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Background It was previously demonstrated that in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) high-sensitive troponin-T (Hs-cTnT) makes two peaks. However, the clinical significance of the second peak (early vs late) in patients undergoing successful primary percutaneous intervention (pPCI) is not known. We investigated the role of early second peak on clinical outcomes. Methods Patients who underwent successful pPCI were included. Baseline characteristics, angiographic variables and kinetics of Hs-cTnT levels following pPCI were recorded. Second peak of Hs-cTnT was defined as re-elevation of troponin levels above plateau levels. The second peak of Hs-cTnT is defined as early second peak, if re-elevation is detected earlier than 72 hours after the diagnosis and late second peak, when re-elevation is detected later than 72 hours. Results We included 250 patients divided into two groups; patients with early second peak as group 1 (n=118) and rest of the patients as group 2 (n=132). Baseline characteristics and comorbidities were similar. Peak level of Hs-cTnT, Hs-CRP and pro-BNP levels were significantly lower in group 1 patients. Left ventricular ejection fraction was higher in group 1 patients (47.48±7.7 vs 43.80±9.3, p-value: 0.001). There was no significant difference with respect to new-onset heart failure (24% vs %28, p: 0.503) between groups however cardiac mortality was significantly lower in group 1 patients (%2 vs %11, p: 0.007). Conclusion The early second peak of Hs-cTnT in patients with STEMI is associated with successful reperfusion and predictors of better clinical outcome. Moreover, early second peak of Hs-cTnT is associated with decreased cardiac mortality and has a potential to be used as a marker of good prognosis. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

GirişDaha önceki çalışmalarda ST-segment yüksekliğinin dağılımının enfarkttan sorumlu damarı öngörebileceği gösterilmiştir. Ancak koroner arter baskınlığının EKG üzerine etkisi yeterince gösterilmemiştir. Bu çalışmada birincil amacımız koroner arter baskınlığının EKG üzerine etkisini araştırdık. İkincil amacımız ise 4. Myokardiyal enfarktüs tanımlaması kılavuzuna göre değişen ST-segment yüksekliği tanımının tanısal değerinin eski tanım ile kıyaslanmasıdır.YöntemRetrospektif olarak primer perkütan girişim ile tedavi edilmiş inferior miyokard enfarktüsü hastaları çalışmaya dahil edildi. Literatür taranarak daha önce tanımlanan şu EKG öngördürücüleri araştırıldı; DIII derivasyonundaki ST-segment elevasyon miktarı DII'den fazla ise infarkttan sorumlu arter sağ koroner arterdir(RCA), aVL veya DI'de ST-segment depresyonu mevcut ise sorumlu arter yine RCA’dır ve DII ST-segment elevasyonu DIII'den fazla ise sorumlu arter Sirkumflex(LCX) arter sorumludur. BulgularÇalışmamızda 192 hasta dahil edildi. 151 hastada sorumlu arter RCA, 41 hastada LCX idi.DIII ST-segment elevasyonunun DII'den fazla olmasının RCA oklüzyonunu göstermede duyarlılığı %84 özgüllüğü %35 olarak saptandı. DII ST-segment elevasyonunun DIII'den fazla olmasının LCX oklüzyonunu göstermede duyarlılığı %48 ve özgüllüğü %65 olarak saptandı. Duyarlılık ve özgüllük açısından en yüksek oran coroner arter baskınlığını öngörmede izlendi; DIII ST-segment elevasyonunun DII'den fazla olmasının koroner arter baskınlığını göstermede duyarlılığı %97 ve özgüllüğü ise %27 olarak saptandı. ST-segment elevasyon miktarının ölçümü için güncel kılavuz önerisi olarak J noktası yerine QRS başlangıcı olarak seçilmesi RCA oklüzyonu olan hastalarda anlamlı değişikliğe neden olmuştur(p: 0.021) ancak LCX oklüzyonu olan hastalarda bu anlamlı değişimin izlenmemiştir(p: 0.212).SonuçBu çalışmamızda infarkttan sorumlu arteri öngörmek için kullanılan EKG kriterlerinin koroner arter baskınlığına güçlü bir şekilde ilişkili olduğunu gösterdik. Ayrıca yeni EKG kriterleri, RCA oklüzyonu olan hastalarda EKG'nin tanısal doğruluğunu artırdığını ancak LCX oklüzyonu olan hastalarda anlamlı değişiklik yapmadığını gösterdik.Anahtar sözcükler: inferior STEMI, EKG, Koroner arter baskınlığı, BackgroundIn-stent restenosis(ISR) is a common angiographic finding in patients with previous stent implantation. Although the mechanism and predictors of ISR has been well-defined, after definition of neoatherosclerosis, a new perspective was emerged and current guidelines recommended a new classification for myocardial infarction due to stent restenosis(Type 4C). In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical risk factors and predictors of Type 4C myocardial infarction.Material/method We reviewed the local angiography database and patients diagnosed with ISR were extracted. Patients’ demographics, clinical characteristics and clinical outcomes were recorded. Type 4C myocardial infarction is defined as myocardial infarction due to stent restenosis. Results332 patients were screened and after exclusion 192 patients were included to the final analyses. There were 32 patients with myocardial infarction(group 1). Mean follow-up time was …. months. There was no significant difference between groups with respect to age and gender. Hypertension was significantly more prevalent in group 2. Diabetes mellitus, previous cerebrovascular accident and hyperlipidaemia were comparable between groups, however smoking was significantly more prevalent in group 1. Logistic regression analyses revealed that smoking status and degree of stenosis due to ISR were only independent predictors of type 4C myocardial infarction. Cardiac mortality was significantly increased in patients with myocardial infarction. ConclusionOur study demonstrated that type 4C myocardial infarction should not be underestimated during the long-term follow-up of patients who were diagnosed with ISR. Moreover, since cardiac mortality significantly increases in patients with myocardial infarction, future studies for predictors of myocardial infaction is required.

In this study, the mutagenic and anti-mutagenic effects of methanol extract of three lichen species (Cetraria aculeata, Cladonia chlorophaea and Cetrelia olivetorum) were investigated by using E. coli-WP2, Ames-Salmonella (TA1535 and TA1537) and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) test systems. The results obtained from bacterial test systems demonstrated that methanol extracts of three lichen species have strong anti-mutagenic potencies on TA1535, TA1537 strains and to a lesser extent on E. coli-WP2 strain. The anti-oxidant level of human lymphocytes cells was determined in order to clarify the mechanism underlying the anti-mutagenic effects of these lichen species. Co-treatments of 5, 10 and 20 µg/mL concentrations of these three lichen species with AFB decreased the frequencies of SCE and the level of MDA and increased the amount of SOD, GSH and GPx which decreased by aflatoxin. The findings of this work have clearly demonstrated that Cetraria aculeata, Cladonia chlorophaea and Cetrelia olivetorum have significant anti-mutagenic effects which are thought to be partly due to the anti-oxidant activities and the interaction capability of lichen extracts with mutagen agents (Sodium azide, acridin, N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and aflatoxin B1).

Background: although previous studies reported frequent premature atrial contractions(fPACs) increased the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes, especially atrial fibrillation(AF), there is a substantial inconsistency between reports concerning the definition of fPAC. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between fPAC and cardiovascular outcomes, especially AF. We further searched for a cutoff value of fPAC for prediction of AF. Methods: we retrospectively analyzed the ambulatory 24-hr Holter monitoring records and 392 patients included. Frequent PAC was defined as more than 720 PAC/24 hr as used for frequent ventricular premature beats. Patients’ baseline characteristics, echocardiographic variables and medical history were recorded. Results: there were 189 patients with fPAC and 203 patients without fPAC. Patients with fPAC had more comorbidities in terms of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease and congestive heart failure. CHA2DS2-VaSc was higher in patients with fPAC. Mean follow-up duration was 31 months, and the number of patients with new-onset AF during follow-up was significantly higher in fPAC group (22% vs. 5%, p, NA

Bu çalışmada; Erzurum, Erzincan ve Iğdır illerinin tuzlu toprak örnekleri alınarak, bu topraklardaki tuza toleranslı 63 bakterinin izolasyonu gerçekleştirildi. Elde edilen izolatların tanı ve karakterizasyonu konvensiyonel (morfolojik, fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal testler) ve moleküler yöntemlere [yağ asiti metil ester profilleri (FAME), 16S rRNA PCR ve 16S rRNA gen bölgesi DNA dizi analizi] göre yapıldı. Fenotipik ve genotipik verilerin birlikte değerlendirilmesi sonucu 33 izolat tür seviyesinde, 30 izolat ise cins düzeyinde tanılanması yapıldı. Sekans analizi yapılan 63 izolatın 2'si Halomonas, 6'sı Halobacillus, 4'ü Zhihengliuella, 2'si Nesterenkonia, 4'ü Oceanobacillus, 1'i Marinibacillus, 2'si Virgibacillus, 2'si Jeotgalibacillus, 5'i Staphylococcus, 2'si Promicromonospora, 2'si Planococcus, 1'i Terribacillus, 2'si Thalassobacillus, 1'i Gracilibacillus, 1'i Microbacterium, 1'i Exiguobacterium ve 25'i Bacillus olmak üzere toplam 17 cinsin tanısı ve karekterizasyonu yapıldı. In the current study, 63 salt tolerant bacteria were isolated from salt-affected soil samples of Erzurum, Erzincan and Iğdır provinces. The obtained isolates were identified and characterized by convetional (morphology, physiology and biochemical tests) and molecular techniques [fatty acid methyl ester profile (FAMEs) and 16 rDNA]. Regarding the results of phenotypic and genotypic data, 33 isolates were identified at species level and 30 isolates at genus level. Among 63 sequenced isolates 2 of them were Halomonas, 6 were Halobacillus, 4 were Zhihengliuella, 2 were Nesterenkonia, 4 were Oceanobacillus, 1 was Marinibacillus, 2 were Virgibacillus, 2 were Jeotgalibacillus, 5 were Staphylococcus, 2 were Promicromonospora, 2 were Planococcus, 1 was Terribacillus, 2 were Thalassobacillus, 1 was Gracilibacillus, 1 was Microbacterium, 1 was Exiguobacterium. 143

Bu çalışmada Ames/Salmonella test sistemi ve Maya delesyon test sistemi (Yeast DEL assay) kullanılarak Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde yetişen ve tıbbi öneme sahip Mentha longifolia L. Hudson ssp. longifolia bitki türünden izole edilen Luteolin-7-O-glukozit, Luteolin-7-O-rutinozit, Luteolin-7-O-glukuronit, Apigenin-7-O- glukozit, Apigenin-7-O-rutinozit ve Rozmarinik asit maddeleri etkenlerin mutajenik ve antimutajenik özellikleri araştırılmıştır.Mentha longifolia ssp. longifolia'nın bazı etken maddelerinin Ames test sisteminde kullanılan Salmonella typhimurium TA 1535 ve TA 1537 suşlarında doza bağlı olarak %93'e varan antimutajenik aktivite gözlenirken, Saccharomyces cerevisiae RS112 suşunda ise doza bağlı olarak bazı etken maddelerin %75'e varan oranlarda antimutajenik, mutajenik, komutajenik aktivite gözlenmiştir. Yapılan bu çalışmalarla; bir mutajen/karsinojen maddenin oluşturacağı gen mutasyonunun çeşidi; kromozom içi delesyonu ve kromozomlar arası rekombinasyonu gözlemleme fırsatı bulunmuştur. Benzer şekilde bir antimutajen/antikarsinojen maddenin bir mutajen/karsinojen maddeye vereceği cevap gen, kromozom içi ve kromozomlar arası etkileşimler düzeyinde belirlenebilmiştir. In the present study by using Ames/Salmonella and Yeast DEL assay test systems the mutagenic and antimutagenic properties of Luteolin-7-O-glucoside, Apigenin-7-O-glucoside, Luteolin-7-O-glucoside, Rosmarinic acid, Apigenin-7-O-rutinoside, Luteolin-7-O-rutinoside, Luteolin-7-O-glucuronide agents were investigated. It was obtained from Mentha longifolia L. Hudson ssp. longifolia which has medical importance and grows in East Anatolia region of Turkey.While some of these agents have been shown up to 90% antimutagenic activity on Salmonella typhimurium TA 1537 strain in Ames/Salmonella test system, in the Yeast DEL assay 75% antimutagenic activity was observed on Saccharomyces cerevisiae RS112 strain.The findings of our investigation showed that a gene mutation, intrachromosomal deletion and interchromosomal recombination due to a mutagenic/carcinogenic agent can be detected by Ames/Salmonella and Yeast DEL assay combination.Similarly it was determined that the reaction of anti-mutagenic/anti-carcinogenic agents against mutagenic/carcinogenic substance on gene mutation, intrachromosomal and interchromosomal recombination interaction level. 148