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Objective: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia are the most common medical complications of pregnancy. Both GDM and preeclampsia are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and atherosclerosis. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) is a good ultrasonographic marker of early atherosclerotic changes used to measure endothelial function. In this study; we evaluated FMD, an indicator of endothelial function, and investigated whether there was an increased risk of CVD in patients with a history of preeclampsia or GDM. Methods: The study was carried out with 104 patients who gave birth in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic of Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University Training and Research Hospital between January 2016 and January 2017. Thirty four patients with a history of preeclampsia, 37 patients with a history of GDM, and 33 patients with uncomplicated deliveries were included in the study. All patients in the study had only one live birth and their age range was between 20 and 30 years. Demographic data, cardiovascular risk markers, obstetric data, laboratory tests and FMD change (%) measurements of all patients were compared. Mean and standard deviation values of the obtained data were calculated. Results: The mean FMD change (%) in the group of patients with a history of preeclampsia was 9.8±3.1. It was 10.32±2.50 in the group of patients with a history of GDM and it was 13.19±3.03 in the control group. A statistically significant difference was found between the control group and GDM and preeclampsia groups in terms of FMD change (%) (

Abstract Background Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is an opportunistic infection that primarily affects immunocompromised individuals. Typical symptoms of PJP include the subacute onset of dyspnea, nonproductive cough, and low-grade fever. In hematology patients, particularly those who are allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients, the disease often presents with a more aggressive clinical course. While hypercalcemia has been documented as a manifestation of PJP in some solid organ transplant recipients, it has not been reported in hematology or stem cell transplant patients. Case presentation Here, we present a case of PJP in a 56-year-old male allogeneic stem cell transplant recipient, who developed hypercalcemia and renal failure during the late post-transplant period. The patient had a history of allogeneic stem cell transplantation due to acute myeloid leukemia. He presented with symptoms of fatigue and weakness. Laboratory tests revealed hypercalcemia (13.8 mg/dL) and elevated serum creatinine levels (2.3 mg/dL). The patient was hospitalized, and despite initial treatment with hydration and furosemide, the hypercalcemia persisted, leading to the administration of denosumab. During follow-up, hypoxia was detected, and a chest CT scan revealed mosaic attenuation and ground-glass opacities. Bronchoscopy was performed, and PCR testing confirmed the presence of Pneumocystis jirovecii. Other causes of hypercalcemia were ruled out, with PTH measured at 13.8 pg/mL (normal range 15–65 pg/mL), albumin at 3.71 g/dL, 1.25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 at 96 ng/dL (normal range 26–95 ng/dL), and 25-hydroxy vitamin D at 32.5 ng/mL (normal range 20–40 ng/mL). A PET-CT scan demonstrated no pathological FDG uptake, with the exception of findings suggestive of a pulmonary infection. Following treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and denosumab, the patient’s hypercalcemia and infection resolved. Conclusions Although rare, PJP can present with hypercalcemia and kidney injury in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve both PJP and hypercalcemia.

Nanopolymers represent a significant group of delivery vehicles for hydrophobic drugs. In particular, dual stimuli-responsive smart polymer nanomaterials might be extremely useful for drug delivery and release. We analyzed the possibility to include the known antitumor drug doxorubicin (DOX), which has antimitotic and antiproliferative effects, in a nanopolymer complex. Thus, doxorubicin-loaded temperature- and pH-sensitive smart nanopolymers (DOX-SNPs) were produced. Characterizations of the synthesized nanostructures were carried out including zeta potential measurements, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The loading capacity of the nanopolymers for DOX was investigated, and encapsulation and release studies were carried out. In a final step, the cytotoxicity of the DOX–nanopolymer complexes against the HeLa cancer cell line at different concentrations and incubation times was studied. The DOX release depended on temperature and pH value of the release medium, with the highest release at pH 6.0 and 41 °C. This effect was similar to that observed for the commercial liposomal formulation of doxorubicin Doxil. The obtained results demonstrated that smart nanopolymers can be efficiently used to create new types of doxorubicin-based drugs.

The aim of this paper is to introduce the cyclic-Fibonacci hybrid sequence and give some properties. By taking into account the cyclic-Fibonacci hybrid sequence modulo $m$, the method will be given to determine the period lengths of this sequence according to the different $m$ values. In the final part of this paper, we study the cyclic-Fibonacci hybrid sequence in groups and then we calculate the cyclic-Fibonacci hybrid lengths of polyhedral groups $(2,2,2)$, $(2,n,2)$ and $(n,2,2)$ as applications of the results produced.

Abstract Background Progressive pulmonary fibrosis is the symptomatic, physiological, and radiological progression of interstitial lung diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between progressive pulmonary fibrosis and demographic characteristics and to evaluate the effect on clinical outcomes and mortality. Methods This cross-sectional study included 221 patients diagnosed with non-idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis interstitial lung diseases who were followed in the last 5 years. Patient symptoms, clinical, radiological, and demographic data were examined. Risk factors for the development of progressive pulmonary fibrosis and the relationship with clinical outcomes and mortality were examined. Results Of the patients, 33.0% (n = 73) had fibrotic idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (iNSIP), 35.7% (n = 79) had fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonia (HP), 18.1% (n = 40) had fibrotic connective tissue disease (CTD) interstitial lung diseases (ILD), and 13.1% (n = 29) had postinfectious fibrotic ILD. The progressive pulmonary fibrosis development rates of the subtypes were 46.5% iNSIP (n = 34), 86.0% fibrotic HP (n = 68), 42.5% fibrotic CTD-ILD (n = 17), and 20.7% postinfectious ILD (n = 6). The presence of progressive pulmonary fibrosis was associated with the development of respiratory failure and mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 2.70, 95% CI: 1.04–7.05 and OR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.23–3.69). Progressive pulmonary fibrosis development was higher in hypersensitivity pneumonia patients with farmer’s lung (OR: 5.06, 95% CI: 1.02–25.18). Conclusion Progressive pulmonary fibrosis was more prevalent in older patients. Farming was an important risk factor in the development of hypersensitivity pneumonia-progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Respiratory failure and mortality were higher in those who developed progressive pulmonary fibrosis.

In this article, we define three-dimensional q-Riordan arrays and q-Riordan representations for these arrays. Also, we give four cases of infinite multiplication three-dimensional matrices of these arrays. As applications, we obtain three-dimensional qq-Pascal-like matrix and its inverse matrix by Heine’s binomial formula, using combinatorial identities. Finally, we consider the generalization of three-dimensional qq-Pascal-like matrix and give some identities involving qq-binomial coefficients.

OBJECTIVE: Spices, because of their bioactive content, can cause irritation and allergic symptoms in the respiratory system and skin. Spice shop workers are constantly exposed to spices and dried herbs as part of their jobs. This study aimed to investigate the work-related symptoms of spice shop workers. Another aim was to assess the risk status of having an atopic nature for work-related symptoms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. Our research team visited the spice shops and a questionnaire was administered to 112 workers to assess work-related symptoms. In order to determine atopy, 79 of them had skin prick tests with common aeroallergens. RESULTS: Workers had eye complaints (19.6%), runny noses (22.3%), skin symptoms (9.8%), shortness of breath (9.8%), and coughs (19.6%) at work. The prevalence of atopy was 18%. Atopy was associated with work-related eye complaints (odds ratio (OR): 4.12, 95% CI: 1.17-14.46), work-related runny nose, and work-related cough (OR: 4.85, 95% CI: 1.44-16.32, and OR: 4.41, 95% CI: 1.30-14.97). CONCLUSIONS: The workers in spice shops are adversely affected by spices and dried herbs in their working environment. Being sensitive to common aeroallergens poses a risk for occupational symptoms.

Background: Risk factors of intestinal helminthiasis include helminths isolated. Behavioural aberrations were represented more behavioural aberrations such as finger sucking, nail biting and pica which had been found to enhance intestinal ova transmission. Objectives: To determine risk fac tors of intestinal helminthiasis in poor personal hygiene/care, and in infected subjects than the non Subjects and Methods: Fresh stool samples from 140 children (0 – 17 years) living in 10 orphanages in Benin City, were analyzed using the Kato-Katz technique for the detection of ova of helminths between January-April, 2011. Results: Prevalence of intestinal helminthiasis was 20.7%. Children ages 12 – 17 years had highest prevalence of intestinal helminths. Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura were the intestinal infected children (χ2= 3.94, p = 0.047, O.R = 2.3). use of common towel were the most significant independent predictors of intestinal helminthiasis (p = 0.017 and 0.028 respectively). Hand washing with water and soap after defeacation was significantly asso ciated with decreased prevalence of intestinal helminthiasis (p = 0.016). Conclusion: Behavioural modifica tion, good personal hygiene and provision of towels for each child living in the orphanage should be integral part of intestinal helminths control in orphanages.

Background: Determination of abnormal blood pressure (BP) in children is dependent on comparison with normal percentile values. The commonly used National Institute of Health (NIH) standard is generated from children outside of Africa. Objective: To develop BP percentile values for Nigerian children based on BP cuff width 40% to 50% of arm circumference. Methods: Subjects were pupils from nine primary schools in Midwestern Nigeria recruited using a multi-stage sampling technique. Their BP was measured using a cuff width of 40 to 50% of arm circumference and cuff length of at least 80% of arm circumference respectively. The mean of two BP readings were taken. Hypertension was defined as systolic and or diastolic BP >95th percentile of the study population. Results: There were 1549 subjects, aged 5 to 15 years, of which 757 (48.9%) were males. Prevalence of hypertension was 2.6%. Only age and weight were independent predictors of both elevated systolic and diastolic BP. The 5th, 10th, 50th, 90th and 95th percentiles of Systolic and diastolic BP were generated for both males and females pupils. Conclusion: BP Percentiles have been generated using BP cuff width 40 to 50% of the arm circumference for Nigerian children.

Background: Nutritional status of children has become a worldwide public health issue and its assessment has been adjudged the best global indicator of well-being in children. One in three children under the age of five (178 million children) in developing countries are stunted due to chronic under-nutrition and poor quality diets. Without addressing malnutrition, the Sustainable Development Goal 2 of ending hunger, achieving food security and improved nutrition may not be attained. This study assessed the nutritional status and its possible determinants among children attending Early Child Care Centres in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross- sectional study was carried out on 544 under-five children attending ECCCs in Benin City. Data was obtained with pretested interviewer-administered questionnaires. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric measurement. Data was analyzed with IBM SPSS version 21.0 and statistical significance was determined using Chi square with p value set at < 0.05. Results: Seventy nine (14.5%) of the children were stunted, while 68 (12.5%), 67 (12.3%) and 13 (2.8%) were underweight, wasted, and obese respectively. Significant possible determinants of being underweight and wasted among the children were age of child (p = 0.041) and exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.011) while the predictor for wasting was exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.011). Conclusion: Over a tenth of the respondents were either stunted, underweight or wasted while a few of the children were obese. All stakeholders involved in ensuring and promoting proper nutrition among under-five children should work as a team in order to develop intervention programmes and ensure adequate nutrition in children.

Abstract Background People who inject drugs (PWID) and living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) are at higher risk of suffering marked derangements in micronutrient levels, leading to poor disease and treatment outcomes. Consequently, this can be monitored by measuring key biomarkers, such as total circulating (serum) 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D3), calcium, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for timely intervention. Therefore, circulating levels of 25(OH)D3 and calcium, and ALP activity were determined in PWID and are highly active anti-retroviral treatment (HAART)-experienced or -naive, along with those without HIV infection. Methods This cross-sectional study compared serum concentrations of 25(OH)D3, calcium, and ALP in Kenyan PLHIV and were HAART-naive (n = 30) or -experienced (n = 61), PWID and without HIV (n = 132). Results Circulating 25(OH)D3 levels were significantly different amongst the study groups (P

The utility of pre-implantation genetic testing (PGT-A) is controversial, with older meta-analyses demonstrating improvedpregnancy outcomes, while newer trials have not shown benefit. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysiswhich aimed to evaluate the benefits of PGT-A using comprehensive chromosome screening (CCS) and its effects onin vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes among randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We conducted a systematic searchto identify RCTs comparing women undergoing PGT-A with CSS with women not undergoing PGT-A, from inceptionto December 2020. Random effects meta-analysis was utilized to calculate average odds ratios (OR) for clinicalpregnancy rate (CPR), ongoing pregnancy rate (OPR), and miscarriage rate (MR). The heterogeneity of exposure wasassessed using Forest plots and I2 statistics. Publication bias was evaluated using Egger’s test. Among 1251 citations,seven RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Biopsies of embryos were carried out at various developmental stages, includingpolar body, day 3, and day 5-6 of culture. Data was analyzed as all studies and blastocyst only. Meta-analysis failedto show improvement in OPRs using PGT-A in the all ages,

Abstract Background The aim of the study was to investigate the changes occurring in the mandibular condyle by using mentoplate together with rapid maxillary expansion (MP-RME) treatment in the correction of skeletal class III relationship, using fractal analysis (FA). Methods The sample consisted of 30 individuals (8–11 years) diagnosed with skeletal Class III malocclusion who underwent MP-RME treatment. Archival records provided cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images taken at two intervals: before MP-RME treatment (T0) and after treatment (T1). The CBCT images were obtained using standardized settings to ensure consistency in image quality and resolution. The trabecular structures in the bilateral condyles at both T0 and T1 were analyzed using FA. The FA was performed on these condylar images using the Image J software. The region of interest (ROI) was carefully selected in the condyle to avoid overlapping with cortical bone, and the box-counting method was employed to calculate the fractal dimension (FD). Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the FD values between T0 and T1 and to evaluate gender differences. The statistical significance was determined using paired t-tests for intra-group comparisons and independent t-tests for inter-group comparisons, with a significance level set at p 0.05). However, a significant gender difference was observed in FA values, with males exhibiting higher FA values in the left condyle compared to females at both T0 and T1 (p

This research aims to assess the significance of marketing research within the Nigerian banking sector. The study pursues the following objectives: First, to appraise the potential of marketing research as a gauge for a firm's advancement; second, to examine if marketing research contributes to a firm's economic viability; and third, to ascertain the extent of customer satisfaction achievable through marketing research. The research employed a combined descriptive and explanatory design. Data were collected through questionnaires and supplemented by library research. Both primary and secondary data sources were utilized, and data analysis employed the chi-square statistical method at a 5% significance level. The results were presented in frequency tables and percentages. The participants in the study consisted of 67 employees from the Union Bank of Nigeria Benin branch. The central focus of this research was to highlight the significance of marketing research within the Nigerian banking sector. The findings of the study revealed that the disregard for marketing research has precipitated the premature closure of banks in the industry. Moreover, the study demonstrated that marketing research holds the potential to enhance and cultivate the banking sector. In light of these findings, it is recommended that banks should proactively engage in marketing research to foster the growth and development of the banking industry.

This study presents the design and implementation of a Synchronous Reluctance Motor (SynRM) with an integrated drive circuit for a 4-inch submersible pump motor, tailored for small-scale solar photovoltaic water pumping systems. The SynRM operates efficiently at low voltage levels, eliminating the need for a boost converter and allowing direct connection to low-voltage power sources. With a power output of 0.55 kW and an ultra-premium efficiency rating of 86.5%, the motor integrates the drive circuit within its casing for a compact design. It operates across a voltage range of 15 V to 95 V, using efficient buck converters for required output voltages. This paper discusses the design, optimization, and prototyping of the motor and drive circuit, highlighting innovative solutions for advancing small-scale solar-powered water pumping systems. Electric motors, especially pump motors, are major consumers of electrical energy. Enhancing their efficiency can significantly impact total energy consumption. This study's SynRM and integrated drive system, optimized for high efficiency, durability, and cost-effectiveness, can be directly powered by PV panels, offering a compact and efficient alternative to traditional systems.

Abstract Background Nasal septum osteotomy is used for separating the nasal septum and maxilla during a Le Fort I osteotomy. If this osteotomy is applied too high or is tilted into the nasal cavity, the sphenoid sinus and various adjacent vital structures may be damaged, and serious bleeding, neurological complications, blindness or even death may occur. The aim of this study is to determine the safety margin of the nasal septum osteotomy for sphenoid sinus during the Le Fort I surgery in cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients. Methods Twenty cleft lip and palate (the CLP group) and 20 healthy individuals (the control group) were included in this study. Three values (two lines and an angle) were measured by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The first line is the line passing through the junction of the spina nasalis anterior point and the lower point of the perpendicular lamina of the palatine bone. The undersired line is the line passing through the junction of the spina nasalis anterior point and the lower anterior border of the base of the sphenoid sinus. The osteotomy angle is the angle between these two lines. Results In the control group; a surgical line of 44.11–61.14 mm (mean 51.91 ± 4.32), an undesired line of 52.48–69.58 mm (mean 59.14 ± 5.08) and an angle of 18.22–27.270 (mean 22.66 ± 2.55) were found, while in the CLP group, a surgical line of 34.53–51.16 mm (mean 43.38 ± 4.79), an undesired line of 46.86–61.35 mm (mean 55.02 ± 3.24) and an angle of 17.60–28.810 (mean 22.60 ± 2.81) were found. Conclusions Although the angle to the sphenoid sinus was not significantly affected by CLP, careful planning and consideration of these anatomical differences are crucial to prevent complications and ensure the safety of Le Fort I surgery in CLP patients. Further research with larger sample sizes and subgroup analysis of unilateral and bilateral CLP cases is needed to improve our understanding of these anatomical variations and improve surgical approaches to individuals with CLP undergoing orthognathic procedures.

Abstract This study aims to investigate the impact of behavioral biases on investment decisions and the moderating role of COVID-19 pandemic information sharing. Furthermore, it highlights the significance of considering cognitive biases and sociodemographic factors in analyzing investor behavior and in designing agent-based models for market simulation. The findings reveal that these behavioral factors significantly positively affect investment decisions, aligning with prior research. The agent-based model’s outcomes indicate that younger, less experienced agents are more prone to herding behavior and perform worse in the simulation compared to their older, higher-income counterparts. In conclusion, the results offer valuable insights into the influence of behavioral biases and the moderating role of COVID-19 pandemic information sharing on investment decisions. Investors can leverage these insights to devise effective strategies that foster rational decision-making during crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study aims to integrate meta-analysis into agent-based models and provide foundational insights into biased agent interactions. It delves deeply into the effects of various behavioral biases such as anchoring, disposition effect, loss aversion, and others on market dynamics and investor decisions. Using agent-based models, it presents simulations of market scenarios and investor behaviors, emphasizing the impact of individual decisions on market dynamics. The innovative approach of this study lies in integrating behavioral finance theories with real market data, offering a nuanced analysis of market behaviors. This work contributes a new perspective to behavioral finance and encourages the use of agent-based models to deepen our understanding of market dynamics and investor behaviors, which can be helpful in financial market analysis and policy-making. This study aims to provide a foundational framework for those looking to integrate meta-analysis into agent-based models and explore biased agent behaviors. The findings demonstrate the ability to model the interactions of loss aversion, disposition effect, and anchoring and adjustment bias taking into account agents' socio-demographic and psychological factors, as close to the real world as possible. The results offer highly favorable forecasts for modeling human behaviors more accurately in portfolio optimizations and for expanding the applications of Generalized Artificial Intelligence in financial market implementations.

The study aims to not only detect the presence of herd behavior in the countries studied, but also to examine the effect of cultural dimensions and market/bank-based systems on the herding behavior of financial market investors. The study employs the Cross-Sectional Standard Deviation and Cross-Sectional Absolute Deviation methods to analyze daily data from public companies traded in the capital markets in Emerging Seven and Group of Seven economies. The results suggest that being a member of E7-G7, a Future Oriented (FO), and a Performance Oriented (PO) cultures are the most important factors in explaining herd behavior. Additionally, the study found that the Ridge Classifier and CatBoost Classifier algorithms arethe most superior model for estimating herd behavior periods determined by the CSSD and CASD models, respectively. The feature selection results show that the Assertiveness (A) in-group collectivism (GC) are the three most important explanatory factors of the herd behavior.

Objectives: The present study evaluates the clinical outcomes of children, adolescents and adults with Ewing sarcoma and identifies the prognostic factors. Methods: Included in the study were 222 pediatric and adult patients diagnosed with Ewing sarcoma (EwS) who were followed up between 1992 and 2019, and whose data were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The median age of 131 male and 91 female patients included in the study was 13 (1–64). The median follow-up duration of the survivors was 79 months (range, 11–182 months). The 3-year EFS rate of the 222 patients was 34 % (Confidence Interval (CI) (0.158–0.242 %) and the OS rate was 54 % (CI, 0.289–0.590 %). For the non-metastatic patients, the 3-year EFS rate was 47 % and the OS was 68 %, while for the metastatic patients the 3-year EFS rate was 13 % and the OS was 30 %. Of the patient sample, 81 (36, 5 %) survived, of whom 72 were continuously free of disease while the disease persisted in nine, and three developed a secondary neoplasm (2 of whom subsequently died while one survived disease-free). Of the 129 patients who relapsed with metastases and/or local recurrence, eight survived and are disease-free, nine are alive with uncontrolled disease; five were lost to follow-up and 107 died. Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest metastatic disease at presentation and positive margins after surgery to be of prognostic significance in EwS. Disruptions in aggressive local treatments may reduce the chances of cure in EwS.

Red mud (RM) is a waste material originating from the production of alumina. Due to its high alkalinity and heavy metal content, the disposal of red mud represents a significant environmental problem on a global scale. The utilization of red mud as a hybrid component in construction materials has the potential to mitigate storage and environmental pollution, while simultaneously achieving sustainable development and economic benefit. In this article, blank polysulfone (PSF) and red mud-polysulfone (RM/PSF) composite geosynthetic barriers (GBRs) were prepared using the phase inversion technique. The prepared materials were subjected to a series of analyses, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDS). The results indicated that the immobilization of red mud into the polysulfone polymer matrix was successful. The mechanical tests demonstrated that the RM/PSF GBR exhibited superior tensile and tearing strength compared to the blank PSF GBR. Additionally, the SEM images revealed that the RM/PSF GBR exhibited enhanced mechanical properties, resulting in a more homogeneous surface.

In this study, we investigated the balsamic contents, total phenolic contents, flavoneflavonol contents, and flavanones-dihydroflavonols contents, and antimicrobial effects of seven geopropolis samples produced by four neotropical stingless bee species: Venezuelan Melipona favosa, and Bolivian M. grandis, Scaptotrigona depilis, S. polysticta. The balsamic content value was found highest in the sample of S. polysticta (sample 7) collected from Bolivia, highest total phenolic content in M. favosa geopropolis (sample 1) from Venezuela, highest flavone-flavonol content in M. favosa geopropolis (sample 2) collected from Venezuela and highest flavones-dihydroflavonols content in S. polystica (sample 7) from Bolivia. As a result, except for balsamic content values, other investigated values were lower compare to the previous researches about different stingless bee species geopropolis. This is proved that climatic conditions, bee species and collecting area affected the chemical content of geopropolis significantly. The antimicrobial findings indicated that the examined geopropolis extracts displayed different degrees of inhibition against the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and fungi, which correlated with their phenolic contents. Nevertheless, these extracts did not demonstrate a comprehensive inhibitory effect on Gram-negative bacteria. Standardized geopropolis samples, rich in phenolic content, can complement antibiotics naturally for preventing and treating infections from Gram-positive bacteria and Candida albicans. However, further studies are still needed regarding the clinical applications of geopropolis in various infections.

The motivation of this study was to solve the high $\rm I_{D,off}$ problem in 8 Volt N-channel MOSFET. We experimented with implanting nitrogen into LDD at various doses. As a result, $\rm I_{D,off}$ increases and $\rm BV_{DSS}$ decreases as the dose increases. When it exceeds 1.0E15 cm $^{-2}$ , the occurrence of tail-type $\rm I_{D,off}$ and $\rm BV_{DSS}$ that deviate from the normal distribution increases. Implanted nitrogen enhances the diffusion of dopants in the LDD bulk but suppresses it on the silicon surface. As a result, the depletion curvature at the LDD edge becomes a negative shape and increases the electric field. We performed the same experiment on logic MOSFETs to comprehensively analyze other electrical effects. Nitrogen improves the HCI immunity of MOSFETs but degrades for 2.5 Volt and 8 Volt MOSFETs when the dose is above 1.0E15 cm $^{-2}$ . The short-channel effect of 2.5 Volt MOSFET is insensitive to nitrogen but is suppressed in CORE MOSFET when the dose is over 1.3E15 cm $^{-2}$ . Nitrogen changes $\rm I_{D,sat}$ through interactions with co-implanted species and nitrogen dose. As a result, nitrogen co-implanted with phosphorus shows a parabolic-like $\rm I_{D,sat}$ trend. However, in the case of CORE MOSFET implanted with arsenic, $\rm I_{D,sat}$ does not show a parabolic-like trend but increases continuously. This experiment did not find much benefit from nitrogen implantation for 2.5 Volt and 8 Volt MOSFETs. For all MOSFETs, it is recommended that the nitrogen dosage not exceed 1.0E15 cm $^{-2}$ .

Abstract Background The aim of our study is to evaluate the postoperative complications after the extraction of impacted third molar teeth and to investigate the effects of these complications on the quality of life of patients. Methods Demographic, clinical, and radiological evaluations were conducted, covering factors like age, gender, and tooth position. Clinical measurements, pain and edema assessments, and quality of life evaluations through OHIP-14 scores were performed. Preoperative and postoperative mouth opening, trismus, alveolitis and dehiscence were evaluated. Results A total of 100 patients were included in our study. No significant gender-based differences were found in measurements, pain, or swelling. There was no statistically significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative results of difference A-C, difference B-E, difference A-D, and difference mouth opening. Procedure duration correlated positively with age, alveolar osteitis, trismus, and swelling. Postoperative quality of life, assessed by OHIP-14, demonstrated a negative correlation with age and trismus. It was observed that the gender and the tooth positions of the patients had no effect on the severity of postoperative pain and edema. Conclusions As the age of the patients increases and the duration of the procedure increases, the rate of postoperative complications increases and it is concluded that the quality of life decreases significantly.

In this research, an optimization methodology was introduced for improving bipedal robot locomotion controlled by reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms. Specifically, the study focused on optimizing the Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), Advantage Actor-Critic (A2C), Soft Actor-Critic (SAC), and Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradients (TD3) algorithms. The optimization process utilized the Tree-structured Parzen Estimator (TPE), a Bayesian optimization technique. All RL algorithms were applied to the same environment, which was created within the OpenAI GYM framework and known as the bipedal walker. The optimization involved the fine-tuning of key hyperparameters, including learning rate, discount factor, generalized advantage estimation, entropy coefficient, and Polyak update parameters. The study comprehensively analyzed the impact of these hyperparameters on the performance of RL algorithms. The results of the optimization efforts were promising, as the fine-tuned RL algorithms demonstrated significant improvements in performance. The mean reward values for the 10 trials were as follows: PPO achieved an average reward of 181.3, A2C obtained an average reward of −122.2, SAC reached an average reward of 320.3, and TD3 had an average reward of 278.6. These outcomes underscore the effectiveness of the optimization approach in enhancing the locomotion capabilities of the bipedal robot using RL techniques.

Genetik yapısı değiştirilmiş organizma, modern biyoteknolojik yöntemler kullanılarak kendi cinsi dışında bir cinsten gen aktarılarak özellikleri değiştirilen hayvan-bitki ve mikroorganizmaları ifade etmektedir. Bu organizmalara doktrinde transgenik veya genetiği değiştirilmiş organizma (GDO) adı verilmektedir. GDO ve ürünlerinin sosyal hayattaki kullanımının artması ve ticaret hacminin genişlemesi nedeniyle insan sağlığı üzerindeki riskler konusunda endişeler artmaktadır. GDO ve ürünleriyle beslenmenin veya bu ürünlerin yem olarak kullanımının kamu sağlığı üzerinde ciddi riskler taşıdığı bilimsel çalışmalarla ileri sürüldüğünden birtakım hukuksal düzenlemelerle anılan ürünlerin kullanımın düzenlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Ülkemizde, 5977 sayılı Kanun ve bu kanuna dayanılarak çıkarılan yönetmelikte, söz konusu ürünlerin ithalatı, ihracatı, deneysel amaçlı serbest bırakılması, piyasaya sürülmesi ile kullanımına ilişkin başvurular belli bir usule bağlanmıştır. Bu usulün yönetilmesi için ilk olarak Biyogüvenlik Kurulu görevlendirilmişti. 09.07.2018 tarihli Resmi Gazete’de yayınlanan 703 sayılı KHK ile Biyogüvenlik Kurulu kaldırılmış olup, kurulun görevleri Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü (TAGEM)’ne verilmiştir. Kaldırılan kurulun yapısı objektif ve nesnel risk değerlendirmesi bağlamında doktrinde eleştirilmekte iken, başvuruların değerlendirilmesi ve neticelendirilmesi yetkisinin bakanlıkta toplanması ve idari sürecin tamamına bakanlığın hakim kılınması biyogüvenlik kaygılarını artırmaktadır. Çalışmamızda, başvuruların alınmasından itibaren idare tarafından yürütülen sürecin ve risk analizinin kamu sağılığının korunması bakımından yeterli olup olmadığı irdelenecektir. Burada teşkilat ve faaliyet boyutuyla değerlendirme yapılacaktır. Değişen idare anlayışına rağmen sürecin geleneksel bakanlık bürokrasi eliyle yürütülmesinin, bu ürünlerden kaynaklanan riskleri engelleme, insan, hayvan ve bitki sağlığı ile çevrenin ve biyolojik çeşitliliğin korunmasına etkisi tartışılacaktır. GDO ve ürünleri için yapılan başvurular üzerine verilen idari kararların idari yargıdaki denetimi ortaya konularak tespit edilen usuli eksikliklere dair önerilerde bulunulacaktır. Genel yargılama usulü dışında bir usulün geliştirilmesinin mümkün olup olmadığı tartışılacaktır. Yargılama usulümüzde bazı konularda getirilen ivedi yargılama ve usuli güvençlerin, bu başvuruların yargısal denetiminden hangi ölçüde kullanılabileceği irdelenecektir. Yakın tarihte verilen Danıştay kararları üzerinden yargılama usulünün biyogüvenlik üzerindeki etkisi ortaya konulacaktır.

Objective: Comparison of pain levels of patients treated with 2 different passive self-ligating bracket systems right after initial archwire placement. Methods: A total of 34 patients with mild crowding were allocated randomly to 2 groups to be treated using 2 different self-ligating brackets. 0.014 inch copper nitinol and 0.014 inch superelastic nitinol archwires were selected as the initial archwire for Damon Q and SmartClip SL3 systems respectively. Seven page questionnaires that consisted of 3 visual analogue scales were handled to patients to mark their pain levels while chewing, biting with anterior teeth, and biting with posterior teeth at 2nd hour, 6th hour, 2nd day, 3rd day, and 7th day time intervals. Pain scores were measured manually using a ruler and noted. Results: The SmartClip group reported less pain at the 2nd and the 6th hours while chewing. Pain levels were the highest at the 6th h and the 2nd day for the Damon Q and SmartClip SL3 groups respectively. The SmartClip group reported more pain for the first two days, and after the 2nd day, pain scores were very similar to the Damon group. No statistically significant differences were reported between the groups. Conclusion: The highest pain sensation was reported for the 2nd day and decreased toward the 7th day. The SmartClip SL3 group reported lower pain scores in the first two days, but the levels were equaled on the 2nd day and after.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between sodium citrate cotransporter (NaDC-1) gene polymorphism and urinary citrate excretion in patients with kidney stones containing calcium. Materials and Methods: Between June 2009 and August 2011, stone materials obtained from patients treated for nephrolithiasis at the Urology Clinic were examined using X-ray diffraction, and patients with calcium-containing stones (calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate) were identified. Patients were divided into two groups based on their 24-hour urine citrate levels: (1) those with normal urine citrate levels and (2) hypocitraturia. To analyze the rs11567842 mutation in the NaDC-1 gene, their blood was collected in a Na-EDTA hemogram tube and stored at -40 °C. The genotypes of the cases were determined by analyzing the obtained genomic DNAs in real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Ninety-six patients with calcium-containing nephrolithiasis were eligible for this study, 40 with normal urine citrate levels and 56 with hypocitraturia. The mean 24-hour urine citrate levels in the normal- and hypo-citraturia groups were 773 mg/1.73 m2/24 hours and 152 mg/1.73 m2/24 hours, respectively. Citrate measurements revealed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p0.05). NaDC-1 gene rs11567842 homozygous mutation (GG genotypes) was detected in 4 (10%) of normocitraturia and 4 (7%) of hypocitraturia. The normocitraturia group had a higher mutation rate than the hypocitraturia group, but this difference was insignificant (p=0.618). Conclusion: This study suggests that the NaDC-1 gene polymorphism does not cause hypocitraturia in calcium-containing kidney stones. Larger studies are needed to understand genetic disorders’ impact on low urinary citrate excretion, with patient groups and healthy controls, and a standard diet.

ABSTRACTPhenotypic changes and functional impairment of natural killer (NK) cells occur early in HIV-1 infection. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively restores CD4+ T cell counts and suppresses HIV-1 to undetectable levels. The role and efficacy of immediate ART initiation in mitigating NK cell aberrations remain to be elucidated comprehensively. This study hypothesized that HIV-1 infection negatively influences NK cell evolution and that early ART initiation restores these perturbations. Blood samples were collected longitudinally from five acutely HIV-1 infected men who have sex with men in Nairobi, Kenya. Participants were immediately initiated on ART after HIV-1 diagnosis. Blood samples were drawn pre-infection and at sequential bi-weekly post-infection time points. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stained with panel NK cells surface markers to assess HIV-induced phenotypic changes by flow cytometry. Some cells were also stimulated overnight with K562 cell line, IL-2, and IL-15 and stained for flow cytometry functionality. HIV-1 infection was associated with significant reductions in the production of IFN-γ (P = 0.0264), expression of CD69 (P = 0.0110), and expression of NK cell inhibitory receptor Siglec7 (P = 0.0418). We observed an increased NK cell degranulation (P = 0.0100) and an upregulated expression of cell exhaustion marker PD-1 (P = 0.0513) at post-infection time points. These changes mainly were restored upon immediate initiation of ART, except for Siglec7 expression, whose reduced expression persisted despite ART. Some HIV-associated changes in NK cells may persist despite the immediate initiation of ART in acute HIV-1 infections. Our findings suggest that understanding NK cell dynamics and their restoration after ART can offer insights into optimizing HIV-1 treatment and potentially slowing disease progression.IMPORTANCENatural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in controlling of HIV-1 replication and progression to disease. Perturbations of their functionality may therefore result in deleterious disease outcomes. Previous studies have demonstrated reduced NK cell functionality in chronic HIV-1 infection that positively correlated to HIV-1 viral load. This may suggest that control of HIV-1 viremia in acute HIV-1 infection may aid in enhancing NK cell response boosting the inate immunity hence effective control of viral spread and establishment of viral reservoir. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively supresses HIV-1 viremia to undectable levels and restores CD4+ T cell counts. Our study highlights the significant role of early ART initiation in mitigating NK cell disruptions caused by acute HIV-1 infection. Our results suggest that early initiation of ART could have benefits beyond suppressing viral load and restoring CD4+ T cell counts. In addition, it could boost the innate immunity necessary to control disease progression.

Abstract Background Although PCNL has been used for a long time to treat nephrolithiasis, there is still contradictory information concerning the use of the dilation method. In this study, we aimed to compare conventional sequential Amplatz dilatation (SAD) using ten dilators and a method using three dilators (12, 20, and 30 Fr), which we named “three-shot dilatation” (3SD), in terms of fluoroscopy time (FT), operation time, bleeding and stone-free rates. Methods The study included patients who underwent PCNL with the SAD and 3SD methods. A different surgeon with extensive endourology experience applied each technique. One of the surgeons operated on the patients using the SAD method with ten dilators, and the other surgeon performed the operations using the 3SD method involving three Amplatz dilators (12, 20, and 30 Fr). Results A total of 283 patients, 138 in the 3SD group and 145 in the SAD group, were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 47.32 ± 13.71 years. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding preoperative characteristics (p > 0.05). The FTs of access 2, total access, and total operation were significantly shorter in the 3SD group (p = 0.0001). The decrease in hemoglobin was statistically significant in the 3SD group compared to the SAD group (p = 0.022), while the blood transfusion requirements of the groups were similar (p = 0.176). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding stone-free rates (p = 0.973). In four patients in the SAD group, re-access was necessary due to the loss of passage due to the guide wire slipping out of its place. Conclusion Intraoperative FT can be shortened using the described 3SD method without compromising surgical safety. However, this method can be used as an intermediate step in the transition to one-shot dilation by surgeons experienced in performing SAD.

Abstract Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate the functional outcomes and complications after non-fusion knee arthrodesis with a modular segmental intramedullary implant used for infected total knee arthroplasty revisions. Methods A retrospective review of the patients who had been surgically treated with a modular intramedullary arthrodesis implant for recurrent infection after revision TKA between January 2016 and February 2020 were included. The indications for arthrodesis were failed infected TKA with massive bone loss, deficient extensor mechanism and poor soft tissue coverage that precluded joint reconstruction with revision TKA implants. Clinical outcomes were assesed with visual analogue scale for pain (pVAS), Oxford knee score (OKS) and 12-item short form survey (SF-12). Full-length radiographs were used to verify limb length discrepancies (LLD). Results Fourteen patients (4 male and 10 female) patients with a mean age of 69.3 (range, 59 to 81) years at time of surgery were available for final follow-up at a mean of 28.8 months (range, 24–35 months). All clinical outcome scores improved at the final follow-up (pVAS, 8.5 to 2.6, p = .01; OKS, 12.6 to 33.8, p = .02; SF-12 physical, 22.9 to 32.1, p = .01 and SF-12 mental, 27.7 to 40.2, p = .01). The mean LLD was 1.0 cm (range, + 15 – 2.3 cm). Re-infection was detected in three patients (21.4%). Two patients were managed with suppressive antibiotic treatment and a third patient required repeat 2-stage revision procedure. In one patient, a periprosthetic femur fracture was observed and treated with plate osteosynthesis. Conclusion Uncontrolled infection after total knee arthroplasty can be effectively treated with arthrodesis using a modular intramedullary nail and satisfactory functional results can be obtained. Level of evidence Level 4, Retrospective cohort study.

Objective:This study aimed to summarize our experience with patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) with a previous history of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) treatment or open nephrolithotomy and compare them with patients who underwent PNL alone.Materials and Methods:A total of 565 patients were treated with PNL from 2012 to 2022 at our center. These patients who underwent PNL were divided into three groups: Group 1 consisted of patients who had no medical history of previous ESWL or open kidney stone surgery, Group 2 consisted of those who had a history of previous ESWL, and Group 3 included patients with a history of previous open kidney stone surgery.Results:Regarding age, there were no notable differences between the three groups, body mass index, gender, laterality, and stone density in Hounsfield Units. Group 3 had a significantly higher total operation fluoroscopy time than the other two groups, and Group 2 had a significantly lower total operation time than the other two groups. Regarding the postoperative parameters of all three groups, including hospital stay, time to nephrostomy removal, urinary leakage, hemoglobin decrease, blood transfusion, and stone-free rates, no statistically significant differences were found.Conclusion:Our study demonstrates that PNL can be safely performed with a similar success rate and without a higher risk of problems in patients who have undergone open nephrolithomy or ESWL, as well as in primary PNL patients who have not undergone any previous interventions.

Aim: The objective of this study, to evaluate the initial alignment effectiveness of two different passive self-ligating brackets (SLBs) and to compare the differences in arch widths. Materials and Methods: The patients with no skeletal discrepancy, Little’s irregularity index (LII) greater than 3 mm on both arches, who were treated with SLBs and whom had undamaged plaster models at the beginning (T0), 10th week (T1), and 20th week (T2) of their treatment period were enrolled to the study group. Group 1 (Damon) was consisted of 17 patients (mean age=14.5 years) and Group 2 (SmartClip) was consisted of 18 patients (mean age=13.6 years). The analogue dental casts were transferred to a digital model by scanning. Maxillary and mandibular intercanine, intermolar widths and LII were measured by MeshLab software. Wilcoxon signed-rank and Mann Whitney U tests was used for statistical evaluation. Results: There were no significant differences between the groups for the mean LII in T0 (maxillary LII, Group 1= 6.59 mm; Group 2= 6.32 mm; mandibular LII, Group 1= 5.95 mm, Group 2= 5.73mm). The rate of decrease in the LII between T0-T2 and between T1-T2 were found to be significantly higher for Group 1 in the mandible but there was no significant difference between T0-T1 (P= 0.031, P= 0.042, P= 0.113). There was no significant difference for the rate of decrease in the LIIs between the groups in the maxilla. When changes of intermolar and intercanine widths were compared according to the follow-up times, no significant differences were found for the treatment groups. Conclusion: Both SLBs groups were effective for reducing the crowding in maxillary arch. The increases in intercanine and intermolar widths were found to be similar for both groups. Group 1 was found to be better in the speed of the resolution of the crowding only in the lower incisor region.

Flight delays represent a significant challenge in the global aviation industry, resulting in substantial costs and a decline in passenger satisfaction. This study addresses the critical issue of predicting flight delays exceeding 15 min using machine learning techniques. The arrival delays at a Turkish airport are analyzed utilizing a novel dataset derived from airport operations. This research examines a range of machine learning models, including Logistic Regression, Naïve Bayes, Neural Networks, Random Forest, XGBoost, CatBoost, and LightGBM. To address the issue of imbalanced data, additional experiments are conducted using the Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique (SMOTE), in conjunction with the incorporation of meteorological data. This multi-faceted approach ensures robust forecast performance under varying conditions. The SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) method is employed to interpret the relative importance of features within the models. The study is based on a three-year period of flight data obtained from a Turkish airport. The dataset is sufficiently extensive and robust to provide a reliable foundation for analysis. The results indicate that XGBoost is the most proficient model for the dataset, demonstrating its potential to deliver highly accurate predictions with an accuracy of 80%. The impact of weather factors on the predictions is found to be insignificant in comparison to scenarios without weather data in this dataset.

For organisations to take preventive measures and eliminate potential accidents, the information gained through voluntary reporting is essential. Employees do not, however, report voluntarily for a number of reasons. In this study, we examine why train drivers, who are vital to maintaining rail safety, fail to report hazardous occurrences, leading to employee silence. The measurement tool, which has already been developed specifically for aviation employees, has been applied to 346 train drivers working on Turkish Railways. The scale used for research purposes has proven to be valid and reliable for organisations involved in railways. As a result, it was determined that the drivers did not participate in voluntary reporting due to relational and prosocial, disengaged, quiescence and acquiescence and fear and defensive factors. The highest score for the reasons for non-reporting was observed in the dimension of quiescence and acquiescence. The results of the correlation analysis between dimensions, which are assumed to be the reasons for non-reporting, point to strong positive relationships between each dimension.

Learning how to navigate in unfamiliar environments is a critical skill for AI-powered mobile robots. Traditional methods for robot navigation typically involve three key steps: positioning, mapping, and route planning. However, in unknown environments, these methods can become outdated because route planning requires an obstacle map. Moreover, classical approaches may become trapped at a local maximum as the environment becomes more complex, which can negatively impact the system's success. Therefore, it is crucial to address collision avoidance in autonomous navigation, both in static and dynamic environments, to ensure that the robot reaches the target safely without any collisions. In recent years, heuristic approaches have gained importance due to their proximity to human behavioral learning. In this paper, we will examine the advantages and disadvantages of using Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient Reinforcement learning methods to guide the robot from the starting position to the target position without colliding with static and dynamic obstacles. By using a reinforcement learning method, the robot can learn from its experiences, make informed decisions, and adapt to changes in the environment. We will explore the efficacy of this method and compare it to traditional approaches to determine its potential for real-world applications. Ultimately, this paper aims to develop a robust and efficient navigation system for mobile robots, which can successfully navigate in unknown and dynamic environments. For this purpose, the system was tested for 100 episodes and the results showed a success rate of over 80%.

Objective: Hemophilia A is an X-linked recessive bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency of plasma coagulation factor VIII (FVIII), and it accounts for about 80%-85% of all cases of hemophilia. Plasma-derived therapies or recombinant FVIII concentrates are used to prevent and treat the bleeding symptoms along with FVIIImimicking antibodies. Recently, the European Medicines Agency granted conditional marketing approval for the first gene therapy for hemophilia A. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of coagulation in correcting FVIII deficiency with FVIII-secreting transgenic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Materials and Methods: A lentiviral vector encoding a B domaindeleted FVIII cDNA sequence with CD45R0 truncated (CD45R0t) surface marker was designed to develop a transgenic FVIII-expressing primary cell line by transducing MSCs. The efficacy and functionality of the FVIII secreted from the MSCs was assessed with anti-FVIII ELISA, CD45R0t flow cytometry, FVIII western blot, and mixing test analysis in vitro. Results: The findings of this study showed that the transgenic MSCs maintained persistent FVIII secretion. There was no significant difference in FVIII secretion over time, suggesting stable FVIII expression from the MSCs. The functionality of the FVIII protein secreted in the MSC supernatant was demonstrated by applying a mixing test in coagulation analysis. In the mixing test analysis, FVIIIdeficient human plasma products were mixed with either a saline control or FVIII-secreted MSC supernatant. The mean FVIII level of the saline control group was 0.41±0.03 IU/dL, whereas the mean level was 25.41±33.38 IU/dL in the FVIII-secreting MSC supernatant mixed group (p

The migration of holes in metal-oxide semiconductors such as TiO2 plays a vital role in (photo)catalytic applications. The dynamics of charge carriers under operation conditions can be influenced by both methanol addition and photoinduced surface oxygen vacancies (PI-SOVs). Nevertheless, the existing knowledge of the effect of methanol as a function of PI-SOVs solely concentrates on the chemical reduction process. For this reason, the fundamental understanding of the time-dependent charge carrier-vacancy interactions in the presence of methanol is impaired. Here, we conducted time-resolved atomic force microscopy measurements to quantitatively disclose the effect of methanol adsorption on the dynamics of hole migration in TiO2. Our results show that time constants associated with the migration of charge carriers significantly change due to methanol adsorption. Moreover, the energy landscape of the hole migration barrier was dominated and lowered by PI-SOVs. Our findings contribute to the physics of charge carrier dynamics by enabling the engineering of charge carrier-vacancy interactions.

Pesticides usage has tremendously increased to enhance crop production; however some pesticides are toxic and harmful to human health and the environment. This review discusses the eco-toxicological impacts of pesticides on the environment. This study extensively evaluates various sustainable remediation technologies such as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), electrochemical processes, membrane separation, and adsorbent types (carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofiber, carbon aerogel, graphene oxide, carbon dot, biochar, biosorbents, polymers, metal-organic framework, and nanocomposite) that are used for removal of toxic pesticides from aqueous bodies. Further, various equilibrium isotherm and kinetic models that are used for understanding the mechanisms along with challenges in the techniques are discussed. From the studies, it is observed that the nanocomposites could degrade and remove pesticides efficiently due to their unique properties, making them promising adsorbents for water and wastewater remediation. This review will be an inclusive paper for readers to easily define research gaps and develop novel treatment methods for removing pesticide-contaminated waters.

This study aims to formulate naringenin (Nar)-loaded pH/temperature sensitive nanopolymers for therapeutic options for inflammatory diseases. For this aim, Nar loaded SNPs (NarSNPs) were synthesized by miniememulsion method and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) characterization experiments were conducted. The cytokines release (IL-6 and TNF-α) and cell viability were determined on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. SNPs were determined as a potential naringenin carrier in terms of loading capacity, entrapment efficiency, pH/temperature dependent release, and preservation of bioactivity of Nar. According to our cell viability analyses, NarSNPs are safe at concentration 120 µg/mL. pH/temperature sensitive SNPs decreased the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α 3.95 and 4.35 times more efficiently than free Nar, respectively. These results indicate that SNPs increase bioactivity of Nar against adverse effects of inflammatory response.

This review article evaluates and compares the efficiency of various sustainable adsorbents for the removal of noxious pollutants from water environments. This study discusses the various types of adsorbents concerning their performance and suitability. Adsorbent types include natural-based, carbon-based, waste-based, biomass-based, biopolymers-based, and nanocomposites-based adsorbents, as well as metallic organic frameworks, aerogels, networking crystalline solids, zeolite nanoparticles, and dendrimers were reviewed. Characterisation, modification, fabrication, adsorption capacities under different conditions, isotherm models, and kinetics of noxious pollutants were also reviewed. Adsorption capacities for different pH values, adsorbent doses, adsorbent concentrations, temperature, and the size of particles have been described. One of the basic needs in water and wastewater adsorbents is their formulation and optimisation, using columnar operations, and more importantly, they can be produced quickly and should be cost-effective. Various studies reported a broad range of values for the thermodynamic parameters for noxious pollutants, suggesting the adsorbent's nature as an essential factor affecting the thermodynamics of noxious pollutant sorption. The regeneration and reusability potential of other adsorbents have also been discussed, along with molecular modelling, simulation, knowledge gaps, and future perspectives of noxious pollutants from the water environments.

In the present paper, we aim to generalize the notion of complex-type Fibonacci sequences to complex-type cyclic Fibonacci sequences. Firstly, we define the complex-type cyclic-Fibonacci sequence and then we give miscellaneous properties of this sequence by using the matrix method. Also, we study the complex-type cyclic-Fibonacci sequence modulo $m$. In addition, we describe the complex-type cyclic-Fibonacci sequence in a $2$-generator group and investigate that in finite groups in details. Then, as our last result, we obtain the lengths of the periods of the complex-type cyclic-Fibonacci sequences in dihedral groups $D_{2}$, $D_{3}$, $D_{4}$, $D_{5}$, $D_{6}$ and $D_{8}$ with respect to their generating sets.

Abstract High-resolution biomacromolecular structure determination is essential to better understand protein function and dynamics. Serial crystallography is an emerging structural biology technique which has fundamental limitations due to either sample volume requirements or immediate access to the competitive X-ray beamtime. Obtaining a high volume of well-diffracting, sufficient-size crystals while mitigating radiation damage remains a critical bottleneck of serial crystallography. As an alternative, we introduce the plate-reader module adapted for using a 72-well Terasaki plate for biomacromolecule structure determination at a convenience of a home X-ray source. We also present the first ambient temperature lysozyme structure determined at the Turkish light source (Turkish DeLight). The complete dataset was collected in 18.5 min with resolution extending to 2.39 Å and 100% completeness. Combined with our previous cryogenic structure (PDB ID: 7Y6A), the ambient temperature structure provides invaluable information about the structural dynamics of the lysozyme. Turkish DeLight provides robust and rapid ambient temperature biomacromolecular structure determination with limited radiation damage.

We found similar mild perivascular inflammation in lungs of Bombali virus–positive and –negative Mops condylurus bats in Kenya, indicating the virus is well-tolerated. Our findings indicate M. condylurus bats may be a reservoir host for Bombali virus. Increased surveillance of these bats will be important to reduce potential virus spread.

Abstract This paper proposes to forecast an important cognitive phenomenon called the Loss Aversion Bias via Hybrid Machine Learning Models. One of the unique aspects of this study is using the reaction time (milliseconds), psychological factors (self-confidence scale, Beck’s hopelessness scale, loss-aversion), and personality traits (financial literacy scales, socio-demographic features) as features in classification and regression methods. We found that Random Forest was superior to other algorithms, and when the positive spread ratio (between gain and loss) converged to default loss aversion level, decision-makers minimize their decision duration while gambling, we named this phenomenon as “irresistible impulse of gambling”.