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Agriculture is a top priority both for Romania and the European Union. Agriculture can largely benefit from the Earth Observation data freely available from the Sentinel 2 satellites within the context of the Copernicus program. The validation and correlation of satellite measurements with the in-situ measured data are extremely important for the correct exploitation of the remote sensing data. One way to foster satellite and in-situ data is to use Artificial Intelligence models and tools for extracting useful information for farmers and landowners. In this article, we identify the current needs in the agricultural domain as well as various aspects where innovation can occur in the data processing chain. We focus on convolutional neural networks as this type of deep learning model is perfectly suited for the analysis of images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper emphasized the evolution of trichinellosis in man and animals during the last two decades in Romania. Between 1983 and 1993, human cases with Trichinella increased from 217 to 3,649. A similar evolution was observed in pigs. This situation was caused by the large spread of trichinellosis from big "industrial" farms. Complex chemoprophylaxis and treatment-chemoprophylaxis gave some positive results to control trichinellosis in pig.

Three-components suspension, based on a mixture of titania (TiO2)-silica (SiO2)-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) is prepared and used for surface consolidation of historical andesite stone and mortar. For comparison, monoand bi-component suspensions are also involved in this study. In order to increase the attachment capacity of GO to substrate with silicon, GO functionalized with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (GO-APTES) was involved. Unmodified and modified by painting with prepared suspensions andesite and mortar samples were investigated by microscopy (Optic and SEM-EDX), XRD, FT-IR and Raman spectra before and after 6 months of exposure to ambient conditions. After investigation, even the amount of used consolidant suspension was low, the stability of the modified samples was found that remains constant and in a long time it is possibly to reach even a higher stability level. This approach provides the idea that the prepared suspension could be an interesting option to be involved in stone and mortar consolidation-restoration field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are vital dietary elements that play a significant role in human nutrition. They are highly regarded for their positive contributions to overall health and well-being. Beyond the fact that they provide a substantial supply of energy to the body (a role that saturated fats can also perform), these unsaturated fatty acids and, especially, the essential ones are involved in cell membrane structure, blood pressure regulation, and coagulation; participate in the proper functioning of the immune system and assimilation of fat-soluble vitamins; influence the synthesis of pro- and anti-inflammatory substances; and protect the cardiovascular system. Modern diets like the Western diet and the American diet are rich in saturated fats found especially in fast food products, sweets, and processed foods, a fact that has led to an increase in the prevalence of metabolic diseases worldwide (obesity, type II diabetes, gout, cardiovascular disease). Nutritionists have drawn attention to the moderate consumption of saturated fats and the need to increase the intake of unsaturated fats to the detriment of saturated ones. This paper examines the biochemical roles of polyunsaturated fats, particularly essential fatty acids, and contrasts their benefits with the detrimental effects of saturated fat overconsumption. Furthermore, it highlights the necessity for dietary shifts towards increased PUFA intake to mitigate the global burden of diet-related health issues. The co-occurrence of PUFAs and polyphenols in plant-based foods highlights the sophistication of nature's design. These bioactive compounds are not randomly distributed but are present in foods humans have consumed together historically. From traditional diets like the Mediterranean, which pairs olive oil (PUFAs and polyphenols) with vegetables and legumes, to Asian cuisines combining sesame seeds with turmeric, cultural practices have long harnessed this natural synergy.

Advances in cardiovascular imaging have expanded the scope and precision of rare diagnoses. Handling a patient with a giant left atrium, we focused on the existence and associated factors of "lone giant (left or right) atria" in our clinical setting. The aim of the current study was to establish reasonable cut-off values for the diagnosis of "giant atrium". Our analysis utilised echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging databases, with the original data re-assessed to ensure consistency and comparability. Four patients met the search criteria, with two cases requiring CMR to confirm the diagnosis of "giant atrium", correcting the initial echocardiographic assessment. Both echocardiography and CMR excel in the assessment of atrial anatomy, although the superior image quality and multiplanar capabilities of CMR support its preference. In assessing the atrial size, the use of 3D volumetric measurements should replace traditional biplane methods due to the complex anatomy of the atrium. We propose the use of an indexed volume threshold (>120 mL/m 2 ) rather than simple diameter measurements for the diagnosis of "giant atria". Structural atrial abnormalities appear to correlate with an increased risk of atrial arrhythmias, while potential serious complications such as thromboembolism or compression symptoms require further observation in larger patient cohorts to establish definitive risks.

An evaluation of the behavioral risk factors that contribute to the incidence and evolution of cancer in oncology patients was conducted through a cross-sectional study using a questionnaire completed by 206 patients (101 men and 105 women) diagnosed with various types of cancer. These patients were selected from different oncology centers in Romania, located in Bucharest and Constanta. Among the respondents, 91 are of normal weight, 12 are underweight, 62 are overweight, and 41 are obese, with overweight individuals predominating ( p = 0.799). Regarding the presence of behavioral risk factors that can aggravate oncological pathology, it is found that 10 respondents consume alcohol daily, 36 consume it weekly with varying frequencies ( p = 0.012), 26 respondents smoke excessively daily, and 12 respondents smoke 1-2 cigarettes daily ( p = 0.438). Additionally, 40 respondents rarely engage in physical activity, and 71 respondents do not engage in physical activity at all as they do not typically participate in sports ( p = 0.041). Thus, respondents with colon cancer tend to consume sweets, pastries and even fast food or fried foods more often, while the daily consumption of vegetables and fruits is insufficient, according to the recommendations of nutrition guidelines (a minimum of four portions per day). The analysis found that smoking and excessive alcohol consumption were associated with an increased incidence of lung and liver cancer. The lack of regular physical activity was identified as a risk factor for breast and colon cancer. An unhealthy diet, characterized by a low consumption of fruits and vegetables and high intake of processed foods, was correlated with a higher incidence of colorectal cancer. Additionally, non-adherence to medical advice was associated with poorer clinical outcomes and faster disease progression. The majority of respondents who declared that they did not feel an improvement in their state of health in the last period were among those who stated that they did not fully comply with the oncologist's recommendations. Identifying and modifying behavioral risk factors can play a crucial role in cancer prevention and in improving the prognosis and quality of life of cancer patients.

Background: The long-term consumption of junk food products can lead to nutritional and metabolic imbalances, especially when it is associated with a lack of physical activity and the consumption of alcohol or other high-calorie products., Methods: The evaluation of junk food consumption among teenagers and young people in Romania was carried out with the help of a cross-sectional study based on a questionnaire., Results: A total number of 1017 respondents participated in this study, comprising 470 males and 547 females aged between 16 and 25 years. Although the majority of young people fell into the normal-weight category (607 of them, p < 0.0001), some aspects can be noted that in the long term can produce a series of nutritional imbalances: an increased tendency toward sedentarism, with 553 ( p = 0.613) of the respondents declaring that they performed sports rarely or not at all, and a tendency toward relatively high consumption of foods high in calories (fast food products and especially fried potatoes, hamburgers, shawarma, pastries, and snacks, along with sweetened drinks and even alcoholic beverages). The respondents participating in this study even indicated a perceived addiction to the consumption of certain products: coffee (50.48%), fried potatoes (38.9%), hamburgers (37.05%), shawarma (31.65%), and snacks (30.08%). Many of these products are rich in calories, saturated fat, and even trans fat., Conclusions: This study highlights a series of aspects that can have long-term negative effects related to the excess weight associated with other imbalances: consumption preferences among young people for hypercaloric fast food products, sweetened drinks associated with reduced physical activity, and even the development of some forms of food addictions for a series of hypercaloric foods.

This review scrutinizes the intricate interplay between the microbiome and the human body, exploring its multifaceted dimensions and far-reaching implications. The human microbiome, comprising diverse microbial communities inhabiting various anatomical niches, is increasingly recognized as a critical determinant of human health and disease. Through an extensive examination of current research, this review elucidates the dynamic interactions between the microbiome and host physiology across multiple organ systems. Key topics include the establishment and maintenance of microbiota diversity, the influence of host factors on microbial composition, and the bidirectional communication pathways between microbiota and host cells. Furthermore, we delve into the functional implications of microbiome dysbiosis in disease states, emphasizing its role in shaping immune responses, metabolic processes, and neurological functions. Additionally, this review discusses emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating the microbiome to restore host-microbe homeostasis and promote health. Microbiota fecal transplantation represents a groundbreaking therapeutic approach in the management of dysbiosis-related diseases, offering a promising avenue for restoring microbial balance within the gut ecosystem. This innovative therapy involves the transfer of fecal microbiota from a healthy donor to an individual suffering from dysbiosis, aiming to replenish beneficial microbial populations and mitigate pathological imbalances. By synthesizing findings from diverse fields, this review offers valuable insights into the complex relationship between the microbiome and the human body, highlighting avenues for future research and clinical interventions.

This state-of-the-art review explores the emerging field of regenerative hydrogels and their profound impact on the treatment of skin wounds. Regenerative hydrogels, composed mainly of water-absorbing polymers, have garnered attention in wound healing, particularly for skin wounds. Their unique properties make them well suited for tissue regeneration. Notable benefits include excellent water retention, creating a crucially moist wound environment for optimal healing, and facilitating cell migration, and proliferation. Biocompatibility is a key feature, minimizing adverse reactions and promoting the natural healing process. Acting as a supportive scaffold for cell growth, hydrogels mimic the extracellular matrix, aiding the attachment and proliferation of cells like fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Engineered for controlled drug release, hydrogels enhance wound healing by promoting angiogenesis, reducing inflammation, and preventing infection. The demonstrated acceleration of the wound healing process, particularly beneficial for chronic or impaired healing wounds, adds to their appeal. Easy application and conformity to various wound shapes make hydrogels practical, including in irregular or challenging areas. Scar minimization through tissue regeneration is crucial, especially in cosmetic and functional regions. Hydrogels contribute to pain management by creating a protective barrier, reducing friction, and fostering a soothing environment. Some hydrogels, with inherent antimicrobial properties, aid in infection prevention, which is a crucial aspect of successful wound healing. Their flexibility and ability to conform to wound contours ensure optimal tissue contact, enhancing overall treatment effectiveness. In summary, regenerative hydrogels present a promising approach for improving skin wound healing outcomes across diverse clinical scenarios. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the benefits, mechanisms, and challenges associated with the use of regenerative hydrogels in the treatment of skin wounds. In this review, the authors likely delve into the application of rational design principles to enhance the efficacy and performance of hydrogels in promoting wound healing. Through an exploration of various methodologies and approaches, this paper is poised to highlight how these principles have been instrumental in refining the design of hydrogels, potentially revolutionizing their therapeutic potential in addressing skin wounds. By synthesizing current knowledge and highlighting potential avenues for future research, this review aims to contribute to the advancement of regenerative medicine and ultimately improve clinical outcomes for patients with skin wounds.

This evaluation of the impact of behavioral risk factors on the incidence of urinary infections was based on a questionnaire in which 1103 respondents, predominantly women (883), participated. From the statistical processing of the data, it was observed that 598 of the respondents were of normal weight; the rest, more than half, were underweight or overweight (χ 2 = 32.46, p < 0.001), with male respondents being predominantly overweight or obese (169 out of a total of 220). Most of the respondents were young (χ 2 = 15.45, p < 0.001), under the age of 45 (840). According to the processed data, it was found that respondents in the age group of 26-35 years showed the greatest vulnerability to recurrent urinary infections, while the age group of 18-25 years recorded the highest number of responses related to the rare presence or even absence of episodes of urinary infections. A body weight-related vulnerability was also noted among the respondents; the majority of obese people declared that they face frequent episodes of urinary infections. Regarding diet quality, 210 respondents reported an adherence to an unhealthy diet, 620 to a moderately healthy diet, and 273 to a healthy diet. Of the respondents who adhered to a healthy diet, 223 were women (χ 2 = 2.55, p = 0.279). There was a close connection between diet quality and the frequency of urinary infections: from the statistical processing of the data, it was observed that the highest percentage of respondents who rarely (57.14%) or never got urinary infections (29.30%) were among those who adhered to a healthy diet, and the highest percentage of those who declared that they often got urinary infections were among those with increased adherence to an unhealthy diet (χ 2 = 13.46, p = 0.036). The results of this study highlight a strong impact of obesity, reduced consumption of fruit and vegetables, and sedentary lifestyle on the risk of recurring urinary infections.

The range of non-alcoholic drinks is very varied both from a compositional point of view and from a caloric and nutritional point of view. The excessive consumption of sweetened non-alcoholic beverages represents an important risk factor for health, especially when it is accompanied by an unbalanced diet and a disordered lifestyle. In order to evaluate the consumption of non-alcoholic beverages correlated with the evaluation of the main lifestyle factors that can affect the state of health among Romanians, a cross-sectional observational study was carried out based on a questionnaire. The results of the study indicate that among the most consumed non-alcoholic drinks are coffee and sweetened carbonated and non-carbonated drinks, which are indicated as being responsible for the development of consumption addictions: 44% for coffee, 16.5% for sweetened or tonic carbonated drinks and 12% for sweetened non-carbonated drinks. Considering that the consumption of coffee is usually associated with sweeteners, there is a risk of excessive caffeine and caloric intake in a context where a lack of exercise predominates (59.98%) among respondents declaring that they do sports rarely or not at all, which can lead, in the long term, to the appearance of imbalances either of a psycho-emotional nature or of a metabolic nature. A significant link was found between sports activity and the environment in which they work (χ 2 = 51.33, p = 0.05). Respondents with a daily activity that involves movement (working outdoors, working on a construction site) are also those who usually do sports, while 60.67% of the respondents who work a lot in front of the computer declared that they do sports very rarely or not at all. Reducing the excessive consumption of sweetened drinks can be achieved through an appropriate consumption of water and fruits and by intensifying physical activity as a way of counterbalancing the excess caloric intake.

Premature aging and degradative processes are mainly generated by unhealthy habits and an unbalanced diet. Quality of food and lifestyle are important factors in sano-genesis. Many imbalances and ailments have their origin in the adoption of an unbalanced diet and a disordered lifestyle. With the help of a transversal study carried out on the basis of a questionnaire, the consumption of junk food products among the population of Romania was evaluated; at the same time, an evaluation of the characteristics of the associated diet, as well as a series of lifestyle components (quality of rest, physical activity, evaluation of the state of health) was carried out. The data collected and processed indicate an increased tendency to consume junk food products in the 18-23 age group, and especially among obese respondents. Female respondents show a lower tendency toward an increased consumption of junk food products (OR = 0.703, 95% CI)-0.19-0.95, p = 0.011) compared to male respondents. The most consumed junk food products are fried potatoes (46.2%) and pastries (41.4%). Junk food products that show an increased tendency toward consumption addiction are fried potatoes (13.8%), sweets (12.4%), pastry products (11.1%), and sweetened drinks (11.2%). The poor quality of food from a nutritional point of view, and reduced physical activity, are reflected in the varied range of problems faced by the respondents: states of fatigue (62.4%), nervousness (37.5%), depression, anxiety, emotional eating, etc.

The traditional knowledge about the therapeutic and nutritional value of fish has been unanimously recognized among the population since ancient times. So, thanks to the therapeutic virtues of these marine animals, it was possible to develop therapies for certain pathologies as well as the use of bioactive compounds as adjunctive therapies incorporated into the treatment regimen of patients. In the present study, stingray liver oil from wild species collected from the Romanian coast of the Black Sea was isolated and analyzed. Fatty acid analysis was performed by gas chromatography. The analysis of the distribution of fatty acids in the composition of stingray liver oil indicates a ratio of 2.83 of omega 3 fatty acids to omega 6, a ratio of 1.33 of polyunsaturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids, an iodine index of 111.85, and a total percentage of 68.98% of unsaturated fatty acids. Stingray liver oil was used to evaluate the healing action after preparing a fatty ointment. According to the experimental data, a complete regeneration capacity of the wounds was noted in 12 days without visible signs. Four emulgels with stingray liver oil were formulated and analyzed from a rheological and structural point of view in order to select the optimal composition, after which the anti-inflammatory effect on inflammation caused in laboratory rats was studied and an anti-inflammatory effect was found significant (a maximum inhibitory effect of 66.47% on the edemas induced by the 10% kaolin suspension and 65.64% on the edemas induced by the 6% dextran solution).

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality in Europe, with potentially more than 60 million deaths per year, with an age-standardized rate of morbidity-mortality higher in men than women, exceeding deaths from cancer. Heart attacks and strokes account for more than four out of every five CVD fatalities globally. After a patient overcomes an acute cardiovascular event, they are referred for rehabilitation to help them to restore most of their normal cardiac functions. One effective way to provide this activity regimen is via virtual models or telerehabilitation, where the patient can avail themselves of the rehabilitation services from the comfort of their homes at designated timings. Under the funding of the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation program, grant no 769807, a virtual rehabilitation assistant has been designed for elderly patients (vCare), with the overall objective of supporting recovery and an active life at home, enhancing patients' quality of life, lowering disease-specific risk factors, and ensuring better adherence to a home rehabilitation program. In the vCare project, the Carol Davila University of Bucharest (UMFCD) was in charge of the heart failure (HF) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) groups of patients. By creating a digital environment at patients' homes, the vCare system's effectiveness, use, and feasibility was evaluated. A total of 30 heart failure patients and 20 ischemic heart disease patients were included in the study. Despite the COVID-19 restrictions and a few technical difficulties, HF and IHD patients who performed cardiac rehabilitation using the vCare system had similar results compared to the ambulatory group, and better results compared to the control group.

Long-duration space flight missions impose extreme physiological stress and/or changes, such as musculoskeletal function degradation, on the crew due to the microgravity exposure. A great deal of research studies have been conducted in order to understand these physiological stress influences and to provide countermeasures to minimize the observed negative effects of weightlessness exposure on musculoskeletal function. Among others, studies and experiments have been conducted in DI analogue Earth-based facilities in order to reproduce the weightlessness negative effects on the human body. This paper presents a complex muscular analysis of mechanical wave propagation in striated muscle, using MusTone, a device developed in-house at the Institute of Space Science, Romania. The data were collected during a 21-day DI campaign in order to investigate muscle fibers' behavior in longitudinal direction, after applying a mechanical impulse, taking into account two particular parameters, namely propagation velocity and amortization ratio. The parameters were determined based on the wave-propagation data collected from five points (one impact point, two distal direction points, and two proximal direction points) along the muscle fiber. By statistically analyzing propagation velocity and amortization ratio parameters, the study revealed that muscle deconditioning is time dependent, the amortization ratio is more significant in the distal direction, and the lower fibers are affected the most.

This is a case report of a 5.6 cm glomangioma supplied by the femoral profunda artery in a 66-year-old male patient with severe peripheral artery disease. The patient complained of discomfort and mild pain at the place of the lesion and an accelerated growth rate in the last two months. A nodular mass located laterally on the left foot, elastic, covered with a thin skin, and mobile, was noted on the clinical exam. Doppler exam demonstrated an active vascular supply. CT angiography showed a femoral profunda artery blood supply and a severe asymptomatic bilateral peripheral artery disease (PAD). The lesion was removed entirely by surgery. A microscopy exam revealed a glomangioma. After surgery, the patient recovered unevenly. However, the patient experienced wound-healing issues that resolved after four weeks of surgery. Although the patient's PAD was severe, the lesion presented with a burst in dimensions weeks before surgery.

Matrix Gla protein (MGP), a local inhibitor of tissue mineralization, is associated with vascular calcification. Depending on the carboxylation and phosphorylation status, MGP has active conformations, e.g., carboxylated MGP (cMGP) and phosphorylated MGP (pMGP), but also inactive conformations, e.g., uncarboxylated MGP (ucMGP) and dephosphorylated MGP (dpMGP). Our purpose was to assess the presence of all MGP conformations in healthy veins (HV) and varicose veins (VV), concurrently with the analysis of circulating total MGP (tMGP) before and after the surgical stripping of VV. We collected samples from the great saphenous vein, considered as control group, and tissue from VV, designated as VV group. Plasma levels of tMGP were significantly decreased after the surgical removal of the VV (before 59.5 ± 17.2 vs. after 38.1 ± 11.3, p < 0.001). By using immunohistochemistry staining, we identified local cMGP and pMGP in the control and VV groups, both without calcification, while ucMGP and dpMGP were absent. cMGP was observed in the nucleus and cytoplasm and pMGP in the nucleus of cells belonging to the tunica media, tunica intima and vasa vasorum. Therefore, the active conformations of MGP (cMGP and pMGP) are prevalent in HV and VV without calcification, affirming their anti-calcifying role in veins.

Background: Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most common surgical procedures in man. Immediate postoperative pain is an important issue that can delay hospital discharge. Besides, the presence of chronic pain after herniorrhaphy, which can affect up to 50% of patients, is a growing concern. However information regarding the precise etiological factors of this chronic postoperative pain is lacking. One factor thought to contribute to post herniorrhaphy chronic pain is the surgical procedure for inguinal hernia repair used by the surgeon., Materials and Method: The study was conducted over a period of 5 years and included 1000 consecutive patients operated with inguinal hernia. Each patients completed a questionnaire about the presence or absence of pain or sensory disorders. After completed only 365 of patients remains in the study. From this patients, a total of 38 had different intensity of pain. From those, 13% were operated through an tissular procedure, whereas the laparoscopic procedure was responsible only for 7% of the patients with chronic postoperative pain. Most of the patients had mild or moderate pain and only one patient experienced severe pain. According to the type of procedure performed, in 25 patients were used the tissular procedure and only 12 patients with laparoscopic hernia repair had chronic pain., Conclusion: The etiology of chronic groin pain post hernia repair is related in part to nerve injury. This is supported by the high frequency of sensory symptoms and numbness in these patients. However other factors including the role of tissue injury and inflammatory postoperative changes need to be considered., Key Words: Chronic postoperative pain, Inguinal hernia repair, Open surgery, Laparoscopic surgery.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major public health burden worldwide, despite increased knowledge on its pathogenesis and advances in therapy. We aimed to evaluate a new histological grading system based on poorly differentiated clusters (PDCs) counting - the PDCs grade (PDCs-G), and its clinicopathological and prognostic significance, compared to the World Health Organisation (WHO) grading system (WHO grade). We reviewed 71 surgical resection specimens for CRC from the Emergency County Hospital "Pius Brînzeu" Timisoara. The cases were graded using the WHO grade and the PDCs-G, with further analysis of their association with the other recognised prognostic parameters. Using the WHO grade, 9% of the analysed cases were G1, 80% G2, 11% G3, and none of the tumours was graded G4, while in the PDCs-G 16% were G1, 45% G2, and 39% G3. In multivariate analysis PDCs-G was significantly associated with the American Joint Committee on Cancer stage of the disease (AJCC stage) (p = 0.0003), depth of invasion (pT) (p = 0.0084), nodal status (LNM) (p < 0.0001), lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (p < 0.0001), perineural invasion (PNI) (p < 0.0052), and tumour border configuration (p < 0.0001). The novel grading system based on PDCs counting is an additional histological tool in the evaluation of CRC and a promising new prognostic factor for these patients.

Infections after vascular reconstructions are very rare; however, when they occur, they are associated with a high risk of morbidity. In order to obtain the best results possible, the treatment needs to be initiated as early as possible, from the very first signs of infection, and it needs to be carried out in centers specializing in vascular surgery. The aim of the present study was to assess the incidence of infections in a single university center.This retrospective analysis over a 2-year period is based on the medical reports of hospitalized patients who were diagnosed with infection following revascularization.From 2013 to 2014, a number of 151 open reconstructive surgical procedures were performed. 15 patients suffered from infection (10%) of the vascular reconstruction. Of these patients, 40% have had an aorto-bifemoral bypass, 53%-a femoro-popliteal bypass, and 7% (n = 1)-an axillo-femoral bypass. According to the Samson classification, the patients were categorized as follows: group 2: 6 cases, group 3: 2 cases, group 4: 4 cases, and group 5: 3 cases. The most frequent bacteria found were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (n = 6, 40%), followed by S aureus (n = 5, 33%). The treatment options were: application of antibiotics alone without any invasive treatment in 3 patients, local irrigation and debridement in 6 patients, complete explantation of the prosthesis with a new extra-anatomic bypass in 6 cases, and partial excision of the prosthesis, which was replaced and covered with muscle flap, in 3 cases. The amputation rate in our study was 18%, which corresponds to the rates published in the literature.The treatment of infections in vascular surgery needs to be complex and adapted to each individual patient, because infections being in a permanent dynamic state. The treatment needs to be performed in specialized centers that have large experience in vascular surgery, in order for the patient to have the best chances of survival and protection from amputation.

Background: Acute cholecystitis is still frequent in emergency surgical departments. As surgical technique, nowadays laparoscopy is widely used and with low complications and with low postoperative morbidity., Material and Methods: We perform an analytical study about the safety of laparoscopic surgery in patients with acute cholecystitis in a single Surgical Department with an experience of over 20 years in laparoscopic surgery. We included 193 patient admitted in our department during 2014 and 2015., Results: Of the 193 patients, 43% were diagnosed with acute lithiasic cholecystitis (ALC) whereas 56% had chronic lithiasic cholecystitis (CLC). We assessed the comorbidities of the patient via Pearson's Chi-Square test and we found out that there is a significant relationship between acute cholecystitis and high blood tension, obesity and diabetes. Surgical techniques performed were in 95% of cases laparoscopic cholecystectomy and only in 5% we performed open surgery., Discussions: Experienced surgeons have a lower conversion rate as compared to less experienced surgeons. For this reason, postoperative assessment criteria have been proposed, with a view to identify the risk of conversion CONCLUSION: In our study laparoscopic surgery for acute cholecystitis is a safe procedure with low intraoperative complication rate and with a reduced hospital stay., Key Words: Acute cholecystitis, Intraoperative adhesion, Intraoperative bleeding, Laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

The heterotopic transplantation of isolated colon segment was achieved in the cervical region, for to study the behaviour of the colon in this new situation. The study included 20 dogs from which there were taken segments of 10 cm length from, the left colon. Then was prepared the common carotid artery, superficial jugular vein and their branches. In 5 dogs the cervical esophagus was resected. Then was performed the transplant using micro-surgical techniques. In 15 dogs the colon was exteriorized at the skin and in 5 dogs the colon was placed between the ends of the esophagus. In 76% of cases the postoperative evolution was good. From the viable colon transplants were taken fragments for histologic examinations after 1, 2 respectively 4 weeks postoperative. The results obtained, recommend the colic transplant as a possible graft for repairing the cervical esophagus defects.