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This paper addresses the role of the Spa Health Resort as the Economic Engine of the Municipal Business Ecosystem. Usualy a single larger enterprise drives the local economy at the municipal level, and in the case of Serbia that company has often been from heavy industries. For many transitional economies, local communities have been supported by the main municipal organization, identified in the literature under the terms economic engine, anchor, driver, powerhouse, catalyst, hub or lifeline. Most literature defines it as a company that plays a pivotal role in propelling municipal economic growth and development, acting as the source of economic stability and resilience within the municipality. Our research is based on dataset gathered from the Serbian Chamber of Commerce, extracted from the annual financial and business reports of 80,737 companies and sole entrepreneurs in Serbia from 2013 to 2022 and supplemented by detailed insights into business reports of hypothesized economic engine. Our findings support the hypothesis that Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital Banja Koviljaca's acts as economic engine for the region. Conclusion is that investment in balneo industry returns mutlifold benefits of different categories to the community and the state [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay makes a bibliographic review in the field of the seminal research of Organizational Networks, through a conceptual and instrumental analogy using an integration analysis of MaccInnis. In its development, seven different components of Organizational Networks and phenomena linked to Computer Networks were identified. By delimiting the specific configurations of each network, it is possible to propose a link between the elements of computer architecture and the field of study of Organizational Networks to support the understanding of the latter and thus contribute both to the strengthening of academic research and to the evaluation of their managerial implications in current environments of growing complexity and competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the intensification of economic uncertainty and the increasingly fierce competition in the fund industry, how to use the organizational network to improve the sustainable performance of the fund has become a very urgent issue. However, most of the existing research focuses on the impact of the microstructure of a single social or business network before fund leaders make decisions on the performance of fund organizations, which has the defects of incomplete information sets and the inability of leaders to identify all information and then affect organizational learning and performance. This paper constructs two kinds of fund co-holding networks as two kinds of inter-fund organization networks based on the indirect relationship between the co-holding of large and small funds and the co-holding of large funds. The study not only overcomes the above defects, but also finds that: (a) the status and power of different organizations in the two networks are unbalanced in terms of the macro overall network, the meso community and the micro individual structure, and the "super excellent community" and "benchmark fund" group occupy the core position in the network. (b) With the fund co-holding network as a tool, fund leaders can reduce risks and improve the sustainable performance of funds by observing and learning the behaviors of excellent associations and benchmark funds in the network. We provides a reference for further understanding the characteristics of inter-fund organizational networks and the rational use of organizational networks by leaders of financial organizations for organizational learning and sustainable performance improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sociologia, Problemas e Práticas is the property of Centro de Investigacao e Estudos de Sociologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista da Micro e Pequena Empresa is the property of Faculdade Campo Limpo Paulista and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The subject of research is: formation; development; structure of governing bodies; operational and economic organization of the material base and consumer interests of buyers of book products of the cooperative publishing house "Hart". The purpose of the scientific article is to reveal and show the socio-economic contribution of the cooperative publishing house "Hart" to the development of the publishing industry of Ukraine based on the sources. Research methods. All components of the research are based on the main principles - scientificity, historicism, objectivity, systematicity, development, priority of concrete truth, pluralism, as well as methods of learning socio-economic processes of social development – analysis, synthesis, problem-chronological, comparative-analytical, archeographic, retrospective, statistical, systematic and complex approach. Work methodology. In the process of researching the specified issues, the main provisions were taken as a basis: the history of Ukraine, economic history and the history of economic thought, the history of the publishing industry, the work of domestic and foreign scientists and practitioners in the specified field. Work results. In the context of the mentioned problems, we investigated the socio-economic contribution of the cooperative publishing house "Hart" to the development of the publishing industry of Ukraine. Field of application of results. The results of this study can be applied in the field of studying the problems of economic history and the history of economic thought, the history of the publishing industry. Conclusions. In the context of our research, we found out that the socio-economic contribution of cooperative publishing houses, in particular "Hart", to the development of the publishing industry of Ukraine, is quite large, since these publishing houses, with their entrepreneurial activity, stimulated the publishing process, thanks to them, the works of famous figures saw the light of day of Ukrainian culture, well-known historians, publicists, whose heritage remains understudied. It should be noted that in Ukraine at the current stage of development of the market economy system, where various forms of ownership dominate, the national publishing industry is in an extremely difficult situation. The search for an effective model for the development of national book publishing is still ongoing, so why not turn to our own historical experience.

Campus support programs provide targeted services to groups of students throughout their time in college. Some institutions have implemented support programs for former foster care youth, who face lower rates of college retention and graduation than their non-foster peers. These programs must operate within the constraints that colleges and universities impose on them while attempting to maintain program effectiveness. Despite the relevance of the broader university context on campus support program effectiveness, limited studies have examined possible implications of organizational constraints. This study explores organizational constraints and their consequences on campus support programs for former foster care youth. Using an integrated organizational sociology of education framework , we analyzed data from in-depth interviews with 20 program coordinators of campus support programs for former foster care youth across the United States. Results revealed five organizational constraints imposed by the organizational network and structure: limited resource allocation, immobilized information, structural disconnection, conflicting goals, and weak relationships. Our analysis suggests these constraints reinforce each other and undermine program effectiveness. We conclude by discussing the need for additional organizational research on campus support programs, arguing that addressing constraints can lead to a more thorough understanding of their consequences on campus support programs for marginalized student groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a decentralized organization such as a university, recruitment is critical for the development of departments. With the limited resources for recruitment, how to allocate the recruitment quotas to different departments is an essential problem for the human resource management center of the organization. Specifically, for a recruitment process that includes multiple phases, a proper number of quotas should be allocated to different departments at each recruitment phase to guarantee the recruitment performance of the whole organization. However, it is difficult since the performance of the whole recruitment process is prior unknown at each recruitment phase. Traditionally, a recruitment quota allocation scheme that evenly allocates recruitment quotas at different phases of a recruitment process is generally adopted, which is somewhat subjective due to the lack of quantitative analysis and may not achieve satisfying recruitment performance. Therefore, in this paper, a recruitment quota allocation scheme is proposed to provide a more objective and theoretical method that may achieve optimal performance. In the proposed scheme, we evaluate its performance by considering the competence of applicants and the number of potential applicants and obtain an improved recruitment quota allocation policy using the Markov decision process approach. Specifically, we first define the recruitment utility as the performance metric for the recruitment process. The recruitment quota allocation problem is formulated using the Markov decision process approach, where the effect of the information of potential applicants is innovatively taken into account. Then, the recruitment quota allocation is optimized by maximizing the recruitment utility to achieve optimal recruitment performance. In addition, a scheme that evenly allocates recruitment quotas at different phases of a recruitment process, which is traditionally adopted in the recruitment of a university, is used for comparison with the optimized scheme of the paper. Simulation results show that it is better to appropriately allocate more recruitment quotas in the early phases of a recruitment process than to allocate the quotas evenly over phases. Besides, it is also shown that the proposed scheme can improve the efficiency of recruitment quota allocation significantly.

The social capital is based on the relationships of social actors and their communication type within a network. For this reason, the emphasis is on creating a coordinated network between different organizations in order to the successful implementation of development programs. The importance of this issue as a platform for participatory management of watersheds is also emphasized by international organizations. This study investigated the effectiveness of organizational network of the carbon sequestration project in the Tilabad Watershed in promoting the social capital. Using the social network analysis method, 30 organization and institutions related to this project were surveyed in the Azadshahr county of the province of Golestan regards the communication network. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, in which the linkage of information exchange for natural resources management was measured between the concerned organizations before and after the implementation of the carbon sequestration project. Data analysis was performed using the UCINET software, in which the algebra of matrices was used to estimate network parameters and the graph theory was employed to show the relationships. The results indicated that the implementation of the carbon sequestration project led to an increase in organizational network parameters such as size, density, reciprocity, transitivity and closeness centrality. Moreover, the geodesic distance mean and network centralization were decreased. These findings suggest an improvement in the institutional cohesion and an enhancement in the communication network stability. Therefore, the implementation of the carbon sequestration project has reinforced the social capital in the organizations' communication network; thus, it provided better conditions for carrying joint action plans in the Tilabad Watershed.

Network size, network density, and tie strength together determine the function of social network and affect the growth of entrepreneurial enterprises. However, how the role of network size, network density, and tie strength on the growth of entrepreneurial enterprises remains inconsistent, as well as the effect of organizational and personal network remains unclear. To solve these relationships, we employ meta-analysis to reach study goals by researching 31 independent samples from 28 references with 5,259 observations. Results have shown two main findings: (1) Both network size and tie strength have a positive and significant impact on the growth of entrepreneurial enterprises, while network density does not correlate with the growth. (2) Organizational network mainly plays a positive effect between network size and growth, while personal network plays a more significant role in the relationship of tie strength and growth than organizational network. These results promote managers to take productive strategies for entrepreneurial enterprises' growth. Our study provides a meta-analysis to merge different sounds about the relationship of network properties to the growth of entrepreneurial enterprises, emphasizing moderators of organizational and personal networks among these above relationships. Thus, these findings make significant contributions to the field of entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The province of Bali as a tourism area is feeling the impact of the Covid 19 pandemic. The indicator is the decline in the number of MSMEs. IWAPI (Indonesian Women Entrepreneurs Association) Bali Province which fosters MSMEs and Cooperatives as partners in this research requires a strategy that moves many elements to collaborate and cooptise together. The purpose of this study is: to bring together institutions, capital and MSME actors through digitalization or applications. The purpose of developing the application is to encourage MSMEs owned by Balinese women to operate locally with global quality. The research method used in this study is the OODA (Observe, Orient, Decide and Act) method. The first step is observation by collecting and observing primary data and secondary data of SMEs/IWAPI assisted. The second step is orientation by conducting root causal analysis with fishbone, SWOT and analysis of service policies towards MSMEs/IWAPI assisted, especially during pandemic recovery. The third step is Decide, namely developing e-collaborations. The last step is Act: implementation of e-collaboration, readiness testing there is application of e-collaboration. The e-Kolab application is a strategy for SMEs Scale Up and can be a Model Business Continuity Plan (BCP) in conducting business collaborations to apply the principle of local wisdom "PangPadePayu". The short-term strategy of this application will provide a digital service boost for MSME actors. While the long-term strategy is to build digital technology as a platform in MSME business processes; and the development of modern MSME business models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective As an organizational strategy, networking has a variety of functions for network activists. Such functions begin with the flow of resources and information and finally result in economic benefit for the network members. Accordingly, numerous theories considered business cooperatives in the form of networks and multiple links which is of great importance in perception of network functions and benefits. In fact, companies seek inter-firm cooperatives in order to be able to obtain knowledge resources outside the firm, new technologies or markets, and probable benefits from the joint research and development activities. In addition, companies try to reduce the risks of conducting activities beyond the capabilities of a single firm. Existing theoretical and empirical opinions in the area of networking show that sharing knowledge, improving performance, sharing resources, building trust, clarity, and promoting market status are among networking functions for organizations and companies. Moreover, some theories investigate organizational relationships from economic point of view highlighting resource sharing. Meanwhile, view point and analysis provided by each theory (as a result of the combination of resources and inter-organizational relationships) is different from the others. In this respect, the main objective of the present study is to determine the networking functions from the perspective of six theories including Transaction Cost, Merge and Acquisition (M & A), Resource Dependence Theory, Agency Theory, Resource-Based Theory, and Strategic Alliance. Methodology The present study is a qualitative content analysis study based on inductive approach. Using snowball and theoretical sampling techniques, 41 articles pertinent to the target theories were selected from 25 journals and analyzed based on qualitative method. Data analysis was initially started by identifying meaning units, and then, by choosing meaning units, coding, forming of subcategories and categories, and extraction of the themes were pursued. To ensure validity and reliability, triangulation and investigator triangulation techniques were used. Findings Within content analysis approach, following selection of the analysis unit and meaning units, explanatory themes including “obtaining the resources and improving the competitive advantage”, “developing control capabilities and improving management structure”, and “adjusting capacities and diversification” in the firms were identified. The first theme indicates that in order to reduce their costs and obtain competitive advantage in production and marketing, firms tend to apply networking. This theme is highlighted within merger and acquisition viewpoint, whereas agency viewpoint does not consider such a theme. It is also noteworthy that resource dependent theory partly focuses on this theme. The second theme indicates that within networking procedure, firms can enhance their power on scarce resources and reduce the competitiveness through convergent management with network activists. Such a procedure will lead to governance development within the network. “Reduction in competitiveness and governance development” are of utmost importance in this theme. In fact, this theme is applicable within three theories of dependence, strategic alliance, and agency theory. In general, resource dependence theory is much more involved in this theme compared to other theories. The third theme reflects the fact that there are some extra capabilities in some organizations and firms which are intact in production and service providing processes. On the other hand, some firms lack necessary capabilities to retain their own part in the market. Therefore, it is crucial to balance such capabilities through the analysis of inside conditions and inter-relationships between the firms. It means that the activists tend to evaluate their capabilities and their competitors and active allies in the market to build and diversify their relationships. Accordingly, diversification is considered as the main by-product of balancing capabilities. Diversification occurs in two different levels of activist and resources. In fact, organizations and firms attempting to gain new resources, to find other institutional allies so as to ensure future capacities and to reduce uncertainties by balancing capabilities. This theme includes diversification through networking, relationship analysis, and internal-external capabilities analysis which are equally shared among different theories. In general, the results showed that some theories of relationship and networking are merely economic-based, while others are multi-dimensional encompassing issues of transactions and activist diversity. Moreover, merge and acquisition theory and resource dependence theory can explain networking functions more appropriately. Conclusion Theory of merger and acquisition and theory of strategic allies have considered the interactive and economic roles of the networks in a mixed and balanced way. In addition, agency theory is not focused on organizational communications and networking in comparison with other theories, and does not work well in explanation of networking functions. Generally, this study significantly focused on the content and principles of explanation and synthesis of selected theories in selection of the scientific papers and did not consider related critical approaches. Hence, it is suggested to investigate critical approaches in future studies.

Copyright of Transformations in Business & Economics is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento (RT&D) / Journal of Tourism & Development is the property of Associacao de Gestao e Planeamento em Turismo da Universidade de Aveiro (AGPTUA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Business Informatics / Informatyka Ekonomiczna is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Research Papers of the Wroclaw University of Economics / Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Relevance and problem of the study. The article analyses different approaches to organizational transformations and aims to systemize and summarize the existing theories of organizational transformations. Networks of organizations provide access to resources, knowledge and skills from other members of the network, network achievements can be distributed to all network participants. However, the network does not provide equal opportunities for all, mainly supporting those who invest more. Much is determined by different capabilities and abilities of network participants. For small business often find it difficult to become members of the network of organizations. This article therefore raises the scientific problem of how to increase the chances of small business becoming members of the network of organizations and gaining more rights in the activities of such a network. The objective of the paper is to systemize and summarize the scientific theories of organizations’ transformations and networks. Research methods: analysis, structuring, synthesis and comparison of research sources, logical categorization and classification, deduction, interpretation and justification of statements. The transformation of an organization is defined as the implementation of processes aimed at fundamental changes in the organization. Researchers in the organization’s transformations partially compare with the introduction of quality management systems in the organization and their functionality or the theory of the learning organization. The focus is on the dynamic ability of the organization can react flexibly and quickly to the changing internal and external environment. One of the main elements that determines the success of the transformation of the organization is the organization’s manager and his ability to develop his firm as learning organization. Organizations seeking to transform need good theoretical and practical knowledge of organizational transformations. Existing theories and methods are often divided into several types, but none of them is entirely appropriate. By combining several theories, they could provide a more comprehensive theory of the transformations of organizations and, at the same time, enable a better understanding of transformation processes. Science distinguishes four types of organizational transformations: from transformations, when they are managed easily due to the predicted environment, to the most complex scenario, where the environment is chaotic, difficult to predict and changes in the organization must respond more to a changing environment than planning. However, the transformation of an organization is a more planned process than chaotic, so transformation theories can be combined with quality management systems and learning organization theories. The transformation of the organization is highly dependent on the external environment: if the environment is calm and unchaotic, the entire transformation process of the organization takes place by combining short-term plans with the creation of a long-term vision and all this information transferring to the employees. When the transformation of an organization reaches a revolutionary, high level of destabilization, then external processes force organizations to become very flexible. The organization’s vision is then continually updated, and the organization’s ability to learn quickly is crucial. Scientists interpret the concept of networks of organizations differently. Each of the networks divides into internal and external ones, others focus on the assessment of network dynamics. There is consensus that the importance of networks of organizations is very high for all organizations working on market conditions. Networks of organizations make it possible to develop new products, to enter new markets, services and manufactured goods become better promoted compared to those organizations that do not participate in the networks of organizations. A small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) cooperation with a large enterprise creates opportunities for strengthening existing and developing new strategic resources. Both enterprises can strengthen each other by creating a long-term competitive advantage through strategic resources, i.e. to carry out the dissemination of co-produced products through joint logistics chains, to improve organizational cultures, to initiate changes in internal structures, strategies and management changes, integrating and developing organizational resources and traditional skills. SME see different objectives when participating in networks of organizations. SME’s networks help to ensure operational stability, improve efficiency, seek recognition. SME executives appreciate the benefits of participating in the network and need to have a lot of knowledge about the possible configurations of organizations’ networks in order to choose the most suitable for their business. Each SME aims to gain and maintain a long-term competitive advantage on the market. An organizational network enables SEM to troubleshoot major issues and use organizational network resources for own needs. It is suitable for those SMES that face great competition and are looking for ways to survive in the market and strengthen their competitiveness positions. However, to establish itself within an organizational network and acquire missing resources and new organizational competencies, SME face a number of challenges which are only overtaken by smart, flexible and collaborative SME.

Copyright of Socialiniai Tyrimai is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper analyzes the processes of urbanization, organization and resistance taking place in urban areas developed through popular intervention in Asuncion, Paraguay. To this end, this study collected data from official institutions and conducted qualitative research through observation and in-depth interviews with 30 local community leaders. According to those surveyed, the popular urbanization process dates back to the colonial period, focusing on the riverside area of Asuncion, then expanded to other municipalities within the metropolitan region of the city. Local communities built these popular neighborhoods through the elaboration of organizational networks and solidarity initiatives. While mechanisms of occupation and resistance included street mobilization, community organizations still rely on institutional management to achieve better citizen participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Polish organic food market continues to be a niche. Nevertheless, the market can function efficiently and develop provided that several conditions are met, including the optimization of the supply of raw materials and final products, and the organization of effective distribution channels. One of the key areas that require an in-depth analysis is the question of efforts undertaken at all levels of the marketing chain. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to present the distribution channels of the Polish organic food market, explore the organizational limitations faced by this market, and diagnose the reasons why distribution channel participants do not cooperate with each other. In view of the findings of the research conducted among three groups (producers, processors and intermediaries), an attempt was made to identify successful networking solutions. The prerequisites for the prospective growth of the organic food market can be indicated. According to the interviewees, initiating and implementing collaboration as an element of marketing activities should lead to desirable outcomes, including more efficient market processes, especially as regards organic product distribution. Actions based on the integration and combination of marketing efforts should translate into market development. The creation of short supply chains is one of the key solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Changes in policy can reduce violence and injury; however, little is known about how partnerships among organizations influence policy development, adoption, and implementation. To understand partnerships among organizations working on injury and violence prevention (IVP) policy, we examined IVP policy networks in 15 large US cities. Methods: In summer 2014, we recruited 15 local health departments (LHDs) to participate in the study. They identified an average of 28.9 local partners (SD = 10.2) working on IVP policy. In late 2014, we sent survey questionnaires to 434 organizations, including the 15 LHDs and their local partners, about their partnerships and the importance of each organization to local IVP policy efforts; 319 participated. We used network methods to examine the composition and structure of the policy networks. Results: Each IVP policy network included the LHD and an average of 21.3 (SD = 6.9) local partners. On average, nonprofit organizations constituted 50.7% of networks, followed by government agencies (26.3%), schools and universities (11.8%), coalitions (11.2%), voluntary organizations (9.6%), hospitals (8.5%), foundations (2.2%), and for-profit organizations (0.7%). Government agencies were perceived as important by the highest proportion of partners. Perceived importance was significantly associated with forming partnerships in most networks; odds ratios ranged from 1.07 (95% CI, 1.02-1.13) to 2.35 (95% CI, 1.68-3.28). Organization type was significantly associated with partnership formation in most networks after controlling for an organization's importance to the network. Conclusions: Several strategies could strengthen local IVP policy networks, including (1) developing connections with partners from sectors that are not well integrated into the networks and (2) encouraging indirect or less formal connections with important but missing partners and partner types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transfer entropy has long been used to discover network structures and relationships based on the behavior of nodes in the system, especially for complex adaptive systems. Using the fact that organizations often behave as complex adaptive systems, transfer entropy can be applied to discover the relationships and structure within an organizational network. The organizational structures are built using a model developed by Dodd, Watts, et al, and a simulation method for complex adaptive supply networks is used to create node behavior data. The false positive rate and true positive rates are established for various organizational structures and compared to a basic tree. This study provides a baseline understanding for the accuracy that can be expected when discovering organizational networks using these techniques. It also highlights conditions in which it may be more difficult to successfully discover a network structure using transfer entropy and bounds confidence levels for practitioners of such methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Arts Management is the property of International Journal of Arts Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The form of institutional linkages between schools and employers changed during the decade-long economic recession in Japan. This article explores why institutional linkages between women’s colleges and large Japanese firms in the secondary labor market have survived, despite a long-term restraining of labor demand. From a network theory perspective, employers value information about applicants’ residency status, as it is conducive to reducing personnel management costs; information can be reliably obtained via these institutional linkages. Employers expect schools to use such information to select nominees. By using the data from the school’s applicant pool, the results from logistic regression analysis showed that schools tend to nominate candidates who are living with their parents, and no candidates who lived without parents were hired. Additionally, a candidate’s academic performance and personality evaluation, which can also be obtained through the linkages, as well as more formal recruitment processes, did not have a significant impact on employee selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the ways in which employers’ organizational networks, as shaped by the emergence of the “contract state” and related changes in the legal environment, affect employment practices. The classic analysis of the ways in which the legal environment benefits elites has successfully been applied to large organizations. Here, from a microsociological perspective, the authors researched how within an ambivalent legal context small and medium size cleaning companies interact with members of their organizational network. Semistructured interviews with cleaning subcontractors illustrate a specific type of standardization process by which the Finance Ministry’s administrative guidelines encourage cleaning companies to ignore workers’ rights and develop illegal employment practices which are then transferred from contracts with state agencies to contracts with private firms purchasing services. The possibility to interpret this process as a form of state power is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Influential stakeholders have highlighted many constraints inherent in conventional scientific forest management plans for community forestry (CF) and presented simpler alternatives. Nevertheless, some developing countries continue to use rigid, complex and high-cost plans and regulations. This article considers two issues: (1) why heavily-regulated or rigid CF systems were originally introduced and why they continue to be used in developing countries despite critiques and counterproposals; and (2) under what circumstances will such CF systems face an impasse, and what can be done to resolve the situation. Using Cambodia as a case study, we examine the development of a rigid CF system, review negative factors influencing the upland forested area, clarify the unfavorable situations arising from these factors and discuss likely problems associated with the CF management system. International organizations played a key role in the introduction and maintenance of rigid, complex and high-cost CF systems in Cambodia. Conflicts and crises arise when the administration prosecutes local farmers for illegal cultivation or deprives communities of CF management rights because of the expansion of commercial crop cultivation and the lack of adequate community management in response to unprecedented changes. A likely practical solution to the probable impasse is the development and funding of a functional network of CF management committees, rather than the adoption of an entirely new, alternative system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops a motivation, opportunity, and ability framework to examine knowledge sharing and organizational learning as a mean to drive entrepreneurship and innovation in complex organizational networks. Utilizing the theoretical linkages and antecedents suggested in established corporate entrepreneurship models that identify what is necessary for innovation to occur in existing organizations, we offer both a theoretical model and an additional tool of analysis looking at how corporate entrepreneurial activity emerges in organizational networks. Using survey data collected from 200 franchise operators of a single large hybrid organization, our results demonstrate how knowledge sharing and organizational learning are associated with the motivation, opportunity, and ability to act within the corporate entrepreneurial context. Moreover, this motivation, opportunity, and ability framework was observed to provide a complementary tool to traditional measures of CE (e.g., CEAI from Hornsby et al. in J Bus Ventur 17(3):253-273, ) as it provided insights into functional and process variables affecting corporate entrepreneurial activity. As such, this research introduces both practical and theoretical implications that further our understanding of how to develop, manage, and leverage corporate entrepreneurship in a complex organizational network to achieve both operational performance and entrepreneurial innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Management Sciences / Nauki o Zarzadzaniu is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)