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Public transport contributes significantly to the development of socioeconomic activities and the long-term sustainability of all communities worldwide. Undoubtedly, it is a catalyst for maximizing quality urban living, social service accessibility, and environmental balance. Despite its considerable importance and benefits, public transport in Nigeria is still poorly practiced, and plagued by complex operational challenges. Based on this context, we assessed the public transport systems in Ikeja-Lagos, Abeokuta, and Ibadan cities to understand the struggle for sustainability in Nigeria. This study examined the socioeconomic and travel characteristics of passengers, the availability and condition of public transport infrastructural facilities, peculiar public transport challenges, and the best possible strategies to sustain public transport systems in Nigeria. The study employed a cross-sectional survey research design, while a multistage sampling technique was utilized to administer a wellvalidated questionnaire on the passengers at central transport nodes within the selected cities using both descriptive and inferential analysis. The results show that most of the respondents are men and spend more than 10% of their monthly income on public transport usage. Findings show that conventional public transport has been proven unpopular in Ibadan and Abeokuta cities compared to a chaotic and inadequate bus rapid system in IkejaLagos. Findings also revealed traffic signal and control devices, and terminal facilities as toptwo rated public transport facilities in good condition. The study revealed that public transport modes across the selected cities are operationally cracked as they are characterized by unprecedented challenges. The results of the Analysis of Variance established a statistical significant variation among the challenges mitigating sustainable public transport in the selected Nigerian cities. The study concludes and recommends, among other measures, fulladoption of appropriate mass transit options, particularly intra-city rail and the development of multimodal transport system.

Nigeria deployed Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) top-down approach which generalizes transport emissions, is not detailed to localize solutions based on sectors. This identified gap was filled using IPCC’s Bottom-Up approach. Quantitative research design was employed using a descriptive survey to determine fuel consumption, vehicle and drivers characteristics through the use of a 30-item instrument named GHG emission estimation instrument (GHGEEI) to estimate the quantity of GHGs from vehicular emissions of commercial road passenger transport activities within the selected routes in Iyana-ipaja, differentiate emission estimates by vehicle categories (Tricycle referred to as ‘Keke’, Shuttle,‘Danfo’14, 18 and 22-seaters) and determine the relative contribution of each commercial road passenger vehicle type according to its age, fuel type, number of engine plugs, and frequency of service. Quota sampling technique was used to identify the strata and their frequency in the population and then convenience sampling was used to select 15% of the quota population for each stratum. Results from the study showed that 10,259.88kg/CO2e, of Carbon dioxide (CO2), 3.65kg/CO2e of Methane (CH4), and 0.58kg/CO2e of Nitrous Oxide (N2O) was emitted daily on the selected areas.

Despite decades of progress for alternative and low-carbon fuels and technologies, and some incremental improvements that have taken place in the mobility industry, most developing countries remain locked-in to fossil fuel-powered auto-mobility. Studies have shown that some of the challenges of climate change can be mitigated by the use of green technology vehicles in commercial road passenger transport. In order to achieve this, the drivers' perception of green technology vehicles available for road passenger transport e.g., compressed natural gas (CNG), solar and battery powered vehicles will need to change because action will be influenced by their perception. While some consumers may be willing to purchase environment friendly products like Green Technology Vehicles (GTVs), they may face constraints or conflicts that create a resistance to adopting proenvironmental behaviour. This study seeks to investigate the factors limiting the transition from the use of fossil fuel-powered vehicles to the use of GTVs and analyses present perceptions of the drivers regarding use of green technology vehicles. A survey research design was used to determine driver and vehicle characteristics and the perceptions of 411 drivers in Ikeja area of Lagos. The results indicated that 51.3% were unaware of GTVs and factors like availability of GTVs, the presence of fuelling/servicing and maintenance stations, and that the initial cost of the purchase would be subsidized were enough to make the transition from fossil fuel vehicles to GTVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]