clarke, A., Hermann, M., Henning, S., Wex, H., Kristensen, T. B., Leaitch, W. R., Pöschl, U., Rose, D., Andreae, M. O., Schmale, J., Kondo, Y., Oshima, N., Schwarz, J. P., Nenes, A., Anderson, B., Roberts, G. C., Snider, J. R., Leck, C., Quinn, P. K., Chi, X., Ding, A., Jimenez, J. L., and Zhang, Q.

Published
2017

13. Asian chemical outflow to the Pacific in late spring observed during the PEACE‐B aircraft mission

Author

Oshima, N, Koike, M, Nakamura, H, Kondo, Y, Takegawa, N, Miyazaki, Y, Blake, DR, Shirai, T, Kita, K, Kawakami, S, and Ogawa, T

Subjects
Climate Action, transport, convection, chemical outflow, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Abstract

The Pacific Exploration of Asian Continental Emission phase B (PEACE-B) aircraft mission was conducted over the western Pacific during April-May 2002. During several flights large enhancements of CO greater than 200 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) were served at altitudes between 5 and 10 km. In this paper, we describe vertical transport mechanisms over east Asia that were responsible for these enhancements, using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) meteorological data and infrared cloud data obtained by the Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS)-5. A case study for the highest CO event shows that it was likely due to vertical transport of pollutants caused by deep cumulus convection along a quasi-stationary frontal zone, which was formed over central China (around the Yangtze River at 30°N). In the mean meteorological field during the PEACE-B period, the warm, moist low-level southerlies converged into the frontal zone, sustaining cross-frontal temperature and moisture contrasts. Along the frontal zone, the mean vertical motion was distinctively upward, and a subtropical jet aloft was found to transport uplifted air parcels efficiently into the western Pacific. In this study, criteria to identify deep convection are defined using both the ECMWF and GMS data. The results show that convective activity, which was generally high below the subtropical jet, played an important role in producing updrafts over central China. The convective transport resulted mainly from a limited number of episodes, each of which followed the development of a weak cyclonic disturbance. Back trajectories of air parcels sampled at altitudes between 4 and 13 km on board the aircraft during PEACE-B show that among the air parcels originating from the 800-hPa level or below, 69% were likely to have undergone convective uplifting. In addition to convection, sloping isentropes often observed along the quasi-stationary jet axis yielded persistent slow quasi-adiabatic uplifting of air over the Far East, which was occasionally intensified with a classical warm conveyor belt (WCB) airstream on the passage of migratory cyclonic disturbances. Meteorological conditions during PEACE-B were thus favorable for the upliffing of boundary layer air influenced by anthropogenic emissions over central China. These results are consistent with the relatively high levels of Halon 1211 (CF2ClBr), a good tracer of Chinese anthropogenic emissions, observed in the air parcels that were likely uplifted in the frontal zone. Coyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.

Published
2004

16. Attribution of Stratospheric and Tropospheric Ozone Changes Between 1850 and 2014 in CMIP6 Models

Author

Zeng, G, Morgenstern, O, Williams, JHT, O’Connor, FM, Griffiths, PT, Keeble, J, Deushi, M, Horowitz, LW, Naik, V, Emmons, LK, Abraham, NL, Archibald, AT, Bauer, SE, Hassler, B, Michou, M, Mills, MJ, Murray, LT, Oshima, N, Sentman, LT, Tilmes, S, Tsigaridis, K, Young, PJ, Zeng, G [0000-0002-9356-5021], Morgenstern, O [0000-0002-9967-9740], Williams, JHT [0000-0002-0680-0098], O’Connor, FM [0000-0003-2893-4828], Griffiths, PT [0000-0002-1089-340X], Keeble, J [0000-0003-2714-1084], Deushi, M [0000-0002-0373-3918], Horowitz, LW [0000-0002-5886-3314], Naik, V [0000-0002-2254-1700], Emmons, LK [0000-0003-2325-6212], Archibald, AT [0000-0001-9302-4180], Bauer, SE [0000-0001-7823-8690], Michou, M [0000-0002-1751-3326], Mills, MJ [0000-0002-8054-1346], Murray, LT [0000-0002-3447-3952], Oshima, N [0000-0002-8451-2411], Sentman, LT [0000-0003-1954-5564], Tilmes, S [0000-0002-6557-3569], Tsigaridis, K [0000-0001-5328-819X], Young, PJ [0000-0002-5608-8887], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
AerChemMIP, Atmospheric Science, ozone, ozone depletion, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), ozone trend, chemistry-climate models, attribution, CMIP6, anthropogenic forcing
Abstract

Funder: New Zealand Ministry for Business, Innovation and Employment, Funder: NIWA programme CACV, Funder: New Zealand eScience Infrastructure, Funder: BEIS, Funder: Met Office and the Natural Environment Research Council, Funder: Natural Environment Research Council, Funder: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Funder: DLR space research program, Funder: Canadian Space Agency, We quantify the impacts of halogenated ozone‐depleting substances (ODSs), greenhouse gases (GHGs), and short‐lived ozone precursors on ozone changes between 1850 and 2014 using single‐forcing perturbation simulations from several Earth system models with interactive chemistry participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Aerosol and Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project. We present the responses of ozone to individual forcings and an attribution of changes in ozone columns and vertically resolved stratospheric and tropospheric ozone to these forcings. We find that whilst substantial ODS‐induced ozone loss dominates the stratospheric ozone changes since the 1970s, in agreement with previous studies, increases in tropospheric ozone due to increases in short‐lived ozone precursors and methane since the 1950s make increasingly important contributions to total column ozone (TCO) changes. Increases in methane also lead to substantial extra‐tropical stratospheric ozone increases. Impacts of nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide on stratospheric ozone are significant but their impacts on TCO are small overall due to several opposing factors and are also associated with large dynamical variability. The multi‐model mean (MMM) results show a clear change in the stratospheric ozone trends after 2000 due to now declining ODSs, but the trends are generally not significantly positive, except in the extra‐tropical upper stratosphere, due to relatively small changes in forcing over this period combined with large model uncertainty. Although the MMM ozone compares well with the observations, the inter‐model differences are large primarily due to the large differences in the models' representation of ODS‐induced ozone depletion.

Published
2022

20. High Flux of Small Sulfate Aerosols During the 1970s Reconstructed From the SE-Dome Ice Core in Greenland

Author

Iizuka, Y., Uemura, R., Matsui, H., Oshima, N., Kawakami, K., Hattori, S., Ohno, H., Matoba, S., Iizuka, Y., Uemura, R., Matsui, H., Oshima, N., Kawakami, K., Hattori, S., Ohno, H., and Matoba, S.

Abstract

Aerosols significantly affect Earth's radiation budget, thus influencing global climate. In the Arctic, sulfate aerosols are thought to have reduced the warming during the twentieth century. However, trends in past sulfate aerosols are poorly known, especially the aerosol sizes and compositions. Here, we analyze a high-resolution ice core from southeastern Greenland, comparing the seasonal deposition flux of large sulfate salt particles and small sulfur compounds, including non-neutralized sulfuric acid, between the anthropogenic sulfate maximum (1973-1975) and after sulfur emissions control (2010-2012). Between these periods, we find that the large-diameter (>0.4 mu m) flux remains roughly unchanged, yet the small-diameter (<0.4 mu m) aerosol flux significantly decreases. The results indicate that small sulfates were efficiently activated as cloud condensation nuclei during the 1970s, and thus likely increased cloud albedo, offsetting the warming.

Published
2022

21. High Flux of Small Sulfate Aerosols During the 1970s Reconstructed From the SE-Dome Ice Core in Greenland

Author

1000040370043, Iizuka, Y., 1000000580143, Uemura, R., 1000050549508, Matsui, H., 1000050590064, Oshima, N., Kawakami, K., 1000070700152, Hattori, S., Ohno, H., 1000030391163, Matoba, S., 1000040370043, Iizuka, Y., 1000000580143, Uemura, R., 1000050549508, Matsui, H., 1000050590064, Oshima, N., Kawakami, K., 1000070700152, Hattori, S., Ohno, H., 1000030391163, and Matoba, S.

Abstract

Aerosols significantly affect Earth's radiation budget, thus influencing global climate. In the Arctic, sulfate aerosols are thought to have reduced the warming during the twentieth century. However, trends in past sulfate aerosols are poorly known, especially the aerosol sizes and compositions. Here, we analyze a high-resolution ice core from southeastern Greenland, comparing the seasonal deposition flux of large sulfate salt particles and small sulfur compounds, including non-neutralized sulfuric acid, between the anthropogenic sulfate maximum (1973-1975) and after sulfur emissions control (2010-2012). Between these periods, we find that the large-diameter (>0.4 mu m) flux remains roughly unchanged, yet the small-diameter (<0.4 mu m) aerosol flux significantly decreases. The results indicate that small sulfates were efficiently activated as cloud condensation nuclei during the 1970s, and thus likely increased cloud albedo, offsetting the warming.

Published
2022

22. Clean air policies are key for successfully mitigating Arctic warming

Author

von Salzen, K., Whaley, C.H., Anenberg, S.C., Van Dingenen, R., Klimont, Z., Flanner, M.G., Mahmood, R., Arnold, S.R., Beagley, S., Chien, R.-Y., Christensen, J.H., Eckhardt, S., Ekman, A.M.L., Evangeliou, N., Faluvegi, G., Fu, J.S., Gauss, M., Gong, W., Hjorth, J.L., Im, U., Krishnan, S., Kupiainen, K., Kühn, T., Langner, J., Law, K.S., Marelle, L., Olivié, D., Onishi, T., Oshima, N., Paunu, V.-V., Peng, Y., Plummer, D., Pozzoli, L., Rao, S., Raut, J.-C., Sand, M., Schmale, J., Sigmond, M., Thomas, M.A., Tsigaridis, K., Tsyro, S., Turnock, S.T., Wang, M., Winter, B., von Salzen, K., Whaley, C.H., Anenberg, S.C., Van Dingenen, R., Klimont, Z., Flanner, M.G., Mahmood, R., Arnold, S.R., Beagley, S., Chien, R.-Y., Christensen, J.H., Eckhardt, S., Ekman, A.M.L., Evangeliou, N., Faluvegi, G., Fu, J.S., Gauss, M., Gong, W., Hjorth, J.L., Im, U., Krishnan, S., Kupiainen, K., Kühn, T., Langner, J., Law, K.S., Marelle, L., Olivié, D., Onishi, T., Oshima, N., Paunu, V.-V., Peng, Y., Plummer, D., Pozzoli, L., Rao, S., Raut, J.-C., Sand, M., Schmale, J., Sigmond, M., Thomas, M.A., Tsigaridis, K., Tsyro, S., Turnock, S.T., Wang, M., and Winter, B.

Abstract

A tighter integration of modeling frameworks for climate and air quality is urgently needed to assess the impacts of clean air policies on future Arctic and global climate. We combined a new model emulator and comprehensive emissions scenarios for air pollutants and greenhouse gases to assess climate and human health co-benefits of emissions reductions. Fossil fuel use is projected to rapidly decline in an increasingly sustainable world, resulting in far-reaching air quality benefits. Despite human health benefits, reductions in sulfur emissions in a more sustainable world could enhance Arctic warming by 0.8 °C in 2050 relative to the 1995–2014, thereby offsetting climate benefits of greenhouse gas reductions. Targeted and technically feasible emissions reduction opportunities exist for achieving simultaneous climate and human health co-benefits. It would be particularly beneficial to unlock a newly identified mitigation potential for carbon particulate matter, yielding Arctic climate benefits equivalent to those from carbon dioxide reductions by 2050.

Published
2022
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23. Factors Influencing Motile Activities of Fish Chromatophores

Author

Fujii, R., Oshima, N., Gilles, R., editor, Arpigny, J. L., Coyette, J., Davail, S., Feller, G., Fonzé, E., Foulkes, E. C., Frère, J.-M., Fujii, R., Génicot, S., Gerday, Ch., Joris, B., Lamotte-Brasseur, J., Maina, J. N., Narinx, E., Nguyen-Disteche, M., Oshima, N., Viarengo, A., and Zekhnini, Z.

Published
1994
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26. Help-seeking behavior among Japanese school students who self-harm: results from a self-report survey of 18,104 adolescents

Author

Furukawa TA, Akechi T, Inoue S, Sasaki T, Oshima N, Inoue K, Shimodera S, Nishida A, Watanabe N, and Okazaki Y

Subjects
Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Norio Watanabe,1,* Atsushi Nishida,2,* Shinji Shimodera,3 Ken Inoue,4 Norihito Oshima,5 Tsukasa Sasaki,6 Shimpei Inoue,3 Tatsuo Akechi,1 Toshi A Furukawa,7 Yuji Okazaki81Department of Psychiatry and Cognitive-Behavioral Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 2Department of Schizophrenia Research, Tokyo Institute of Psychiatry, Tokyo, 3Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, 4Department Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, 5Office for Mental Health Support, Division for Counseling and Support, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 6Health Service Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 7Department of Cognitive-Behavioral Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto, 8Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan *These authors contributed equally to this workBackground: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with poor help-seeking among adolescents who self-harm and to explore the resources used for help.Methods: A cross-sectional survey using an anonymous questionnaire was conducted in 47 junior and 30 senior high schools in Japan. Adolescent self-harm was defined as an adolescent who had harmed himself or herself in the previous year, as in previous studies reported in Western countries. Poor help-seeking was defined as not consulting anyone despite reporting current psychological or somatic complaints. Information about sociodemographic and psychological factors possibly associated with help-seeking, such as suicidal thoughts, depression, anxiety, and psychotic-like experiences, was also collected. Regression analyses were performed to examine associated factors.Results: A total of 18,104 students (8620 aged 12–15 years, 9484 aged 15–18 years), accounting for 93% of all students in the relevant student classes, participated in the study. Two hundred and seventy-six (3.3%) junior and 396 (4.3%) senior high school students reported having self-harmed. Of these, 40.6% of adolescents in junior and 37.6% in senior high schools were classified as poor help-seeking. Poor help-seeking with regard to self-harm was significantly more common in those who reported not having consulted anyone about psychological problems (odds ratio 9.2, 95% confidence interval 4.6–18.4 in juniors; odds ratio 9.9, confidence interval 5.5–17.9 in seniors) and in those with current suicidal ideation (odds ratio 2.0, confidence interval 1.0–3.7 in juniors; odds ratio 1.9, confidence interval 1.1–3.4 in seniors). Family members were approached significantly less often as a resource for help by students who self-harmed than by those who did not, and school nurses were more often consulted by those who did self-harm.Conclusion: Around 40% of adolescents who self-harmed in the previous year did not seek help. School-based mental health should screen students at risk of self-harm, and educate school nurses about preventative care.Keywords: self-harm, adolescence, help-seeking, prevention, Japan

Published
2012

28. Tropospheric ozone in CMIP6 simulations

Author

Griffiths, P. T., Murray, L. T., Zeng, G., Shin, Y. M., Abraham, N. Luke, Archibald, A. T., Deushi, M., Emmons, Louisa K., Galbally, I. E., Hassler, B., Horowitz, L. W., Keeble, J., Liu, J., Moeini, O., Naik, V., O'Connor, Fiona M., Oshima, N., Tarasick, D., Tilmes, S., Turnock, S. T., Wild, O., Young, P. J., Zanis, P., Griffiths, P. T., Murray, L. T., Zeng, G., Shin, Y. M., Abraham, N. Luke, Archibald, A. T., Deushi, M., Emmons, Louisa K., Galbally, I. E., Hassler, B., Horowitz, L. W., Keeble, J., Liu, J., Moeini, O., Naik, V., O'Connor, Fiona M., Oshima, N., Tarasick, D., Tilmes, S., Turnock, S. T., Wild, O., Young, P. J., and Zanis, P.

Abstract

The evolution of tropospheric ozone from 1850 to 2100 has been studied using data from Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). We evaluate long-term changes using coupled atmosphere–ocean chemistry–climate models, focusing on the CMIP Historical and ScenarioMIP ssp370 experiments, for which detailed tropospheric-ozone diagnostics were archived. The model ensemble has been evaluated against a suite of surface, sonde and satellite observations of the past several decades and found to reproduce well the salient spatial, seasonal and decadal variability and trends. The multi-model mean tropospheric-ozone burden increases from 247 ± 36 Tg in 1850 to a mean value of 356 ± 31 Tg for the period 2005–2014, an increase of 44 %. Modelled present-day values agree well with previous determinations (ACCENT: 336 ± 27 Tg; Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project, ACCMIP: 337 ± 23 Tg; Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report, TOAR: 340 ± 34 Tg). In the ssp370 experiments, the ozone burden increases to 416 ± 35 Tg by 2100. The ozone budget has been examined over the same period using lumped ozone production (PO3) and loss (LO3) diagnostics. Both ozone production and chemical loss terms increase steadily over the period 1850 to 2100, with net chemical production (PO3-LO3) reaching a maximum around the year 2000. The residual term, which contains contributions from stratosphere–troposphere transport reaches a minimum around the same time before recovering in the 21st century, while dry deposition increases steadily over the period 1850–2100. Differences between the model residual terms are explained in terms of variation in tropopause height and stratospheric ozone burden.

Published
2021

29. Significant climate benefits from near-term climate forcer mitigation in spite of aerosol reductions

Author

Allen, R.J., Horowitz, L., Naik, V., Oshima, N., O'Connor, F.M., Turnock, S., Shim, S., Le Sager, P., van Noije, T., Tsigaridis, K., Bauer, S., Sentman, L., John, J., Broderick, C., Deushi, M., Folberth, G., Fujimori, S., Collins, W., Allen, R.J., Horowitz, L., Naik, V., Oshima, N., O'Connor, F.M., Turnock, S., Shim, S., Le Sager, P., van Noije, T., Tsigaridis, K., Bauer, S., Sentman, L., John, J., Broderick, C., Deushi, M., Folberth, G., Fujimori, S., and Collins, W.

Abstract

Near-term climate forcers (NTCFs), including aerosols and chemically reactive gases such as tropospheric ozone and methane, offer a potential way to mitigate climate change and improve air quality—so called 'win-win' mitigation policies. Prior studies support improved air quality under NTCF mitigation, but with conflicting climate impacts that range from a significant reduction in the rate of global warming to only a modest impact. Here, we use state-of-the-art chemistry-climate model simulations conducted as part of the Aerosol and Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project (AerChemMIP) to quantify the 21st-century impact of NTCF reductions, using a realistic future emission scenario with a consistent air quality policy. Non-methane NTCF (NMNTCF; aerosols and ozone precursors) mitigation improves air quality, but leads to significant increases in global mean precipitation of 1.3% by mid-century and 1.4% by end-of-the-century, and corresponding surface warming of 0.23 and 0.21 K. NTCF (all-NTCF; including methane) mitigation further improves air quality, with larger reductions of up to 45% for ozone pollution, while offsetting half of the wetting by mid-century (0.7% increase) and all the wetting by end-of-the-century (non-significant 0.1% increase) and leading to surface cooling of −0.15 K by mid-century and −0.50 K by end-of-the-century. This suggests that methane mitigation offsets warming induced from reductions in NMNTCFs, while also leading to net improvements in air quality.

Published
2021

30. The Climate Response to Emissions Reductions Due to COVID‐19: Initial Results From CovidMIP

Author

Jones, C.D., Hickman, J.E., Rumbold, S.T., Walton, J., Lamboll, R.D., Skeie, R.B., Fiedler, S., Forster, P.M., Rogelj, J., Abe, M., Botzet, M., Calvin, K., Cassou, C., Cole, J., Davini, P., Deushi, M., Dix, M., Fyfe, J., Gillett, N., Ilyina, T., Kawamiya, M., Kelley, M., Kharin, S., Koshiro, T., Li, H., Mackallah, C., Müller, W., Nabat, P., van Noije, T., Nolan, P., Ohgaito, R., Olivié, D., Oshima, N., Parodi, J., Reerink, T., Ren, L., Romanou, A., Séférian, R., Tang, Y., Timmreck, C., Tjiputra, J., Tourigny, E., Tsigaridis, K., Wang, H., Wu, M., Wyser, K., Yang, S., Yang, Y., Ziehn, T., Jones, C.D., Hickman, J.E., Rumbold, S.T., Walton, J., Lamboll, R.D., Skeie, R.B., Fiedler, S., Forster, P.M., Rogelj, J., Abe, M., Botzet, M., Calvin, K., Cassou, C., Cole, J., Davini, P., Deushi, M., Dix, M., Fyfe, J., Gillett, N., Ilyina, T., Kawamiya, M., Kelley, M., Kharin, S., Koshiro, T., Li, H., Mackallah, C., Müller, W., Nabat, P., van Noije, T., Nolan, P., Ohgaito, R., Olivié, D., Oshima, N., Parodi, J., Reerink, T., Ren, L., Romanou, A., Séférian, R., Tang, Y., Timmreck, C., Tjiputra, J., Tourigny, E., Tsigaridis, K., Wang, H., Wu, M., Wyser, K., Yang, S., Yang, Y., and Ziehn, T.

Abstract

Many nations responded to the corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic by restricting travel and other activities during 2020, resulting in temporarily reduced emissions of CO2, other greenhouse gases and ozone and aerosol precursors. We present the initial results from a coordinated Intercomparison, CovidMIP, of Earth system model simulations which assess the impact on climate of these emissions reductions. 12 models performed multiple initial-condition ensembles to produce over 300 simulations spanning both initial condition and model structural uncertainty. We find model consensus on reduced aerosol amounts (particularly over southern and eastern Asia) and associated increases in surface shortwave radiation levels. However, any impact on near-surface temperature or rainfall during 2020–2024 is extremely small and is not detectable in this initial analysis. Regional analyses on a finer scale, and closer attention to extremes (especially linked to changes in atmospheric composition and air quality) are required to test the impact of COVID-19-related emission reductions on near-term climate. © 2021. Crown Copyright. © 2021. Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. This article is published with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queen's Printer for Scotland. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Environment and Climate Change Canada. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.

Published
2021

31. Effective radiative forcing from emissions of reactive gases and aerosols – a multi-model comparison

Author

Thornhill, G.D., Collins, W.J., Kramer, R.J., Olivié, D., Skeie, R.B., O'Connor, FM., Abraham, N.L., Checa-Garcia, R., Bauer, S.E., Deushi, M., Emmons, L.K., Forster, P.M., Horowitz, L.W., Johnson, B., Keeble, J., Lamarque, J.-F., Michou, M., Mills, M.J., Mulcahy, J.P., Myhre, G., Nabat, P., Naik, V., Oshima, N., Schulz, M., Smith, C., Takemura, T., Tilmes, S., Wu, T., Zeng, G, Zhang, J., Thornhill, G.D., Collins, W.J., Kramer, R.J., Olivié, D., Skeie, R.B., O'Connor, FM., Abraham, N.L., Checa-Garcia, R., Bauer, S.E., Deushi, M., Emmons, L.K., Forster, P.M., Horowitz, L.W., Johnson, B., Keeble, J., Lamarque, J.-F., Michou, M., Mills, M.J., Mulcahy, J.P., Myhre, G., Nabat, P., Naik, V., Oshima, N., Schulz, M., Smith, C., Takemura, T., Tilmes, S., Wu, T., Zeng, G, and Zhang, J.

Abstract

This paper quantifies the pre-industrial (1850) to present-day (2014) effective radiative forcing (ERF) of anthropogenic emissions of NOX, volatile organic compounds (VOCs; including CO), SO2, NH3, black carbon, organic carbon, and concentrations of methane, N2Oand ozonedepleting halocarbons, using CMIP6 models. Concentration and emission changes of reactive species can cause multiple changes in the composition of radiatively active species: tropospheric ozone, stratospheric ozone, stratospheric water vapour, secondary inorganic and organic aerosol, and methane. Where possible we break down the ERFs from each emitted species into the contributions from the composition changes. The ERFs are calculated for each of the models that participated in the AerChemMIP experiments as part of the CMIP6 project, where the relevant model output was available. The 1850 to 2014 multi-model mean ERFs ( standard deviations) are 1:030.37Wm2 for SO2emissions, 0:250.09Wm2 for organic carbon (OC), 0.150.17Wm2 for black carbon (BC) and 0:070.01Wm2 for NH3. For the combined aerosols (in the piClim-aer experiment) it is 1:010.25Wm2. The multi-model means for the reactive well-mixed greenhouse gases (including any effects on ozone and aerosol chemistry) are 0.670.17Wm2 for methane (CH4), 0.260.07Wm2 for nitrous oxide (N2O) and 0.120.2Wm2 for ozone-depleting halocarbons (HC). Emissions of the ozone precursors nitrogen oxides (NOx ), volatile organic compounds and both together (O3) lead to ERFs of 0.140.13, 0.090.14 and 0.200.07Wm2 respectively. The differences in ERFs calculated for the different models reflect differences in the complexity of their aerosol and chemistry schemes, especially in the case of methane where tropospheric chemistry captures increased forcing from ozone production.

Published
2021

32. A novel method for modeling the recoil in W boson events at hadron colliders

Author

Abazov, V.M., Abbott, B., Abolins, M., Acharya, B.S., Adams, M., Adams, T., Aguilo, E., Ahsan, M., Alexeev, G.D., Alkhazov, G., Alton, A., Alverson, G., Alves, G.A., Ancu, L.S., Andeen, T., Anzelc, M.S., Aoki, M., Arnoud, Y., Arov, M., Arthaud, M., Askew, A., Åsman, B., Atramentov, O., Avila, C., BackusMayes, J., Badaud, F., Bagby, L., Baldin, B., Bandurin, D.V., Banerjee, S., Barberis, E., Barfuss, A.-F., Bargassa, P., Baringer, P., Barreto, J., Bartlett, J.F., Bassler, U., Bauer, D., Beale, S., Bean, A., Begalli, M., Begel, M., Belanger-Champagne, C., Bellantoni, L., Bellavance, A., Benitez, J.A., Beri, S.B., Bernardi, G., Bernhard, R., Bertram, I., Besançon, M., Beuselinck, R., Bezzubov, V.A., Bhat, P.C., Bhatnagar, V., Blazey, G., Blessing, S., Bloom, K., Boehnlein, A., Boline, D., Bolton, T.A., Boos, E.E., Borissov, G., Bose, T., Brandt, A., Brock, R., Brooijmans, G., Bross, A., Brown, D., Bu, X.B., Buchholz, D., Buehler, M., Buescher, V., Bunichev, V., Burdin, S., Burnett, T.H., Buszello, C.P., Calfayan, P., Calpas, B., Calvet, S., Cammin, J., Carrasco-Lizarraga, M.A., Carrera, E., Carvalho, W., Casey, B.C.K., Castilla-Valdez, H., Chakrabarti, S., Chakraborty, D., Chan, K.M., Chandra, A., Cheu, E., Cho, D.K., Cho, S.W., Choi, S., Choudhary, B., Christoudias, T., Cihangir, S., Claes, D., Clutter, J., Cooke, M., Cooper, W.E., Corcoran, M., Couderc, F., Cousinou, M.-C., Cutts, D., Ćwiok, M., Das, A., Davies, G., De, K., de Jong, S.J., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., DeVaughan, K., Déliot, F., Demarteau, M., Demina, R., Denisov, D., Denisov, S.P., Desai, S., Diehl, H.T., Diesburg, M., Dominguez, A., Dorland, T., Dubey, A., Dudko, L.V., Duflot, L., Duggan, D., Duperrin, A., Dutt, S., Dyshkant, A., Eads, M., Edmunds, D., Ellison, J., Elvira, V.D., Enari, Y., Eno, S., Escalier, M., Evans, H., Evdokimov, A., Evdokimov, V.N., Facini, G., Ferapontov, A.V., Ferbel, T., Fiedler, F., Filthaut, F., Fisher, W., Fisk, H.E., Fortner, M., Fox, H., Fu, S., Fuess, S., Gadfort, T., Galea, C.F., Garcia-Bellido, A., Gavrilov, V., Gay, P., Geist, W., Geng, W., Gerber, C.E., Gershtein, Y., Gillberg, D., Ginther, G., Gómez, B., Goussiou, A., Grannis, P.D., Greder, S., Greenlee, H., Greenwood, Z.D., Gregores, E.M., Grenier, G., Gris, Ph., Grivaz, J.-F., Grohsjean, A., Grünendahl, S., Grünewald, M.W., Guo, F., Guo, J., Gutierrez, G., Gutierrez, P., Haas, A., Haefner, P., Hagopian, S., Haley, J., Hall, I., Hall, R.E., Han, L., Harder, K., Harel, A., Hauptman, J.M., Hays, J., Hebbeker, T., Hedin, D., Hegeman, J.G., Heinson, A.P., Heintz, U., Hensel, C., Heredia-De La Cruz, I., Herner, K., Hesketh, G., Hildreth, M.D., Hirosky, R., Hoang, T., Hobbs, J.D., Hoeneisen, B., Hohlfeld, M., Hossain, S., Houben, P., Hu, Y., Hubacek, Z., Huske, N., Hynek, V., Iashvili, I., Illingworth, R., Ito, A.S., Jabeen, S., Jaffré, M., Jain, S., Jakobs, K., Jamin, D., Jesik, R., Johns, K., Johnson, C., Johnson, M., Johnston, D., Jonckheere, A., Jonsson, P., Juste, A., Kajfasz, E., Karmanov, D., Kasper, P.A., Katsanos, I., Kaushik, V., Kehoe, R., Kermiche, S., Khalatyan, N., Khanov, A., Kharchilava, A., Kharzheev, Y.N., Khatidze, D., Kirby, M.H., Kirsch, M., Klima, B., Kohli, J.M., Konrath, J.-P., Kozelov, A.V., Kraus, J., Kuhl, T., Kumar, A., Kupco, A., Kurča, T., Kuzmin, V.A., Kvita, J., Lacroix, F., Lam, D., Lammers, S., Landsberg, G., Lebrun, P., Lee, H.S., Lee, W.M., Leflat, A., Lellouch, J., Li, L., Li, Q.Z., Lietti, S.M., Lim, J.K., Lincoln, D., Linnemann, J., Lipaev, V.V., Lipton, R., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Lobodenko, A., Lokajicek, M., Love, P., Lubatti, H.J., Luna-Garcia, R., Lyon, A.L., Maciel, A.K.A., Mackin, D., Mättig, P., Magaña-Villalba, R., Mal, P.K., Malik, S., Malyshev, V.L., Maravin, Y., Martin, B., McCarthy, R., McGivern, C.L., Meijer, M.M., Melnitchouk, A., Mendoza, L., Menezes, D., Mercadante, P.G., Merkin, M., Merritt, K.W., Meyer, A., Meyer, J., Mondal, N.K., Montgomery, H.E., Moore, R.W., Moulik, T., Muanza, G.S., Mulhearn, M., Mundal, O., Mundim, L., Nagy, E., Naimuddin, M., Narain, M., Neal, H.A., Negret, J.P., Neustroev, P., Nilsen, H., Nogima, H., Novaes, S.F., Nunnemann, T., Obrant, G., Ochando, C., Onoprienko, D., Orduna, J., Oshima, N., Osman, N., Osta, J., Otec, R., Otero y Garzón, G.J., Owen, M., Padilla, M., Padley, P., Pangilinan, M., Parashar, N., Park, S.-J., Park, S.K., Parsons, J., Partridge, R., Parua, N., Patwa, A., Penning, B., Perfilov, M., Peters, K., Peters, Y., Pétroff, P., Piegaia, R., Piper, J., Pleier, M.-A., Podesta-Lerma, P.L.M., Podstavkov, V.M., Pogorelov, Y., Pol, M.-E., Polozov, P., Popov, A.V., Prewitt, M., Protopopescu, S., Qian, J., Quadt, A., Quinn, B., Rakitine, A., Rangel, M.S., Ranjan, K., Ratoff, P.N., Renkel, P., Rich, P., Rijssenbeek, M., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizatdinova, F., Robinson, S., Rominsky, M., Royon, C., Rubinov, P., Ruchti, R., Safronov, G., Sajot, G., Sánchez-Hernández, A., Sanders, M.P., Sanghi, B., Savage, G., Sawyer, L., Scanlon, T., Schaile, D., Schamberger, R.D., Scheglov, Y., Schellman, H., Schliephake, T., Schlobohm, S., Schwanenberger, C., Schwienhorst, R., Sekaric, J., Severini, H., Shabalina, E., Shamim, M., Shary, V., Shchukin, A.A., Shivpuri, R.K., Siccardi, V., Simak, V., Sirotenko, V., Skubic, P., Slattery, P., Smirnov, D., Snow, G.R., Snow, J., Snyder, S., Söldner-Rembold, S., Sonnenschein, L., Sopczak, A., Sosebee, M., Soustruznik, K., Spurlock, B., Stark, J., Stolin, V., Stoyanova, D.A., Strandberg, J., Strang, M.A., Strauss, E., Strauss, M., Ströhmer, R., Strom, D., Stutte, L., Sumowidagdo, S., Svoisky, P., Takahashi, M., Tanasijczuk, A., Taylor, W., Tiller, B., Titov, M., Tokmenin, V.V., Torchiani, I., Tsybychev, D., Tuchming, B., Tully, C., Tuts, P.M., Unalan, R., Uvarov, L., Uvarov, S., Uzunyan, S., van den Berg, P.J., Van Kooten, R., van Leeuwen, W.M., Varelas, N., Varnes, E.W., Vasilyev, I.A., Verdier, P., Vertogradov, L.S., Verzocchi, M., Vesterinen, M., Vilanova, D., Vint, P., Vokac, P., Wagner, R., Wahl, H.D., Wang, M.H.L.S., Warchol, J., Watts, G., Wayne, M., Weber, G., Weber, M., Welty-Rieger, L., Wenger, A., Wetstein, M., White, A., Wicke, D., Williams, M.R.J., Wilson, G.W., Wimpenny, S.J., Wobisch, M., Wood, D.R., Wyatt, T.R., Xie, Y., Xu, C., Yacoob, S., Yamada, R., Yang, W.-C., Yasuda, T., Yatsunenko, Y.A., Ye, Z., Yin, H., Yip, K., Yoo, H.D., Youn, S.W., Yu, J., Zeitnitz, C., Zelitch, S., Zhao, T., Zhou, B., Zhu, J., Zielinski, M., Zieminska, D., Zivkovic, L., Zutshi, V., and Zverev, E.G.

Published
2009
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34. Investigations on the anthropogenic reversal of the natural ozone gradient between northern and southern midlatitudes

Author

Parrish, DD, Derwent, RG, Turnock, ST, O'Connor, FM, Staehelin, J, Bauer, SE, Deushi, M, Oshima, N, Tsigaridis, K, Wu, T, and Zhang, J

Abstract

Our quantitative understanding of natural tropospheric ozone concentrations is limited by the paucity of reliable measurements before the 1980s. We utilize the existing measurements to compare the long-term ozone changes that occurred within the marine boundary layer at northern and southern midlatitudes. Since 1950 ozone concentrations have increased by a factor of 2.1 ± 0.2 in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and are presently larger than in the Southern Hemisphere (SH), where only a much smaller increase has occurred. These changes are attributed to increased ozone production driven by anthropogenic emissions of photochemical ozone precursors that increased with industrial development. The greater ozone concentrations and increases in the NH are consistent with the predominant location of anthropogenic emission sources in that hemisphere. The available measurements indicate that this interhemispheric gradient was much smaller and was likely reversed in the pre-industrial troposphere with higher concentrations in the SH. Six Earth system model (ESM) simulations indicate similar total NH increases (1.9 with a standard deviation of 0.3), but they occurred more slowly over a longer time period, and the ESMs do not find higher pre-industrial ozone in the SH. Several uncertainties in the ESMs may cause these model–measurement disagreements: the assumed natural nitrogen oxide emissions may be too large, the relatively greater fraction of ozone injected by stratosphere–troposphere exchange to the NH may be overestimated, ozone surface deposition to ocean and land surfaces may not be accurately simulated, and model treatment of emissions of biogenic hydrocarbons and their photochemistry may not be adequate., Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 21 (12), ISSN:1680-7375, ISSN:1680-7367

Published
2021

40. Climate and air quality impacts due to mitigation of non-methane near-term climate forcers

Author

Allen, R.J., Turnock, S., Nabat, P., Neubauer, D., Lohmann, U., Olivié, D., Oshima, N., Michou, M., Wu, T., Zhang, J., Takemura, T., Schulz, M., Tsigaridis, K., Bauer, S.E., Emmons, L., Horowitz, L., Naik, V., van Noije, T., Bergman, T., Lamarque, J.-F., Zanis, P., Tegen, I., Westervelt, D.M., Le Sager, P., Good, P., Shim, S., O'Connor, F., Akritidis, D., Georgoulias, A.K., Deushi, M., Sentman, L.T., John, J.G., Fujimori, S., Collins, W.J., Allen, R.J., Turnock, S., Nabat, P., Neubauer, D., Lohmann, U., Olivié, D., Oshima, N., Michou, M., Wu, T., Zhang, J., Takemura, T., Schulz, M., Tsigaridis, K., Bauer, S.E., Emmons, L., Horowitz, L., Naik, V., van Noije, T., Bergman, T., Lamarque, J.-F., Zanis, P., Tegen, I., Westervelt, D.M., Le Sager, P., Good, P., Shim, S., O'Connor, F., Akritidis, D., Georgoulias, A.K., Deushi, M., Sentman, L.T., John, J.G., Fujimori, S., and Collins, W.J.

Abstract

It is important to understand how future environmental policies will impact both climate change and air pollution. Although targeting near-term climate forcers (NTCFs), defined here as aerosols, tropospheric ozone, and precursor gases, should improve air quality, NTCF reductions will also impact climate. Prior assessments of the impact of NTCF mitigation on air quality and climate have been limited. This is related to the idealized nature of some prior studies, simplified treatment of aerosols and chemically reactive gases, as well as a lack of a sufficiently large number of models to quantify model diversity and robust responses. Here, we quantify the 2015–2055 climate and air quality effects of non-methane NTCFs using nine state-of-the-art chemistry–climate model simulations conducted for the Aerosol and Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project (AerChemMIP). Simulations are driven by two future scenarios featuring similar increases in greenhouse gases (GHGs) but with “weak” (SSP3-7.0) versus “strong” (SSP3-7.0-lowNTCF) levels of air quality control measures. As SSP3-7.0 lacks climate policy and has the highest levels of NTCFs, our results (e.g., surface warming) represent an upper bound. Unsurprisingly, we find significant improvements in air quality under NTCF mitigation (strong versus weak air quality controls). Surface fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) decrease by −2.2±0.32 µg m−3 and −4.6±0.88 ppb, respectively (changes quoted here are for the entire 2015–2055 time period; uncertainty represents the 95 % confidence interval), over global land surfaces, with larger reductions in some regions including south and southeast Asia. Non-methane NTCF mitigation, however, leads to additional climate change due to the removal of aerosol which causes a net warming effect, including global mean surface temperature and precipitation increases of 0.25±0.12 K and 0.03±0.012 mm d−1, respectively. Similarly, increases in extreme weather indices, including the hotte

Published
2020

41. The upgraded DØ detector

Author

Abazov, V.M., Abbott, B., Abolins, M., Acharya, B.S., Adams, D.L., Adams, M., Adams, T., Agelou, M., Agram, J.-L., Ahmed, S.N., Ahn, S.H., Ahsan, M., Alexeev, G.D., Alkhazov, G., Alton, A., Alverson, G., Alves, G.A., Anastasoaie, M., Andeen, T., Anderson, J.T., Anderson, S., Andrieu, B., Angstadt, R., Anosov, V., Arnoud, Y., Arov, M., Askew, A., Åsman, B., Assis Jesus, A.C.S., Atramentov, O., Autermann, C., Avila, C., Babukhadia, L., Bacon, T.C., Badaud, F., Baden, A., Baffioni, S., Bagby, L., Baldin, B., Balm, P.W., Banerjee, P., Banerjee, S., Barberis, E., Bardon, O., Barg, W., Bargassa, P., Baringer, P., Barnes, C., Barreto, J., Bartlett, J.F., Bassler, U., Bhattacharjee, M., Baturitsky, M.A., Bauer, D., Bean, A., Baumbaugh, B., Beauceron, S., Begalli, M., Beaudette, F., Begel, M., Bellavance, A., Beri, S.B., Bernardi, G., Bernhard, R., Bertram, I., Besançon, M., Besson, A., Beuselinck, R., Beutel, D., Bezzubov, V.A., Bhat, P.C., Bhatnagar, V., Binder, M., Biscarat, C., Bishoff, A., Black, K.M., Blackler, I., Blazey, G., Blekman, F., Blessing, S., Bloch, D., Blumenschein, U., Bockenthien, E., Bodyagin, V., Boehnlein, A., Boeriu, O., Bolton, T.A., Bonamy, P., Bonifas, D., Borcherding, F., Borissov, G., Bos, K., Bose, T., Boswell, C., Bowden, M., Brandt, A., Briskin, G., Brock, R., Brooijmans, G., Bross, A., Buchanan, N.J., Buchholz, D., Buehler, M., Buescher, V., Burdin, S., Burke, S., Burnett, T.H., Busato, E., Buszello, C.P., Butler, D., Butler, J.M., Cammin, J., Caron, S., Bystricky, J., Canal, L., Canelli, F., Carvalho, W., Casey, B.C.K., Casey, D., Cason, N.M., Castilla-Valdez, H., Chakrabarti, S., Chakraborty, D., Chan, K.M., Chandra, A., Chapin, D., Charles, F., Cheu, E., Chevalier, L., Chi, E., Chiche, R., Cho, D.K., Choate, R., Choi, S., Choudhary, B., Chopra, S., Christenson, J.H., Christiansen, T., Christofek, L., Churin, I., Cisko, G., Claes, D., Clark, A.R., Clément, B., Clément, C., Coadou, Y., Colling, D.J., Coney, L., Connolly, B., Cooke, M., Cooper, W.E., Coppage, D., Corcoran, M., Coss, J., Cothenet, A., Cousinou, M.-C., Cox, B., Crépé-Renaudin, S., Cristetiu, M., Cummings, M.A.C., Cutts, D., da Motta, H., Das, M., Davies, B., Davies, G., Davis, G.A., Davis, W., De, K., de Jong, P., de Jong, S.J., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Taille, C., De Oliveira Martins, C., Dean, S., Degenhardt, J.D., Déliot, F., Delsart, P.A., Del Signore, K., DeMaat, R., Demarteau, M., Demina, R., Demine, P., Denisov, D., Denisov, S.P., Desai, S., Diehl, H.T., Diesburg, M., Doets, M., Doidge, M., Dong, H., Doulas, S., Dudko, L.V., Duflot, L., Dugad, S.R., Duperrin, A., Dvornikov, O., Dyer, J., Dyshkant, A., Eads, M., Edmunds, D., Edwards, T., Ellison, J., Elmsheuser, J., Eltzroth, J.T., Elvira, V.D., Eno, S., Ermolov, P., Eroshin, O.V., Estrada, J., Evans, D., Evans, H., Evdokimov, A., Evdokimov, V.N., Fagan, J., Fast, J., Fatakia, S.N., Fein, D., Feligioni, L., Ferapontov, A.V., Ferbel, T., Ferreira, M.J., Fiedler, F., Filthaut, F., Fisher, W., Fisk, H.E., Fleck, I., Fitzpatrick, T., Flattum, E., Fleuret, F., Flores, R., Foglesong, J., Fortner, M., Fox, H., Franklin, C., Freeman, W., Fu, S., Fuess, S., Gadfort, T., Galea, C.F., Gallas, E., Galyaev, E., Gao, M., Garcia, C., Garcia-Bellido, A., Gardner, J., Gavrilov, V., Gay, A., Gay, P., Gelé, D., Gelhaus, R., Genser, K., Gerber, C.E., Gershtein, Y., Gillberg, D., Geurkov, G., Ginther, G., Gobbi, B., Goldmann, K., Golling, T., Gollub, N., Golovtsov, V., Gómez, B., Gomez, G., Gomez, R., Goodwin, R., Gornushkin, Y., Gounder, K., Goussiou, A., Graham, D., Graham, G., Grannis, P.D., Gray, K., Greder, S., Green, D.R., Green, J., Green, J.A., Greenlee, H., Greenwood, Z.D., Gregores, E.M., Grinstein, S., Gris, Ph., Grivaz, J.-F., Groer, L., Grünendahl, S., Grünewald, M.W., Gu, W., Guglielmo, J., Gupta, A., Gurzhiev, S.N., Gutierrez, G., Gutierrez, P., Haas, A., Hadley, N.J., Haggard, E., Haggerty, H., Hagopian, S., Hall, I., Hall, R.E., Han, C., Han, L., Hance, R., Hanagaki, K., Hanlet, P., Hansen, S., Harder, K., Harel, A., Harrington, R., Hauptman, J.M., Hauser, R., Hays, C., Hays, J., Hazen, E., Hebbeker, T., Hebert, C., Hedin, D., Heinmiller, J.M., Heinson, A.P., Heintz, U., Hensel, C., Hesketh, G., Hildreth, M.D., Hirosky, R., Hobbs, J.D., Hoeneisen, B., Hohlfeld, M., Hong, S.J., Hooper, R., Hou, S., Houben, P., Hu, Y., Huang, J., Huang, Y., Hynek, V., Huffman, D., Iashvili, I., Illingworth, R., Ito, A.S., Jabeen, S., Jacquier, Y., Jaffré, M., Jain, S., Jain, V., Jakobs, K., Jayanti, R., Jenkins, A., Jesik, R., Jiang, Y., Johns, K., Johnson, M., Johnson, P., Jonckheere, A., Jonsson, P., Jöstlein, H., Jouravlev, N., Juarez, M., Juste, A., Kaan, A.P., Kado, M.M., Käfer, D., Kahl, W., Kahn, S., Kajfasz, E., Kalinin, A.M., Kalk, J., Kalmani, S.D., Karmanov, D., Kasper, J., Katsanos, I., Kau, D., Kaur, R., Ke, Z., Kehoe, R., Kermiche, S., Kesisoglou, S., Khanov, A., Kharchilava, A., Kharzheev, Y.M., Kim, H., Kim, K.H., Kim, T.J., Kirsch, N., Klima, B., Klute, M., Kohli, J.M., Konrath, J.-P., Komissarov, E.V., Kopal, M., Korablev, V.M., Kostritski, A., Kotcher, J., Kothari, B., Kotwal, A.V., Koubarovsky, A., Kozelov, A.V., Kozminski, J., Kryemadhi, A., Kouznetsov, O., Krane, J., Kravchuk, N., Krempetz, K., Krider, J., Krishnaswamy, M.R., Krzywdzinski, S., Kubantsev, M., Kubinski, R., Kuchinsky, N., Kuleshov, S., Kulik, Y., Kumar, A., Kunori, S., Kupco, A., Kurča, T., Kvita, J., Kuznetsov, V.E., Kwarciany, R., Lager, S., Lahrichi, N., Landsberg, G., Larwill, M., Laurens, P., Lavigne, B., Lazoflores, J., Le Bihan, A.-C., Le Meur, G., Lebrun, P., Lee, S.W., Lee, W.M., Leflat, A., Leggett, C., Lehner, F., Leitner, R., Leonidopoulos, C., Leveque, J., Lewis, P., Li, J., Li, Q.Z., Li, X., Lima, J.G.R., Lincoln, D., Lindenmeyer, C., Linn, S.L., Linnemann, J., Lipaev, V.V., Lipton, R., Litmaath, M., Lizarazo, J., Lobo, L., Lobodenko, A., Lokajicek, M., Lounis, A., Love, P., Lu, J., Lubatti, H.J., Lucotte, A., Lueking, L., Luo, C., Lynker, M., Lyon, 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Published
2006
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49. Therapeutic and analgesic effects of ephedrine alkaloids-free Ephedra Herb extract on complete Freud’s adjuvant-induced arthritis model mouse

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Nakamori, S, additional, Miyajima, N, additional, Hyuga, S, additional, Minami, Y, additional, Kazama, H, additional, Hiyama, M, additional, Endo, M, additional, Yang, J, additional, Oshima, N, additional, Uchiyama, N, additional, Amakura, Y, additional, Hakamatsuka, T, additional, Goda, Y, additional, Odaguchi, H, additional, Hanawa, T, additional, and Kobayashi, Y, additional

Published
2019
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