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The rapid failure of organic coatings in deep-sea environments complicates accurate lifetime prediction. Given the rapid cracking characteristic on the coating surface in this environment, a comprehensive "performance-structure" failure model was established. Initially, a targeted image recognition approach containing convolutional neural network (CNN) and post-processing was constructed for the crack area detection. An overall precision of 82.81% demonstrated the network's good accuracy. The length distribution and the statistical evolution of cracks were extracted from SEM images to obtain the kinetic equation of the cracks related to coating structure degradation. In addition, the kinetics of water diffusion and coating adhesion were examined, as they represent critical parameters of coating performance. Based on this achievement, a failure model incorporating three dominant factors was integrated by the gray relational analysis method. The average prediction error of the model was 2.60%, which lays the groundwork for developing image-based methods to predict coating life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The properties of protective coatings made from organic coatings on metallic substrates strongly depend on the condition of the substrate surface. This refers to the condition of the edges, welds, and the surface in general. Edge treatment is one of the most important operations prior to the actual coating application. The coating's protective properties and its susceptibility to mechanical damage are directly affected by the edge treatment. The article deals with the problem of edge treatment of the base material and the effect of this treatment on the quality of surface finishing. The edges were modified in three ways on the prepared Kosmalt E 300 T samples. Subsequently, some samples were hot-dip galvanized. An organic coating was then applied as the final surface treatment to all samples. The evaluation of the quality of the surface finishing was carried out on the above-mentioned, differently treated edges. The results strongly indicate the importance of the condition of the substrate surface and its influence on the quality of the final surface finish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce a "solution‐processing‐transformation" strategy, deploying solvent vapor as scaffolds, to fabricate high‐quality hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (HOF) membranes. This strategy can overcome the mismatch in processing conditions and crystal growth thermodynamics faced during the facile solution processing of the membrane. The procedure includes the vapor‐trigged in situ transformation of dense amorphous supramolecules to crystalline HOF‐16, with HOF‐11 as the transient state. The mechanism involves a vapor‐activated dissolution‐precipitation equilibrium shifting and hydrogen bonding‐guided molecule rearrangement, elucidated through combined experimental and theoretical analysis. Upon removal of the molecular scaffolds, the resulting HOF‐16 membranes showcase significant improvement in hydrogen separation performance over their amorphous counterparts and previously reported HOF membranes. The method's broad applicability is evidenced by successfully extending it to other substrates and HOF structures. This study provides a fundamental understanding of guest‐induced ordered supramolecular assembly and paves the way for the advanced manufacture of high‐performance HOF membranes for gas separation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Corrosion is a major problem and protective coatings offer an effective solution. However, organic coatings are often associated with microcracks caused by the evaporation of solvents during coating preparation. This study investigates the use of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles as a coating additive to protect mild steel surfaces. Additionally, doping TiO2 with tin (Sn) is believed to enhance its properties due to the reduced size of the nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were synthesised using the sol–gel method and subjected to various analyses. The coated mild steel samples were prepared using the dip‐coating method and immersed in 3.5 wt.% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution for 30 days. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel polarisation showed that the Sn‐doped TiO2 nanoparticles as an additive improved the corrosion resistance, as evidenced by a positive shift in corrosion potential (Ecorr) and reduced corrosion current density (Icorr). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Partially phosphorylated poly(vinyl alcohol) (PPVA) as anticorrosive coating for AZ31 magnesium alloy was investigated in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS). Four phosphoric acid levels were used to modify PVA, resulting in four PPVA products. They were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), water contact angle (WCA), and swelling test. PPVA-coated Mg alloys were evaluated using hydrogen evolution, cathodic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). TGA indirectly revealed crosslinked regions in the PPVA structure that increased with acid content. WCA and hydrogen evolution tests suggested that PPVA is a promising polymer for biomedical applications. Corrosion tests showed that the PPVA with 10% acid addition significantly improved the impedance modulus and lowered the cathodic kinetics compared to uncoated samples. The findings of the study suggested that the acid addition in PVA must be at least 10 % to guarantee improved corrosion resistance in HBSS, which indicates this material has potential for biological applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heptamethine based cyanines, namely 1,3,‐trimethyl‐2‐(2‐2[2‐phenylsulfanyl‐3‐[2‐(1,3,3‐trimethyl‐1,3,3‐trithyl‐1,3‐dihydro‐indol‐2‐ylidene)‐ethylidene]cyclohex‐1‐enyl]vinyl)‐3H‐indolium chloride (S1) and 2‐[2‐(2‐chloro‐[2‐[1,1‐dimethyl‐7‐sulfo‐3‐(4‐sulfobutyl)‐1,3‐dihydro‐benzo[e]indol‐2‐ylidene]‐ethylidene]cyclopent‐1‐enyl]vinyl]‐1,1‐dimethyl‐7‐sulfo‐3‐(4‐sulfobutyl)‐1Hbenzo[e]indolium hydroxide, inner salt, triethylammonium salt (S2), efficiently result in physical drying of an aqueous dispersion comprising a polyurethane binder. S2 possesses a water solubility of 40 g/L. A high‐intensity near‐infrared‐LED emitting at 820 nm with an intensity of 1 W/cm2 served as light source. The cyanine converted the light absorbed into heat by internal conversion needing less drying time compared to conventional drying. Water content after film formation showed less then 1%. In the second step, ultraviolet (UV) exposure with a LED emitting at 395 nm resulted in formation of semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks by crosslinking of the multifunctional (meth)acrylate operating as reactive diluent. Ethyl phenyl(2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoyl)phosphinate‐L served as effective UV‐photoinitiator. Furthermore, the UV‐exposure together with Norrish Type I and Type II photoinitator systems results in a very efficient bleaching of the green physical dried film. This contribution shows for the first time a new photonic hybrid technique describing successful replacement of an oven‐based process by a photonic based step that generates heat needed for drying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights Corrosion of steel is one of the challenging issues that researchers has focused on it. Among corrosion control methods, organic coatings with suitable lifetime and efficiency are a great of interest. In the present research, polyaniline‐ copper‐based metal organic framework (PANI‐Cu‐MOF) is synthesized using in‐situ oxidation polymerization method and successfully characterized with different techniques. Then, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 wt. % of PANI‐Cu‐MOF composite are added to vinyl ester (VE) resin based on bisphenol A and coated on ST37 steel. The performance of the as‐prepared coatings on ST37 is evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for 360 h. The EIS results showed that loading of PANI‐Cu‐MOF (0.5 wt. %) in VE led to the highest protective properties against aggressive species with |Z|0.01 Hz = 6.76 × 107 Ωcm2 after 360 h. The uniform distribution of PANI‐Cu‐MOF composite in VE and its hydrophobic property causes a delay in the penetration of the corrosive species into the coating, thus increasing the corrosion resistance. PANI‐Cu‐MOF composite is embedded to VE resin as novel anti‐corrosive pigment. The highest Rcoat are achieved for VE‐PANI‐Cu‐MOF 0.5 wt. %. In the presence of PANI‐Cu‐MOF, the corrosive species penetrations decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corrosion is a spontaneous process that can be slowed down, though not entirely prevented, through various methods. The most common method for protecting metals against corrosion involves the application of coatings, with nearly three-quarters of metal structures currently benefiting from organic coatings. In addition to providing effective corrosion protection, modern coatings are expected to be environmentally friendly. Presently, there is growing interest in researching coatings based on water-soluble natural polymers containing active chemical compounds, such as corrosion inhibitors. One such polymer is chitosan, which exhibits excellent film-forming ability in acidic aqueous solutions, making it well suited for diverse protective coating applications. This study explores the possibility of applying a chitosan-based coating with the addition of TiO2 and eucalyptol for the protection of steel against acid corrosion. The results confirmed that the tested chitosan-based coatings must incorporate an inhibitor to have a protective effect on the steel surface, since these coatings show a corrosive effect without an inhibitor. Although coatings based on chitosan and titanium dioxide with the addition of eucalyptol demonstrate protective effects, the duration of these effects is limited. Consequently, this method of protection could be suitable only for temporary protection of steel against acid corrosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relevant aspects in the design of modular expansion joints are the high fatigue stress caused by heavy load traffic and the corrosion protection. Currently, corrosion damage is often not limited to the traversable surface. Therefore, more durable expansion joints are highly desirable to extend their service life. The FOSTA research project P1574 resulted from the need for durable expansion joints and thus is aimed at hot‐dip galvanized structures. In this project about 14.000 individual damages on 6.300 modular expansion joints were evaluated, relevant hot‐dip‐galvanizing parameters were investigated and recommendations for hot‐dip galvanizing‐compatible constructions were made. In addition, the fatigue strength of existing constructions has been evaluated with regard to the current and upcoming version of Eurocode 1993‐1‐9. This evaluation will be verified in the course of cyclic tests and numerical investigations. A monitoring concept is to be designed according to the requirements of the modular expansion joints and the corresponding neuralgic points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The corrosion problem affecting ancient Chinese bronze relics and the protective measures required post-excavation are crucial for the study of historical cultural heritage and for ensuring heritage revitalization and sustainable development. This work includes a statistical analysis, clusters information, and thoroughly examines international research on bronze relic corrosion and protection. It delves into the timeline and trends of research, the main countries leading the research efforts, the research content, and the relationships between these factors. A comprehensive review is provided on the corrosion principles, materials, detection methods, and protection techniques for bronze. The study explores the corrosion principles and processes of bronze from a materials science perspective both before and after excavation. It summarizes non-destructive detection methods and examines specific factors that influence corrosion. Furthermore, the article reviews current corrosion protection methods for bronze and related protection materials, including commonly used strategies such as surface corrosion inhibitors and organic resin coatings for protection. It also discusses the potential application of advanced corrosion protection methods in the realm of metal materials in recent years to safeguard bronze. Proposing innovative solutions, the study suggests the possibility of constructing biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces to create a barrier isolating humid air from contacting bronze materials, thereby reducing the adhesion of corrosive media to the substrate and significantly diminishing the likelihood of corrosion. In conclusion, the article looks towards the future, considering the challenges and potential development directions for the corrosion protection of bronze and related protection materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] As the most promising anodes for Na+/K+ batteries (SIBs/PIBs), transitional metal sulfides present the advantages of high capacity, straightforwardly-controlled morphology and abundant redox reaction sites. However, maintaining the structural integrity of the electrode materials during cycling and improving the cycle life still face great challenges. Herein, CoS 2 @NPSC@MoS 2 nano-spindle heterostructure with multiple heteroatoms co-doped carbon layers coupled with Janus metal sulfides (CoS 2 and MoS 2) were successfully fabricated via the successive organic coating, gas-phase phosphorization and the final hydrothermal reaction processes. Benefiting from the uniformly dispersed CoS 2 nanocrystals in the interior of carbon layer and the MoS 2 nanosheets arrays in the exterior, Na+/K+ diffusion distances are remarkedly shortened and the reaction kinetics are greatly improved, which also provide more active sites on the surface for exposure to the electrolyte. The presence of heterogeneous atomic N/P/S co-doped carbon layer greatly improves the electrochemical conductivity of the heterostructure and provide additional buffer space for volume changes, which is conducive to retaining the integrity of the electrode structure during the cycling processes. When used as the anode material for SIBs/PIBs, it reached the reversible specific capacity of 340.44 mAh g−1 at 5.0 A g−1 after 1000 cycles for SIBs and 37.53 mAh g−1 at 5.0 A g−1 after 800 cycles for PIBs. This work demonstrates a reliable and simple strategy for the rational design of Janus metal sulfides heterostructures for high performance Na+/K+ storage application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Surface display of functional groups with specific reactivity around living cells is an emerging, low cost and highly eco-compatible technology that serves multiple applications, ranging from basic biochemical studies to biomedicine, therapeutics and environmental sciences. Conversely to classical methods exploiting hazardous organic synthesis of precursors or monovalent functionalization via genetics, here we perform functional decoration of individual living microalgae using suitable biocoatings based on polydopamine, a melanin-like synthetic polymer. Here we demonstrate the one-pot synthesis of a functional polydopamine bearing phenylboronic units which can decorate the living cell surfaces via a direct ester formation between boronic units and surface glycoproteins. Furthermore, biosorption of fluorescent sugars on functionalized cell membranes is triggered, demonstrating that these organic coatings act as biocompatible soft shells, still functional and reactive after cell engineering.

Abstract An innovative green organogel was designed to simultaneously tackle inorganic compounds (i.e., iron corrosion) and organic substances (i.e., acrylic coatings) as undesired materials possibly present on the surface of altered indoor metal artworks. Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), ethyl lactate (EL), and deferoxamine B (DFO) were employed in the formulation as thickening agent, organic solvent, and complexing agent, respectively, aiming to propose a sustainable and less harmful chemical cleaning method for metal care. The components were selected because they are bio-sourced, renewable, biodegradable, and non- or low-toxic materials. A multi-modal protocol of analysis was carried out to characterise the newly designed PHB-EL-DFO organogel. The cleaning performance of the novel formulation was assessed on mild steel mock-ups presenting both corrosion and organic coating to be removed. The conducted multi-analytical approach verified that the PHB-EL-DFO gel was able to tackle the two undesired materials simultaneously in an adjustable and easy-to-use way thanks to a modular application.

Perovskite oxides and organic–inorganic halide perovskite materials, with numerous fascinating features, have been subjected to extensive studies. Most of the properties of perovskite materials are dependence on their ferroelectricity that denoted by remanent polarization (Pr). Thus, the increase of Pr in perovskite films is mainly an effort in material physics. At present, commonplace improvement schemes, i.e., controlling material crystallinity, and post‐annealing by using a high‐temperature process, are normally used. However, a simpler and temporal strategy for Pr improvement is always unavailable to perovskite material researchers. In this study, an organic coating layer, low‐temperature, and vacuum‐free strategy is proposed to improve the Pr, directly increasing the Pr from 36 to 56 µC cm−2. Further study finds that the increased Pr originates from the suppression of the oxygen defects and Ti defects. This organic coating layer strategy for passivating the defects may open a new way for the preparation of higher‐performance and cost‐effective perovskite products, further improving its prospective for application in the electron devices field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shells are primarily composed of calcite and aragonite, making the inclusion of micronized shells as bio-based fillers in organic coatings a potential means to enhance the mechanical properties of the layers. A water-based coating was reinforced with 5 wt.% Acanthocardia tuberculata powder, 5 wt.% Mytilus galloprovincialis powder, and 5 wt.% of an LDPE/ceramic/nanoceramic composite. An improvement in abrasion resistance was achieved using micronized seashells, as demonstrated by the Taber test (evaluating both weight loss and thickness reduction). Additionally, Buchholz hardness improved with powders derived from Mytilus galloprovincialis. No significant differences were observed among the samples in terms of color and gloss after 200 h of UV-B exposure. However, the delamination length from the scratch after 168 h of exposure in a salt spray chamber indicated that the addition of particles to the polymeric matrix resulted in premature degradation, likely due to the formation of preferential paths for water penetration from the scratch. This hypothesis was supported by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, which revealed a decrease in total impedance at 0.01 Hz shortly after immersion in a 3.5% NaCl solution. In conclusion, the particle size and shape of the micronized shells improved abrasion resistance without altering color and gloss but led to a decrease in the coating's isolation properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Significant advancements in the activity of nitrogen‐coordinated iron single‐atom catalysts (Fe–N–C) have attracted attention as potential alternatives to Pt‐based cathodes in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. However, their limited stability in acidic environments hinders their practical application. Moreover, achieving a synchronous enhancement of both the activity and stability of the Fe sites while preventing demetallation or carbon corrosion remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a synthesis method for Fe–N–C is introduced that exhibits remarkable durability, featuring a protective carbon encapsulation formed by applying an additional heterocyclic organic compound coating. It is demonstrated that stability can be enhanced by converting edge‐rich Fe sites into highly stable FeN4 moieties through precise control of the robustness and packing density of the carbon encapsulation. Furthermore, electrochemical redox behavior along with in situ spectroscopies and online differential electrochemical mass spectrometry provide insights into the structural characteristics of each Fe site and their stabilities. The accelerated stress testing and a long‐term test (>100 h) exhibit that the robust carbon encapsulation can successfully prevent corrosion of carbon support and ensure durable Fe sites during operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this work is to fabricate the advanced organic antibacterial coating containing the strong photocatalytic nanomaterials. For this purpose, firstly the TiO2–Ag hybrid nanoparticles are synthesized by chemical reduction method. Then, the antibacterial coating based on acrylic polyol, polyisocyanate, and these TiO2–Ag hybrid nanoparticles has been prepared. Mechanical properties show that the optimal content of TiO2–Ag hybrid nanoparticles in the coating matrix is 2 wt%, with its abrasion resistance of 166.2 L/mil; impact strength of 195 kg cm; adhesion of size #1 and relative hardness of 0.78. In addition, FE-SEM analysis shows that the nanocomposite coating has a tight structure with homogeneous dispersion of TiO2–Ag nanoparticles in the polymer matrix. The paint film has good antibacterial activity and has great application prospects. Data from the antibacterial test indicates that in the presence of an acrylic polyurethane coating containing 2 wt% TiO2–Ag, the number of viable Escherichia coli decreased from 3.4 × 105 CFU/ml to 1.5 × 102 CFU/ml after 24 h of culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rubber tire mold fouling is a severe problem leading to mold surface corrosion, tire defects, and extra energy consumption. Traditional mechanical and chemical cleaning is inefficient and induces mold surface damage. Low surface energy organic coating displays antiadhesive behavior but is susceptible to wear. Here, we develop a bioinspired Co-CeO2/MoS2 coating with effective mechanical robustness, corrosion resistance, and antifouling behavior by leveraging a slippery liquid-infused surface (SLIPS) strategy. The micro-nanostructure of the coating serves as mechanical stability and anticorrosion skeleton with the infused lubricant acting as a slippery antifouling surface. The variation of microstructure, mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, and antifouling behavior of the coating with individual and synergistic addition of CeO2 and MoS2 is systematically characterized. The slippery Co-CeO2/MoS2 coating shows excellent mechanical stiffness, corrosion resistance, and antifouling performances in rubber vulcanization conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of edible coatings on the quality of organic apple cv. 'Golden delicious' during storage were investigated. Following harvest, the fruits were treated by dipping in various coatings: Nutropit® (14% CaO), Nutropit®+Xedabio (soybean lecithin-based (E322), 0.8%), Bioxeda (an eugenol-based product containing clove oil, 0.8%), Nutropit®+Bioxeda, and Semperfresh (SemperfreshTM, a sucrose-ester based coating, 1%). Organically grown apple cv. 'Golden delicious' treated with edible oil-based coatings Xedabio or Bioxeda, combined with Nutropit®, improved postharvest longevity as they effectively delayed color changes in the fruit, and reduced weight loss, shriveling, superficial scald, and rot incidence. Additionally, the combined treatments minimized synthetic pesticide input in the apple agroecosystem, resulting in fruit with zero residues—a critical factor in organic apple production—while maintaining high consumer acceptance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently used organic coatings for the protection of bronze sculptures have a relatively short lifespan as a consequence of strict requirements of conservation ethics, which limit the selection of coatings. For that reason, enhancement of the corrosion protection level and durability of appropriate coatings is needed. The aim of this work was to examine if corrosion protection of bronze by selected acrylic and polyurethane coatings could be improved by using two phosphonic acids, 16-phosphonohexadecanoic acid (COOH-PA) and 12-aminododecylphosphonic acid (NH2-PA). Electrochemical measurements (linear polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, EIS) were performed to gain an insight into the influence of these phosphonic acids on the performance of the coatings during a two-week exposure to artificial acid rain and a three-month outdoor exposure. Besides the influence on the corrosion protection level, the influence on the coating adhesion was examined as well. A pull-off test clearly confirmed that the studied phosphonic acids act as adhesion promoters of both polyurethane and acrylic coatings, while electrochemical studies revealed improvements in corrosion protection levels, especially in the case of the acrylic coating Paraloid B72. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mankind has erected monoliths and stone structures for millennia to ensure stories and culture are passed on to future generations. In the modern era, monuments and architecture are designed with the intention of lasting several decades to hundreds of years and may utilize an arrangement of natural and synthetic materials. Choice of substrate helps ensure the longevity of these structures, but coatings are utilized to provide additional characteristics and subsequent protection to the finished product. Protective coatings come in a variety of base materials and are utilized to address specific degradation concerns. Advances in this field focus on protection of the surface while preventing any unintended damage to the substrate. This mini review summarizes the advances in protective coatings useful for historical monuments and architecture up to January 2024. © 2024 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within this study, the influence of particles of different types, natures, and sizes on the mechanical and corrosion resistance of pigmented systems containing spherical zinc was studied. For this study, prominent representatives from the group of transition metal dichalcogenides (MoS2, WS2), layered transition metal oxides (MoO3, WO3), and other semiconductor materials (ZnS and ZnO) were used. The layered ultra-thin structure of these particles was predisposed to provide enhanced mechanical and anti-corrosion performance. The mechanical properties of the studied coatings were tested using standardized mechanical tests, while the anti-corrosion performance of these coatings was studied using standardized cyclic corrosion tests and the linear polarization electrochemical technique. The results of the experimental techniques bring completely original knowledge about the action of these pigments in paint systems pigmented with zinc. The results of experimental techniques have shown enhancement and an increase in both mechanical and anti-corrosion performance when using these special types of inorganic pigments. In particular, with organic coatings pigmented with MoO3, there was an increase in mechanical resistance mainly due to its morphology and layered structure. In addition, a significant enhancement of the anti-corrosion efficiency was noted for this type of organic coating due to the enhancement of individual types of action mechanisms typical and proven for zinc-pigmented systems. These original findings can be used in the search for possibilities to reduce the zinc content in zinc-pigmented organic coatings. This partial replacement of zinc particles leads not only to a reduction in the zinc content in the system but also to a significant strengthening of the mechanical resistance and an increase in the corrosion efficiency of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

VW63Z magnesium alloy, known for its high strength-to-weight ratio and excellent mechanical properties, is a promising candidate for applications in the automotive industries. Among the anti-corrosion technologies for VW63Z alloys, organic electrophoretic coatings have gained significant attention due to their ability to provide a uniform and controlled coating thickness, high coating adhesion, and excellent corrosion protection properties. In this work, to investigate the aging behaviors of an organic electrophoretic coating for magnesium alloys, water absorption kinetics curves of the coatings after immersion in 3.5 wt.% NaCl at 20 °C and 40 °C were measured, and parameters such as the saturated water absorption and saturation time of the free film coatings were fitted to determine the densification evolution of the organic coatings. A tensile test was used to test the tensile strength of the organic coating during service to determine the evolution of the strength and toughness of the organic coating. The evolution of wet adhesion of organic coatings with service time was tested by ASTM D4541-02. The impedance spectra of the organic coatings under the above conditions were detected by EIS, and finally, the failure behavior of the organic coatings under immersion was analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides a brief overview of the use of zeolites as environmentally safe anticorrosion pigments for organic coatings on metals. The number of studies on zeolite‐based inhibiting pigments has increased significantly in recent years, due to the need to replace chromates and reduce the content of phosphate corrosion inhibitors. Based on the results available in the literature, an assessment was conducted on the inhibitory properties of complex zeolite pigments obtained by various methods. Emphasis is placed on the advantages and disadvantages of ion exchange modification of zeolites with inhibitory substances and mechanochemical synthesis of pigments. Zeolites have a wide perspective in anticorrosion technologies due to their porous structure, large surface area, high pore volume, and the ability to accumulate inhibitory ions and molecules. Such properties of zeolites make possible their use for the development of self‐healing or "smart" polymer coatings. Considering the environmental safety of zeolites and their excellent thermal and chemical stability, anti‐corrosion polymer coatings inhibited by zeolite pigments could become an effective environmentally friendly alternative to chromate‐based protective coatings. The main trends and prospects for the development of research in this domain are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are various failure modes of organic coating protective systems and the accurate evaluation of their failure degree has attracted many attentions in recent years. In this study, on the basis of eight failure modes of organic coating protective systems, a comprehensively evaluating model was established using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) principle in conjunction with the Mean Square Error (MSE) method, and that the model was used to study the performance of the coated Al-alloy specimens coupled with Ti-alloy plates after accelerated tests. At the same time, the measurements of electrochemical Impedance Spectra (EIS) were conducted for the coated Al-alloy specimens subjected to accelerated tests. Finally, the mechanical properties of these coated Al-alloy specimens were investigated. The results showed that the higher the comprehensively evaluating values, the much more serious the failure degree of the organic coating protective system. The EIS results verified the comprehensive evaluation results obtained by this model for the coated Al-alloy specimens coupled with Ti-alloy plates after accelerated tests. In addition, it was found that the deterioration of the mechanical properties of the coated specimens was very related to the failure degree of these organic coating protective systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring the sealing stability of different media to plasma-sprayed refractory Al 2 O 3 –13%TiO 2 ceramic coatings is of guiding significance for rational application. Thus, the protective performance of commonly used organic and inorganic sealing agents under different environmental temperatures in chloride ion-containing solutions was investigated in this paper. Firstly, the corrosion resistance of each sample at different temperatures was characterized by potentiodynamic polarization studies. Then the effect of solution temperature was analyzed by Arrhenius equation. Moreover, the mechanism of solution temperature influence was discussed via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, aiming to provide guidance on the selection of sealing agent types for different environments. The results indicated that both sealing agents provided corrosion resistance far beyond that of the as-sprayed coating at different temperatures. However, as the temperature increased, despite the stable behavior of the inorganic sealing coating itself, the organic sealing agent exhibited a more stable application effect in corrosion resistance, even at 80 °C, it can still show a corrosion current density in the order of 10−8 A cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spread of micro- (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in the environment has become a significant environmental concern, necessitating effective removal strategies. In this comprehensive scientific review, we examine the use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as a promising technology for the removal of MPs and NPs from water. We first describe the issues of MPs and NPs and their impact on the environment and human health. Then, the fundamental principles of using MNPs for the removal of these pollutants will be presented, emphasizing that MNPs enable the selective binding and separation of MPs and NPs from water sources. Furthermore, we provide a short summary of various types of MNPs that have proven effective in the removal of MPs and NPs. These include ferromagnetic nanoparticles and MNPs coated with organic polymers, as well as nanocomposites and magnetic nanostructures. We also review their properties, such as magnetic saturation, size, shape, surface functionalization, and stability, and their influence on removal efficiency. Next, we describe different methods of utilizing MNPs for the removal of MPs and NPs. We discuss their advantages, limitations, and potential for further development in detail. In the final part of the review, we provide an overview of the existing studies and results demonstrating the effectiveness of using MNPs for the removal of MPs and NPs from water. We also address the challenges that need to be overcome, such as nanoparticle optimization, process scalability, and the removal and recycling of nanoparticles after the completion of the process. This comprehensive scientific review offers extensive insights into the use of MNPs for the removal of MPs and NPs from water. With improved understanding and the development of advanced materials and methods, this technology can play a crucial role in addressing the issues of MPs and NPs and preserving a clean and healthy environment. The novelty of this review article is the emphasis on MNPs for the removal of MPs and NPs from water and a detailed review of the advantages and disadvantages of various MNPs for the mentioned application. Additionally, a review of a large number of publications in this field is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integration of bioelectronic devices in clinical practice is expanding rapidly, focusing on conditions ranging from sensory to neurological and mental health disorders. While platinum (Pt) electrodes in neuromodulation devices such as cochlear implants and deep brain stimulators have shown promising results, challenges still affect their long‐term performance. Key among these are electrode and device longevity in vivo, and formation of encapsulating fibrous tissue. To overcome these challenges, organic conductors with unique chemical and physical properties are being explored. They hold great promise as coatings for neural interfaces, offering more rapid regulatory pathways and clinical implementation than standalone bioelectronics. This study provides a comprehensive review of the potential benefits of organic coatings in neuromodulation electrodes and the challenges that limit their effective integration into existing devices. It discusses issues related to metallic electrode use and introduces physical, electrical, and biological properties of organic coatings applied in neuromodulation. Furthermore, previously reported challenges related to organic coating stability, durability, manufacturing, and biocompatibility are thoroughly reviewed and proposed coating adhesion mechanisms are summarized. Understanding organic coating properties, modifications, and current challenges of organic coatings in clinical and industrial settings is expected to provide valuable insights for their future development and integration into organic bioelectronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focused on enhancing the properties of interior coatings by incorporating natural additives to minimize potential health impacts associated with traditional additives. Organic additives such as Euphorbia condylocarpa, poplar tree bark, and zircon silicate were employed by utilizing Design Expert for optimization. The optimized formulation demonstrated impressive attributes including the prevention of bacterial and mold growth, high corrosion resistance, effective coverage and adhesion, and resistance to dirt retention. The recommended optimum formulation, Euphorbia condylocarpa (1%), poplar tree bark (1%), and zircon silicate (1%) by using the 2FI model, exhibited an R2 value of 0.9838, indicating a remarkable predictability of the variability in the experimental data. This result emphasized the effectiveness of the proposed model in optimizing the properties of nanosized organic coatings for various industrial applications. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) revealed that the additives contributed to the development of flame-retardant properties as the temperature increased and morphology of coating was obtained with optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Specifically, Euphorbia condylocarpa exhibited antibacterial, flame-retardant, and hydrophobic properties. The study concluded that the incorporation of euphorbia plant, poplar tree bark, and zircon silicate substances positively impacted the performance of coatings offering a more health-conscious and technologically advanced alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To obtain a more appealing wood coating with lighter color, bleaching treatment was employed. Bleached and unbleached bio-polyurethane (PU) coating was prepared using liquefied bamboo and was applied to rubberwood. The coated wood surface was examined for adhesion, scratch, abrasion, impact, and resistance to common household chemicals. The results revealed that the bleaching of liquefied bamboo exerted mixed effects on the finishing properties of the bio-PU coating. Specifically, the surface coated with unbleached bio-PU coating exhibited noticeably higher levels of scratch and impact resistance compared to the surface coated with bleached bio-PU coating. However, both the adhesion and abrasion properties were found to be similar in both cases. Both bleached and unbleached bio-PU coating exhibited similar resistance to various household chemicals, with exception of acetic acid. This research demonstrated a method for producing semi-transparent bio-PU from bamboo biomass for use in wood coating. Bleaching treatment is feasible to produce light-colored coating without significantly affecting the finishing properties of the bio-PU coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a self‐developed online test platform for high‐temperature mechanical properties was utilized to test the tensile properties of three continuous ceramic fibers from room temperature to 1 000°C. It was observed that the tensile strength of all tested continuous ceramic fibers decreased significantly with increasing temperature. Specifically, significant peeling of the surface organic coating from room temperature to 400°C, inherent and newly formed defects exposed from 600°C to 1 000°C contributed to the decrease in tensile strength. More importantly, compared with room temperature, the strength of the silicon carbide fibers and the alumina fibers remained 29.7% and 20.2% respectively when stretched online at 1 000°C, while the quartz fibers dropped to 4.3% dramatically. These findings contribute valuable data for the potential application of ceramic fiber filaments as flexible thermal protection materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Polyaniline (PANI) has garnered attention for its potential applications in anticorrosion fields because of its unique properties. Satisfactory outcomes have been achieved when using PANI as a functional filler in organic coatings. More recently, research has extensively explored PANI-based organic coatings with self-healing properties. The purpose of this paper is to provide a summary of the active agents, methods and mechanisms involved in the self-healing of organic coatings. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses specific doped acids and metal corrosion inhibitors as active and self-healing agents to modify PANI using the methods of oxidation polymerization, template synthesis, nanosheet carrier and nanocontainer loading methods. The anticorrosion performance of the coatings is evaluated using EIS, LEIS and salt spray tests. Findings: Specific doped acids and metal corrosion inhibitors are used as active agents to modify PANI and confer self-healing properties to the coatings. The coatings' active protection mechanism encompasses PANI's own passivation ability, the adsorption of active agents and the creation of insoluble compounds or complexes. Originality/value: This paper summarizes the active agents used to modify PANI, the procedures used for modification and the self-healing mechanism of the composite coatings. It also proposes future directions for developing PANI organic coatings with self-healing capabilities. The summaries and proposals presented may facilitate large-scale production of the PANI organic coatings, which exhibit outstanding anticorrosion competence and self-healing properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and tetraethylenepentamine as primary raw materials, with a molar ratio of 1.2, amidation was conducted for 4 h at 150 °C followed by cyclization for 4 h at 190 °C. Subsequendy, benzyl chloride was added for material modification at a molar ratio of 1-1.2, with a reaction time of 10 h at 80 °C. This process yielded double symmetric imidazoline corrosion inhibitors with alkyl chain lengths of C11 (LIRQ), C13 (MIRQ), C15 (MIRQ), and C17 (PIRQ). Functional group structures were characterized using infrared spectroscopy. The corrosion inhibition performance was studied by static weight loss experiments, electrochemical polarization curves, and observation of sample surface morphology using transmission electron microscopy. The weight loss experiments and polarization curve results demonstrate that in a 1 mol/L HCl medium, as the alkyl chain length increases, the corrosion inhibitor concentration, and experimental temperature gradually increase, leading to an enhanced corrosion inhibition rate. Through linear simulation, it was found that these inhibitors chemically adsorb on the metal surface and follow the Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing 'smart' nano carriers with high drug loading capacities and stimuli-responsive drug release behavior is crucial as they boost therapeutic efficiency while reducing side effects in patients and thereby ameliorate the limitations of traditional drug carriers. In this study, we created a ZIF-8 coated pH-responsive catanionic vesicular nano-aggregated drug delivery platform with high doxorubicin (DOX) loading capacity. The vesicular nano-aggregates were designed through synergistic interaction between the bile salt, sodium deoxycholate (NaDC), with a biocompatible ester-functionalized ionic liquid-based surfactant (ILBS), 4-methyl-4-(2-(dodecyloxy)carbonylmethyl)morpholin-4-ium bromide (C12EMorphBr). A composited drug nano-carrier was produced by coating zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) on the surface of drug-loaded catanionic vesicular nano aggregates (DOX loaded NaDC/C12EMorphBr@ZIF-8). The study demonstrates that the ZIF-8 shell, as opposed to the catanionic vesicular system, prevents DOX leakage from the core–shell nanocomposites in response to acidic stimulation. The size of these nanocomposites was characterized using DLS, while their morphology and crystallography were examined using SEM, EDS, and XRD. These comprehensive characterizations solidify the DOX-loaded nanocomposite's integrity, affirming the successful coating of ZIF-8 on the surface of the vesicles (NaDC/C12EMorphBr). The DOX loaded NaDC/C12EMorphBr@ZIF-8 nanocomposites effectively prevented DOX leakage and early release, resulting in targeted drug delivery to the intended site. Furthermore, The DOX-loaded nanocomposite was effective in killing MCF-07 cells, with an IC50 value of 4.35 ± 0.5 μg ml−1. This effort aims to maximize the combined and independent performance of the vesicular system and coated nanocomposites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a modern and efficient method for the evaluation of the protective abilities of coatings. However, the interpretation of the experimental data is a difficult task. This paper aims to investigate the effect of the addition of a nano clay, Cloesite 30B®, on the barrier properties of an epoxy-based system through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in an aerated sodium chloride solution. The EIS spectra of the samples analysed showed different evolutions over time. The subsequent processing of spectra using equivalent electrical circuits is an excellent analytical tool and allows the protective capacity of coatings to be assessed. By using this analysis, it was possible to define and comprehend the impact of adding nano clay in different concentrations to the epoxy resin coating. The work has shown the effectiveness of increasing the barrier effect of the coating with this type of nano clay. However, the improvement is linked to obtaining a correct dispersion of nanoparticles. Otherwise, there is the formation of macro-clusters of particles inside the coating. Their appearance can cause a deterioration in coating performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although high permittivity of inorganic materials (possibly two orders larger than organic polymers) is theoretically considered as ideal triboelectric materials, their high leakage property and low contact potential difference with metal electrodes lead to failure to obtain high triboelectric charge density. Besides, the internal space charge accumulation as a result of their defect levels reduces the output charge density and causes dielectric loss or even dielectric breakdown under charge injection in charge‐excitation triboelectric nanogenerator (CE‐TENG). Herein, this study proposes high permittivity and low dielectric loss inorganic materials as triboelectric layers. In order to prevent charge injection passing through the surface of inorganic materials caused by air breakdown under charge excitation, an organic polymer is coated, which has high permittivity, big polarizability, none charge traps, and large work function difference with metal electrodes. After optimizing the high dielectric inorganic layer and the coated organic polymer layer, the output charge of CE‐TENG based on 1 mm PZT‐5H coated with P(VDF‐TrFE‐CFE) achieves 2.83 mC m−2, 6.5 times of CE‐TENG based on 1 mm PZT‐5H, breaking the historical record for inorganic material TENG. This work clarifies the material selection criteria for CE‐TENG and provides a deeper understanding of charge transfer mechanism of inorganic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An innovative green organogel was designed to simultaneously tackle inorganic compounds (i.e., iron corrosion) and organic substances (i.e., acrylic coatings) as undesired materials possibly present on the surface of altered indoor metal artworks. Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), ethyl lactate (EL), and deferoxamine B (DFO) were employed in the formulation as thickening agent, organic solvent, and complexing agent, respectively, aiming to propose a sustainable and less harmful chemical cleaning method for metal care. The components were selected because they are bio-sourced, renewable, biodegradable, and non- or low-toxic materials. A multi-modal protocol of analysis was carried out to characterise the newly designed PHB-EL-DFO organogel. The cleaning performance of the novel formulation was assessed on mild steel mock-ups presenting both corrosion and organic coating to be removed. The conducted multi-analytical approach verified that the PHB-EL-DFO gel was able to tackle the two undesired materials simultaneously in an adjustable and easy-to-use way thanks to a modular application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precise design and tuning of Zn hopping/transfer sites with deeper understanding of the dendrite‐formation mechanism is vital in artificial anode protective coating for aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (AZIBs). Here, we probe into the role of anode‐coating interfaces by designing a series of anhydride‐based covalent organic frameworks (i.e. PI‐DP‐COF and PI‐DT‐COF) with specifically designed zigzag hopping sites and zincophilic anhydride groups that can serve as desired platforms to investigate the related Zn2+ hopping/transfer behaviours as well as the interfacial interaction. Combining theoretical calculations with experiments, the ABC stacking models of these COFs endow the structures with specific zigzag sites along the 1D channel that can accelerate Zn2+ transfer kinetics, lower surface‐energy, homogenize ion‐distribution or electric‐filed. Attributed to these superiorities, thus‐obtained optimal PI‐DT‐COF cells offer excellent cycling lifespan in both symmetric‐cell (2000 cycles at 60 mA cm−2) and full‐cell (1600 cycles at 2 A g−1), outperforming almost all the reported porous crystalline materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the improved properties of GI (hot-dip galvanized) steel plates in combination with a special permanent surface treatment. The substrate used was hot-dip galvanized deep-drawn steel sheets of grade DX56D + Z. Subsequently, various surface treatments were applied to their surface. The coefficient of friction of the metal sheets without surface treatment, with a temporary surface treatment called passivation, and a thin organic coating (TOC) based on hydroxyl resins dissolved in water, Ti and Cr3+ were determined by a cup test. The surface quality and corrosion resistance of all tested samples were also determined by exposing them for up to 288 h in an atmosphere of neutral salt spray. The surface microgeometry parameters Ra, RPc and Rz(I), which have a significant influence on the pressing process itself, were also determined. The TOC deposited on the Zn substrate was the only one to exhibit excellent lubrication and anticorrosion properties, resulting in the lowest surface microgeometry values owing to the uniform and continuous layer of the thin organic coating compared to the GI substrate and passivation surface treatment, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigated the effect of sebacate as a corrosion inhibitor for acrylic-coated steel. Specifically, it examined its impact on mitigating a frequent case of paint delamination, known as filiform corrosion (FFC), through a chosen weathering test designed to stress the degradation of the produced samples. Sebacate was demonstrated to be an efficient organic molecule for enhancing the corrosion resistance of steel. This efficacy was evaluated through electrochemical characterization based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements and potentiodynamic polarization curves, including the application of an FFC susceptibility prediction methodology based on measurements obtained in FFC-simulated electrolytes. An inhibition efficiency of 98% was measured in near-neutral saline solutions compared to conditions lacking inhibitor presence. During FFC simulation, the primary effect observed was associated with a reduction in cathodic activity evolution. Furthermore, a significant reduction in corrosion creep evolution of 35% was found. These experimental findings aligned closely with the outcomes projected by the simulated investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of organic fertilizers is one of the most important agricultural measures aimed at improving the flavor and productivity of Lycopersicon esculentum, with the granulation and coating of organic fertilizers, which can reduce seepage losses of great significance to the ecosystem. In this study, Jingcai 8 tomato was selected as the test material. Headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) methods were used to investigate the effects of different pelletized organic fertilizers and various coating materials on the flavor profile of the tomatoes. The results indicated that 67 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified in the tomato fruits and 62 volatile compounds were identified in the leaves under different fertilizer treatments. The volatile compound content of the fruits in the BP treatment group was 35.38 μg/g, which was higher than that in other treatment groups, and the volatile compound content of the leaves was lower. A differential compound analysis with log2|fold change| ≥ 1 and variable important in projection (VIP) > 1 highlighted styrene, 3-methyl-1-butanol, and (E, E)-2,4-hexadienal as the major up-regulated compounds and methyl salicylate as the major down-regulated compound in the tomato fruit BCK (control) vs. BP. Moreover, the α-phellandrene content decreased in the tomato leaves. In addition, an analysis of the tomato fruit differential compounds and compounds with odor activity values (OAV) of ≥ 1, considering the OAV values of characteristic aroma compounds, identified key compounds affecting the flavor of the tomato fruits under the BP treatment. These included 2-nonenal, (E)-2-pentylfuran, trans-β-ionone, 1-penten-3-one, (E, E)-2,4-hexadienal, and 3-hexenol (fruity, floral, and herbaceous odors), (E, E)-2,4-heptadienal (fatty odor), and hexanal (green odor). The combined results analysis of the volatile compound content, differential compounds, and OAV values of characteristic aroma compounds aimed to clarify that the BP treatment group, which applied pelletized, large-grain organic fertilizer with polyurethane (pozzolanic + small-grain oil-coated + 2% paraffinic + 4% polyurethane) as a coating material, proved to be most effective in influencing the flavor of the tomato fruits. This finding lays the foundation for its potential commercial application in artificial orchards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, organic superhydrophobic coatings have emerged as a promising direction for the protection of metal substrates due to their excellent liquid-repelling properties. Nonetheless, these coatings face challenges such as poor mechanical robustness and short service lives, which have limited their development and garnered attention from numerous researchers. Over time, researchers have gained a deeper understanding of superhydrophobic coatings and have published many related articles. Nevertheless, the lack of logical organization and systematic summarization of research focus in this field hinders its advancement. Therefore, the main purpose of this review is to clarify the design principles and working mechanisms of organic superhydrophobic coatings, as well as to summarize and synthesize the latest research on different aspects of superhydrophobic coatings, including liquid-repellent performance, wear resistance, adhesion, antibacterial properties, and self-healing properties. By employing decoupling mechanisms to study each performance aspect separately, this review aims to provide references for extending the service life of organic superhydrophobic coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To obtain a more appealing wood coating with lighter color, bleaching treatment was employed. Bleached and unbleached bio-polyurethane (PU) coating was prepared using liquefied bamboo and was applied to rubberwood. The coated wood surface was examined for adhesion, scratch, abrasion, impact, and resistance to common household chemicals. The results revealed that the bleaching of liquefied bamboo exerted mixed effects on the finishing properties of the bio-PU coating. Specifically, the surface coated with unbleached bio-PU coating exhibited noticeably higher levels of scratch and impact resistance compared to the surface coated with bleached bio-PU coating. However, both the adhesion and abrasion properties were found to be similar in both cases. Both bleached and unbleached bio-PU coating exhibited similar resistance to various household chemicals, with exception of acetic acid. This research demonstrated a method for producing semi-transparent bio-PU from bamboo biomass for use in wood coating. Bleaching treatment is feasible to produce light-colored coating without significantly affecting the finishing properties of the bio-PU coating.

Natural basalt can be processed into rod-like basalt fibers (BFs) and flake-like basalt scales (BSs) through high-temperature melting, forming and other processes. BFs and BSs have great application prospects in the field of organic coatings. BFs possess a regular rod-like structure and excellent mechanical properties, which are mainly used to enhance the mechanical properties of organic coatings. BSs possess a relatively irregular flake-like structure, which can form “maze” effects and layered structures to enhance corrosion resistance of organic coatings. However, basalt materials have poor compatibility, adhesion, and dispersion in organic resins due to their chemical inertness, resulting in a weak basalt-resin interface. Basalt-resin interface is an important parameter that determines the service performance of basalt composite coatings. Therefore, it is necessary to improve basalt-resin interface through corresponding strategies, such as chemical etching, chemical grafting and plasma treatment. Firstly, the surface modification strategies for improving basalt-matrix interface were summarized in this paper. Secondly, we discussed the effects of BFs and BSs on corrosion resistance of organic coatings and corrosion protection mechanism of composite coatings. Finally, we reviewed the research progress of modified basalt materials reinforced organic coatings.

Highlights: High-quality large-area perovskite films are prepared using a solid–liquid two-step film formation method combined with CsBr modification for the buried interface and Urea additive for perovskite crystallization. The inverted perovskite solar modules' performance is enhanced to 20.56% in 61.56 cm2 with improved stability. A considerable efficiency gap exists between large-area perovskite solar modules and small-area perovskite solar cells. The control of forming uniform and large-area film and perovskite crystallization is still the main obstacle restricting the efficiency of PSMs. In this work, we adopted a solid–liquid two-step film formation technique, which involved the evaporation of a lead iodide film and blade coating of an organic ammonium halide solution to prepare perovskite films. This method possesses the advantages of integrating vapor deposition and solution methods, which could apply to substrates with different roughness and avoid using toxic solvents to achieve a more uniform, large-area perovskite film. Furthermore, modification of the NiOx/perovskite buried interface and introduction of Urea additives were utilized to reduce interface recombination and regulate perovskite crystallization. As a result, a large-area perovskite film possessing larger grains, fewer pinholes, and reduced defects could be achieved. The inverted PSM with an active area of 61.56 cm2 (10 × 10 cm2 substrate) achieved a champion power conversion efficiency of 20.56% and significantly improved stability. This method suggests an innovative approach to resolving the uniformity issue associated with large-area film fabrication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The response of organic coatings to mechanical impact is crucial to their corrosion protection performance, particularly under offshore conditions. The paper categorizes and discusses four different types of response during the high-energy (3 to 20 J) impact of a falling ball-shaped weight on 14 multilayer organic offshore coating systems. The response types include plastic deformation, brittle (compressive) crushing, radial crack formation, and lateral delamination. Threshold and transition conditions are analyzed based on contact mechanics relationships. For the first time, complete force-deflection curves for this type of coating are recorded with an instrumented impact tester. The curves feature four characteristic points, namely a first local force maximum (FFS), the respective deflection at this force level (δFS), a maximum force (Fmax), and the respective deflection at this maximum force (δmax). These characteristic parameters are discussed in terms of coating system composition. Empirical equations for these parameters as well as for the damage size are derived. The results offer opportunities to quantitatively rank organic coatings with respect to their impact resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]