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Objectives: Prevention complements the curative management of oral diseases. Effective preventive interventions involve the adoption of oral health promoting behaviours. Little is known about the awareness of oral disease and its prevention among Singaporean adults as well as their prevailing oral health attitudes and behaviours. The aim of the study was to describe the oral health knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of adults in Singapore. Methods: A random sample of adults (≥21 years old) in Singapore was selected to complete an interviewer‐administered questionnaire. The questionnaire gathered information about their knowledge of the aetiology, signs and symptoms as well as prevention of dental caries and periodontal disease; attitudes about the value of teeth, locus of control in maintaining oral health and oral health behaviours including toothbrushing, flossing and dental attendance. Results: A total of 1196 adults of weighted mean age 48 years old with almost equal proportions of males and females responded to the questionnaire. Participants were more unaware about the causes of periodontal disease (25.7%) than dental caries (4%). While more than 90% of participants felt that healthy teeth were important and could affect their overall health, many (67.0%) felt it was natural to lose their teeth with old age. Among the participants, 83.5% brushed their teeth twice a day; 41.9% flossed their teeth and 53.9% visited the dentist at least once a year. Conclusions: The study findings showed good knowledge around dental caries but some gaps around periodontal disease. It also found that participants perceived having limited control over preventing tooth loss. Irregular dental attendance and poor denture wearing habits were also noted. The findings shed light on key areas to focus on through oral health promotion to improve overall oral health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To investigate fundamental care delivery regarding oral care in a surgical context, and to compare patients' self‐reported oral health with registered nurse assessments. Design: A descriptive and comparative study, with a consecutive selection. Methods: A patient oral health rating tool, including questions about performed oral care, was distributed to patients (n = 50), at four surgical wards in Sweden. The response rate was 72%. Oral health status was assessed by a registered nurse using the Revised Oral Assessment Guide (ROAG), and a comparison between patient and registered nurse assessment was performed by calculating Cohen's kappa coefficient and percentage agreement. Results: Patients (38%) reported severe oral symptoms, mostly dry lips and not an adequate amount of saliva, and 80% were not offered help with oral care. ROAG assessments revealed that 74% had problems with oral health. Almost half of the patients (48%) needed assistance with oral care but only 10% received help. Registered nurses assessed the patient's oral health as worse than the patient's self‐assessment did. Conclusion: There are deficiencies in fundamental care delivery regarding oral care in a surgical care context. Oral health assessments need to be performed by registered nurses. Routines for systematic oral assessments and for oral care need to be implemented by nurse managers to ensure that patients' fundamental care needs are fulfilled. Implications for the Profession and Patient Care: Oral health assessments need to be performed regularly by registered nurses since it is insufficient that patients self‐assess their oral health. Nurse managers need to provide and implement routines for nurse assessments and oral care in surgical care contexts. Impact: There are deficiencies in patients' oral health and oral care, and registered nurses need to perform oral health assessments. Nurse managers need to implement routines for registered nurse assessments and oral care. Patient Contribution: Patients admitted to a surgical ward were included in the study after being screened for inclusion criteria. After participants signed informed consent, they filled in a questionnaire about oral health and oral care, and a registered nurse performed an oral health assessment. Reporting Method: This study was carried out according to the STROBE checklist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Methods Results Conclusions This systematic review aimed to assess the effect of non‐pharmacologic perioperative oral hygiene care on reduced incidence of postoperative pneumonia (PP), surgical site infection (SSI), and the length of hospital stay in patients with cancer, and to describe the details of oral hygiene care.We searched seven databases. Eligibility criteria were based on perioperative oral hygiene care provided by healthcare professionals to patients aged ≥18 years who were surgically treated under general anesthesia and were evaluated for the incidence of PP and SSI. We reported risk ratios (RR) for dichotomous outcomes for PP and SSI using a fixed‐effects model of meta‐analysis.The search resulted in 850 articles, among which two were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 21 were observational studies. Most studies indicated that dentists and medical care providers performed a combination of oral cleaning, and oral hygiene instructions. In RCTs, perioperative oral hygiene care significantly reduced the incidence of PP (RR, 0.86; p = .60), while in observational studies, perioperative oral hygiene care significantly reduced the incidence of PP (RR, 0.55; p < .001) and SSI (RR, 0.47; p < .001). The length of hospital stay was also significantly reduced (p < .05). However, the effectiveness of nursing intervention was not clear.Perioperative oral hygiene care implemented by healthcare professionals prevented PP and SSI and reduced length of hospital stays for patients after cancer surgery. As daily perioperative oral hygiene care is performed by nurses, it is necessary to research the effects of oral hygiene by nurses in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect of thioglycosides has already been established. This study investigates the effects of thioglycosides extracted from white mustard, specifically the "Bamberka" variety, in the context of oral hygiene. The aim of the study is to clarify an evidence-based link between the documented antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects attributed to thioglycosides and their practical application in oral care. A randomized, single-blinded (patient-blinded) clinical study was performed on 66 patients using mustard-based toothpaste for oral hygiene. The patients were examined at baseline and after 6 and 12 months. The values of the Approximal Plaque Index (API), the Plaque Index (PI), and Bleeding on probing (BOP) were taken into consideration. The results show a significant reduction in plaque accumulation, especially after 6 months of using mustard-based toothpaste in all examined parameters. This suggests that thioglycosides from mustard contribute to a considerable decrease in dental plaque accumulation, confirming their potential in natural oral care solutions, which is indicated in the main conclusions or interpretations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the behavioural health conditions associated with parents’ retrospective adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) scores and their children’s early childhood caries (ECC) in parent–child dyads. Materials and methods: Parents with children younger than 72 months were included in the study. A relational screening model was used. Interaction among ACEs, ECC, nutritional habits and oral hygiene habits were evaluated. Chi-square tests and t-tests were used in the study. Multiple variables were evaluated using the artificial neural network (ANN) model. Results: The mean age of the 535 children included in the study was 46.5 months, and 52% were female. Using the ANN model, there was a statistically significant relationship between the educational status of the mothers in both the ECC and severe ECC (S-ECC) groups and the socioeconomic status of the family (p < 0.05). If the number of snacks consumed daily was three or more, the risk of ECC was statistically significantly higher (chi-square test p = 0.034). The parents’ ACEs scores had an impact on both ECC and S-ECC formation (p = 0.001, t-test). The higher the ACEs score, the higher the risk of S-ECC. The mean ACEs scores of the parents were also significantly higher in both the ECC and S-ECC groups compared to those of the parents of children without dental caries (p = 0.001, t-test). It was calculated that ACEs scores were effective at a rate of 18.2% on ECC (p = 0.045, ANN). Conclusions: The ACEs scores of parents have an impact on the oral health of young children and ECC/S-ECC formation. Clinical relevance: The long-term effects of parental ACEs are reflected in their children’s oral health. Therefore, reducing the psychosocial determinants ACEs and providing parental support may help in overcoming barriers to the well-being of young children and may facilitate better oral health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Haemangiomas are benign proliferative tumours with vascular tissue origin. These neoplasms are recognised as benign tumours commonly found in infancy, characterised by a period of rapid growth accompanied by proliferation of endothelial cells, followed by gradual involution. The male to female ratio is observed to be 3:1, with a predominant impact on the female population, particularly during the early stages of their second decade of life. The diameter of the lesion spans from a few millimeters to several centimeters, with rare instances exceeding 2.5 cm. The present case report details the occurrence of Lobular Capillary Haemangioma (LCH) in a young male patient of six years, who exhibited gingival overgrowth in the anterior maxillary region. The patient presented with symptoms of discomfort during mastication, occlusal interference, and excessive hemorrhage during oral hygiene practices. Due to the lesion's extensive blood supply and the confirmation of the diagnosis in the histology report, it was surgically removed in a single session while the patient was under conscious anaesthesia. The patient underwent a thorough six-month follow-up examination, which demonstrated a favourable outcome with no evidence of lesion recurrence. Although haemangiomas are prevalent soft tissue tumours in the head and neck region, they are infrequently found in the oral cavity and rarely encountered by doctors. Intraoral haemangiomas most commonly occur in the lips, tongue, buccal mucosa, and palate. However, this case report describes a rare occurrence in the maxillary anterior site, which has limited documentation. The treatment involved the use of monopolar cautery, which effectively reduced bleeding at the surgical site after the use of a scalpel. The purpose of present case report is to report an unusual case of a benign tumour occurring in the anterior maxillary region, which was diagnosed as LCH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The lack of a healthcare system is one of the serious problems among the Koragas. The Koraga tribal community in the Kasargod district has a community health center in the area, but it lacks advanced medical and dental facilities, making it difficult for them to seek treatment in the few private hospitals in the area due to their economic backwardness. The Malavettuvan tribes are distributed only in the ghat areas of the Kasaragod District of Kerala. Their major occupation is agriculture, and they are educationally, economically, and socially backward. Aim: To compare the periodontal status of the Koraga and Malavettuvan tribes of the Kasargod district. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 304 participants from both Koraga and Malavettuvan tribes aged 35-55 years. Clinical parameters such as the oral hygiene index, Community Periodontal Index (CPI), and loss of attachment were measured. A questionnaire was used to assess the oral hygiene habits, lifestyle, and other habits of the populations. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: The results of the present study showed a significant difference in the oral hygiene index (Median OHI of Koraga-0.40, Malavettuvan-1.20 respectively, p-value <0.001) and CPI (Median CPI of Koraga-0.60, Malavettuvan-1.50, respectively, p-value <0.001) between both groups, while there was no difference in the loss of attachment (p-value-0.991). The majority of the Koragas and Malavettuvans used toothbrush and toothpaste as cleaning aids (70.06% and 78.28%, respectively). Smokeless tobacco was prevalent among Koragas compared to Malavettuvans (36.18% and 29.60%, respectively), while cigarette smoking was more common among Malavettuvans (50.98% and 42.10% for Koragas and Malavettuvans, respectively). Conclusion: Even though the Koragas and Malavettuvans do not routinely seek dental care and have a primitive lifestyle with less formal education, a lower level of periodontal disease was observed among both groups. There is a need to promote more healthcare programs that emphasise oral health among these populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Individuals with bleeding disorders have been reported to have a number of oral health issues due to varying conditions. A comprehensive evaluation of the different oral health conditions has not been carried out in the past. This systematic review and meta‐analysis was carried out to collate and critically analyse existing research, and provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on oral health. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus and Embase, in October 2023. No restriction on time frame or language was applied. The risk of bias for cross‐sectional studies was assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) tool, and case control studies were assessed using the New Castle Ottawa Scale (NOS). Results: Twenty‐two articles were included in the final analysis with a total sample size of 2422 subjects. Of the 22 articles assessed, nine quantitative assessments were included in the Meta analysis. Pooled data analysis was carried out. A total of 13 studies reported medium risk whereas the remaining nine studies showed low risk of bias. The weighted mean DMFT scores in individuals with bleeding disorders were found to be 2.43 [0.62. 4.24], mean dmft was 2.79 [1.05, 4.53] and mean OHI‐S was reported to be 1.79 [1.00, 2.57], respectively. Conclusion: The findings emphasize that these individuals have fair oral hygiene and lower dmft/DMFT scores. Oral bleeding emerged as an important oral health component to be cautiously dealt with particularly during the stages of exfoliation/shedding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Aspiration pneumonia (AP) is a subset of pneumonia caused by the aspiration of food and fluids to the lungs and is highly prevalent in the older population. Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) is one of the risk factors for AP and it is also associated with malnutrition, dehydration and poor functional outcomes. As pneumonia is the second most common infection in nursing homes (NHs) and OD represents a major concern to NH staff, good practices for the prevention of AP in older adults at risk of OD are needed. Purpose: The aim of this modified e‐Delphi study is to build consensus among a panel of experts regarding a set of recommendations for NH staff on good practices to prevent AP in older adults at risk of OD living in NHs. The objective of this paper is to establish the methodology inherent to the Delphi study. Methods: An online modified Delphi study will be developed in three rounds. Criteria for the Delphi panel participants include holding a master's or doctoral degree in OD or speech and language therapy; or having 10 or more years of experience in OD; or having at least one scientific publication related to OD. A previously described modified Delphi methodology will be used to achieve consensus (75% agreement). An additional round will be performed to collect the experts' perspectives regarding the priority for application of each recommendation previously validated. Discussion: This protocol aimed to describe the methodology of a future Delphi study on the prevention of AP, seeking to fulfil the gap in the literature regarding this topic. The modified Delphi technique is a widely used method for collecting experts' opinion in health sciences, but the absence of standardised guidelines allows some heterogeneity between studies with the same aim. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: What is already known on the subject: Aspiration pneumonia (AP) is related to three main risk factors: impaired safety of swallow, impaired nutritional status and poor oral health. It is known that being dependent for feeding is one of the main risk factors for AP and around 50% of nursing home (NH) residents need feeding assistance. Thus, it is important to promote specialised intervention and care by the NH staff for preventing AP. What this paper adds to existing knowledge: It is hypothesised that increasing the knowledge of NH staff regarding the best practices for preventing AP in older adults at risk of oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) will improve outcomes such as quality of life, incidence of AP and mortality. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?: The recommendations resulting from this study will address a current gap in healthcare practice of NH staff regarding older adults at increased risk for OD and, consequently, for AP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Toothbrushing, limiting intake frequency, and scheduled visits to an oral healthcare professional (OHP) are key for good oral health. We aimed to explore factors influencing these oral health behaviours in Dutch adolescents with mild to borderline intellectual disabilities (MBID) in residential care. Method: Using a qualitative, descriptive approach, we conducted focus groups and interviews with 12 adolescents, 9 counsellors, and 6 OHPs. Thematic analysis mapped factors influencing adolescents' knowledge, attitude, planning, and execution of oral health behaviours to oral care stakeholders. Results: Of nine identified influencing factors, three were pivotal: Structure (influencing toothbrushing and intake frequency), Anxiety (impeding dental visits), and Support (provided by counsellors). Conclusions: Counsellors should provide structured daily guidance on oral hygiene and diet for adolescents with MBID, while respecting the adolescents' autonomy. As intermediaries between adolescents and OHPs, counsellors are key in reducing dental anxiety. Counsellors need clear oral health policies within care facilities to address competing priorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the prevalence of gingivitis and periodontitis, and the oral hygiene status of adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) in the Republic of Ireland. Materials and Methods: A case–control study in the form of a clinical examination of 92 adults with a diagnosis of CF was carried out in the adult CF unit in Cork University Hospital. A 40‐item questionnaire was used to capture socio‐demographic variables and medical and dental information. Two calibrated examiners carried out a periodontal assessment on participants, using the WHO‐recommended CPI‐modified index, and oral hygiene status was measured using the Greene–Vermillion index. The results were compared with a population‐based control group of similar socio‐demographic profile. Results: Oral hygiene levels (plaque and calculus) were significantly worse in people with CF, with a median plaque index of 0.83 (interquartile range [IQR] 0.333–1.542) in the CF group compared with 0.5 (IQR 0.167–0.667) in the non‐CF group. Calculus index in the CF group was 0.33 (IQR 0.17–0.83) compared with 0.33 (IQR 0.125–0.33) in the non‐CF group. However, periodontal disease levels were significantly lower in the CF group. Gingivitis (bleeding on probing ≥ 10% sites) was seen in 67.4% of the CF group, compared with 83.7% of the non‐CF group, OR 0.365 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.181–0.736), relative risk (RR) 0.779 (95% CI 0.655–0.928). Mild periodontitis (periodontal probing depth [PPD] < 5 mm) was seen in 15.2% of the CF group, compared with 31.5% of the non‐CF group, OR 0.390 (CI 0.190–0.800), RR 0.483 (95% CI 0.273–0.852). Severe periodontitis (PPD ≥ 6 mm) was seen in 0% of the CF group, compared with 9.8% of the non‐CF group. There was a tendency, albeit non‐significant, towards reduced periodontitis in PWCF who regularly took antibiotics, particularly azithromycin. Conclusions: In this study, adults with CF had poor oral hygiene practices, with high levels of plaque and calculus. Despite this finding, adults with CF had lower levels of clinical gingivitis and periodontitis than seen in a non‐CF control group. Further study is required to examine the causes of this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the associations between periodontitis and hypertension and potential mediation via systemic inflammation through a 5‐year longitudinal study. Materials and Methods: The severity and extent of periodontitis were determined using probing depth (PD). Oral hygiene was assessed using plaque scores. The associations between periodontal variables and 5‐year blood pressure changes or incident hypertension were analysed using linear or Poisson regression, adjusting for potential confounders. Mediation analysis of two systemic inflammatory biomarkers, namely white blood cell count (WBC) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels, was performed. Results: The study population included 901 hypertension‐free participants, aged 50–73 years. Greater mean PD, higher percentage of sites with PD ≥ 6 mm and poor oral hygiene were associated with elevated systolic blood pressure and increased hypertension risk (relative risks = 1.17 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.34], 1.13 [95% CI: 1.02–1.26] and 1.08 [95% CI: 1.03–1.13], respectively). Periodontitis and poor oral hygiene were associated with higher WBC and CRP levels (p <.05), which, in turn, were associated with increased hypertension risk (p <.05). WBC and CRP jointly mediated 14.1%–26.9% of the associations between periodontal variables and incident hypertension. Conclusions: Periodontitis and poor oral hygiene were associated with increased hypertension risk, and systemic inflammation was, in part, a mediator of these associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the association between dental clinical measures and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) together with the potential mediating role of sociodemographic factors and oral health behaviours on this association in a group of Iraqi children. Methods: The target population for this cross-sectional study consisted of 372 primary school children aged 8–10 years in the city of Kut, Iraq, during the year 2022. The participants were selected using a multi-stage random sampling technique. Detailed information about the children was collected through a comprehensive questionnaire that included demographic characteristics, oral health-related behaviors, the Arabic version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire for 8-10-year-olds (CPQ8-10), and parental knowledge regarding oral health. Additionally, clinical dental evaluations were conducted, which included assessments of decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (DMFS, dmfs) as well as teeth (DMFT, dmft). Simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S), bleeding on probing (BOP), and the community periodontal index (CPI) were also recorded for each participant using the recommended methodology by the World Health Organization (WHO). The statistical analysis included the Chi-square test, independent t-test, and simple and multiple linear regressions. Results: The mean age of the children was 9.0 (± 0.82) years. About one-third of children reported brushing at least two times per day and consuming a sweet snack once a day. Visiting a dentist during the past year was reported by 21% of children. Oral health behaviours demonstrated a significant association with the total CPQ8-10 scores (p < 0.001). Based on adjusted effects (β and 95% CI) from the multiple linear regressions, untreated dental caries (dt > 0, DT > 0) had a negative impact on the total CPQ8-10 score (adjusted β = 2.3 (95% CI: 0.67 to 3.91) and 3.4 (95% CI: 2.14 to 4.56), respectively). Decayed surfaces (DS), and teeth (DT) were associated with the total score of the CPQ8-10 and all its subscales (adjusted β range = 0.1 (95% C.I.: 0.03 to 0.19)–1.0 (95% CI: 0.72 to 1.26) and 0.2 (95% CI: 0.004 to 0.40)–1.2 (95% CI: 0.91 to 1.67), respectively). There was an association between oral hygiene index and total CPQ8-10 scores (adjusted β = 1.8 (95% CI: 0.62 to 3.02)), especially the functional limitations and emotional well-being subscales. Conclusion: Findings of this study emphasizes the negative impact of dental caries and poor oral hygiene on children's OHRQoL. This association is highlighted more when considering that over two-thirds of these children do not comply with favourable levels of oral health behaviour. Enhancing the level of OHRQoL among these children, therefore, necessitates comprehensive programs for decreasing the volume of unmet oral health needs and improving children's adherence to recommended oral health behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oral mucositis is an inflammatory condition of oral cavity which is a common and serious side effect of cancer treatment. Severe oral mucositis compromises basic functions like eating and swallowing causing malnutrition also affecting overall patient's oral health related quality of life. The aim of the study was to find the frequency of oral mucositis in patients with breast cancer during their chemotherapy, the factors associated with oral mucositis & the overall patient's oral health related quality of life. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted and a total of 160 women diagnosed with breast cancer, receiving chemotherapy and who had undergone at least one cycle of chemotherapy were recruited from two hospital settings. In-person interviews were done, patients were asked questions about their sociodemographic history, personal habits, oral history and oral findings, breast cancer stage, chemotherapy history and Oral Health Related Quality of Life. Their oral examination was done at the end of the interview to assess presence or absence of oral mucositis, using World Health Organization oral mucositis tool. Oral Health Related Quality of Life was assessed using Oral Health Impact Profile-14 questionnaire. Results: Our results showed that out of 160 patients 88 (55%) of the breast cancer cases developed oral mucositis during chemotherapy. The mean Oral Health Impact Profile -14 scores in patients with oral mucositis was high 18.36±0.96 showing poor Oral Health Related Quality of Life. Occasional frequency of brushing was significantly associated with oral mucositis (Prevalence ratio:2.26, 95%_CI 1.06–4.84) compared to those patients who brushed once and twice daily. Low level of education showed negative association with oral mucositis (Prevalence ratio:0.52, 95%_CI 0.31–0.88). Conclusion: Our study showed significant positive association of occasional brushing with OM and protective association of low level of education with the development of OM. Emphasis should be given to oral hygiene instructions and dental education to cancer patients in oncology clinics with the prescription of mouth washes, gels and toothpaste to patients to decrease OM during chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oral cavity harbors complex communities comprising bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. The oral microbiota is establish at birth and develops further during childhood, with early life factors such as birth mode, feeding practices, and oral hygiene, reported to influence this development and the susceptibility to caries. We here analyzed the oral bacterial composition in saliva of 260 Swedish children at two, three and five years of age using 16S rRNA gene profiling to examine its relation to environmental factors and caries development at five years of age. We were able to assign the salivary bacterial community in each child at each time point to one of seven distinct clusters. We observed an individual dynamic in the development of the oral microbiota related to early life factors, such as being first born, born by C-section, maternal perinatal antibiotics use, with a distinct transition between three and five years of age. Different bacterial signatures depending on age were related to increased caries risk, while Peptococcus consistently linked to reduced risk of caries development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Considering the pathogenesis of psoriasis and also the anti‐oxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti‐inflammatory properties of rosuvastatin and melatonin, the current clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of topical rosuvastatin and melatonin in patients with mild to moderate psoriasis. Methods: The current randomized placebo‐controlled clinical trial was conducted using a 3‐arm parallel group included 77 adult patients (≥18 years old) with mild to moderate plaque psoriasis. Patients were randomized into a 1:1:1 ratio to one of three groups to receive one of the three interventions: melatonin cream, 5.0% (w/w), rosuvastatin cream, 5.0% (w/w), or placebo cream with a similar transparent appearance twice a day for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was severity of the disease using Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI). The secondary outcomes included the Dermatological Sum Score (DSS) to assess the erythema, scaling, and plaque elevation and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Photographs of the lesions were also taken at the baseline and at different periodic intervals thereafter. Results: Among 77 randomized patients, 52 (mean (SD) age, 40.67 (10.85) years; 22 (42.30%) men) completed the study. A significant reduction of 45% (mean (SD) of 2.67 (0.98) to 1.74 (1.12)) and 70% (mean (SD) of 2.67 (0.98) to 1.31 (1.13)) in PASI score, and 46% (mean (SD) of 2.91(1.85) to 1.57 (1.11)) and 77% (mean (SD) of 2.91 (1.85) to 0.87 (0.67)) in DSS score on days 30 and 60 with rosuvastatin cream, 5% w/w (P < 0.001) compared with baseline was observed, respectively. Also a significant decrease of 35% (mean (SD) of 2.67 (0.98) to 1.74 (1.12)) and 51% (mean (SD) of 2.67 (0.98) to 1.31 (1.13)) in PASI score, and 40% (mean (SD) of 5.00 (1.58) to 3.00 (1.76))and 61% (mean (SD) of 5.00 (1.58) to 1.92 (1.71)) in DSS score on days 30 and 60 with melatonin cream, 5% w/w (P < 0.001) compared with baseline were observed, respectively. In each of the melatonin or rosuvastatin groups, DLQI improved significantly on days 30 (P < 0.0001) and 60 (P < 0.001) while the changes in the control group were not significant. Conclusion: The results of this clinical trial demonstrated that topical melatonin and rosuvastatin diminished the severity of mild to moderate plaque psoriasis with a satisfactory safety profile. Future clinical trials should assess both the long‐term efficacy and safety of melatonin and rosuvastatin creams in larger study populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Poor oral hygiene can cause infections and inflammatory diseases. Data on its impact on outcome after lung transplantation (LuTX) is scarce. Most transplant centers have individual standards regarding dental care as there is no clinical guideline. This study's objective was to assess LuTX‐listed patient's dental status and determine its effect on postoperative outcome. Methods: Two hundred patients having undergone LuTX from 2014 to 2019 were selected. Collected data comprised LuTX‐indication, periodontal status, and number of carious teeth/fillings. A preoperative panoramic dental X‐ray and a dentist's consultative clarification were mandatory. Results: 63.5% had carious dental status, differing significantly regarding TX‐indication (p < 0.001; ILD: 41.7% vs. CF: 3.1% of all patients with carious teeth). Mean age at the time of LuTX differed significantly within these groups. Neither preoperative carious dental status nor periodontitis or bone loss deteriorated post‐LuTX survival significantly. No evidence was found that either resulted in a greater number of deaths related to an infectious etiology. Conclusion: This study shows that carious dental status, periodontitis, and bone loss do not affect post‐TX survival. However, literature indicates that they can cause systemic/pulmonary infections that deteriorate post‐LuTX survival. Regarding the absence of standardized guidelines regarding dental care and LuTX, we strongly recommend emphasizing research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the timing, duration and incidence of bacteremia following invasive dental procedures (IDPs) or activities of daily living (ADL). Eight databases were searched for randomized (RCTs) and nonrandomized controlled trials (nRCTs) evaluating bacteremia before and after IDPs or ADL in healthy individuals. The risk of bias was assessed by RoB 2.0 and ROBINS‐I. For the meta‐analysis, the primary outcomes were the timing and duration of bacteremia. The secondary outcome was the incidence of bacteremia, measuring the proportion of patients with bacteremia within 5 min after the end of the procedure compared with baseline. We included 64 nRCTs and 25 RCTs. Peak bacteremia occurred within 5 min after the procedure and then decreased over time. Dental extractions showed the highest incidence of bacteremia (62%–66%), followed by scaling and root planing (SRP) (44%–36%) and oral health procedures (OHP) (e.g., dental prophylaxis and dental probing without SRP) (27%–28%). Other ADL (flossing and chewing) (16%) and toothbrushing (8%–26%) resulted in bacteremia as well. The majority of studies had some concerns RCTs or moderate risk of bias nRCTs. Dental extractions, SRP and OHP, are associated with the highest frequency of bacteremia. Toothbrushing, flossing, and chewing also caused bacteremia in lower frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Disaster victim identification (DVI) service requires knowledge, confidence, and an attitude (KCA) of readiness. The purpose of this study was to assess allied dental students' perceived KCA regarding DVI skills and topics. Methods A convenience sample of senior dental hygiene students (n=27) and senior dental assistant students (n=14) were recruited by email then presented mismatched simulated antemortem (AM) and postmortem (PM) bitewing radiographs and asked to indicate correct matches. Collectively, participants made 205 radiographic matches and indicated 205 degrees of certainty binarily as "positive" or "possible" (one per match). Participants also completed a researcher designed pretest/posttest electronic survey with seven 3-point Likert-scale items with answer options of "slightly", "moderately", or "extremely" regarding self-perceived knowledge. Statistical analyses were conducted with R software using an α=0.05 significance level. Results A total of n=41 students participated, yielding a response rate of 85.4%. A one-sided linear trend test revealed statistically significant increases of perceived confidence in knowledge from pretest to posttest regarding forensic odontologists' role in DVI (p<0.0001), DVI applications for mass fatality incidents (MFI) (p<0.0001), role of dental radiology in DVI (p<0.0001), and dental morphology applications for DVI (p<0.0001). Participants indicated moderate or extreme confidence in personal clinical skillsets to assist forensic odontologists with DVI. A one-sided Fisher's exact test revealed a statistically significant (p<0.05) positive association between expressed degree of certainty (confidence) and correct radiographic matches. A one-sided linear trend test revealed statistically significant (p<0.0001) improvements in attitude regarding participants' perceived importance for their respective professions to volunteer in DVI. Conclusion Participants of this study reported significant improvements of self-perceived KCA regarding DVI skills and topics. These characteristics may encourage allied dental professionals to pursue further DVI educational opportunities and future service when support is needed for MFI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methotrexate (MTX) is one of the first-line systemic treatment options in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis and can be combined with narrow band UVB phototherapy (Nb-UVB). However, such a combination is rarely used for optimal duration due to safety and efficacy concerns. The aim of this study was to assess efficacy and safety of methotrexate (MTX) combination with low doses of Nb-UVB versus MTX monotherapy in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in a real-world setting. Retrospective psoriasis patient medical chart review was performed for the period from 2013 till 2019. The combination therapy group (Group 1, n = 74) received MTX 10 mg s/c once a week for four to six weeks and 311 nm UVB phototherapy according to the skin type and protocol of administration — three times a week; undergoing 10–24 procedures in the treatment course. The monotherapy group (Group 2, n = 57) was treated, using MTX as monotherapy 2.5 mg two times a day orally for five days (4–6 treatment courses in total). The combination therapy group achieved decrease of mean PASI at the end of the 2nd week of treatment by 38% vs monotherapy group 21%. Combination of low dose subcutaneous MTX and Nb-UVB therapy provides better treatment outcomes and normalisation of immunochemical parameters than for MTX monotherapy. This combination also showed a favourable tolerability profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Malocclusion is multifactorial in origin, caused by the interaction of various general and local factors. The consequences of malocclusion include dental caries, periodontitis, impaction of teeth, and compromised chewing abilities. Thus, if left untreated, malocclusion can not only lead to oral health problems like periodontal problems and dental caries but also psychological problems, causing a loss of selfesteem and confidence in the individual. Aim: To assess the potential relationship between malocclusion with orthodontic treatment needs and dental caries, periodontal diseases, dental traumatic injuries, oral hygiene, and Oral Health-related Quality of Life (OHRQoL). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1800 school-going and college students at their respective Institutions in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India from December 2021 to June 2022 with and without orthodontic treatment needs, to identify malocclusion and various oral conditions/diseases associated with it, in addition to the effect of malocclusion on OHRQoL. Oral health status was assessed using the World Health Organisation (WHO) Basic Oral Health Survey (2013); malocclusion was assessed using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Needs (IOTN) index, and OHRQoL was measured using OHIP-14. Data were analysed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 software, and statistical significance was assessed using Pearson's Chisquare test and Mann-Whitney U Test. Results: The study was conducted among 1800 subjects aged between 14 and 21 years (mean 17.47±1.58 years) from various schools and colleges in Chennai. Among the study subjects, 1066 (59.2%) were males, and 734 (40.8%) were females. About 46.7% of the study subjects had malocclusion. The binomial logistic regression analysis suggested that study subjects with orthodontic treatment needs had greater odds of experiencing dental caries, gingival bleeding, and traumatic dental injuries compared to study subjects without orthodontic treatment needs. Conclusion: There is a definite relationship between malocclusion, orthodontic treatment needs, dental caries, periodontal diseases, dental traumatic injuries, oral hygiene, and OHRQoL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The objective of this single-use, five-treatment, five-period, cross-over randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to compare the efficacy in dental plaque removal of a new Y-shaped automatic electric toothbrush (Y-brush) compared to a U-shaped automatic electric toothbrush (U-brush), a manual toothbrushing procedure (for 45 and 120 s), and no brushing (negative control). Materials and methods: Eligible participants were volunteer students randomized to the treatments in the five periods of the study. The primary outcome measure was the reduction in full-mouth plaque score (FMPS) after brushing while the secondary outcome variable was a visual analogic scale (VAS) on subjective clean mouth sensation. Mixed models were performed for difference in FMPS and VAS. Results: After brushing procedures, manual toothbrushing (120 s) showed a statistically significant reduction in FMPS than Y-brush (difference 36.9; 95%CI 29.6 to 44.1, p < 0.0001), U-brush (difference 42.3; 95%CI 35.1 to 49.6, p < 0.0001), manual brushing (45 s) (difference 13.8; 95%CI 6.5 to 21.1, p < 0.0001), and No brushing (difference 46.6; 95%CI 39.3 to 53.9, p < 0.0001). Y-brush was significantly more effective than No brushing (difference 9.8; 95%CI 2.5 to 17.0, p = 0.0030), while there was no significant difference compared to U- brush. Similar results were obtained for the differences in the Clean Mouth VAS. Conclusions: Y-brush was significantly more effective than no brushing (negative control) in removing dental plaque. When compared to manual toothbrushing for both 45 and 120 s, however, Y-brush was less effective in dental plaque removal. Clinical relevance: Modified design of automatic toothbrushing devices could improve plaque reduction, especially in patients with intellectual disabilities or motor difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies have examined a potential relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. This article aims to update the evidence for a potential association by summarizing the evidence for causality between periodontitis and comorbidities linked to cardiovascular disease, including hypertension, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. We additionally discuss the evidence for periodontal therapy as a means to improved management of these comorbidities, with the larger goal of examining the value of periodontal therapy on reduction of cardiovascular disease risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals with communication and swallowing disorders often exhibit poor oral health and hygiene (OHH), that can lead to further complications. OHH assessment and management is a part of scope of practice of Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs). The study aims to determine the level of awareness, knowledge and practice patterns of OHH amongst the SLPs in India. A questionnaire with 20-item and three sections was developed to assess the awareness and knowledge regarding OHH among SLPs. A total of 162 participants responded to the survey. 93.2% participants were aware of the importance of OHH, however 42.6% participants did not feel confident enough to assess the same. A majority (82.7%) agreed that poor OHH can lead to different health complications. 38.8% of the participants responded that they assessed oral health only sometimes and 54.3% reported that they never used any standard screening/assessment tools to assess oral health. Only a very small percentage of participants (28.65%) counselled the patients for maintenance of oral hygiene and more than 40% never recommended appropriate OHH practices during management. Though a vast majority were aware of the importance of OHH and consequences of poor OHH, they did not feel confident and consequently did not incorporate OHH during clinical practice. Though the scope of SLP includes oral care assessment and management, Indian SLPs were not practicing this. Hence, the clinical and academic curriculum should focus on topics pertaining to oral health assessment and management, which will improve the quality-of-service delivery of the SLPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dental procedures can lead to bacteremia and have been considered a potential risk factor for pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis (PVO). However, data on the association between dental procedures and PVO are limited. Questions/purposes: (1) After controlling for relevant confounding variables, are dental procedures associated with an increased risk of PVO? (2) Does antibiotic prophylaxis before dental procedures effectively decrease the risk of PVO? Methods: A case-crossover study was conducted to investigate the association between dental procedures and PVO using a Japanese claims database. The advantage of this study design is that confounding factors that do not vary over time are automatically adjusted for, because cases act as their own controls. From April 2014 to September 2021, the database included 8414 patients who were hospitalized for PVO. Of these, 50% (4182 of 8414) were excluded because they had not undergone any dental procedures before the index date, a further 0.1% (10 of 8414) were excluded because they were younger than 18 years at the index date, and a further 7% (623 of 8414) were excluded because they did not have at least 20 weeks of continuous enrollment before the index date, leaving 43% (3599 of 8414) eligible for analysis here. The mean age was 77 ± 11 years, and 55% (1985 of 3599) were men. Sixty-five percent (2356 of 3599) of patients had a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, and 42% (1519 of 3599) of patients had a diagnosis of osteoporosis. We compared the frequency of dental procedures between a 4-week hazard period before the admission date for PVO and two control periods, 9 to 12 weeks and 17 to 20 weeks before the admission date for PVO, within individuals. We calculated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals using conditional logistic regression analysis. Results: Comparing the hazard and matched control periods within individuals demonstrated that dental procedures were not associated with an increased risk of PVO (OR 0.81 [95% CI 0.72 to 0.92]; p < 0.001). Additional analysis stratified by antibiotic prophylaxis use showed that antibiotic prophylaxis was not associated with a lower OR of developing PVO after dental procedures (with antibiotic prophylaxis: OR 1.11 [95% CI 0.93 to 1.32]; p < 0.26, without antibiotic prophylaxis: OR 0.72 [95% CI 0.63 to 0.83]; p < 0.001). Our sensitivity analyses, in which the exposure assessment interval was extended from 4 to 8 or 12 weeks and exposure was stratified by whether the dental procedure was invasive, demonstrated results that were consistent with our main analysis. Conclusion: Dental procedures were not associated with an increased risk of subsequent PVO in this case-crossover study. The effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis was not demonstrated in the additional analysis that categorized exposure according to the use of antibiotic prophylaxis. Our results suggest that the association between dental procedures and PVO may have been overestimated. Maintaining good oral hygiene may be important in preventing the development of PVO. The indications for antibiotic prophylaxis before dental procedures should be reconsidered in view of the potential risk of adverse drug reactions to antibiotic prophylaxis and the emergence of drug-resistant pathogens. Larger randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings and assess the role of antibiotic prophylaxis. Level of Evidence: Level III, therapeutic study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary : Periodontal disease and increased missing teeth were associated with incident vertebral fractures. In contrast, professional dental cleaning and frequent tooth brushing, was associated with a lower risk of vertebral fracture. Better oral hygiene care attenuated the risk associated with dental diseases. Purpose: To investigate the association between oral health and the risk of vertebral fractures. Methods: We included 2,532,253 individuals aged ≥40 years who underwent the Korean National Health Insurance Service health examinations in 2008 and followed up until December 31, 2017. We performed multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analyses to evaluate the association between dental diseases and oral hygiene care and the risk of vertebral fractures. Results: Over the 9.3-year median follow-up, 1.46% (n = 36,857) experienced vertebral fractures. Individuals with dental diseases had a higher risk of vertebral fracture than those without (hazard ratio [HR] 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.07 for periodontal diseases; 1.02, 1.00–1.05 for dental caries; 1.12, 1.05–1.20 for ≥15 missing teeth). Good oral hygiene care was associated with a lower vertebral fracture risk (HR 0.89, 95% CI: 0.86–0.91 for ≥1 time/year [vs. <1 time/year] of professional dental cleaning; 0.90, 0.87–0.93 for ≥2 times/day [vs. 0–1 time/day] of toothbrushing). The combined dental diseases was significantly associated with an increased vertebral fracture risk, whereas combined oral hygiene care was associated with further risk reduction. Better oral hygiene care reduced vertebral fracture risk associated with dental diseases (all P <0.001). Conclusion: Periodontal disease, dental caries, and an increased number of missing teeth were independently associated with higher risks for vertebral fractures. Conversely, improved oral hygiene care, such as personal dental cleaning and frequent tooth brushing, may modify vertebral fracture risks associated with dental disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of remineralizing agents on demineralized enamel intended for use as fluoride substitutes or supplements for oral hygiene applications. Methodology: Enamel samples were obtained from 30 bovine teeth. The enamel blocks were stored in 20 mL of demineralization solution for 72 h. They were then brushed with the following toothpaste for the remineralization protocol: NaF, NaF/SnF2 combination, NovaMin, or nano‐hydroxyapatite. SEM/EDX examinations and microhardness measurements of the samples were performed to investigate the remineralization efficacy of the studied toothpaste. One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Tukey's HSD test was used to analyze the change in microhardness values in different remineralization protocols (p < 0.05). Results: Differences in the mean remineralization (%RP) and hardness recovery (%HR) were determined between the groups (p < 0.05). Groups 1 and 4 showed significant differences in %RP (p < 0.05). In the SEM/EDX examinations, the samples treated with n‐HAp showed an accumulation of crystal deposits on the enamel surface, although at a lower density than those treated with NaF and NaF/SnF2 combination. Conclusion: The remineralization strategy in toothpaste plays an important role in enamel remineralization. NovaMin‐containing toothpaste showed positive effects on the enamel surface with better Ca/P ratio. Toothpastes containing n‐HAp triggered less change in the increase of microhardness values compared to other toothpastes. The use of SnF2 in toothpaste in combination with NaF significantly increased the binding of fluoride to demineralized enamel compared to toothpaste containing NaF alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This systematic review aimed to comprehensively summarize and critically assess studies conducted on oral health outcomes among individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study followed the Participants, Exposure, Control and Outcomes (PECO) framework to formulate a focused research question. We conducted an extensive literature search across multiple databases, including PubMed, Medline, Scopus and Embase, in addition to clinical trial registers. Inclusion criteria encompassed clinical studies conducted in either English or Arabic, focusing on CP as defined by the International Classification of Diseases 10 (ICD10), and examining various oral health conditions and parameters. Nonclinical studies, commentaries, other systematic reviews and letters to the editor were excluded. Data extraction included comprehensive information about the study characteristics, oral health outcomes (dental, oral or periodontal disease; changes in standardized indices; dental trauma and other types of oral diseases) and an assessment of the risk of bias using the Appraisal Tool for Cross‐Sectional Studies (AXIS). Results: The initial search yielded a total of 879 articles, ultimately resulting seven studies that met our stringent inclusion criteria. All of these studies were conducted as cross‐sectional investigations in different cities within Saudi Arabia. The sample sizes ranged from 46 to 400 participants, all falling within the age range of 2–18 years. Notably, the prevalence of dental caries among individuals with CP in these studies varied significantly, with rates ranging from 52.9% to as high as 98.6%. Additionally, a substantial portion of CP patients exhibited poor oral hygiene, with figures ranging between 34.6% and 66.2%, and dental trauma was reported in 47.5% of the cases. Moreover, these studies underscored the influence of motor function and intellectual disabilities on the oral health status of CP individuals. Furthermore, various secondary outcomes, including periodontal parameters and oral health‐related quality of life, were also assessed. However, it is essential to acknowledge that several sources of bias were identified within these studies, raising questions about the generalisability of their findings. Conclusion: In conclusion, the systematic review revealed a concerning pattern of high dental caries prevalence and other oral health issues among individuals with CP in Saudi Arabia. Nevertheless, the need for comparative studies between CP patients and those without CP is evident to establish a definitive understanding of the oral health status of CP individuals. Initiating early interventions such as oral hygiene education, preventive dentistry programs, and orthodontic interventions could potentially contribute to improved oral health outcomes for individuals with CP in Saudi Arabia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study examined how Mexican and Central American immigrants' social support was associated with three selected dental outcomes among recent immigrants, prior to the 2020 COVID‐19 pandemic. Methods: Using baseline wave data from the 2017–2022 VidaSana study about the health and social networks of Mexican and Central American immigrants living in Indiana, this study utilized logistic and ordinal logistic regression to predict lifetime fluoride use, lifetime dental restoration and flossing frequency, across levels of social support and differences between Mexican and Central American immigrants. Results: Data from 547 respondents were included in the present analysis (68% women; mean age 34.4 years [SD 11.2]; Central American 42%; Mexican 58%). Results show a high level of social support was associated with increased probability of fluoride use, dental restoration and higher flossing frequency for Mexican immigrants. However, social support for Central American immigrants was associated with a decreased likelihood of fluoride use, more infrequent flossing, and had no significant association with dental restorations experience. What would be a negative association between Central American immigrants and dental restoration was accounted for by education level and never having been to a dentist. Conclusions: While higher social support was linked to beneficial outcomes for oral health in Mexican immigrants, the opposite was found in Central Americans. These findings highlighted the complexities of social relationships among new immigrants, and potential heterogeneity within the Hispanic population, particularly regarding social and behavioural measures as they pertain to oral health. Further research is needed to identify the underlying mechanisms producing both differences in social support and oral health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oral function deterioration attributed to ageing and medications is one of the main contributory factors of dysphagia. Therefore, oral health management is essential in older patients with schizophrenia. However, no previous studies have evaluated the oral function in patients with schizophrenia. Objective: We surveyed patients with schizophrenia to identify factors associated with ageing‐related variations in oral function. Methods: This cross‐sectional study included 34 male patients diagnosed with schizophrenia who were hospitalised at a psychiatric hospital between July and September 2021 and underwent a screening examination during dental care. The survey items included basic information, oral hygiene information, oral (oral diadochokinesis [ODK] and tongue pressure), physical function, and nutritional status. Thirty‐six male community‐dwelling older individuals were included as controls, and their outcomes were compared with those of patients with schizophrenia. Results: Compared with healthy older adults, patients with schizophrenia demonstrated significantly lower teeth numbers, ODK, and calf circumference (CC) (p <.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that ODK was associated with age and schizophrenia (p <.05). Conversely, tongue pressure was associated with CC (p <.05), suggesting different factors' association with the parameters indicating decreased oral function. Conclusions: Our study findings suggest that older patients with schizophrenia have decreased tongue pressure and generalised muscle mass, highlighting the need to manage oral function. Interventions for tongue pressure were more strongly associated with muscle mass and could be easier to manage than those with disease‐dependent changes in ODK. Trial Registration: Retrospectively registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Modern penitentiary systems attach great importance, at least in the area of formal and codified arrangements, to providing inmates with access to health care and rehabilitation. The aim of our study was to analyze the Web of Science (WoS) and SCOPUS medical databases in order to search for and evaluate the available literature discussing the oral status and dental treatment needs of adult male prisoners. Methods: The following terms were used: prisoners or inmates; oral health, oral status; periodontal status, periodontal disease; oral hygiene; caries; mucosa; and saliva. The studies were screened based on their title and abstract according to the PICO (population, intervention, control, and outcome) criteria. The research protocol was prepared on the basis of the 2020 PRISMA guidelines and was not registered. The available literature discussing the oral status and dental treatment needs of adult imprisoned patients was analyzed. The inclusion criteria were as follows: articles published in English between 1 January 2012 and 2022; articles discussing the oral cavity status of adult inmates over 18 years old (hard tissues, periodontal status, saliva, mucosa condition, or oral hygiene); articles with a full text available; and articles that were assessed as satisfactory according to the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Results: A total of 934 articles were identified, out of which 9 were included in the systematic review. Two articles discussed the oral condition of prisoners in Europe (Russia and Finland), four examined prisoners in Asia (three in India and one in Saudi Arabia), two examined prisoners in Africa (Nigeria), and one examined prisoners in the Americas (Brazil). Conclusions: The oral status of prisoners has been widely discussed in the available literature. Among inmates, a higher frequency of both caries and periodontal disease along with poorer oral hygiene were observed. It can be concluded that inmates should have access to specialized treatment from periodontists and endodontists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of oral health status and habits with the occurrence of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in a nationwide population-based cohort in a longitudinal setting. Methods: A total of 2,415,963 individuals aged 40–79 years who underwent oral health examinations were included from the National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening (NHIS-HEALS) cohort of Korea between 2003 and 2004. The occurrence of AS was analyzed according to the oral health status and oral hygiene habits. Results: Among 2,271,221 of the participants, AS occurred in 6366 (0.3%) participants over 16.7 years. The likelihood of AS was higher in participants who had periodontitis (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20–1.46, p < 0.0001) and more missing teeth (HR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.42–1.99, p < 0.0001). However, better oral hygiene habits such as frequent tooth brushing (HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.71–0.83, p < 0.0001) and a history of dental scaling within the last year (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.82–0.95, p = 0.001) were associated with a lower occurrence of AS. Conclusions: Periodontitis and an increased number of missing teeth could be related to the occurrence of late-onset AS. Improved oral hygiene care may attenuate the likelihood of late-onset AS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This study delves into bisphosphonate therapy's effects on oral health in 80 breast and prostate cancer patients with bone metastases. Bisphosphonates, crucial for managing skeletal complications, are linked to bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ), presenting in 0.8–18.5% of patients with symptoms like pain, tissue swelling, and tooth mobility. Through dental and radiological assessments—including DMFT and OHI-S indices, periodontal measurements, and panoramic X-rays—the research uncovers a notable decline in oral hygiene post-therapy, evidenced by worsened DMFT, OHI-S, PD, and CAL scores. Additionally, radiological changes hint at bisphosphonates' impact on bone density and structure. Despite no significant changes in TMJ function, the findings underscore the need for ongoing dental care and risk mitigation strategies for BRONJ, emphasizing the vital role of regular dental monitoring and proactive oral hygiene practices in the comprehensive care of cancer patients undergoing bisphosphonate therapy. This study investigates the impact of bisphosphonate therapy on the stomatognathic system in 80 patients with cancer of the breast and prostate with bone metastases. Bisphosphonates are integral for managing skeletal complications in these malignancies but are associated with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ), affecting 0.8–18.5% of patients. BRONJ manifests with pain, neuropathy, tissue swelling, mucosal ulceration, tooth mobility, and abscesses, yet its pathogenesis remains elusive, complicating risk prediction. The research employed comprehensive dental and radiological evaluations. Dental status was assessed using DMFT and OHI-S indices, Eichner's classification, and clinical periodontal measurements like the pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and modified Sulcus Bleeding Index (mSBI). A radiological analysis included panoramic X-rays for radiomorphometric measurements and TMJ lateral radiographs. Results indicated a significant decline in oral hygiene in patients with cancer after bisphosphonate therapy, marked by increased DMFT and OHI-S scores. Periodontal health also showed deterioration, with increased PD and CAL readings. The incidence of BRONJ symptoms was noted, although exact figures are not quantified in this abstract. The study also revealed changes in radiomorphometric parameters, suggesting bisphosphonates' impact on bone density and structure. No substantial alterations were observed in TMJ function, indicating a need for extended observation to understand bisphosphonates' long-term effects on the stomatognathic system. These findings highlight the importance of continuous dental monitoring and prophylaxis in patients undergoing bisphosphonate therapy. Implementing meticulous oral care protocols is essential for mitigating BRONJ risk and managing the complex oral health challenges in patients with cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dental caries are a common non-communicable disease among children. As a public health measure at the prefectural level, school-based fluoride mouth-rinse (S-FMR) program, medical/dental expense subsidy policies, and other factors may reduce the incidence of dental caries and tooth loss. Prefectures focusing on promoting oral health policies may promote both, but the interaction effect of implementing both subsidy policies and S-FMR at the prefectural level on caries prevention has not yet been examined. Methods: We conducted an ecological study using two-wave panel data, prefecture-level aggregated data in Japan for 2016 and 2018. Coefficient and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for the dependent variables for oral health using mixed-effects linear regression analysis adjusted for possible confounders. Two dependent variables were used; the standardized claim ratio (SCR) of deciduous tooth extraction and 12-year-olds' decayed, missing, or filled permanent teeth (DMFT). Four independent variables were S-FMR, the SCR of dental sealants, prefectural income per person, and subsidy policy in three models: co-payment until children enter elementary school (n = 23), no co-payment until children enter elementary school (n = 7), and co-payment continuing beyond elementary school (n = 17). The effects of six interaction terms, each representing a unique pairing from the four independent variables, were individually calculated. Results: S-FMR was negatively associated with the SCR of deciduous tooth extractions and DMFT (coefficient = -0.11, 95% CI -0.20; -0.01 and coefficient = -0.003, 95% CI -0.005; -0.001, respectively). No co-payment until children enter elementary school was positively associated with the SCR of deciduous tooth extraction compared to co-payment until children enter elementary school(coefficient = 11.42, 95% CI 3.29; 19.55). SCR of dental sealants was positively associated with the SCR of deciduous tooth extractions (coefficient = 0.12, 95% CI 0.06; 0.19) but negatively associated with DMFT (coefficient = -0.001, 95% CI -0.003; -0.0001). Per capita prefectural income was positively associated with the SCR of deciduous tooth extractions(coefficient = 0.01, 95% CI 0.001; 0.02). No interaction was found between S-FMR and the subsidy policy at both outcomes. Conclusion: High S-FMR utilization and no co-payment until children enter elementary school were associated with fewer deciduous tooth extractions. Also, S-FMR and dental sealant were associated with decreased DMFT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Materials and Methods Results Conclusions Clinical Significance Evaluate the color and translucency of a nanoceramic resin subjected to hygiene practices and immersion in coffee over time.Specimens (n = 80, HT and LT, 0.5‐mm thick) of a nanoceramic resin were obtained and were divided in groups according to the simulated oral hygiene: no intervention (NT), brushing with an electric brush and water (BN), brushing with an electric brush and toothpaste for 10 s (BT), and immersion in mouthwash for 30 s (MW). Oral hygiene practices were repeated after staining in coffee solution for 15, 48, 336, 1440, 8640, and 35,040 min. Spectral wavelengths were recorded with a spectrophotometer at each time. ∆E00, ∆L′, ∆C′, ∆H′, and TP00 were calculated by CIEDE2000 and were evaluated by 2‐way ANOVA, repeated measures ANOVA, and Tukey's HSD test (α = 0.05).ANOVA showed significance among factors for ΔE00 (p < 0.05), with higher ΔE00 for NT‐HT (11.7) and NT‐LT (11.2). After T6 (2‐year simulation), the lowest values were found for BT‐HT (5.3) and BT‐LT (4.9). All groups showed a reduction in lightness and translucency and increased chroma and hue. However, the smallest variations were found in the BT groups (p < 0.05).Brushing with toothpaste effectively minimized the color change of NCRs caused by coffee staining.Oral hygiene practices, such as brushing with toothpaste, might be important to minimize staining of nanoceramic resin restorations, especially in patients who frequently consume coffee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of non-carious cervical lesions in Abha city, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study includes clinical examination of dental patients attending OPD at College of Dentistry, King Khalid University. A convenient sample size of 486 patients (Male=281; Female=205) participants aged between 20 and 60 years was included. Voluntary informed consent was obtained from the parents before the examination of the child. Dental examinations were carried out using a standard mouth mirror and dental probe. The following parameters were recorded: the diagnoses of abrasion, erosion, and abfraction and data was collected. The results were recorded and analyzed for statistical significance using the Chi-square test and t-test with a P-value of <0.05 considered significant. Results: There were more male patients (58%), and the sex ratio was 1.37. Graduates were the most represented professional category (39%), and 311 (64%) patients resided in urban area. A total of 91 of the 486 patients who were examined in this study. All up, there were 91 patients, with 1432 teeth that were affected. The following NCCL were recorded, Abrasion lesions were encountered the most, and they concerned 610 teeth (42.5%), followed by Abfraction, which was found on 442 teeth or 30.8%. and erosion, which was diagnosed on 380 teeth or 26.5%. Conclusions: In our study, the prevalence of NCCLs was 18.72% reported. The first molars are the most commonly affected teeth by NCCLs in the Saudi population, followed by premolars, canines, and incisors. This distribution may vary among different populations and can be influenced by dietary habits, oral hygiene practices, and other environmental factors. NCCLs are pathologies of the neck of the tooth that is of great concern both in terms their clinical and etiological diagnosis as well as their therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the impact of a combined science outreach, oral health education and tooth brushing initiative introduced into a New Zealand Māori immersion primary school. Participants completed questionnaires on dental anxiety, oral health practices and dental knowledge before and after the intervention. Pre- and post-intervention responses were compared to determine if knowledge and outcomes had improved. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six students 18 -months later to determine long term retention of information and subsequent oral health practices. Improvements in good oral hygiene habits and diet were observed in several areas. Interview participants comments showed that although students may be aware of recommended oral health practices, they will not necessarily implement them. A decline in the number of sugary drinks consumed daily was observed, alongside an increase in participants' understanding of the effect of fluoride on teeth. Not all dental terminology and scientific knowledge was retained long term because of this initiative; however, improvements were observed when reinforcement of messages was delivered regularly throughout the duration of the study. Scientific outreach and dental initiatives need to be ongoing to ensure long term retention of information provided, and to encourage regular oral health practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Periodontitis is a chronic infectious, inflammatory disease associated with significant local disastrous effects due to alveolar bone destruction and systemic morbidities. Some associations between periodontitis and coronary and cerebrovascular diseases have been highlighted in the literature. The present study investigated a group of patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and periodontitis and aimed to as-sess the comprehensive effects of nonsurgical periodontitis treatment. (2) Methods: The present study included 11 patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and perio-dontitis, that were diagnosed after a complete and a complex periodontal evaluation. These patients received periodontal treatment and periodontal reevaluation after 2 months from initial therapy. (3) Results: A significant improvement of the oral hygiene and gingival bleeding scores was recorded at two months follow-up. For moderate pockets of 5 mm, there was a significant reduction of their median values at two months follow-up moment (p=0.021). (4) Conclusion: The nonsurgical periodontal treatment significantly improves the clinical-related parameters of the periodontal tissues, as revealed by gingival bleeding and pocket closure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Thyroid disease can disrupt the body's balance and affect its ability to heal tissues. Research has indicated that those with thyroid problems have an increased susceptibility to dental caries. This may be from the illness process itself, surgical intervention (thyroidectomy), or drug side effects that exacerbate dental and oral health conditions. The case-control study was conducted 87 precipitate. Precipitate was divided into three groups as the following: hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and healthy control group. Each group comprised 29 subjects, all participants aged between 30 and 60. Saliva was cultured on orgasm agar for lactobacilli, sabouraud’s dextrose agar for Candida albicans. Additionally, thyroid function test was measurement by cobas. Concerning (salivary flow rate), results show that a lower mean value was recorded in the "Hyperthyroid" patient group, whereas in the "Hypothyroid" group, patients accounted for the second-ordered mean value, and the healthy group accounted for a high-level mean value within the normal range, as significant differences at P<0.05 were accounted for among the studied groups. Concerning microbial types, comparing hyperthyroid and control groups, results show that substantial differences are accounted for in at least P<0.05 (C. Albicans and Lactobacillus). Also, comparing hypothyroid and control groups shows significant differences, at least at P<0.05. This study concluded that salivary flow rate (SFR) is too sensitive due to hyperthyroid patients, and C. Albicanis and Lactobacillus) have a higher count in Saliva of both hyperthyroid and hypothyroid patients compared with the control group, [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are molecules that are produced by a variety of metabolic processes that can lead to oxidative stress and subsequent direct or indirect tissue damage, are linked to the pathogenesis of the majority of inflammatory processes and result in periodontal disorders. Lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) caused by ROS can lead to tissue injury. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) in periodontal health and periodontal disease in nonsmokers and smokers, and to establish its usefulness as diagnostic indicators for periodontal disease.125 male patients were categorized as control: 25 healthy nonsmokers,25 nonsmokers with gingivitis,25 smokers with gingivitis, 25 nonsmokers with periodontitis and 25 smokers with periodontitis. For at least 10 minutes, 2ml of unstimulated saliva was collected. Periodontal clinical parameters (PI, BOP, PPD and CAL) were recorded to assess each subject's periodontal health. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measured salivary MDA levels. All groups had higher levels of salivary MDA (P < 0.05) when compared to the healthy controls, except for the nonsmoker periodontitis group was not statistically different from the control group; however, smoker groups had higher MDA levels than nonsmoker groups. With the limitations of this case-control study, it may be suggested that the oxidative stress biomarker MDA was higher in periodontal diseases associated with risk factors such as smoking and this biomarker has the potential to be employed as a diagnostic biomarker for periodontal diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodontal disease increases local and systemic inflammatory responses in pregnant women, which may lead to premature delivery. The aim of this study to detect maternal serum levels of Prostaglandin E2 and Cyclooxigenase-2, and evaluate the association between these biomarkers with preterm delivery in pregnant women suffering from gingivitis. A total of 85 pregnant women having gingivitis were divided into three groups; twenty-five pretermdelivery pregnant and thirty full-term delivery pregnant women, in addition to thirty healthy pregnant women with healthy gingiva as a control group. The mean age of patients was (25.07±1.097), (26.12±1.400) years, and (27.73±1.250) years for control group. The blood sample was collected with all participants and the biomarkers cytokines Prostaglandin E2 and cyclooxygenase-2 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The current study showed an increase higher in levels of Prostaglandin E2 and cyclooxygenase-2 in pre-term delivery having gingivitis group followed by full term-delivery pregnant groups having gingivitis compared with a control group, with statistically highly significant differences (p<0.05). This finding indicated that the pre-term delivery women higher than full-term-delivery pregnant revealed worsened periodontal health conditions and elevated levels of serum Prostaglandin E2 and cyclooxygenase-2 levels compared with control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

β-Thalassemia Major, a severe genetic blood disorder, necessitates lifelong blood transfusions and can lead to various complications, including oxidative stress and dental caries. This study aims to evaluate the salivary levels of cytokines Interleukin10 (IL-10) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) in pediatric βthalassemia Major patients and their association with dental caries. With 80 participants aged 8-12, split equally between patients and healthy controls, it found significantly higher cytokine levels in patients, indicating an altered immune response. Despite higher dental caries severity in patients, no significant correlation with cytokine levels was noted. The findings underscore the necessity for specialized dental care for β-thalassemia Major patients due to their increased risk of dental caries, highlighting the potential impact of their condition on oral health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental data can reveal evidence for a past population's oral health, nutrition, and certain cultural activities. This study aims to explore oral health and dental attrition during the late Bronze Age in order to explore health outcomes in different subgroups as well as aspects of foodways and changes in subsistence strategies during the second millennium BCE in northwest China. To do this, the skeletal remains of adult individuals associated with the Siwa material culture (1400–1100 BC) from the Mogou site (n = 28) were macroscopically assessed and compared with previously published data derived from a subsample of individuals associated with Qijia period material culture complex (1750–1400 BC) from the same site. The results show that the Siwa‐period population experienced a high frequency of carious lesions and antemortem tooth loss associated with advanced attrition (of both molars and nonmolar teeth), which did not vary significantly by sex. Females had a higher prevalence of carious lesions and antemortem tooth loss than did males, while males had a higher prevalence of dental calculus. These male/female health outcomes are also attested during the earlier Qijia period at the Mogou site. The Siwa period differs from the Qijia in that females experienced slightly worse attrition than their predecessors. Overall, oral health does not diverge significantly between the Qijia and Siwa periods, suggesting that the factors that contributed to oral health including dietary practices may have persisted diachronically for individuals buried at this site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the effect of path-based oral care combined with compound chlorhexidine gargle on oral hygiene, comfort and intubation-related complications in patients in intensive care unit (ICU) undergoing tracheal intubation. Methods: One hundred and fifty intensive care unit patients receiving tracheal intubation at Shanghai East Hospital ICU, Shanghai, China were split into study group (routine chlorhexidine gargle 0.2 % with additional path-based oral care) and control group (routine chlorhexidine gargle 0.2 %). This approach was evaluated for its impact on intubation-related complications. Oral health and care effects were assessed before and after a 14-day nursing period. Comparisons were made between the groups for oral cleanliness, mucosa state and odontopathy, Beck and VAS scores, oral odor, inflammation proportions, and post-nursing complications. Results: Before nursing, there was no significant difference in oral health status and oral care between the two groups (p > 0.05). However, after nursing, scores of oral health status and indices increased and decreased in both groups, respectively. The scores for oral health status in the study group were significantly higher than those in control group, while the scores of the oral study indices were significantly lower than those in control group (p < 0.05). After nursing, however, the proportions of patients with oral odor and oral inflammation and the incidence of intubation-related complications in the study group were lower than those in the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Path-based oral care combined with compound chlorhexidine gargle improves oral care effect and comfort, and reduces the incidence of intubation-related complications in ICU patients undergoing tracheal intubation. This study will need to be conducted in a larger population in the future to validate these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Dental caries is one of the most common chronic diseases which affects oral health. Tooth brushing is considered the most effective method of preventing dental caries. Providing this motivation and ensuring this habit can be difficult, especially in children. Novel methods for improving tooth brushing habits are desired. This study aimed to investigate a mobile application’s effectiveness in improving oral health in children. Materials and Methods: Two hundred children between 5-12 years old who applied to the Department of Pedodontics, Ege University Faculty of Dentistry, for routine dental examination were included in this study. Children who had any systemic, physical, and/or mental disorders or those who had emergency dental complaints were not included in this study. A structured questionnaire including the child's oral hygiene habits was completed by the parents. In the clinical examination, the caries indices (DMFT/dmft and DMFS/dmfs), dental plaque, and gingival index scores of the children were recorded. Following this clinical examination, the “Brush DJ” mobile application was introduced to the children and their parents. After the first examination, the children were referred for their dental treatment and all were recalled after three months. At the recall examination, a second questionnaire was completed by the parents. The dental caries index (DMFT/dmft and DMFS/dmfs) scores, dental plaque, and gingival index scores were recorded again. A parental satisfaction questionnaire was administered to the parents. Statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS 25.0 software program. The compliance of the parameters to the normal distribution was evaluated via the Shapiro-Wilk test. The Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons between the groups. For intra-group comparisons, the Wilcoxon test, chi-square test, Fisher’s Exact test, and t-test were used. The results were evaluated at a 95% confidence interval and a statistical significance level of p<0.05. Results: It was determined that 56.5% (n=113) of the children participating in this study were girls and 43.5% (n=87) were boys. One hundred and seventy-one of the 200 children were reported to be using the mobile application. It was observed that the tooth brushing frequency increased in 97 children due to their use of the mobile application. It was also observed that the tooth brushing duration increased in 143 of 171 children as a result of their use of the application. Initial plaque and gingival index scores (1.59±0.40; 1.18±0.40, respectively) were statistically higher than the recall examination scores (1.29±0.46; 1.09±0.49 respectively) (p<0.05). Based on the parental satisfaction survey data, it was observed that the use of the mobile app was effective in improving tooth brushing habits, and brushing became more regular and enjoyable in all children. Conclusion: It was concluded that using the “Brush DJ” mobile tooth brushing app is effective in improving oral hygiene habits and making it a regular behavior in children. Long-term follow-up studies with a larger number of subjects comparing different oral hygiene education methods should be planned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of unknown etiology that affects the central nervous system and can lead to neurological impairment. Our aim was to determine whether MS patients also show inflammatory changes in the oral cavity more frequently than healthy individuals. For this purpose, we examined plaque samples for various mediators and their correlation with clinical findings. A study group (MS) and a control group were examined and compared. The plaque samples were analyzed for the expression of interleukins (IL-2, -6, -10), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-7, MMP-9), and a surface antigen CD90 by quantitative real-time PCR. The clinical parameters examined were the Mombelli plaque index; bleeding on probing (BOP) index; periodontal pocket depth; and decayed, missing, and filled tooth (DMFT) index. The expression of MMP9 was significantly (p = 0.035) higher in the control group. The expression of IL-2 was increased four-fold in the MS group; however, this difference was not statistically significant. The mean PD (p < 0.001) and BOP index (p = 0.029) values were increased in the study group. The clinical parameters of the BOP index and PD were significantly amplified in the MS patients. However, no causal relationship between the investigated inflammatory mediators and the clinical findings could be established in this case series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin disease, affects 2–10% of the population globally. Bimekizumab (BMK), a monoclonal antibody targeting IL-17, is a dual inhibitor of IL17 A and F that has shown efficacy in treating moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. This real-world evidence (RWE) study aims to assess BMK's efficiency and safety in naïve and refractory patients. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis of a multicenter observational study included 22 patients treated with BMK from April 2023 to February 2023 in five Andalusian hospitals. Ethical approval was obtained, and patients provided informed consent. Assessment criteria encompassed Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), body surface area (BSA), VAS pruritus, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), and minimum disease activity (MDA) at 0, 4, 12, and 24 weeks. Results: Patients, predominantly with plaque psoriasis, exhibited significant improvements in PASI (baseline 15.7 to 0.4 at week 16), BSA (baseline 20.7 to 0.43 at week 16), DLQI (baseline 17.93 to 0.43 at week 16), and pruritus (baseline 7.12 to 0.4 at week 16). At week 16, 95.4% achieved MDA. No safety concerns or treatment discontinuations were reported. Discussion: This RWE study aligns with pivotal clinical trials, confirming BMK's efficacy and safety. Notably, BMK demonstrated rapid and sustained psoriasis clearance, even in challenging areas. The study's limitations include a small sample size, suggesting the need for further exploration of patient-reported outcomes. Conclusion: Bimekizumab exhibited optimal efficacy and safety profiles in treating moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in a real-world setting. Rapid response, sustained clearance, and favorable safety outcomes contribute to improved patient experiences. Future research could delve into patient-reported outcomes and expand sample sizes to enhance the understanding of BMK's real-world effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Most people with stroke exhibit a variety of impairments that need to be addressed by a multidisciplinary team. Communication and swallowing disorders are common and should be screened very early. To guarantee a patient‐centred approach, all patients, even those with speech and language disorders, must be actively engaged in the healthcare process. Effective communication is essential to success in many of the needed interventions. However, healthcare professionals often do not receive formal training in communicating with these patients, thus increasing the risk of preventable adverse events. Aims: To describe the design, implementation and evaluation of a post‐acute stroke multidisciplinary team training using patient actors in a simulation approach. Methods & Procedures: A 2‐day course focused on the transdisciplinary knowledge related to communication and swallowing that all members of the multidisciplinary stroke team should acquire was implemented. A case‐based learning methodology used simulation and resorting to patients' actors. Learning outcomes were evaluated by comparing the results obtained in two knowledge tests, one for each topic, which participants performed before and after each day course. Reaction to the training was gathered concerning the content, teacher quality and course organization. The follow‐up was performed 6 months later to assess training skills transfer to the workplace environment. Outcomes & Results: All the participants considered that the programme objectives were relevant or truly relevant and revealed that the programme's dynamic, rhythm and scenarios set were excellent. After the end of the programme, both communication and swallowing knowledge increased. Most participants had the opportunity to employ the acquired training skills in their work environment. The main barriers identified to implementing these skills were the 'need for additional training', the 'lack of time' or 'the lack of opportunities'. Conclusions & Implications: Simulation is a central method to increase and improve health professionals' skills when intervening with stroke patients. Using simulation with patient actors allows flexibility and diversification of clinical situations under analysis, which can provide a multiplier effect of reflection and learning. The implemented training achieved its objectives. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: What is already known on this subject: Simulation in the training of health professionals is increasingly used as a good practice, allowing the recreation of scenarios identical to those in the context of professional practice. This strategy is used not only in initial training but also for the development of advanced skills. What this study adds to the existing knowledge: This study reports the use of simulation using actor patients for the development of transdisciplinary skills in the topics of communication and swallowing in people with stroke What are the clinical and practical implications of this work?: The study demonstrates that in a short period of training, the use of simulation with actor patients favours the development of transdisciplinary skills in the topics of communication and swallowing in people with stroke. At the same time, the skills developed are transferable to professional practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]