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The Miscellaneous Divisions of the proceedings contains the following 18 papers: "The Detroit Newspapers' Coverage of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit Before and During the Newspaper Strike" (Geri Alumit Zeldes); "Uncivil Religion and Uncivil Science: A Case Study in News Framing and the Sociology of Knowledge" (Rick Clifton Moore); "Portrayal of Religion in Reality TV Programming: Hegemony and the Contemporary American Wedding" (Erika Engstrom and Beth Semic); "Are Disability Images in Advertising Becoming Bold and Daring? An Analysis of Prominent Themes in U.S. and UK Campaigns" (Beth A. Haller and Sue Ralph); "An Analysis of the Dissimilar Coverage of the 2002 Olympics and Paralympics: Frenzied Pack Journalism Versus the Empty Press Room" (Anne V. Golden); "Students as Citizens: Experiential Approaches to Teaching Civic Journalism" (Chike Anyaegbunam and Buck Ryan); "How Public Sphere Theorists Have Influenced Civic Journalism" (Sherrie L. Wilson); "Disposition and Ethnicity in Competition-Based Reality Television Programming: An Examination of the Effects on Viewer Enjoyment" (Kristin M. Barton and Arthur A. Raney); "Marriage on Television: A Content Analysis" (Sara Netzley); "Late-night Comedy in Election 2000: The Direct Effects of Exposure on Candidate Trait Ratings and the Moderating Role of Political Knowledge" (Dannagal E. Goldthwaite); "Learning to Do What Comes Naturally: Delivery Instruction in Broadcast News Textbooks" (Catherine Winter); "Axis of Evil vs. Sunshine Frame: U.S. and S. Korean TV News Coverage of President Bush's Visit to S. Korea" (Jong Hyuk Lee and Yun Jung Choi); "Journalism Students' Perceptions of the Value of Internships" (John E. Getz); "Portfolios for Television News Careers: Recommendations from Pennsylvania News Directors" (B. Gail Wilson); "In Search of a Forest, Not Just the Trees: Online Journalism Scholarship at the 10-Year Mark" (Jane B. Singer and Shayla Thiel); "Seeing as Believing: A Cast Study of Weber's Schema of Charisma and Institution Building As Seen in Visual Images of Students at a Christian Liberal Arts College, 1900-1940" (Michael A. Longinow); "Media Convergence: Industry Practices and Implications for Education" (David Bulla); and "Is It the Grades or the Goods? Instructor and Course Ratings: A Self Determination Theory Perspective" (Vincent F. Filak and Kennon M. Sheldon). (RS)

The Minorities and Communication Division of the proceedings contains the following 7 papers: "The Race Card and Ethical Reasoning: The Importance of Race to Journalistic Decision Making" (Renita Coleman); "Jesse Owens, A Black Pearl Amidst an Ocean of Fury: A Case Study of Press Coverage on The 1936 Berlin Olympic Games" (Pamela C. Laucella); "A Fall from Grace: The Framing of Imam Fawaz Damra by 'The Cleveland Plain Dealer'" (Yolanda D. Campbell); "Silencing the Voice of the Minority" (Minjeong Kim); "The Black Press and the Integration of Baseball: A Content Analysis of Changes in Coverage" (Brian Carroll); "Media Effect on Race and Immigration: Testing the Link" (Cleo Joffrion Allen); and "Color Blindsided in the Booth: An Examination of the Descriptions of College Athletes During Televised Games" (James A. Rada and K. Tim Wulfemeyer). (RS)

The Commission on the Status of Women section of the proceedings contains the following 8 selected papers: "Perverse Public Panoptican: Content Analysis of Male and Female Patient Images in Reproductive Health News Reports" (Marie Dick); "The Olympic Ideal: A Content Analysis of the Coverage of Olympic Women's Sports in San Francisco Bay Area Newspapers" (Greg Mellen and Patricia Coleman); "Naming Rape Victims and Survivors: A U.S. Newsroom Policy Study, 2000" (Kim E. Karloff); "Portrayals of Wife Abuse in the 'New York Times,' 1915 & 1925" (Ginger L. Park); "A Descriptive Analysis of NBC's Coverage of the 2000 Summer Olympics" (C. A. Tuggle, Suzanne Huffman, and Dana Scott Rosengard); "Title IX Babies, Sports Media and Attitudes toward Women in Sports and Society" (Paula Whatley Matabane and Bishetta D. Merritt); "Home Court Disadvantage?: Examining the Coverage of Female Athletes on Leading Sports Websites--A Pilot Study" (Tara M. Kachgal); and "Resuscitating Feminist Audience Studies: Revisiting the Politics of Representation and Resistance" (Radhika E. Parameswaran). (RS)

The Magazine Division section of the proceedings contains the following seven papers: "Farm Magazine Advertisers Turn Up the Heat: An Analysis of Ethical Pressures Faced by Farm Magazine Writers" (Stephen A. Banning and James Evans); "Framing a War: Photographic Coverage of the Kosovo War in Newsweek, Time, and U.S. News & World Report" (Nikolina Sajn, Kwangjun Heo and Sarah Merritt); "The Amazing Magazines of Hugo Gernsback" (Jonathan Thornton); "Hidden Under a Bushel: A Study of the Thriving World of Religious Magazines" (Ken Waters); "A Comparison of Magazine Summer Olympic Coverage by Gender and Race: A Content Analysis of 'Sports Illustrated'" (Jim Mack); "'Pearl Harbor of the Cold War': Coverage of Post-Sputnik Science Reforms in Four National Magazines" (Timothy E. Bajkiewicz); and "Lillian Ross: Pioneer of Literary Journalism" (James W. Tankard, Jr.). (RS)

The Commission on the Status of Women section of the Proceedings contains the following five papers: "Women as Sources: Gender Patterns in Framing the News" (Lynn M. Zoch and Judy VanSlyke Turk); "Gender Bias in Newspaper Coverage of the 1996 Olympic Games: A Content Analysis of Five Major Dailies" (Katherine N. Kinnick); "Evaluating the Public Information Function: How Media Agents Framed the Silicone Breast Implant Controversy" (Julie Andsager and Leiott Smiley); "Cyber-Wimmin: Co-Opting the Dominant Discourse" (B. Carol Eaton); and "How Do Our Daughters Grow?: Adolescent Socialization Messages in Selected Print and Electronic Media" (Betsy Robertson). Individual papers contain references. (RS)

This paper begins with a discussion of terminology and of the distinctions between bodybuilding, powerlifting, and weightlifting. Weightlifting is presented as the only weight training-associated sport in the Olympic Games. The overhead movements and bodyweight classes involved in the sport are described, and advantages of free weight training are outlined. The paper emphasizes that training programs designed for bodybuilding, which utilize high repetitions and emphasize isolated muscles/muscle groups, do not replicate natural body movements which entail the sequential and simultaneous recruitment of many muscles. Coaches, trainers, and fitness instructors need to be knowledgeable about weight training in order to design training programs that simulate human movement patterns and contribute to the development of functional strength. An appended list of resources for further information lists a strength-training consultant, two organizations, and three publications. A chart displays a yearly plan of training for resident athletes of the United States Weightlifting Federation, and activities are listed for a typical training week for a female weightlifter in the preparation phase and the competition phase. (JDD)

Studying the Olympics can be useful in educating elementary and secondary students to the roles women have played as athletic competitors, sports administrators, and in sports governance. Study of the Olympics can provide educational experiences which: (1) provide a picture of challenges at all levels of sport under which women have been forced to operate in the past; (2) indicate opportunities to eliminate biases against women; and (3) help in eliminating stereotypes. Contents of an educational program might include: exposure to the growth in the number of female athletic participants from 1896 (the birth of modern Olympics); examination of the roles which various national sports governing bodies have played in the advancement of women; study of the Olympic Charter in light of the absence of any sex discrimination clause; introduction to growth in the number of women in areas of governance; study of the differences in the treatment of women in different countries; and an awareness of what is currently being done to open doors of opportunity for women at the Olympic level. Several programs adaptable to elementary and secondary students, published under sponsorship of the U.S. Olympic Committee, are noted. (LL)

Arguing that there is still no single, noncontroversial foundation on which the world's present multi-structure of ethics can be built, this paper examines a scientific ethics approach. It is postulated that in North American culture, the approach to instruction in ethics for youth is haphazard at best. Society does not provide an adequate means whereby a young person can bridge the gap between an implicit, developing ethical sense of life, and there is no emphasis on what should in maturity become a sounder, more explicit approach to the making of ethical decisions about life in which sport and physical activity is a part. After briefly presenting the extant major ethical routes available to the reasoning adult in the Western world, application of scientific method through pragmatic ethical analysis is explained. The use of professional basketball players to make up the United States Olympic squad in Barcelona in 1992, in an effort to win the gold medal, points out how far the International Olympic Committee has strayed from the earlier amateur ideal. The theoretical basis for a scientific ethics approach is applied to the amateur-semiprofessional-professional controversy in sport as an example in the belief that such an approach could assist evolving North American democratic society today. (Author/LL)

This book presents a selection of papers from the annual, international, interdisciplinary conference of the World Association for Case Method Research & Application. Papers are categorized into six areas: (1) "Case Studies and Research" (e.g., subjectivity as a source of insight in case study research, evolution of a teaching case, and preserving the individual case in behavioral research); (2) "Innovative Resources and Case Method Teaching" (e.g., mentoring in the academy, managing diversity in colleges of agriculture, and accountability cases); (3) "Web-based Projects and On-Line Learning" (e.g., teaching and learning online, online instruction via a dynamic roving community, and distance education in business schools); (4) "Case Writing and Use in Various Settings" (e.g., developing gender-based cases, cases from the theory of inverse problems in mathematics, and the power of questions in second language case discussions); (5) "Various Case Method Applications" (e.g., total quality management in education, options for describing individuals in cases, and making simple but effective presentations); and (6) "International Case Studies" (e.g., the event as a case study, better preparation for case discussion using Internet tools, and accounting for intangible assets in partnerships). (SM)

This book presents a selection of papers from the international, interdisciplinary conference of the World Association for Case Method Research & Application. Papers are categorized into seven areas: (1) "International Case Studies" (e.g., event-based entrepreneurship, case studies on consumer complaints, and strategic quality management in an internationalized university department); (2) "Teaching Change Across Disciplines" (e.g., student-designed board games, interdisciplinary collaboration to improve instruction, and case method for applying spreadsheets in computer engineering education); (3) "Internet Technology and Teaching and Learning" (e.g., Internet marketing, distance education, and the role of case studies in studying computer technology in education); (4) "Classroom Models and Innovative Approaches" (e.g., case methods in environmental impact, case study in business calculus classes, and audit evidence); (5) "Case Studies, Simulations, and the Learning Process" (e.g., the virtual case, the entrepreneurial creative case method, and case studies in agriculture teaching and learning); (6) "Assessing Benefits and Differences" (e.g., differences in assessment of case studies, assessment of faculty perceptions, and women in international business case studies); and (7) "Building Bridges" (e.g., conducting a case-based inter-university faculty exchange, research in developing countries, and teaching business ethics in international courses). (SM)

A study was conducted to describe the extent and dimensions of televised messages about nation, culture, and the Olympics, comparing them across three broadcast systems in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The study was based on complete opening ceremony telecasts by NBC in America, Australia's Network TEN, and the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). Data were gathered on important audio and visual dimensions of the broadcasts. The three major components of the ceremony as planned by the event organizers were: (1) the obligatory Olympic rituals and gestures as defined by the Olympic Charter; (2) the entry/exit of the athletes; and (3) cultural performances including music, dance and demonstrations. Findings indicated that all of the opening ceremony telecasts conveyed an emphasis on both nation and Olympic-style internationalism. A second general finding was that the three broadcast systems offered viewers different constructions of the Seoul opening ceremony. Results also indicated that, despite varied constructions and interpretations of the ceremony, South Korea's overall image portrayal across three opening ceremony telecasts was positive. The empirical evidence presented provides strong confirmation that television constructs the Olympic spectacle into multiple realities and that it does so with profound implications for images of nation, culture and the Olympic movement. (Four figures and four tables of data are included. One appendix, showing the "story units" of the opening telecast, and 39 references are attached.) (MG)