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Introduction: Skin aging, which results from intrinsic and extrinsic factors, is characterized by a rough, uneven and wrinkled appearance of the skin at the macroscopic level. At the microscopic level, aging shows lowered keratinocyte turnover, flattened dermal-epidermal junction and reduced collagen fiber density; however, use of skin biopsies to evaluate characteristic properties of these microscopic changes is too limiting for panelists and rarely used. The development of non-invasive techniques is an opportunity to be considered for such evaluations. Our objective was to demonstrate the rejuvenating effects of XEP™-716 Miniprotein™ on skin, a miniprotein having TGF-β beta-like properties, in vitro on normal human fibroblasts and at the clinical level. Methods: In vitro, the skin rejuvenation properties of XEP™-716 Miniprotein™ were studied by quantification of well-known dermal components such as collagen type I, hyaluronic acid and elastin. At the clinical level, we used a non-invasive technique, the confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) system, which enabled non-invasive morphological characterization of skin structures (stratum corneum thickness, viable epidermis, full epidermis, dermal-epidermal junction, papillae, dermal collagen density) and high-frequency ultrasonography to quantify the dermal density and thickness, which are useful parameters for quantifying rejuvenating effects on skin. Lastly, a cutometer was used to assess the skin's biomechanical properties, mainly firmness and elasticity. This monocentric double-blind, split-face, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial compared the active ingredient XEP™-716 Miniprotein™ in a vehicle on one hemiface versus vehicle alone on the other (placebo) and enrolled panelists aged 40 to 60 years old. All measurements were carried out on the malar area before and after 28 and 56 days of twice daily application of a cosmetic cream formulation containing either 2.5% or 5% XEP™-716 Miniprotein™. The skin rejuvenating properties were demonstrated by studying dermo-epidermal junction (DEJ) flattening reduction using the measure of two parameters by CLSM: the DEJ length and number of edged papillae. Dermis rejuvenation was assessed by measuring the collagen fiber perimeters (CLSM), dermal density and dermal thickness (ultrasonography). Results: The in vitro results confirmed the ability of XEP™-716 Miniprotein™ to stimulate the key extracellular macromolecules, namely collagen type I, hyaluronic acid and elastin, at a level comparable to that induced by TGF beta growth factor. The clinical data showed that after 28 and 56 days of topical XEP™-716 Miniprotein™ application, there was a statistically significant increase of DEJ length, number of edged papillae and collagen fiber perimeters. At the same time point, the B-scan images of facial skin showed a statistically significant increase of dermal density and thickness. These results reveal that the DEJ became more undulated and tightly attached to the dermis, while the papillary dermis was densified, both traits being typical characteristic of younger skin. Rejuvenation was also confirmed by an improvement of skin firmness and elasticity. Conclusion: The in vitro and clinical results presented in this article show that XEP™-716 Miniprotein™ is a potent ingredient to rejuvenate the DEJ and dermis of mature skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mono-n-hexyl phthalate (MnHexP) is a primary metabolite of di-n-hexyl phthalate (DnHexP) and other mixed side-chain phthalates that was recently detected in urine samples from adults and children in Germany. DnHexP is classified as toxic for reproduction category 1B in Annex VI of Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 and listed in Annex XIV of the European chemical legislation REACH; thereby, its use requires an authorisation. Health-based guidance values for DnHexP are lacking and a full-scale risk assessment has not been carried out under REACH. The detection of MnHexP in urine samples raises questions about the sources of exposure and concerns of consumer safety. Here, we propose the calculation of a provisional oral tolerable daily intake value (TDI) of 63 µg/kg body weight/day for DnHexP and compare it to intake levels corresponding to levels of MnHexP found in urine. The resulting mean intake levels correspond to less than 0.2% of the TDI, and maximum levels to less than 5%. The TDI was derived by means of an approximate probabilistic analysis using the credible interval from benchmark dose modelling of published ex vivo data on reduced foetal testosterone production in rats. Thus, for the dose associated to a 20% reduction in testosterone production, a lower and upper credible interval of 14.9 and 30.0 mg/kg bw/day, respectively, was used. This is considered a conservative approach, since apical developmental endpoints (e.g. changed anogenital distance) were only observed at higher doses. In addition, we modelled various scenarios of the exposure to the precursor substance DnHexP from different consumer products, taking measured contamination levels into account, and estimated systemic exposure doses. Of the modelled scenarios including the application of sunscreen (as a lotion or pump spray), the use of lip balm, and the wearing of plastic sandals, and considering conservative assumptions, the use of DnHexP-contaminated sunscreen was highlighted as a major contributing factor. A hypothetical calculation using conservative assumptions for the latter resulted in a margin of safety in relation to the lower credible interval of 3267 and 1007 for adults and young children, respectively. Most importantly, it was found that only a fraction of the TDI is reached in all studied exposure scenarios. Thus, with regard to the reported DnHexP exposure, a health risk can be considered very unlikely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Differences in the effects of cream‐type denture adhesives and home liners remain unclear. Objective: This cross‐sectional study aimed to clarify the differences in the oral‐hygiene status and masticatory performance between participants using cream‐type denture adhesives and those using home liners. Methods: Masticatory performance with and without cream‐type denture adhesives and home liners was evaluated using colour‐changeable chewing gum. Oral hygiene was assessed using the tongue coating index (TCI). Propensity‐score matching was performed using oral moisture, presence of palatal or mandibular protuberances, type of residual ridge, denture type (complete or partial denture), and denture retention as background factors. Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used to examine the differences in masticatory performance with and without cream‐type denture adhesives and home liners and differences in masticatory performance and TCI between the cream‐type denture adhesive and home‐liner groups. Results: This study included 38 and 40 cream‐type adhesive and home‐liner users, respectively, and 17 pairs were obtained after propensity‐score matching. The Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests showed that masticatory performance was significantly different with and without the use of home liners, and higher values were obtained with the use of home‐liners. However, the cream‐type denture adhesive and home‐liner groups showed no significant differences in terms of the change in masticatory performance with the use of them. Furthermore, Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests showed that TCI values were significantly high in the cream‐type adhesive group. Conclusion: The findings in this study suggest that home liners improve masticatory performance and that participants regularly using cream‐type denture adhesives have poorer oral hygiene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the postoperative infection and graft success rates, and the hearing improvement, after endoscopic cartilage underlay myringoplasty with versus without antibiotic ointment coating. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective case-control study. The clinical records of patients who underwent endoscopic cartilage underlay myringoplasty and who met the selection criteria were retrieved and divided based on middle ear packing status into groups with antibiotic ointment packing (AOP group) and with no antibiotic ointment packing (no-AOP group). The operation time, postoperative infection, graft success status, and hearing improvement were compared between the 2 groups. Results: Patients with 166 perforations constituted the AOP group, and patients with 141 perforations comprised the no-AOP group. At 3 months postoperatively, middle ear infections had occurred in 24 (14.5%) ears in the AOP group and 4 (2.8%) ears in the no-AOP group (P <.01). At 12 months postoperatively, the graft success rate was 81.3% in the AOP group and 97.9% in the no-AOP group (P <.01). No significant group differences were observed, preoperatively (P =.657) or postoperatively (P =.578), in the air-bone gap (ABG) values or mean ABG gains (P =.758). Conclusion: Middle ear packing without antibiotic ointment coating does not increase the postoperative infection rate or reduce the graft success rate after endoscopic cartilage underlay myringoplasty compared to antibiotic ointment coating. On the contrary, coating with antibiotic ointment increases the risk of postoperative infection given the complexity of middle ear manipulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing demand for effective cosmetics has driven the development of innovative analytical techniques to ensure product quality. This work presents the development and validation of a zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography method, coupled with ultraviolet detection, for the quantification of copper tripeptide in cosmetics. A novel protocol for sample preparation was developed using fabric phase sorptive extraction to extract the targeted analyte from the complex cosmetic cream matrix, followed by chromatographic separation on a ZIC®-pHILIC analytical column. A thorough investigation of the chromatographic behavior of the copper tripeptide on the HILIC column was performed during method development. The mobile phase consisted of 133 mM ammonium formate (pH 9, adjusted with ammonium hydroxide) and acetonitrile at a 40:60 (v/v) ratio, with a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. A design of experiments (DOE) approach allowed precise adjustments to various factors influencing the extraction process, leading to the optimization of the fabric phase sorptive extraction protocol for copper tripeptide analysis. The method demonstrated excellent linearity over a concentration range of 0.002 to 0.005% w/w for copper tripeptide, with a correlation coefficient exceeding 0.998. The limits of detection and quantitation were 5.3 × 10−4% w/w and 2.0 × 10−3% w/w, respectively. The selectivity of the method was verified through successful separation of copper tripeptide from other cream components within 10 min, establishing its suitability for high-throughput quality control of cosmetic formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review examines the pharmacology, efficacy and safety, dosage and administration, and place in therapy of the combination of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and calcipotriol for the treatment of actinic keratosis. Currently, 5% 5-FU topical cream is approved for actinic keratosis treatment, while calcipotriol is indicated for plaque psoriasis in adults. The typical administration of 5-FU involves topical application twice daily for up to 4 weeks, whereas calcipotriol is applied in a thin layer once or twice daily as directed by a physician. Adverse effects of 5-FU are primarily localized, including skin irritation, ulceration, pruritus, erythema, crusting, and eczematous reactions due to minimal systemic absorption. Calcipotriol may cause burning, itching, and skin irritation. This review details clinical trials that investigate the innovative approach of combining topical 5-FU with calcipotriol for actinic keratosis treatment, highlighting the significant outcomes. Notably, the clinical trials indicate that all participants experienced either a reduction in lesion size or complete lesion clearance, with minimal adverse effects impacting treatment success. The combination of 5-FU and calcipotriol effectively treats actinic keratosis by enhancing the immune response and targeting cell overgrowth, while reducing local site reactions and the lengthy treatment time often associated with existing therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Gabapentin is an antiepileptic drug that alleviates neuropathic pain. Its oral use reduces the intensity of pruritus in patients receiving chronic dialysis therapy. However, it could lead to toxicity because of the patients' renal deficiency. In this study, we assessed the use of gabapentin topical in treating pruritus in dialysis patients. Methods: This randomized, triple‐blinded trial was performed on 80 patients divided into two groups randomly (40 in each group). In intervention group, 92.5% of the patients were on hemodialysis. Patients in intervention and control groups were provided with 5% gabapentin and placebo topical creams every 2 weeks for a month. Both Visual Analog Scale and 12‐item Pruritus Severity Score questionnaire were used to evaluate itching intensity and score before treatment, a month, and 2 months after starting treatment in both groups. In addition, the effect of itching on quality of life was investigated with the same questionnaire. Findings: Eighty patients (40 in each group) participated in our study. No complication was found in our intervention group. Itching score significantly decreased after a month and 2 months of follow‐up in intervention group (p < 0.001). Discussion: Our results showed that 5% gabapentin topical cream can be effective in reducing itching in different areas of the body. None of our patients reported complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wound healing is a complex and coordinated process involving interactions between cells and various messenger systems. This study conducted in vivo tests to determine the healing effect of propolis (PR)-based cream derived from the Amazon stingless bee, Scaptotrigona aff. postica, reared in açaí (Euterpe oleracea) monoculture, on induced wounds in rats. Data were obtained by monitoring injuries on 14 Wistar rats, divided into three groups (G1, G2 and G3), each receiving specific treatments: propolis-based cream (PR), collagenase (PC) and neutral cream (NC). Over the seven days of treatment, the lesions were measured using photographic records and ImageJ software to evaluate the healing effectiveness of the test cream. ImageJ software version 1.53g was used to compare the wound diameters for each treatment. After seven days, histopathological analyses of the induced lesions were performed. It was observed that collagenase (PC) and the test cream (PR) did not differ significantly in terms of wound diameter reduction. However, the propolis-based cream directly influenced the lesion maturation process and exhibited a milder inflammatory response compared to the positive control (PC). This effect is possibly associated with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory compounds identified by GC/MS analysis in the propolis. Notably, this is the first report describing propolis of Scaptotrigona aff. postica obtained from açaí monocultures with strong healing potential, highlighting the identification of a high concentration of phenolic compounds that aid directly in wound repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Methods Results Conclusion Level of evidence This prospective study aimed to assess whether preoperative antiseptic skin cleansing reduces bacterial contamination and surgical site infections (SSI) following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). We hypothesized that antiseptic cleaning would lower bacterial load, reducing contamination and early infections.One hundred and nineteen patients scheduled for ACLR were included in this prospective, nonrandomized study. Individuals were divided into two groups. Patients in the intervention group applied octenisan® wash lotion daily for three days before surgery and used the wash solution instead of their usual shower gel. Additionally, they swiped their leg with octenisan® soaked gloves on the morning of the operation. The control group followed their usual wash routine with no specific instructions. Fluid samples were taken before surgery from the irrigation bag and at 15‐min intervals from the reservoir of the sterile surgical drape during the procedure. Suture material used for the ACL graft and meniscus repair were also collected for testing. The samples were subjected to a 14‐day incubation period. Follow‐up included outpatient visits at 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 6 months with a final evaluation at 12 months.Contamination rates showed no significant difference between the control and intervention groups. The mean contamination rate in the control group was 6.4% (n = 22) and 6.6% (n = 24) in the intervention group (p = 0.28). At 12‐month follow‐up, 110 out of 119 participants were included (52 control, 58 intervention). T tests for age (p = 0.19), BMI (p = 0.66), and surgery duration (p = 0.38) showed no significant differences. No early SSI were observed in either group postoperatively.Our results indicate that the use of antiseptic wash lotion and gloves does not influence the risk of bacterial contamination during surgery.Level III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the ritual instructions found in the Lamaštu series, which are used to cure a baby's illness caused by the demon Lamaštu. The rituals involve various steps, including incantations, anointing the baby with salves, and performing figurine rituals. The rituals aim to transfer the demon from the baby's body to figurines and then dispose of them in the wilderness. The article discusses the relationship between the instructions in the rubrics and the ritual tablet, as well as the organization of the ritual information and the intended recipient of the instructions. The ritual tablet provides additional details and steps not found in the rubrics, offering a different perspective on the ritual. Overall, the rituals are intended to protect and heal babies and provide a complete picture of the complex ritual when combined with the rubrics. [Extracted from the article]

Operating room fires are considered 'never events'; they are uncommon but can prove to be potentially damaging to the humans involved and the expensive operating room instrumentation. Research indicates that significant knowledge gaps exist in orthopaedic community relating to fire prevention, fire safety and fire management. A 24-year-old male patient with clavicle fracture was planned for surgical fixation. A nerve block procedure was performed. Skin preparation was done with 10% betadine scrub and surgical spirit. The surgical team performed skin incision, and superficial dissection was carried out using electrocautery. A fire broke out, and on noticing the fumes, saline was poured, drapes were removed and the authors observed charring of deeper linen and skin damage. A superficial thermal burn, greenish blue in colour (7 x 1.5 cms) located 1–1.5 cms above the surgical incision was evident (see Fig. 4). The event was later explained to the patient. The surgical scar was healthy, and burn margins became defined and darkish green blue. Dressing was done with megaheal ointment. The burn healed in 4 weeks. As these events are rare, a specific action protocol has not been orchestrated. With newer reports coming in, orthopaedic associations should work out a sustainable plan of action to minimize the occurrence of these events and the damage incurred. Training of orthopaedic and anaesthesia team and operating room personnel remains the most important step in countering a fire event, as more the helping hands, the better is the outcome. Maintaining a high vigil ensures timely action response to maintain patient safety and counter adverse events effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazil is the largest producer in the world of the species Agave sisalana, sisal. The residue of the sisal, which is the result of the extraction of fibers from its leaves, represents 95% of its weight. Considering that sisal leaves have high concentrations of sapogenins and aiming at a future phytotherapeutic, in this study, the alcoholic fraction of sisal, AFS, was developed, and the sapogenins were characterized. In vitro, the cytotoxicity (MTT) and the anti-inflammatory effect of AFS (phagocytosis and hemolysis inhibition) were evaluated. In vivo, the analgesic (formalin test—FT) and anti-inflammatory (paw edema test—PET) activities of AFS, orally, and the cream containing AFS, topical, were analyzed. The results demonstrated that AFS contains hecogenin and tigogenin and is not cytotoxic. In vitro, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/mL of AFS showed anti-inflammatory activity similar to the positive control (PC). In the FT, the dose of 25 mg/kg did not differ from the PC in the neurogenic phase (p > 0.05). In the PET, 25 and 50 mg/kg of AFS differed from the negative control (NC) (p < 0.05), and the cream with AFS (5 mg/g) showed activity similar to the PC. The therapeutic activities of AFS probably result from sapogenins. In the future, we expect to develop an anti-inflammatory from the thousands of tons of sisal waste discarded in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to formulate and evaluate an ointment incorporating Agave americana and Aloe vera extracts, known for their medicinal properties, particularly in skin care and wound healing. Preformulation studies, including purity analysis via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), confirmed the identity and compatibility of the herbal components. Qualitative phytochemical tests identified the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and saponins in the extracts. Ointments were prepared using various concentrations of Agave americana and Aloe vera with standard excipients. The physical properties of the ointments, such as spreadability, viscosity, homogeneity, and pH were assessed, demonstrating suitable consistency for topical application. The optimized ointment formulation exhibited a pH of 6.2, excellent spreadability (7.5 g.cm/sec) and high entrapment efficiency (84.5%). In vitro drug release studies demonstrated a sustained release of 78% over 24 hours, indicating a prolonged therapeutic effect. This research supports the potential of Agave americana and Aloe vera as effective components in herbal-based topical formulations for skin treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fungal infections present significant clinical challenges due to their diverse types and the increasing incidence of drug-resistant strains. Traditional antifungal treatments often encounter issues with penetration, efficacy and patient compliance. The study involves a comprehensive review of the structure and mechanism of transfersomes, their advantages over conventional and other nano carriers, and the integration of herbal extracts. Key aspects include improved skin penetration, enhanced bioavailability of herbal actives, and targeted delivery to infected areas. Transfersomes demonstrate significant benefits in antifungal therapy, including higher efficacy, faster symptom relief, reduced side effects and improved patient compliance. The enhanced penetration and stability of transfersomes facilitate a more effective delivery of herbal actives, making them a superior choice for topical treatments. The study also identifies areas for future research, such as optimizing formulation processes and exploring combination therapies to maximize therapeutic outcomes. Transfersomes represent a transformative advancement in the field of topical drug delivery. Their integration with herbal medicines offers a promising approach to addressing fungal infections more effectively. Future research should focus on clinical validation and further refinement of transfersome-based formulations to fully realize their potential in enhancing the management of fungal infections and other dermatological conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background Methods Results Conclusions The SkinMedica Acne Treatment Platform (SM Regimen) was formulated to treat acne without overdrying the skin. We evaluated efficacy and tolerability of the SM Regimen (including a novel 1% salicylic acid Acne Clarifying Cleanser and 2% salicylic acid Acne Treatment Lotion) versus a prescription formulation (Rx Regimen; including adapalene 0.1%/benzoyl peroxide 2.5%) in a diverse population of adults with mild to moderate facial acne.This single‐center, double‐blind, randomized study enrolled adults (18–45 years) with Fitzpatrick skin types (FST) I–VI. SM Regimen or Rx Regimen was applied topically to the entire face for 12 weeks. Assessments were conducted at 24 and 48 h and 4, 8, and 12 weeks.Subjects (SM Regimen, n = 31; Rx Regimen, n = 23) were primarily female (90.7%) with mean age of 28.6 years; 53.8% had FST IV–VI. Efficacy was comparable between regimens. The SM regimen resulted in significant improvements versus baseline in mean Investigator's Global Assessment of acne severity from 48 h through week 12 (p ≤ 0.001), as well as significant and sustained improvements from baseline in total acne lesion count, global postinflammatory hyperpigmentation/postinflammatory erythema, and oiliness. The SM Regimen was well tolerated at all time points, with mean scores below mild for all parameters; the Rx Regimen caused significantly more tightness/dry feeling at week 4 versus SM Regimen (p = 0.008). Subjects (> 96%) reported high satisfaction with the SM Regimen at all time points.The SM Regimen reduced acne severity and skin oiliness, evening out skin tone without overdrying or irritating the skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Topical therapy has been a fundamental part of dermatology, evolving from early ointments to advanced transdermal treatments. These formulations allow for effective management of skin conditions by maximizing local drug delivery and minimizing systemic effects. Modern topical therapies continue to benefit from innovations that improve both efficacy and patient outcomes. Summary: Topical formulations consist of a vehicle and active ingredients, with the vehicle enhancing drug absorption and patient experience. Historically categorized by physical properties, vehicles are vital in drug delivery. Recent innovations, such as nanoemulsions and derma-membrane structures, offer improved skin penetration and therapeutic results, representing significant advancements in topical treatment options. Key Messages: Topical therapies provide targeted, effective treatment in dermatology with minimal systemic side effects. Vehicle choice is essential to therapy success, and innovations such as nanoemulsions are improving drug delivery and patient care. Ongoing research into novel delivery systems continues to enhance the future of dermatological treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the face of increasing antifungal resistance among Candida albicans biofilms, this study explores the efficacy of a combined treatment using Kangbainian lotion (KBN) and miconazole nitrate (MN) to address this challenge. Methods: Using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS Analysis for Identification of Active Compounds in KBN Lotion; FICI for synergy evaluation, XTT and ROS assays for biofilm viability and oxidative stress, fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) for structural and viability analysis, and real-time fluorescence for gene expression. Conclusion: Our study indicates that the combined application of KBN and MN somewhat impacts the structural integrity of Candida albicans biofilms and affects the expression of several key genes involved in biofilm formation, including ALS1, ALS3, HWP1, HSP90, and CSH1. These preliminary findings suggest that there may be a synergistic effect between KBN and MN, potentially influencing not only the structural aspects of fungal biofilms but also involving the modulation of genetic pathways during their formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clascoterone is a new topical acne medication that reduces sebum production and inflammation. It has been approved for treating facial and truncal acne vulgaris in patients aged 12 and older. By competing with androgens for receptors, it prevents the activation of genes involved in acne development. Due to cost constraints, it is likely to be primarily used for facial acne. Clascoterone is well-tolerated and may be a good option for those with sensitive skin. It can be used alone or in combination with other acne treatments and is the only topical therapy that directly targets sebum production. A study found that a small percentage of adults and adolescents experienced suppression of the HPA axis while using clascoterone, but normal function returned after discontinuing treatment. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: Difamilast is the first selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor approved for atopic dermatitis (AD) in Japan. A phase 3, 52-week, open-label study is ongoing to establish efficacy and safety of difamilast ointments in infants with AD aged 3 to < 24 months because a clinical study has not been conducted in this population. Methods: This study consisted of a 4-week primary evaluation period in which difamilast 0.3% ointment was applied twice daily to Japanese infants aged 3 to < 24 months (n = 41) and an ongoing 48-week long-term extension period in which difamilast 0.3% or 1% ointment was applied based on existing symptoms. The data on efficacy and safety of difamilast were obtained as of an interim report in the study period. Results: The response rate in Investigator's Global Assessment score was 45.0% at week 1, which was maintained at 56.1% at week 4 and 63.4% at the interim report. Infants achieved the response rate in Eczema Area and Severity Index 75 (improvement of ≥ 75%) of 47.5% at week 1, which further improved to 82.9% at week 4 and 78.1% at the interim report. Adverse events (AEs) were reported in 22 (53.7%) infants in the primary evaluation period: of those the most frequent AE was nasopharyngitis (19.5%) followed by dermatitis contact (7.3%). As of the interim report, 36 (87.8%) infants experienced AEs: of those, nasopharyngitis (70.7%) and gastroenteritis (22.0%) were most frequently observed. The total AEs were mostly mild or moderate in severity. No investigational medicinal product-related AEs and no AEs leading to discontinuation were reported. Conclusion: Difamilast ointments applied twice daily to Japanese infants with AD aged 3 to < 24 months is effective and well tolerated as of the interim report in the study period. The final results will be reported in the near future. Clinical Trial Registration: Clinical Trials. gov identifier: NCT05372653. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review provides a detailed inventory analysis of the manufacturing process of a cosmetic cream using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and hydroxylated fullerene water complex (3HFWC) as novel nanocomponents for cream. The inventory analysis was focused on the evaluation of the two raw materials of the nanocomponents, the consumption of electricity and water, which enabled an insight into the process flows within the production process. The data obtained from this analysis of the inventory of nanocomponents provide an insight into the potential improvements that can be made in the manufacturing process of nanocomponents, in order to reduce the environmental impact of the production of new cosmetic creams. These results will serve as the basis for the second part of the analysis, where a life cycle analysis will be carried out to assess the environmental impacts of cream production from the acquisition of raw materials to the disposal of the final product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Hyaluronic acid (HA) has become a commonly used ingredient in topical moisturizing products; however, limitations of delivery of HA to only the surface of skin have hindered leveraging the full capacity of HA for skin rejuvenation. Here, we aimed to evaluate the clinical benefits of a multi-weight HA plus antioxidant complex-based lotion with SPF 30 compared to a single-weight HA plus ceramide-based lotion with SPF 30. Methods: A double-blind comparative study was conducted on 70 female subjects, aged 25 to 65 years with mild-to-moderate facial dryness and visible fine lines and wrinkles, divided evenly into two groups (n=35 per group). Clinical grading of the face, including dryness, roughness, and fine lines, was assessed after once-daily application for up to eight weeks. Results: Daily use of the multi-weight HA plus antioxidant lotion demonstrated significant improvements in all clinical grading assessments (dryness, roughness, and fine lines) as early as Week 2 compared to baseline. Statistically significant improvements in visible dryness, roughness, and fine lines were greater for the multi-weight HA plus antioxidant lotion compared to the single-weight HA plus ceramide-based lotion. Limitations: The overall small sample size. Conclusion: This study showed the enhanced improvement in dryness, roughness, and fine lines following daily utilization of a novel multi-weight HA plus antioxidant complex-based lotion compared to a single-weight HA plus ceramide-based lotion. These improvements may be attributed to the ability of multi-weight HAs to moisturize the skin surface and penetrate the upper surface layers of the skin, combined with the added benefits of key antioxidants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resveratrol (RES) is a lipophilic polyphenol susceptible to photo- and thermal-degradation. The strategies to enable its distribution in food matrices, prevent its degradation during storage and improve its bioaccessibility during digestion have obtained much attention and studies. In the present study, natural porous matrix in the form of freeze-dried yogurt cubes (FDYC) was investigated as an absorbent for loading RES. The sodium caseinate (NaCas)-coconut oil lotion was used as a carrier for delivering RES and was added to milk medium for L. helveticus MB2-1 fermentation to obtain freeze-dried Sayram ketteki yogurt cubes (SKYC) with fortified RES. The results showed that the loading capacity of RES in SKYC was 28.08 ± 0.31% in freshly prepared samples and was 26.34 ± 0.13% (93.80 ± 0.17% retention) after 90 d of ambient storage in amber vials. The photothermal stability of RES encapsulated in SKYC was significantly higher than that of the original RES due to the protective effect of SKYC (p < 0.05). During in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion, the RES release rate of the three treatments were in the following order: original RES < physical mixture of RES < encapsulated RES. Besides, the flavor of SKYC was enriched by the addition of NaCas-coconut oil lotion. Taken together, it can be demonstrated the SKYC has the potential to be loaded with lipophilic bioactive compounds for application in functional food. Highlights: The Sayram ketteki yogurt cubes fortified with RES were prepared. The RES changed into non-crystalline form after emulsification and encapsulation. The RES encapsulated in Sayram ketteki yogurt had significantly better stability. The 2H-pyrano-2 ketone enriched a rich coconut flavor to the fortified yogurt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wound healing process goes through a series of complex stages that are mutually continuous, namely inflammation, proliferation, and maturation. Following wound formation and the release of proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors, inflammation occurs immediately after the hemostasis phase. Proliferation occurs when products processed by the growth factors are present. The final stage, maturation, is portrayed by the plan of the extracellular network. This study utilized oil from avocado fruit (Persea americana), which contains linoleic and oleic acid content that supports skin tissue repair. The study aimed to explore the effects of using avocado oil cream on the area of wound healing, the number of inflammatory cells, and the collagen density. Twenty-four female mice, aged eight weeks, were used as experimental animals by making excision wounds using a 4 mm biopsy punch on the dorsal skin on the left and right sides. The mice were divided into four groups based on the percentage of avocado oil in the topical cream included Group K (control, topical cream without avocado oil), Group P1 (5% topical avocado oil cream), Group P2 (10% topical avocado oil cream), and Group P3 (15% topical avocado oil cream). Macroscopic examination of the wounds was conducted daily on days 3, 6, and 9 after topical cream treatment using a digital caliper. A total of 48 skin tissue samples were collected from days 3, 6, and 9 after cream application, which were then processed for histopathology evaluations using hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson’s Trichrome staining. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to count the inflammatory cells, and Masson's Trichrome staining was employed to assess collagen density. The results revealed that avocado oil had a great impact on wound closure after 9 days of 15% avocado oil cream treatment, reducing the inflammatory cells after 3-6 days of 10% avocado oil cream therapy, and increasing collagen density after 9 days of 15% avocado oil cream application, as compared to the control, non-avocado oil cream group. Avocado oil can help close wounds, reduced the number of inflammatory cells, and increased collagen density when used in topical pharmaceutical formulations. Avocado oil cream may, therefore, be considered a viable option for wound repair treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION. The examination of protocols for clinical trials of locally applied and locally acting medicinal products highlights challenges that developers face when selecting the design, endpoints, population, comparison groups, and sample size. An analysis of the most common errors in clinical trial protocols will help minimise the number of comments from protocol reviewers and accelerate the process of bringing novel medicinal products to the pharmaceutical market.AIM. This study aimed to analyse the results of evaluating clinical trials of locally applied and locally acting medicinal products conducted with due consideration of the recent additions to the Rules for Conducting Bioequivalence Studies of Medicinal Products within the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU); assess the main advantages of the added requirements and the challenges remaining in protocol development; and make recommendations for the most effective application of existing laws and regulations.DISCUSSION. The Rules for Conducting Bioequivalence Studies of Medicinal Products within the EAEU were supplemented with Appendices 11, 12, and 13 in August 2023. Since then, protocol reviewers have accumulated sufficient experience in the examination of clinical trial protocols for locally applied and locally acting medicinal products. This article presents the most frequent comments made during the examination of clinical trial protocols and provides recommendations for corrective actions. The most challenging aspects of drafting a protocol for a clinical trial of a locally applied and locally acting medicinal product include the selection and justification of primary/secondary endpoints and the calculation and justification of the population size. The difficulty is probably due to the lack of a detailed description of study characteristics in EAEU laws and regulations. Locally applied and locally acting corticosteroids are the least challenging medicinal products in terms of protocol drafting because EAEU legislation and scientific publications provide the most detailed guidance for them.CONCLUSIONS. The analysis of protocols for clinical trials of locally applied and locally acting medicinal products, relevant EAEU requirements, and applicable international guidelines identified several major challenges, including the selection of primary/secondary endpoints, the characterisation of the trial population, and the justification of the sample size. The recommendations presented in this article will help applicants in planning clinical trials aimed at accelerating the launch of medicinal products into the pharmaceutical market.

This study investigated the effects of halibut oil cream, containing omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins A and D, and hydroxyproline, on burn wound healing in rats. Acute dermal toxicity tests confirmed its nontoxicity. Wistar rats were divided into five groups: a control, a positive control treated with silver sulfadiazine 1% (SSD), and three groups treated with 3%, 9%, and 27% halibut oil cream Formulation (HBOF). The SSD and HBOF groups showed significant healing improvements compared to the control. Histopathological analysis indicated increased collagen production in the HBOF groups, suggesting halibut oil cream's potential as a topical treatment for burn wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human face is one of the most salient regions of the body surface. Ratings of facial attractiveness, as well as judgements of a person's age, are influenced by the appearance of facial skin (not to mention the presence/absence of wrinkles). Unsurprisingly, many consumers spend huge amounts of money on trying to protect, maintain, and/or enhance their facial appearance. As highlighted by the evidence presented in this narrative review, both the skin and the cosmetic products that many consumers use are fundamentally multisensory in nature. The complex interaction between the particular skin site stimulated and the multisensory attributes of the product (e.g., when it is applied) can exert a number of effects on an individual's mood, their emotions, as well as on their self‐perception (and self‐confidence), over‐and‐above any functional effects that the cream or lotion may have on the skin itself. In this narrative historical review, the literature on the multisensory perception of facial skin is summarized and critically evaluated. Multisensory interactions taking place between the cosmetic product, its packaging, as well as its use/application at the sensory, cognitive, and emotional levels are all discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study developed a novel paper-based sensor for the simultaneous analysis of ascorbic acid (AA) and hydroquinone (HQ). The sensor utilized polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-stabilized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-PVA) as the reagent probe and PVA media acted as the filter for separation of the analytes. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and ethanol serve as the stationary phase and eluent, respectively, exploiting the differences in analyte reactions and solubility to achieve their separation on the filter paper. The circular sensor's central zone was AA's detection area, while HQ was detected in the outer ring region. AA induced an immediate color change in the test kit, whereas HQ required a 20-minute elution with ethanol followed by colorimetric analysis. All analytes exhibited relative standard deviations of repeatability and reproducibility below 2.7% and 9.5%, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the linear detection range for HQ was 0.2-2.0 mg⋅L− 1, while AA was 0.1-2.0 mg⋅L− 1. The detection limit was determined to be 0.05 mg⋅L− 1 for AA and 0.1 mg⋅L− 1 for HQ. The recoveries of AA and HQ in cosmetic cream samples ranged from 80 to 110%. The accuracy of the sensor's measurements was further validated by comparison with the HPLC-DAD method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corrosion resistance of cement–water-glass dual-liquid slurry is poor. Improving its material properties is necessary. In this study, we examined the influence of water-based lotions on the fluidity, gelling time, and mechanical properties of a cement–water-glass dual-liquid slurry based on the mix proportion of the dual-liquid slurry commonly used in construction. The mixture ratio of a C-S (cement–water-glass slurry) dual-liquid slurry was adjusted by introducing a waterborne polyurethane lotion and a waterborne acrylic lotion to modify the traditional C-S dual-liquid slurry material. When acrylic acid is used as a modifying polymer at a dosage of 7.5%, the flowability and gelation time of the dual-liquid slurry are excellent, the compressive strength of the stone body decreases slightly, the flexural strength is improved to a certain extent, and the stone body's crack resistance during water loss is also enhanced. Moreover, the porosity of the stone body is low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgrounds: Post-thyroidectomy scarring is a common illness impacting patient quality of life. Fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers and topical steroids delivered via laser-assisted drug delivery (LADD) have shown potential for scar treatment. However, ideal steroid formulations (cream vs. solution) when combined with laser therapy remain unclear. Methods: This study included 12 patients receiving fractional CO2 laser on post-thyroidectomy scars. After laser treatment, one scar half received topically applied steroid cream, while the other half received steroid solution. The Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) was used to measure the scar conditions at the time prior to the first treatment and one year later by the patients themselves and by the surgeon who did the laser treatment. Scar appearance was photographically assessed at baseline and 6 months post-treatment by four blinded evaluators using scales. Results: This study discovered a modest improvement in the appearance of post-thyroidectomy scars when combining fractional CO2 laser treatment with either topical steroid cream or solution. Patients and treating physicians examined the POSAS scores one year after treatment found significant improvements in all aspects of the scar conditions, with high efficacy and satisfaction levels reported by patients. Conclusions: Fractional CO2 laser combined with topical steroid delivery, either cream or solution form, significantly enhanced post-thyroidectomy scar appearance with modest effect and high patient satisfaction. This approach may represent a promising scar management strategy along with current scar treatment for the post-thyroidectomy scar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses psoriasis with a brief overview of the various types. It considers the symptoms, aetiology and treatment options and hopes to give nurses and non-medical prescribers more confidence in recognising and treating this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generic medications contain the identical active ingredient in the same concentration as their branded counterparts and are administered in the same manner, aiming to deliver comparable efficacy, dosage, and clinical outcomes. Nevertheless, variations in additives and formulation processes, particularly noticeable in topical medications, can influence factors like ease of use and patient adherence. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to compare the rheological attributes of branded and generic injectable ointments, assessing disparities in formulation performance and their impact on patient care. Posterisan® Forte and Hemoporison® ointments were used as the branded and generic versions, respectively, and their viscosity, ductility, and viscoelastic properties were evaluated. Posterisan® Forte showcased enhanced spread ability, maintaining uniform flow characteristics across varying temperatures, whereas Hemoporison® displayed pronounced thixotropic properties and stiffness, suggesting potential benefits for applications necessitating reversible viscosity adjustments and heightened rigidity. Despite sharing identical additives, observable differences in physical characteristics highlight the necessity of understanding formulation traits, which could influence ointment behavior. Alterations in fluidity and viscosity may affect how patients perceive and apply the medication, potentially influencing treatment outcomes and the occurrence of adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesophase micro lotion is a special stable dispersion system, whose components mainly include surfactant, water and oil. This microemulsion system has a unique three-phase coexistence characteristic, that is, it can exist with the remaining water phase and the remaining oil phase at the same time, forming a complex phase structure, which has potential application value for the removal and treatment of pollutants. In order to further guide the preparation and optimization of micro lotion in industrial production and provide guidance for the design and development of new and efficient surfactants, a method for the formation of mid phase micro lotion and the determination of its characteristic parameters was proposed. The reservoir water solution, solid sodium carbonate, surfactant, polymer alkaline water solution and distilled water were prepared into five basic water samples and four working water samples in a certain proportion, and six alkyl aryl phosphates with different structures were prepared. The characteristic parameters of mesophase micro lotion under the influence of different alkyl chain lengths, different aromatic ring positions and different temperatures were measured. It can be seen from the experimental analysis that there are two particle size dispersion groups in the working water sample, namely, the nanometer sized mesophase micro lotion liquid bead and the nanometer sized fine mesophase micro emulsion liquid bead. When no alkali is added or the concentration of alkali is low, the working water sample contacts the crude oil to form the mesophase micro lotion； When the water sample time is from 7 d to 91 d, the accumulated liquid droplets of mesophase micro lotion formed by crude oil and working water sample U0D3 are reduced from 97% to 87%, which proves that there is instability in the mesophase micro lotion, and the salt resistance of the mesophase micro lotion is negatively related to the alkyl chain length and the aryl position, and positively related to the temperature change； The solubilization ability is positively correlated with alkyl chain length and aryl position, and negatively correlated with temperature changes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple, fast, precision and sensitive gas chromatographic method was developed for determination of camphor, L-menthol, methyl salicylate, salicylic acid, benzyl nicotinate and nonivamide in topical formulations. The possibility of determination low-boiling components and high-boiling components by a single analytical method was shown. The method was optimized by evaluating the effect of a large number of chromatographic parameters and sample preparation stages. It was validated according to the International Council on Harmonization guidelines. Limit of quantification of active components were achieved from 0.7 μg/mL for benzyl nicotinate and L-menthol to 41 μg/mL for salicylic acid. High repeatability and good recovery values were demonstrated. The practical application of the proposed method was shown for ointments and cream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical sensors are detecting probes that translate information of analyte into a quantifiable signal for chemical exploration studies. Fabrication of (E)-2-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-iodobenzylidene) hydrazine-1-carboxamide stabilized silver nanoparticles (1c-AgNPs) is one-dimensional synthesis avenue in present study exhibiting the ability of metal cations detection and selectivity of sensing mercury (Hg2+) ions in various samples of water and cosmetic creams. The newly synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were comprehensively elucidated by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), zeta-sizer, atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal degradation analysis. 33.2 ± 1.3 nm sized polydispersed nanoparticles showed selective, sensitive and efficient detection of Hg2+ ions with detection limit of 0.274 µM by significant quenching in UV-Vis spectral band at 410 nm in real water and cosmetic cream samples. The theoretical findings displayed changes in reactive descriptors, electronic parameters, bond angles, and bond lengths of 1c and conjugated AgNPs using DFT method. The biological application of 1c-AgNPs showed significant synergistic potential as antibacterial agent against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus compared to ligand. Thus, the newly engineered 1c-AgNPs could be a favorable appliance in nature and health restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by compositional and structural changes to the skin at lesional sites. Alteration to the levels and organization of both protein and lipid components are associated with disease status and lead to impaired barrier and hydration. Corneodesmosin (CDSN) and the arrangement and length of the intercellular lipid lamellae (ICLL) are altered in disrupted skin states. The aim of this research was to profile the distribution of CDSN and the ICLL in the stratum corneum (SC) at lesional and non‐lesional sites in AD‐prone skin and to investigate the impact of an eczema calming lotion containing petroleum jelly, fatty acids, and colloidal oatmeal. Methods: An IRB‐approved study was conducted with participants with active AD. From a small subset of participants, tape strips were collected from lesional and non‐lesional sites on the arm, prior to and after twice daily application, over 4 weeks of an eczema calming lotion containing petroleum jelly, fatty acids, and colloidal oatmeal. Fluorescent antibody staining was used to investigate the distribution of CDSN. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to characterize the ICLL. Results: The distribution/coverage of CDSN was similar between lesional and non‐lesional sites at baseline; application of the lotion resulted in a more defined honeycomb/peripheral distribution. Normalized ICLL (nICLL) was lower in baseline samples from lesional sites relative to non‐lesional sites. Application of the lotion increased this parameter by the end of the study at all sites. Conclusion: The eczema calming lotion containing petroleum jelly, fatty acids and colloidal oatmeal provided changes in corneodesmosomal proteins distribution and ICLL, consistent with improvements in corneocyte maturation and improved barrier function in the skin of individuals with atopic dermatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin condition characterized by red, circumscribed, scaly, and erythematous plaques that can cover large skin areas. While conventional treatments such as topical corticosteroids and systemic medications are commonly prescribed, the interest in natural remedies for psoriasis has grown due to concerns about potential side effects and the desire for alternative treatment options. Rosa × damascena Mill. is rich in bioactive compounds that possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties; these properties make Rosa × damascena Mill. a promising candidate for the management of skin disorders such as psoriasis. In our previous studies, we successfully formulated and tested different topical preparations containing Rosa × damascena Mill. In this study, we investigated the correlation between the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores in psoriasis treatment using the abovementioned creams containing Rosa × damascena Mill. extract. Several tests were performed to study the correlation between the PASI and DLQI scores in psoriasis patients. Consequently, we were able to observe an improvement in terms of the area, induration, desquamation, and erythema; such an improvement implicitly produces an improvement in patients' quality of life. The PASI and DLQI scores showed significant progress between visits. These results confirm Rosa × damascena Mill. to be a promising candidate for the topical treatment of psoriatic lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Significance: Multilesional basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are spread on sun exposed skin areas, including arms, face and back. The first‐line treatment remains the surgical resection or Mohs surgery. Despite its high complexity, Mohs surgery is well practiced in USA and Germany and presents very good results both in esthetic and in carcinology point of view. Large lesions more than 2 cm remain challenging to remove by topical cream used in photodynamic therapy (PDT). If these larger lesions are not treated in less than 1 month, they could grow deeply in the skin, thus enhancing the risk of reoccurrence and the severity of the disease. Despite this model herein studied, that is non melanoma skin cancer is a good prognostic cancer, the therapy aims to be applied to more aggressive melanoma skin cancers. Aim: Total regression of large cutaneous lesions less than 1 month with no reoccurrence. Approach: Tumor induction on murine model bearing a 500 mm3 subcutaneous lesion. Increasing dose of gold nanoparticles at fixed initial concentration C0 = 0.3 mg/mL, infused into the tumor then exposition of the region of interest to NIR medical laser to assess the therapy. One or two intratumoral administration(s) were compared to surgery and control, that is no treatment, laser alone or nanoparticles alone. Results: Gold nanoparticles alone or the NIR laser alone did not induce the tumor regression. The combination of laser and nanoparticles called plasmonic nanophotothermal therapy induced apoptosis. Derma and hypoderm do not show any visible gold nanoparticles and demonstrated a good cicatrization process. Conclusion: Plasmonic nanophotothermal therapy using two doses of gold nanoparticles was the only protocol that proved its efficacy on large lesions in 14 days, that is 500 mm3 on a murine model bearing human basal cell carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic skin disease, significantly impacting patients' quality of life. One of the most effective management approaches for AD involves addressing the defective skin barrier by urging AD patients to regularly use suitable moisturizers. Therapeutic moisturizers designed for AD are precisely formulated with ingredients targeting critical and often early symptoms of AD (e.g., itch, inflammation, damaged skin barrier). Dermo-cosmetic products, which are rich in moisturizing and emollient agents contributing to recovery as well as strengthening the skin barrier, have proven to be excellent adjuncts in AD treatment. There are various galenic forms of dermo-cosmetics, such as lotions, gels, creams, foams, and sprays, requiring a rationale in choosing ingredients for the product formulation and development. In addition, the role of moisturizer and emollient therapy to address skin dryness linked to dermatological conditions is hugely dependent on varying chemistry and morphology in the deeper regions of the skin. There are also limits to the efficacy of treatments, corticosteroid side effects, and product sensory appeal, which may decrease patient acceptance and compliance. The objective of this review is thus to offer a comprehensive overview of the critical aspects involved in the development of cosmetic vehicles, as well as a detailed examination of the primary ingredients used in formulations for AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skin abrasion wounds, especially those infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), pose a risk of developing into severe lesions. MRSA is resistant to typical antibiotics, which necessitate intravenous antibiotic and/or surgical interventions. A Yang-Na (Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb. Ex G. Don) twig extract has been shown to exhibit antibacterial and wound healing properties in mice with MRSA-infected wounds. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of an ointment containing Yang-Na twig extract against MRSA-infected abrasion wounds in mice. Skin abrasion wounds induced on mice were infected with MRSA (n=10) and left untreated or treated daily with an ointment base, tetracycline ointment (160 μg/g), or Yang-Na twig ointments (20 and 40 mg/g) for 9 days, alongside a non-infected control group. MRSA infection significantly compromised skin integrity, as evidenced by weakened skin barrier strength and enhanced transepidermal water loss. The infected wounds showed signs of deterioration and substantial numbers of MRSA colonies, along with mast cell infiltration and increased mRNA expression of inflammatory-related genes (TLR-2, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10). Treatment with Yang-Na twig ointments restored skin integrity and improved wound appearance within a week. Mast cell infiltration and expression of inflammatory-related genes were normalized and no MRSA colonies were observed in the wounds treated with Yang-Na twig ointments. The other treatments did not achieve the same results. These findings highlight the therapeutic effects of the Yang-Na twig ointment as an antibacterial and wound healing remedy with anti-inflammatory properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the first several weeks following lactation, nipple pain frequently prevents mothers from continuing breastfeeding. To evaluate the efficacy of using Photobiomodulation (PBM) versus anti-inflammatory topical cream, on inflamed nipple, and the effect on milk production. This study was carried-out on 50 breastfeeding women with nipple pain and fissure. Our patients were divided into two groups ; study group (Group I): 25 patients received 12 sessions of PBM using Diode laser for a period of 4 weeks, 3 sessions per week every alternative day, and controlled group (Group II): 25 patients used Anti-inflammatory topical cream. Regarding inflammatory signs in both groups, Group I showed a significant decrease in redness compared to Group II at the 3rd and 4th week, and a significant decrease in nipple fissure and pain at the 3rd week. There was a significant increase in milk amount reflected on the infant's weight. We concluded that PBM was more effective in decreasing nipple pain, inflammation and subsequently milk production and infant weight than topical anti-inflammatory creams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Cesarean section is one of the most common surgeries worldwide. Pain management and the acceleration of cesarean wound healing are important and necessary for the mother, baby, and breastfeeding. Herbal medicines with anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects have been used in wound management and care in traditional medicine. This systematic review assessed the efficacy of herbal products used in clinical trials for cesarean wound healing. Information & Methods In this systematic review, keywords, including "cesarean section," "wound healing," "herbal medicine," "complementary medicine," and "alternative care" were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest databases. The Persian equivalents of these terms were searched in the SID and Magiran databases. The search was conducted with no time limit until April 2024. Studies published in Persian and English that investigated herbal products for the healing of cesarean section wounds were included in this study. The quality assessment of the articles was conducted using the CONSORT 2018 checklist. Data analysis was performed qualitatively and reported. Findings Among 471 articles, eight articles assessing seven plants were investigated. Most of the studied plants improved cesarean wound healing. The results of two studies on the effect of turmeric on cesarean wound healing were consistent. Conclusion The medicinal products prepared in all the studies are effective in cesarean wound treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Direct visual internal urethrotomy (DVIU) is recommended initial treatment of single or multiple anterior urethral strictures shorter than 2 cm that are of different underlying etiologies. But due to the risk of stricture recurrence after such intervention a large series of researches were conducted during the last few decades trying to reduce such drawbacks and enhance its effectiveness to improve success rate of DVIU. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of use of local steroid (triamcinolone ointment) during intermittent self urethral catheter dilatation in the reducing or prevention of urethral stricture recurrence after DVIU, prolongation of time to recurrence, with low complications and drawbacks of this adjuvant simple to learn and cheap maneuver. Methods: A prospective comparative study included 30 male patients in total who were recently diagnosed with anterior urethral stricture involving the penile and/or the bulbar urethra and undergoing DVIU. Post-operatively, the patients were subgrouped into two main groups (group A and group B) each of them containing 15 cases. The first group instructed to do a clean intermittent self catheter dilatation (ISCD) using triamcinolone ointment as a lubricant whereas the second group used lidocaine gel for lubrication of the catheter over the next six months after DVIU. Those patients were followed-up for at least twelve months in minimum with urethroscopy and/or retrograde urethrogram. Re-evaluation was done at six and twelve months of follow-up period. Results: During follow-up studies, the urethral stricture rate of recurrence was studied between the two patients groups. Regarding the age of patients, there were significant statistical differences in the demographic age data of the patients with the P-value = 0.0025. The stricture site, length and underlying etiology, there were no statistically significant differences between the two studied groups. In contrast, the stricture recurrence rate was statistically significantly lower in the first group (group A) in whom triamcinolone ointment was used as a lubricant (2 out of the 15 patients (13%)) than group B in whom only the water-soluble lubricant gel was used (6 out of 15 patients in the control group (40%)) with P-value = 0.048. There was also a statistically significant correlation between the stricture recurrence and the stricture length in millimeters (P=0.02). Conclusions: The usage of triamcinolone in the form of ointment on the surface of catheter and installation into urethral lumen during self intermittent urethral dilatation by patients for six months after DVIU has reduced the stricture recurrence rate in significant proportion of cases. Such simple and cheap practice during dilatation may reduce long-term complications, avoiding a lot of future surgical procedures and improve patient quality of life and reduce the overall cost or re-intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]