Search

Club activities are a component of school activities. The significance of such activities serves as the basis of the mental and physical health of students. In addition, that activities nurture the richness of their humanity throughout life. To fulfill this meaning, developing the abilities of students to work independently is important. Thus, the subject is significant for adviser teachers. Therefore, this study investigates the recognition of adviser teachers about shutaisei and the involvement to enhance it among students. Semi-structured interviews with eight teachers (mean age = 32.3 ± .24 years) were conducted and analyzed. The result indicated that the advisor teacher suggested various means for students to work with shutaisei on club activities such as a teacher intervention passively and actively, building a rapport with students and setting a frame of activities. Furthermore, a teacher – student relationship, when a teacher fosters shutaisei among students, is similar to a counselor – client relationship. Finally, the results revealed certain limitation in acquiring shutaisei in junior high school students.

The primary purpose of this study was to examine the hypothesis that crises experiences and commitment are related to achieving psychosocial developmental tasks, which are related to college athletes’ psychological competitive ability. A survey was conducted with 286 college athletes (169 men and 117 women, mean age 20.30 years). Structural Equation Modeling indicated that commitment to study- and future occupation-related issues were associated with achieving psychosocial developmental tasks, including industry and identity, respectively, and industry and identity were related to psychological competitive ability in men. Moreover, commitment to athletic performance/improving skills was related to the industry, which was related to psychological competitive ability in women, whereas identity was not related. These results suggest that achieving psychosocial developmental tasks by experiencing commitment improves the psychological competitive ability of athletes. Structural Equation Modeling also revealed that industry was related to identity, which was related to psychological competitive ability in men. These results suggest that it is firstly essential to promote achieving industry rather than identity to improve the psychological competitive ability of athletes.

Participation in club activity presents an opportunity to active with Shutaisei, builds good human relationships, and facilitates goal orientation of junior high school students. Advisor teachers influence student’ psychological growth greatly; such teachers emphasize that it is important to foster Shutaisei . Therefore the purpose of our study was to investigate how advisor teachers recognized Shutaisei, and what they considered to be appropriate club activities and behaviors. We conducted semi-structured interviews of eight advisor teachers. We asked ,“How do you recognize Shutaisei”, and “What kind of action that your students work on their club activity with Shutaisei”. As a result of having analyzed a reaction provided in our interview, we showed it as follows. 1) The advisor teacher who participated in this study thought that Shutaisei was the attitude and action to face one’s goals and problems voluntarily and intentionally without receiving the instructions from others. 2) The action that the students work on the club activities with Shutaisei were consisted of four categories; a) to analyze the results of their game or set their goal by themselves, b) to have the interest to the skill acquisition and to make trial and error until to gain the skills, c) to engage in their practice positively, d) and self-assertion and to build a human relationship.