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Background: New services are needed to prevent the mental health consequences of the war in Ukraine. Ten adolescents self-recruited to use and evaluate the Ukrainian version of the Helping Hand (HH) in Odesa, Ukraine. From April to June 2023, they participated in a 10-session group program where they played the cognitive behavioral game app, shared stories, and engaged in activities to enhance their coping skills. Methods: A mixed-method, quantitative–qualitative design was used to get insight into the feasibility and potential impact of the HH on Ukrainian adolescents' mental health and well-being during the war. A questionnaire to the adolescents assessed the feasibility of the intervention; anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed before and after the intervention by a standardized and validated adolescent-completed questionnaire. An interview with the psychologist who implemented the intervention was used to interpret the data completed by the adolescents. Results: Eight of 10 adolescents completed the HH intervention, and the psychologist found the HH helpful and culturally appropriate. The average anxiety and depression symptoms decreased from before the intervention (M = 20.4) to after (M = 15.0), showing a moderate effect size. Conclusion: The results indicated that the HH has a high potential to prevent mental health consequences in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is dedicated to theoretical and experimental research on constructing a digital twin for a 24‐story building located in a seismic zone with the possibility of seismic vibrations of up to eight on the Richter scale. A digital model of the building was developed considering the changes in its geometry (damage or absence of structural elements). This requires detailed field inspections of partially constructed buildings and consideration of the inspection results when constructing a digital model. The boundary conditions, in addition to the geometric characteristics of the building, include the physical and mechanical characteristics of all its structural elements obtained through nondestructive testing methods. Discrepancies between the structural elements' design and actual concrete classes were identified. The initial conditions included real accelerograms at the location of the building, which served as input data for the direct dynamic analysis. Thus, there is a need to develop a hybrid system for modeling the stress–strain state of a 24‐story building that uses information technologies (Internet of Things) with sensors during research. Such an IoT system, combined with one information network using cloud technologies, allows us to obtain the necessary information in real‐time, highlighting the features of the building (the second stage of constructing the digital twin). The bar and spatial models of buildings with distributed parameters of structural stiffness at bending and shear and the mass and mass moment of inertia were considered. The results of numerical studies of the first form of natural vibrations for the building rod (according to the expressions obtained by the authors) and spatial models (performed using the LIRA‐CAD software package developed in Ukraine based on the finite element method) are presented. A comparison with the first experimental form of natural vibrations confirmed that considering the moment of inertia of the building mass makes it possible to determine the ordinates of the self‐form of vibrations and seismic horizontal loads more accurately. The experimental first frequency and form of natural vibrations of a 24‐story residential building in Odesa were obtained from the results of vibration monitoring at the construction stage (16 floors were erected) and after all 24‐floor erection. The direct dynamic method of building calculations for seismic effects specified by earthquake accelerograms was used along with the method proposed by the authors to consider damping during forced building vibration calculations and the actual physical and mechanical characteristics of concrete and reinforcement obtained by non‐destructive testing methods. The calculated vibration amplitudes at the top of the building cantilever model were compared with the damping parameters obtained using the Voicht model and the authors' method under the influence of an accelerogram recorded during the powerful 1977 Bucharest earthquake with an epicenter in the Vrancea area (Romanian Carpathians). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shostakovich's direct quotation from the Odessan street song "Bagels, Buy My Bagels!" (Bubliki, kupite bubliki!) in his Second Cello Concerto Op. 126 (1966) featured an unusual style, even in relation to some of his other compositions referencing popular and Jewish music. The song is widely known as one of the icons of the Odessa underworld. Shostakovich's use of this melody as one of the main leit-themes of the Concerto can be compared to the use by the non-Jewish Andrei Sinyavsky of the Jewish pseudonym Abram Tertz, a bandit from the Odessa underworld—the only locus of freedom to tell the truth in a totalitarian society. The time of Shostakovich's address to this song remarkably coincided with the famous Soviet trial of Andrei Sinyavsky and Yuly Daniel in the fall of 1965 and their final sentencing (February 1966) to years in a Gulag camp. The dramaturgy of Shostakovich's Concerto, written in the same spring of 1966, demonstrates the transformation of the theme of "Bagels" into a tragic image. The totality of circumstantial evidence suggests that this opus could be the composer's hidden tribute to the feats of Russian heroic writers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of different levels of salinity (17.6 ‰, 12.6 ‰, 7.6 ‰ and 2.6 ‰) on growth and development of naked amoebae was studied in beach sands of the Black Sea in the region of Odesa, Ukraine. The decreasing salinity was followed by reduced fecundity and increased generation time of the naked amoeba cells. Vannella devonica, V. aberdonica, V. plurinucleolus, Thecamoeba orbis, T. hilla, Stenamoeba sp. and Acanthamoeba griffini were the most tolerant to gradual salinity decrease, while Saccamoeba marina, Vexillifera armata, Mayorella gemmifera were less tolerant. Cochliopodium gulosum survived at a medium salinity of 17.6 ‰. Under the low medium salinities (7.6 ‰ and 2.6 ‰), most amoebae existed as floating forms. After the saline shock (12.6 ‰, 7.6 ‰ and 2.6 ‰), neither growth nor development were observed in Saccamoeba marina, Сochliopodium gulosum and Mayorella gemmifera and their floating forms remained motionless. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date it is difficult to predict how small businesses will function in the post-war period. Thus, public regulation and support for small businesses in the post-war period becomes an extremely important issue. The article aims to propose the ways to improve public regulation of small businesses development in the context of the Odesa region's territorial communities recovery. The author analyzes the research literature on the topic, makes a SWOT analysis of the Odesa region's small businesses development. The ways for improving public regulation of small businesses development in the form of a model are proposed. The model includes the following components such as creating a small businesses support infrastructure; administrative procedures simplification; financial support; education and training; entrepreneurial ethics and culture development; partnership with local authorities and NGOs; stimulation of innovation and technological development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge of the spatial distribution of reptiles is essential for decision-making in conservation under future climate change scenarios. We present a new compilation of reptile records for Odesa Oblast (i.e. province), south-west Ukraine. We compiled 662 records: 200 from our own research during 2012–2022, 362 from the published literature, 73 from public databases and 27 from museum collections. Fourteen native species of reptile (one species of Emydidae, four of Lacertidae, one of Anguidae, six of Colubridae and two of Viperidae) have been recorded in Odesa Oblast but the distribution of several are poorly known and/or records have rarely been published. We also report four introduced reptile species (one each of Emydidae, Gekkonidae, Lacertidae and Anguidae). We present the data in a grid of 462 10 × 10 km cells covering the oblast. In this compilation we did not record any new species, but our records include previously unreported localities for some species. Species richness was highest in the areas along the Black Sea, in protected areas. The main threats to the reptiles in Odesa Oblast are the alteration and degradation of habitats, military action, uncontrolled pressure from infrastructure projects and the presence of invasive species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The eruption of permanent teeth in children is a complex physiological process that is important for the development of the dentoalveolar system. The timing of eruption is a key indicator of biological age and prenosological diagnosis of children's health. The need to update research on this topic is due both to changes in society and the importance of modern data for pediatric dentistry and public health. The aim of the study was to determine the regional characteristics of the terms of eruption of permanent teeth in early mixed dentition among children of Odesa. Material and methods. Dental examination was performed on children aged 4 to 8 years of both sexes. The examination was performed according to the generally accepted methodology, using standard dental instruments included in the examination kit. The children were divided into groups according to age and sex. Patients were examined on the basis of age and period of teeth eruption. Results. The results of the study of the eruption of the permanent teeth of the upper and lower jaws in children aged 4.5-8.5 years in Odesa indicate an earlier eruption of the permanent teeth in girls. Thus, in girls the eruption of the first permanent molars began at the age of 4.5 years and ended at the age of 6 years. In boys, the age of onset of first molar eruption was 5 years and the age of completion was 6.5 years. It was found that the timing of the beginning and the end of the eruption of the central permanent incisors of the upper jaw was the same in boys and girls (6 years), but the average duration of eruption was different. The timing of the beginning and end of eruption of the upper lateral incisors was identical in boys and girls. However, differences in the average terms of eruption of permanent upper lateral incisors were obtained. The analysis of the results of the terms of eruption of the central permanent incisors of the lower jaw in boys and girls shows the same terms of beginning of eruption and average terms of eruption of these teeth. However, there were differences in the time of the end of eruption. The beginning of the eruption of the permanent central incisors of the upper jaw was noted earlier (at the age of 6 years) than the data given in the modern dental manuals of Ukraine and was completed at the age of 8 years. The age of the beginning and the end of eruption was one year earlier than the generally accepted data. The data on the time of eruption of the first permanent molars and incisors obtained as a result of the study are necessary for planning programs for prevention of dental caries in children in the period of early replacement dentition. The data obtained as a result of the study indicate the need for further epidemiological studies in other regions of Ukraine in order to establish the current national norms for the eruption of permanent teeth in children. Conclusion. The discrepancy between the dates of eruption of permanent incisors and molars in Odesa children and the standard dates of eruption of teeth was revealed, which indicates the need to clarify them in each region. Gender differences were found - earlier eruption of permanent teeth in girls. The data of the conducted research substantiate the necessity to revise the terms of caries prophylaxis in Odessa children and the necessity to conduct in-depth examination of children with violation of the terms of teeth eruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A significant average difference between the observed and modeled precipitation in the warm months is registered in Odesa for 1970–2005. This difference is probably determined by complex orography and inappropriate parameterization methods for convective processes climate models. In the last 15 years (2006–2020), the average temperature has increased by about 1 °C in winter and by 2 °C in summer compared with 1970–2005. Considering decreasing precipitation during summer months, it seems that the climate of Odesa is moving towards the Mediterranean climate—warm to hot, dry summers and mild, moderately wet winters. The approach based on selecting representative simulations with minimum average bias and adjusting the choice to the present-day climate is described and applied for Odesa using data from the RCP8.5 scenario simulations of the EURO-CORDEX project and ERA5-Land reanalysis. The approach can be applied separately for monthly near-surface temperature and total precipitation, as well as jointly for these variables, and provides the satisfactory ability to select models for use in impact studies. The output variables of simulations selected are close to observed ones in recent years and are well to coincide with the ensemble-mean values in the near future, 2021–2050. On the other hand, the scatter of output variables in the selected simulations adequately describes the uncertainty of the future climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change adaptation planning at the municipal level has become mandatory due to the increasing frequency of extreme weather and climate events. The availability of near‐future climate data is the first step towards creating an adaptation plan for a city. We created the CP_OdU (Climate Projections for Odesa, Ukraine) dataset, which contains daily output variables from the 102 model runs and monthly (yearly) indices calculated for 2021–2050 in the closest to Odesa land‐located model grid point. The future data are based on 26 and 76 simulations for the scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively, of 14 RCMs from the EURO‐CORDEX project. The horizontal resolution of spatial grids in the RCMs is ~0.11° or ~12 km. The CP_OdU dataset contains 76 indices relating to cloudiness, wind parameters, relative humidity, precipitation amount, snow depth and temperature. A very short description of the near‐future climate in Odesa for the RCP8.5 scenario shows its trend towards a Mediterranean climate. The rising temperature supported by the change of intra‐annual variations of precipitation will result in hot, dry summers and mild, moderately wet winters. The CP_OdU dataset can be used by climate scientists, applied science engineers and climate stakeholders in society for the creation of a climate change adaptation plan for Odesa, Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Birth-death models play a key role in phylodynamic analysis for their interpretation in terms of key epidemiological parameters. In particular, models with piecewise-constant rates varying at different epochs in time, to which we refer as episodic birth-death-sampling (EBDS) models, are valuable for their reflection of changing transmission dynamics over time. A challenge, however, that persists with current time-varying model inference procedures is their lack of computational efficiency. This limitation hinders the full utilization of these models in large-scale phylodynamic analyses, especially when dealing with high-dimensional parameter vectors that exhibit strong correlations. We present here a linear-time algorithm to compute the gradient of the birth-death model sampling density with respect to all time-varying parameters, and we implement this algorithm within a gradient-based Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) sampler to alleviate the computational burden of conducting inference under a wide variety of structures of, as well as priors for, EBDS processes. We assess this approach using three different real world data examples, including the HIV epidemic in Odesa, Ukraine, seasonal influenza A/H3N2 virus dynamics in New York state, America, and Ebola outbreak in West Africa. HMC sampling exhibits a substantial efficiency boost, delivering a 10- to 200-fold increase in minimum effective sample size per unit-time, in comparison to a Metropolis-Hastings-based approach. Additionally, we show the robustness of our implementation in both allowing for flexible prior choices and in modeling the transmission dynamics of various pathogens by accurately capturing the changing trend of viral effective reproductive number. Author summary: Epidemic control and forecasting relies on accurate quantification of transmission and recovery dynamics. This quantification is achievable through the analysis of phylogenetic relationships among pathogen strains obtained from infected individuals. As a key analytical tool for such inference, we concentrate on the study of the episodic birth-death-sampling (EBDS) models. These models define a probability distribution on time-calibrated phylogenies that enable estimation of time-varying rates of pathogens' transmission, recovery, and sampling. Advances in sequencing technology, however, have led to an increasing amount of genetic data collected from these pathogens. Consequently, the traditional computational methods for analyzing these large-scale data under EBDS models have become inadequate due to their high computational load. We aimed to break this computational bottleneck by developing a new approach, based on the Hamiltonian Monte Carlo sampling, that considerably accelerates inference of all rate parameters compared to the traditional random-walk Metropolis-Hasting method. Our method greatly improves the ability to explore the complex distributions that arise when we want to understand disease dynamics at a more granular temporal resolution. This advancement delivers value to public health as it helps rapid data-driven decision-making during outbreaks and enhances our understanding of the spread of infectious diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The role of urban planning and architecture in mitigating infectious diseases has lately attracted more scholarly attention. The paper explores an epidemic of plague in nineteenth-century Odesa (then the Russian Empire, now Ukraine) and argues that the city's development was fundamentally linked to activities focused on preventing the disease's reoccurrence and creating a healthy urban environment. It analyzes never discussed visual materials from the collections of the Hermitage Museum, State Museum in Berlin, Canadian Centre for Architecture (CCA), British Museum, and Library of Congress and places them in the context of literary work, mainly travellers' diaries and memoirs of contemporaries. Although over the last two decades, several publications focused on Odesa's history, literature, culture, and social life came into existence, the urban development and architecture of this metropolis have yet to garner sufficient scholarly attention. The article focuses on primary sources making new attributions of visual materials. It illuminates such essential aspects of urban life as health and hygiene, sanitation, design of open green spaces, and control of air and water supplies. It also helps to understand the architectural solutions for mitigating infectious disease and establishing Odesa as one of the leaders in pandemic-related development at the time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents data on the distribution of Dactylogyrus and Gyrodastylus in common carp, which depends on the nature of the reservoir and the age of the fish. The highest extensity of damage to carp Dactylogyrus and Gyrodastylus was recorded in Lake Yalpug (42.7%), while in the mouth of the Dniester River it was only 25.4%. In closed reservoirs of the Odesa region (Khadzhibey estuary and Lake Yalpug), Dactylogyrus was most frequently recorded in two-year-old carp with extensiveness indicators of 64.3 and 62.1%, while in the Dniester River the highest extent of invasion was in three-year-old carp (57.9 %). Gyrodastylus was most frequently recorded in three-year-old carp from all reservoirs with a lesion rate of 58.9% to 67.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing groundwater levels (GWLs) may become one of the most serious issues for the city of Odessa, Ukraine. This study investigated the spatial distribution characteristics and multifractal scaling behaviour of the groundwater-level/-depth fluctuations for a Quaternary aquifer in the city of Odessa using a geostatistical approach and multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA). These two methods were applied to monthly GWL fluctuation time series from 1970 to 2020 to monitor 72 hydrogeological wells situated in different parts of the city of Odessa. The spatial distribution of the GWLs revealed an overall trend of decline and recovery from 1970 to 2020 in the study area, except for most of the southern region, where a persistent recovery of the groundwater depth was observed. The MF-DFA results suggest that the dynamics of the GWL fluctuations have multifractal characteristics in the Odessa area. In addition, both long-range correlations and fat-tail probability distribution contribute to the multifractality. However, long-range correlations among the fluctuations made a major contribution to the observed multifractality of the GWL fluctuation time series. The generalised Hurst exponents show a wide range of change (0.20 < h(q) < 2.85), indicating the sensitivity of the GWL fluctuations to changes in small-scale factors and large-scale factors. Regarding the long-range correlations of the GWL depths, the Hurst exponents (q = 2) demonstrated the positive persistence of groundwater-depth recovery in the southern region and the persistence of groundwater-depth variation in the other regions of the study area. The dynamic changes in the GWL depths in the Odessa area may be influenced by both natural and anthropogenic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the research, with the help of the method of mytho-criticism and archetypal analysis (Carl Gustav Jung), the author has analyzed and outlined the chronotope represented in the stories in Bera and Cucumber by Aleksandr Korotko. This book, translated into English by M. Pursglove, was published in London in 2023. With the help of archetypal analysis, the Odesa text was characterized as a mythological one. It has been investigated that the Odesa narrative represents a special worldview of the heroes, who are characterized by a combination of kabbalistic worldview, Christian humanism, Turkish melancholy, contemplativeness that results from the unity of the heroes of the Odesa space with eternal nature elements. The writer reconstructs the Odesa identity in its ontological form: the social interaction between the characters reveals their essence superficially, on the other hand, the anthropocene way of depicting the characters as immanently connected with the elements of nature reveals their universal ontological essence. The Odesa text is represented as mythological one, the loci of which are subordinated to the idea of the immutability of space and time. This is the peculiarity of the chronotope marked by mythological intentions: the characters appear only as variable, fluid entities in the macrocosm of Odesa that as depicted in Korotko's stories is characterized by the intertwined relationships between the spirit, nature, and humanity from ancient times. Rather than viewing human beings and nature within a subject-object framework, the writer presents a holistic system that reflects an anthropocene perspective of the world. The article argues that traditional logocentric paradigms fall short in capturing and unraveling the identity of Odesa that is intricately woven into the interconnected narratives of Korotko's stories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aimed to investigate the lifespan and breeding use, reproductive qualities, and the level of their discreteness in sows of the large white breed of French breeding, considering their operational value. Agroprime Holding LLC of the Odesa region, the laboratory of innovative technologies, and experimental livestock facilities of the Institute of Pig Breeding and AIP of the National Academy of Sciences carried out the practical part of the work. Evaluation of sows according to indicators characterizing the level of their adaptation and reproductive qualities was carried out taking into account the following characteristics: life expectancy, days; duration of tribal use, days; received farts; all live piglets were born, head.; multifertility, ch.; high fertility, kg.; nest weight at the time of weaning at 28 days, kg; preservation, %. The selection index of reproductive qualities of the sow (SIRQS) was calculated according to the method of O. M. Tsereniuk et al. (2010), the coefficient of discreteness (D) - Seromolot and Sviatchenko (1984). Biometric processing of research results was carried out according to generally accepted methods. It has been established that sows of the large white breed of French breeding, provided they are kept in production premises using innovative technologies, are characterized by high indicators of the level of adaptation and reproductive qualities. Thus, their life span is 905.7 days, the duration of breeding use is 680.6 days, and in terms of reproductive qualities, they belong to the elite class. A significant difference between the groups of experimental animals was established in terms of life expectancy, duration of breeding use, total number of live piglets, multifertility, and litter weight at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days. The maximum indicators of high fertility (1.34 kg) and preservation of piglets until weaning at the age of 28 days (100 %) were found in sows of the "low operational value" category. The coefficient of discreteness of life expectancy and breeding use in sows of I, II, and III experimental groups is equal to 0.406, 0.677, and 0.633, reproductive qualities - 0.828, 0.882, and 0.903, respectively. Coefficients of paired correlation between life span and breeding use of sows and signs of reproductive qualities range from -0.055 to +0.904. The maximum increase in additional production was obtained from sows of the "high operational value" category - +6.80 %, and its value is +355.57 UAH/head/farrowing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In spring 1879, news reached the Russian Ministry of Education that students from several Real Schools in the Russian Empire's western provinces were planning to send a coordinated petition to the Minister of Education, asking for permission to enroll in university. The petition initiative was arranged in secrecy and involved more than a dozen schools from Odessa in the south to St. Petersburg in the north. Drawing on materials from several archives, this article traces the evolution of the petition initiative and addresses three main questions. First, the article demonstrates that the petition initiative was understood by students and officials alike as a severe breach of school discipline, but not a political crime, and it explains how and why the initiative is representative of the limited yet distinctive space of legitimation created by the authorities for non‐radical student activism. Second, it contextualizes the petition initiative against the backdrop of the discussion on civil activism in Russia, highlighting how secondary students were influenced and inspired by the contemporary public discourse and the idea of public activism. Finally, the article analyzes the internal social mechanisms of the petition initiative, demonstrating how it combined local self‐organization with imperial networking, mobility, and imagination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article introduces into scientific circulation sources from the history of the Bey clans of the Crimea from the middle of the 19th to the beginning of the 20th centuries, which are contained in the funds of the Zemsky Bank of the Kherson province and the Bessarabian-Tavriysky Land Bank of the State Archive of the Odesa Region. In these funds, there are 21 cases of the Shirinskys, Arginskys, Yashlavskys, Mansurskys, and Kypchakskys families regarding the granting of a loan secured by an estate or a plot of land. The cases of the Bey families from the fund of the Zemsky Bank of the Kherson province have not been preserved and are known by their names in the inventories. An analysis of documents related to loans granted to the bank by Crimean Tatar landowners descended from Bey families was carried out. According to the type of information, the presented sources can be divided into three groups: economic (documents of economic activity, acts of assessment of the yield of the estate or land plot), procedural (correspondence reflecting the stages of obtaining and paying the loan, sale of the estate), personal documents of a social and property nature (agreement about demarcation, yafta, deed of sale). Documents of an economic nature provide an opportunity for a broader and more detailed study of the state of land ownership and the nature of management of the descendants of the Crimean Tatar aristocracy at the end of the 19th century. It is obvious that the established way of management of the once large landowners, descendants of the Bey clans, did not meet the need for funds. The estates were re-mortgaged several times. Procedural documents show that loans were granted quite quickly, the Bank's Management Board monitored the work of its agents in assessing the profitability of the estate, and was also interested in solving the problems of its customers, preserving their property and preventing the sale of property. The most informative documents that characterize the social and economic processes that took place among the Crimean Tatar nobility during the 19th century are the personal documents of the owners of estates: deeds of sale, agreements on the delimitation of land, distribution acts upon receiving an inheritance, which actually reflect the process of land dispossession of the descendants of the Crimean Tatars family aristocracy and the collapse of the traditional foundations of the rural community during the 19th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Due to practical challenges associated with genetic sequencing in low-resource environments, the burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in forcibly displaced people is understudied. We examined the use of field applicable HCV sequencing methods and phylogenetic analysis to determine HCV transmission dynamics in internally displaced people who inject drugs (IDPWID) in Ukraine. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we used modified respondent-driven sampling to recruit IDPWID who were displaced to Odesa, Ukraine, before 2020. We generated partial and near full length genome (NFLG) HCV sequences using Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) MinION in a simulated field environment. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods were used to establish phylodynamic relationships. Results: Between June and September 2020, we collected epidemiological data and whole blood samples from 164 IDPWID (PNAS Nexus.2023;2(3):pgad008). Rapid testing (Wondfo® One Step HCV; Wondfo® One Step HIV1/2) identified an anti-HCV seroprevalence of 67.7%, and 31.1% of participants tested positive for both anti-HCV and HIV. We generated 57 partial or NFLG HCV sequences and identified eight transmission clusters, of which at least two originated within a year and a half post-displacement. Conclusions: Locally generated genomic data and phylogenetic analysis in rapidly changing low-resource environments, such as those faced by forcibly displaced people, can help inform effective public health strategies. For example, evidence of HCV transmission clusters originating soon after displacement highlights the importance of implementing urgent preventive interventions in ongoing situations of forced displacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the research is to analyse the international cultural collaborations of the opera houses under the martial law on the examples of national operas of Kyiv, Odesa, and Lviv. The research methodology is based on the interdisciplinary approach, which includes the knowledge form cultural studies, media studies, and management of sociocultural activity. Using the comparative one, we try to highlight the main international events of the studied theatres and their role in the representation of Ukrainian culture. The scientific novelty of the research is the analysis of the international cultural collaborations of the opera houses under the martial law on the examples of national operas of Kyiv, Odesa, and Lviv in 2022 - 2023. Conclusions. Analysing the content, which in open access on the official websites of the studied theatres, we can state that the international collaborations are reflected in the participation of theatres and their artists in charitable events outside the country in online and offline formats, including a number of charity events organised by theatres as part of the ―Stand with Ukraine‖ project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article clarifies how sociological research methodology is adjusting to the current changes taking place in Ukrainian society. The goal is to specify some aspects of phenomena research, and to concentrate on field research from historiography, theoretical background, and to certain procedures of gathering information and its analysis. Based on the works of famous German qualitative methodology experts we also referred to M. Heidegger’s works to be more specific about “phenomenon” definition. We have proved that phenomena are some things and processes not fully appeared which we can discover, and which in scientific discourse must be distinguished from appearance. The word “appearance” tells for itself — it is that which has already appeared. Some definitions on field research taken from the works of German sociologists allowed reconfirmation of this methodology to be used in researches of the current Ukrainian social reality. Such components of field research as “observation” and “conversation” were given the following new characteristics: systematized role behavior of a researcher-observer, and authorial vision of structuring data and observation results. The analytical processing of sociological data was held in the frame of grounded theory (by Anselm Strauss and Judith Corbin), and the method of qualitative content-analysis of conversations was tested and endorsed through the example of research among rural population. Drawing on the results of three types of coding (open, axial, and selective) we have built up a mini-theory of the phenomenon of how population in small towns and villages in Odessa region take representatives of local authorities in everyday life. In comparison with operational definition the analysis result based on the strategy of mini-theory consists of five parts where we start out from the “history line”, then we find out how the past influences the contemporary state of a researched phenomenon, describe context, subjects’ actions and counteractions, and determine the consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the circumstances of the career path of the Soviet Orientalist, member of the Board of the All-Ukrainian Scientific Association of Orientalists (1929-1930), president (1944-1948) and dean of the Faculty of History (1950-1952) of Lviv State University, senior researcher (1945-1946) of Lviv Department of the Institute of History of Ukraine of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, member of the Communist Party I. Belyakevich (1905-1984). The State Archive of the Odesa Region contains historical sources that allow us to reconstruct the main stages of the scholar's life. On the basis of a wide range of documentary materials, many of which are introduced to scientific circulation for the first time, attention is paid to the most important facts of his biography, turning points in his fate, and his participation in the development of Ukrainian Oriental studies in the 1920s-1950s is discussed in detail. Emphasis in the study is not based on the creative or personal life of the scientist, but on the vectors and stages of his institutional biography. The trajectory of his career is exemplary for representatives of the early Soviet generation of scientists: birth in a village - working faculty - institute, the beginning of a scientific trajectory - war / evacuation - continuation of a scientific and administrative career, all in a straight upward line. The person was enrolled in a single system of scientific institutes, sought to achieve the career heights available to Soviet scientists, having received high posts and awards. Consequently, being a not very successful scholar, teacher and administrator, he was not inferior to his colleagues in the hierarchical ladder of science. At the turn of the era in the 1950s, the Khrushchev Thaw became the stage of his progressive retreat from the management of scientific and pedagogical processes. Former grandiose career achievements in Stalin's times were interpreted as a sign of the scientist's unprincipled nature. The different ratio of talent, conformity, ambitions for power and the desire to achieve material goods were the ingredients that instilled a similar formula of career success and different perceptions of this success by contemporaries. The life path of I. Belyakevich is designed to illustrate the possibilities of social mobility of a person in science during the Soviet period. For the scientific corporation of the regional level, the significance of the personality of I. Belyakevich is connected with his leadership activities at Lviv University. The biography of the Soviet scientist testifies to the ability of science and its representatives to adapt to various circumstances, including political pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hirata Minoru became the last Japanese consul in Odesa. He performed his duties from 1934 to 1937. Hirata was an experienced diplomat, who graduated from the Tokyo School of Foreign languages and worked at different consulates and embassies. He arrived in Odesa in the spring of 1934. Like other foreign consuls, Minoru was under constant surveillance by Soviet counterintelligence, and among the consulate's employees were secret agents. Hirata's main focus for working was researching the region and wri�-ting reports. He mostly wrote short reports and sent them to the Japanese embassy in Moscow. Then these messages were provided to Tokyo. The themes of Minoru's consular reports were quite typical. He reported on the activities of the consuls of other countries, the situation of national minorities in the USSR, the development of trade, industry and agriculture, navigation, railway transport, the development of the social, humanitarian, educational and cultural spheres, the problems in the life of the local population etc. The Japanese had to write very carefully in the reports about various political problems because as a rule they were intercepted by Soviet counterintelligence. However, he informed Tokyo about the consequences of the Holodomor, anti-religious policies and various repressions by the government. In 1937, the USSR decided to reduce the number of foreign consulates on its territory. The Japanese consulate in Odesa was included in the list of institutions slated for liquidation. The Soviet side was convinced that this institution existed exclusively for espionage and sabotage works. In the spring and summer of 1937, the USSR and Japan had been struggling for consulates. The Tokyo government wanted to preserve the institution. But from mid-September 1937, the Soviet side stopped recognizing the Japanese right to a consular institution in Odesa. On September 17, the consul and secretaries were forced to leave the city. Employees who had been Soviet citizens were repressed until the end of the year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the activities of the Turkish Consulate in Odesa during 1925-1938. It is the first attempt of its kind to highlight the key aspects of this topic, as there is no such work to date. Ukrainian-Turkish relations have a long and centuries-old history. They had both ups and downs. Turkey was one of the first countries to recognize the Ukrainian People's Republic and establish diplomatic relations with it. Turkey was among the first to express its desire to sign the "Treaty of Friendship and Fraternity" with Soviet Ukraine, which became the basis for the intensification of diplomatic, trade-economic, cultural, and scientific relations between the countries. In 1925, the Turkish government, taking into account the strategic location of the city of Odesa, opened its consulate here, which was located in the house of the Tolstoys family (19 Gogol Street). The consular staff of the Odesa consulate consisted exclusively of citizens of Turkey who were career diplomats; representatives of the administrative and technical staff were citizens of both Turkey and Soviet Ukraine; the service staff actually consisted of residents of the city. However, despite the constantly emphasized friendship in relations between the USSR and Turkey, the Turkish consulate and its employees found themselves under the close supervision of the Soviet special services, which considered any actions of representatives of this consular institution as espionage. In order to be fully effective, the special services recruited representatives from both consulate employees and persons who were in contact with the consul. And after the consulate was closed, the process of "cleaning" them began. Among them were the secretary of the consulate V. Kanshyn, the teacher of the Russian language for foreign consuls operating in Odesa P. Feldman-Brown, the courier Khalil Belial, the spouses Ilia and Biana Ichaldzhyk, who worked in the consulate as a teacher of the Russian language and a nanny for the child of the Turkish consul Malkos Ali-Riza. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study of the fish caught in the reservoirs of the Khadzhibey estuary (Odesa region) was conducted in order to determine its quality and safety according to microbiological indicators. No pathogenic or conditionally pathogenic microorganisms were found in all the fish samples studied – mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio) and round goby (Neogobius melanostomus). During the study of physico-chemical indicators of water quality and safety of the estuary, water samples were taken for the content of pesticides, insecticides and heavy metals. The content of cadmium, copper, lead and mercury does not exceed the permissible level for fish farms, zinc exceeds the maximum permissible concentration by 2.3 – 3.0 % (depending on the period of the year). The insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloromethylmethane was found in the water, the content of which exceeds the maximum allowable concentration for sea fishing ponds by 18 %, and the pesticide betahexochlorocyclohexane – by 5.2 %. It has been studied and established that the fish caught in the estuary, according to its microbiological and physicochemical indicators, is safe, does not pose a threat to the health of people and animals, and is suitable for further use and consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the modern world, energy is the basis of the development of basic industries, which determines the progress of public production. The growing need to use electricity poses problems in finding sources of its generation. The main problem of choosing sources of electricity production is the impact of energy on the environment. Many countries focus their energy development strategy on renewable energy sources (RES) (solar, wind, bio and others). However, due to their specificity, renewable energy sources cannot ensure the production of the required amount of electricity. The key problem of renewable energy sources is to ensure an uninterrupted supply of energy to end users. In the work, a comparative analysis of the state of the structure of energy resources and their availability in the southern region of Ukraine was carried out. The problem of ensuring energy and environmental security of the Odesa region in conditions of a shortage of traditional energy resources is considered. The current state and prospects of the use of renewable energy sources are considered. Using the method of expert evaluations to justify the choice of the type of acceptable energy source and increase the relative energy security of individual territories, the use of nuclear energy is substantiated. The prospects of placing new power units with the AP1000 reactor unit developed by the Westinghouse Electric Company on the territory of the former construction site of the Odesa Nuclear Thermal Power Plant (Teplodar) were considered. The technical characteristics of the AP 1000 project are given. The obtained results can be the basis of objective assessments regarding the prospects of using nuclear energy to increase the energy security of the Odesa region. The relevance of the work is determined by the importance of international cooperation in atomic energy, which is a strategically significant, innovation-intensive branch of the modern world economy in the conditions of development of the Odesa region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The configuration of an energy-efficient combined heat supply system of the educational building of the Odessа Polytechnic National University with alternative energy sources is proposed. An experimental database of wind speed, which is tied to the dislocation of the combined heat supply system, was obtained. The averaged data on the wind speed of the Odesa weather site during the heating period have been adjusted. The conditions for using the energy potential of the wind to create a combined system are considered. A calculation model was obtained for the integral repeatability of the wind speed according to the Weibull probability distribution for the heating period. On the basis of the developed mathematical model of the dynamics of thermal processes of the elements of the combined system and the model of the energy potential of the wind, the modes of operation of the heat supply system when the temperature of the outside air changes are investigated. With the application of a mathematical model of the heating system, the optimal daily schedule of the intermittent operation of the heating system in terms of energy efficiency is given. The optimal schedules of the electrical and thermal load of the elements of the combined heat supply system in the intermittent heating mode have been worked out. Daily schedules of charge-discharge modes of the water heat accumulator and the electric accumulator battery have been developed, which ensure optimal loading of the system elements. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the substitution coefficient at a change in the outside air temperature from 5 to –15 °С was carried out. The energy balances of the combined system were studied in order to substantiate the rational parameters of its elements and the system as a whole. The possibility of creating a highly efficient autonomous heating system based on modern energy technologies using alternative energy sources and taking into account their local potential has been confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ukraine is an important global exporter of grain, especially to several countries with vulnerable food systems. The war in Ukraine may disrupt global food supply by limiting the planting, growth, and harvest of crops, or disrupting grain supply logistics. We apply a novel statistical modelling approach to satellite images of cropland in Ukraine for fast inference and exploration of cropping patterns and their influences in challenging environments. We also present satellite-derived cargo shipping activity as an accompaniment to these outputs to better explore the outcomes. Cropland Gross Primary Productivity in 2022 was 0.25gC/m2 lower than the 2010–2021 baseline period (p < 0.001). Similarly, cumulative annual cargo shipping activity ports in the Odesa and Mariupol regions were 45% and 62% lower in 2022 than in 2021, respectively. This suggests that cropland primary productivity has suffered during the conflict, and reliance on a few key port areas introduces vulnerability to the value chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

African swine fever (ASF) remains an urgent problem of pig farming in Ukraine, the solution of which is possible only on the basis of deep scientifi c knowledge about the specifi c driving forces of the epizootic in its specifi c nozoareal. Th is is necessary in order to target anti-epizootic measures on the most vulnerable link of the epizootic chain in a specifi c nozoareal. Th e aim of the work was to develop a low-budget methodological base for experimental epizootology of low-virulent ASFV variants in Ukraine, in particular, to study the mechanisms of the formation of enzootic areas, quality control of anti-epizootic measures, and evaluation of the eff ectiveness of the antiviral drugs against them in Ukraine. Methods. Experimental and epizootological studies in the adaptation of suckling piglets to keeping in the biosecurity-level BSL-3 for laboratory animals (Patent UA No. 133248 dated 03/25/2019) were conducted at the laboratory base of the Odesa branch of NSC «IECVM». All procedures with infectious active biological materials in the current order were carried out in the BSL-3 module, built and certifi ed with the assistance of the US Government in UAPRI (Odesa). Th e ASF agent strain «IECVM/Ternopil/2017» (infectious activity 4.0—7.5 lg HAdU50/cm ³) circulating in the Ternopil region in 2017—2020 was used as a test virus. Th e presence of low-virulence variants of the ASFV pathogen in the studied samples was determined by a bioassay on suckling piglets, followed by three consecutive passages on a stable Vero line of the baby green monkey kidney cells. Th e isolated ASF virus was identifi ed according to the methods and reagents recommended by the OIE Manual. Results. Intermittent passages «by the founder’s method» of dilutions 10-1 and 10-2 of the ASF virus strain «IECVM/Ternopil/2017» on piglets (n=20) and the culture of porcine alveolar macrophages («ASFVPAM») allowed us to identify highly-, moderately-, and low-virulent variants/clones in its composition. Verifi cation by bioassay on suckling piglets (n=5) of low-virulent clones of the agent, which were stabilized in Vero cell culture («ASFVVero»), showed that aft er intraperitoneal infection at a dose of 4.25 lg HAdU50/cm ³, they are capable of causing only a non-lethal (within 2 weeks) viral infection with a maximum daily rectal temperature of 39.4±0.22 °C and duration of fever on average 1.6±0.14 days (5 of 5 piglets). Clones with greater virulence («ASFVPAM») under similar conditions were able to cause a lethal infection with a maximum temperature of 40.7±0.37°C and duration of fever on average 3.9±0.27 days (17 of 20 piglets). Low-virulent clones were revealed by direct immunofl uorescence in pulmonary and spleen smears of clinically healthy piglets on days 14 and 17 post-infection (p.i.); their antigens were visualized in Vero cells by indirect immunoperoxidase method aft er 48 h p.i. at dose about 0.01 lg HAdU50/cm ³. Th ey caused «crumbly» hemadsorption of infected Vero cells and their virions had typical for Asfarvirus view and size (210—220 nm). Th e obtained data served as the basis for analysis of the mechanism of rooting ASF agents in West Podillia enzootic foci, as well as for implication of the concept of low-budget quality control of anti-epizootic measures and evaluation of antiviral drugs’ activities against ASF. Conclusions. Low-cost operational procedures have been developed that allow one to use a vivarium of laboratory animals for ASF bioassay and meet principal requirements for science-based research in important aspects of experimental ASF epizootology. With their help, confirmation of the heterogeneity of the population of the ASF virus circulating in endemic foci of the Ukrainian Western Podillia was obtained (p<0.05, n=25). Th e developed methodological approach is suitable for the study of fundamental issues of ASF epizootology, as well as for the quality control of anti-epizootic measures against ASF. In particular, it is advisable to use it to improve the biosecurity of agricultural export programs in Ukraine, a country that is disadvantaged by ASF [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the research is to determine the role and place of the southern Ukrainian lands (the southern / "poludenni" lands of Ukraine) in Polish irredentism, which manifested itself during and after the January Uprising. The research methodology is based on the principles of scientificity and comprehensiveness; general scientific and special historical research methods, including problem, chronological, synchronous, and comparative-historical, are used. The scientific novelty of the research is that an attempt was made to rethink the significance of Southern Ukraine for Polish irredentism, to research the process of their involvement in supporting the January Uprising, on the basis of archival documents. Conclusions. It is proved that Southern Ukraine has become a strategically important territory for the preparation and organization of the January Uprising. In these lands, Polish irredentism began to gain activity already in the 50s of the nineteenth century. The study identifies that in the documents of the leaders of the Polish national movement, Southern Ukraine was included in the "poludenni lands" ("poludenni countries"), where a special leader-commissar was appointed. As a border territory that had a port in Odesa, the "poludenni lands" of Ukraine became a convenient center for the transportation, concentration, and distribution of literature, weapons, and finances for the organization of the January Uprising. It is shown what forms and methods were used by Polish figures for their activities in the "poludenni countries" (Southern Ukraine, Dobruja, Danubian principalities, Halychyna / Galicia). It is suggested that the Polish leaders could include the territory of Southern Ukraine in the territory of the future three-nation state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study is to compare the festival and competition activities of opera houses in the socio-cultural context (on the examples of national opera houses of Kyiv, Odesa, and Lviv in recent years). The research methodology is based on an interdisciplinary approach that includes knowledge of cultural studies, art history, and management of socio-cultural activities. The main method of the article is comperative analysis, as we have tried to compare and highlight the key forms of festival and competition activities of the studied theatres and their socio-cultural context. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the comparative analysis of the festival and competition activities of opera houses in the socio-cultural context (on the examples of the national opera houses of Kyiv, Odesa, and Lviv in recent years). Conclusions. Having examined the festival and competition activities of the theatres we studied in 2020-2023, we can identify the following main trend in this aspect of functioning: the course of moving away from the closeness ("inflexibility") of the theatre to an open artistic discourse through international partnerships, joint projects, and cooperation with other artistic groups in Ukraine -- theatres act as a discussion cultural and artistic platform in the socio-cultural and professional space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of tobacco smoke and nicotine on the health of adults and children remain one of the most burning problem in our days. In 2019 the prevalence of active smoking in Ukraine reached 42.0 among men and 14.4% among women. The negative effects of second-hand tobacco smoke exposure are most significant in children under 5 years of life, especially in families with smoking mothers. The goal of the study was to assess the current smoking prevalence in families with children, including the use of modern electronic nicotine delivery devices. A self-reported survey of 414 families living in Odessa and Odessa region (Ukraine) was conducted. All questionnaires were divided into two groups depending on the presence of tobacco smoke exposure. To asses the factor's relevance the odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were used. The prevalence of smoking in families was associated with the age of the father up to 30 years (16.13 [95% CI 11.54–22.09]%; OR 2.73 [1.42–5.25]), mother’s and father’s low education lever (OR 2.73 [1.42–5.25] and 2.70 [1.64–4.44]), as well as with the residence of the family in the city (OR 4.30). The prevalence of smoking exposure was not associated with the income level or number of household members. The prevalence of smoking in women before pregnancy was more than 20%, and during pregnancy – 10%. After delivery women smoked in 23.91 (95% CI 20.06-28.25)% of cases. Proportion of families where smoked someone other than the mother reached 42.75 (95% CI 38.08–47.56)%. Other family members smoking negatively affected mothers’ tobacco consumption, both before and after childbirth. After pregnancy, women used both smoked tobacco and noncombustible forms of nicotine (51.52 vs 48.48%) with the same frequency. Other family members consumed smoking tobacco more often than e-cigarettes. All smokers who used electronic nicotine delivery devices more likely smoked at home (OR 5.33 [95% CI 0.53–54.04]). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an expansion and evaluation of the hardware architecture for the Optimized Deep Event-driven Spiking Neural Network Architecture (ODESA). ODESA is a state-of-the-art, event-driven multi-layer Spiking Neural Network (SNN) architecture that offers an end-to-end, online, and local supervised training method. In previous work, ODESA was successfully implemented on Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) hardware, showcasing its effectiveness in resource-constrained hardware environments. Building upon the previous implementation, this research focuses on optimizing the ODESA network hardware by introducing a novel approach. Specifically, we propose substituting the dot product multipliers in the Neurons with a low-cost shift-register design. This optimization strategy significantly reduces the hardware resources required for implementing a neuron, thereby enabling more complex SNNs to be accommodated within a single FPGA. Additionally, this optimization results in a reduction in power consumption, further enhancing the practicality and efficiency of the hardware implementation. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed optimization, extensive experiments and measurements were conducted. The results demonstrate the successful reduction in hardware resource utilization while maintaining the network's functionality and performance. Moreover, the power consumption reduction contributes to the overall energy efficiency of the hardware implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of the de visu study on the Odessa Modern Bulgarian damaskin №. 39 (65), dating from the 18th century. The manuscript is part of a collection of manuscripts gathered by the slavist Viktor Grigorovich. So far, this manuscript has not been the object of investigation, being currently stored in a book depository outside Bulgaria, which further complicates its research. The present work aims to present in detail the paleographical, codicological and some lexical features of this little-studied manuscript. The manuscript was assigned by E. I. Deminа to the IV Early Modern Bulgarian type: this type is particularly important because it actually represents the link between the damaskins of the 17th and the 18th century. It also presents new translations of texts by Greek authors and different textual versions of some homilies which were independently derived from the archaic Sredna-Gora translation. The analysis of the specific linguistic characteristics proves that this manuscript was written in the Eastern Bulgarian area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spatio-temporal features of the surface water thermal regime of the northwestern part of the Black Sea, its bays and estuaries have been studied. Based on the long-term observations, the increase in the air and water temperatures was identified. Since 1894 the mean annual air temperature in Odesa city has increased by at least 2.5 °C. Also significant, but somewhat smaller (about 2.0 °C), is the increase in the water temperature. The July and August water temperature has the biggest increase. Water temperatures generally are higher than the air temperature, but this ratio is varying in value and sign for different seasons. In January-February, when it is the coldest, the water temperature is higher than the air temperature. In spring and summer, the air heats up faster than the water and it is warmer than water. In autumn and December, the sea water temperature usually is significantly higher than the air temperature. In spring and summer, the water temperatures in the bays and estuaries are higher than the water temperatures in the sea. In autumn and winter, it is the other way around. The dominance of the northwest and the north winds in the studied region is often induces the noticeable decrease in the water temperature near the coast. It was shown that even light winds have the impact on the spatial distribution of sea water temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Local self-government is an important component of the democratic system in Ukraine, and Odesa and the Odesa region are no exception. This article examines the peculiarities of local self-government in Odesa and the Odesa region. One of the peculiarities of local self-government in Odesa and the Odesa region is the presence of many local initiatives and community organizations that actively participate in their territories' development. This allows for more resources and ideas to be mobilized to address the problems faced by the city and region. If local self-government is successfully implemented in Odesa and the Odesa region, it could serve as an example for other regions in Ukraine. However, in order to achieve success, it is necessary to ensure the effective functioning of local government bodies, to increase the level of citizens' participation in the decentralization process, reform local self-government, define the powers of local authorities, establish the local self-government budget, and conduct local elections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the human-biometeorological conditions at two resorts in Ukraine: a coastal resort located at Odesa in southern Ukraine and an inland resort situated by the lake at Svityaz situated in northwest Ukraine. The results of this study can facilitate the assessment of the tourist potentials of both locations by the tourism industry, tour operators, and tourists. The evaluation is based on an analysis of the Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) and parameters presented through the Climate–Tourism/Transfer–Information Scheme (CTIS) for the period 1991–2020. The CTIS data reveal that better conditions in terms of thermal comfort can be found during the warm period from May to September at both sites. The results show that the highest frequency of all grades of heat stress are observed in the last 10-day period of July and in the first 10-day period of August at both stations, but at Odesa, the frequency of heat stress of any grade is approximately 10% higher than at Svityaz. The frequency of moderate, strong and extreme heat stress during the daytime in July and in the first two 10-day periods of August at Odesa ranged from 51.3% to 66.5%, and at Svityaz it ranged between 40.2 and 54.6%. Human-biometeorological conditions during heat waves are more strenuous at Odesa. The frequency of days with extreme heat stress at 12 UTC during summer heat waves is 48.4% at Odesa and 35.6% at Svityaz. The results show a higher frequency of thermal stress at Odesa, which makes this resort less comfortable for people vulnerable to heat stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In the article, a study of approaches to defining the essence of the "auditing services" category in the modern theory and practice of conducting audits at enterprises was carried out, which made it possible to substantiate the need for professional auditing services, which will ensure reliable and efficient, sustainable and competitive activity for domestic industrial enterprises, which will lead to their stable and reliable longterm existence in the domestic and foreign markets, which is confirmed by the foreign practice of their application. It has been proven that such audit services, which are not related to the audit of financial statements and accounting, such as consulting and special purpose audits, require the preparation of an audit opinion in accordance with the requirements of the customer, but are directed to the examination and assessment of the effect of certain types on areas of activity of industrial enterprises, should be conducted by audit firms and auditors in accordance with ISA 800 "Auditor's opinion when performing special purpose audit tasks". A study of the foreign experience of conducting a special purpose audit - an efficiency audit and the structuring of types of such audits depending on the object has been carried out. It has been proven that the most widespread type of performance audit in the world practice of auditing activities and activities of industrial enterprises is operational audit and management audit. It has been substantiated and proven that the audit of the efficiency (special purpose) of the enterprise's activity begins with the stage of economic analysis of the object of the research - or activity and its individual types, resources or an individual type of resources, or capital or its individual type of capital, etc. And in the context of the conducted research, the audit of the effectiveness of working capital, which is invested in its current assets, with the aim of their effective use and management, begins with the stage of their economic analysis, which is formed on the basis of an integrated approach. The conducted research made it possible to test the proposed complex methodical approach to the economic analysis of current assets on the example of a food industry enterprise of the Odesa region in the system of auditing their efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formulation of the problem. Effective mechanism of wastewater treatment (WT) are important components of reducing anthropogenic load on the environment. One of the most widespread mechanisms of urban wastewater treatment is the biological treatment on a Biological Wastewater Treatment Plant (BWTP). However, increasing the nomenclature of pollutants concentrated in urban wastewater seriously affects the effectiveness of WT on BWTPs, which are not intended for such a wide spectrum of specific pollutants such as, in particular, Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). The control of their intake into the environment must be regulated according to the Stockholm convention. The goal of the research is the evaluation of the intake of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) into the environment from the wastewater of Odesa Industrial-and-Urban Agglomeration (IUA) and determining the volumes of their accumulation in the sea environment. Purpose. The assessment of the amount of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) entering the environment with the wastewater from Odesa IUA and determining the amount of their accumulation in the sea environment. Methods. In our research, all available official methods of calculation of the unintentional formation of POPs were reviewed, as a result – the main and most complete methods were selected: «UNEP (2013). Toolkit for Identification and Quantification of Releases of Dioxins, Furans and Other Unintentional POPs» and «EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook. Technical guidance to prepare national emission inventories, 2019». For evaluation of PCDD/F accumulation in the sea environment an improved by authors methodology for calculation of PCDD/F accumulation with their cumulative effect and half life taken into account was used. Results. The work provides justification for the necessity of use of calculation methodologies for determing the intake of PCDD/F to the sea environment adjacent to Odesa IUA; annual massed of PCDD/F entering the sea environment as part of treated, insufficiently treated and untreated wastewater are calculated; massed of PCDD/F that accumulate in waste activated sludge (WAS) on BWTP are calculated; volumes and specifics of PCDD/F accumulation in the sea basin, where the wastewater of Odesa IUA is being discharged to are determined using the improved methodology that enables taking into account the cumulative effect and half life period of these substances; mass and concentration of PCDD/F, immobilized in WAS, are determined, the excess level of concentration of PCDD/F in WAS compared to the maximum permissible concentration is determined. The total accumulation of PCDD/F in the sea environment over 2007-2017 period is determined. Conclusions. It was established that the use of calculation methodologies for evaluating PCDD/F volumes in the water environment is the only and necessary condition for satisfying the requirements of the Stockholm convention due to the impossibility of performing a regular instrumental monitoring of PCDD/F intake into the water environment. The use of suggested by us improved methodology for calculation of PCDD/F accumulation with their cumulative effect and half-life period taken into account allows for calculation of PCDD/F masses that were formed throughout the year under consideration, taking into account the PCDD/F masses that were formed during previous years as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to analyze the potential of organic production in Ukraine in war conditions and determine its consequences for world food security. Methodological approaches based on cluster and rating analysis of regions based on their potential in the field of organic production are proposed and provide an appropriate evaluation algorithm, mathematical tools, and strategic alternatives for all variants of data obtained in the calculation process. With the help of the given methodological approaches, the development of strategies for organic production for the primary clustering of regions, namely in Kyiv, Odesa, and Cherkasy oblasts, is proved. The system of forming a regional model of organically oriented multidisciplinary agriculture is appropriate for these regions. This will create the preconditions for organic food production, organic livestock, and related sectors of environmentally oriented economic activities. The development of an innovative component for implementing SMART-specialization projects is possible. It is substantiated that the most affected regions (Kharkiv, Luhansk, Donetsk, Kherson, Mykolaiv, Zaporizhia) from hostilities and occupation are potential for organic production and have significant areas for agricultural production. It is projected that the other war in Ukraine will reduce the production of farm products, including organic, which will lead to food security in most countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the issue of determining the best logistics route when solving operational problems of transport logistics under martial law by a team of volunteers. The article reviews multi-criteria decision-making methods used to solve operational problems of transport logistics. The choice of the best route for transporting passengers or cargo is affected by changes in the state of the external environment, which dynamically changes during military operations. All members of the volunteer team, who have up-to-date information on the conditions of the routes, are involved in the rapid assessment of the state of the external environment. This information is transferred to the coordinator of the volunteer team, who makes a decision on the choice of the logistics route. In the conditions of martial law, both the number of logistics routes and the state of the routes can change dynamically. Thus, the methods used by the volunteer coordinator to support decision-making should be robust to changes in the number of possible logistical routes and their changes. And also have a small computational complexity and support group decision making. The article compared AHP (Analytic Hierarchy) and mSmart methods based on such factors as: adequacy to changes in alternatives or criteria; flexibility in the decision-making process; computational complexity; adequacy of group decision-making support; number of alternative routes and criteria. The task of choosing the best possible route from Odesa to Kherson was considered. The results showed that both methods are suitable for solving the problem of choosing the best route, but the mSmart method turned out to be better in terms of the factors considered in the work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The year 1940 was a defining moment in the Romanian people's history. Then, through ultimatum notes and dictation, the European totalitarian powers cut off the national territory. On June 27, 1940, the Soviet government issued a second five-point ultimatum to Romanian Minister Davidescu in Moscow. It was proposed at the end of this note to establish a mixed commission of two members from each side. The commission's mission was to address issues that arose following the withdrawal of the Romanian army and institutions from Bessarabia and Northern Bucovina. The Soviets conditioned the resolution of the Romanians' demands - the repatriation of citizens and the return of materials illegally confiscated by the Soviets - from the beginning in Odesa on the delivery of some quantities of rolling stock on the railway. It was decided that the property, materials, tools, and machinery be returned to the railways of Bessarabia and Northern Bucovina in good condition and ready for immediate use. The "Convention regarding the restitution by Romania to the USSR of the rolling stock, equipment, and assets of the railways in Bessarabia and North Bucovina" was signed on July 31 and August 1, 1940. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the recreational use of the depressed economic territories of coastal cities, using the example of the city of Odessa. As the part of the study, the depressed economic areas of Odessa, located on the Black Sea coast, formed as a result of various factors: economic, technological, etc. were identified and analyzed. Based on the study of international experience redevelopment of abandoned areas, and to identify "recreational potential" of the city of Odessa, the landscape and recreational function have been selected, which will lead to the increase of green areas in the structure of an urban environment and the improvement of sanitary and hygienic conditions in residential and coastal areas. The principles, models and methods of functional planning organization of landscape and recreational formations in coastal depressed areas were formulated. This made it possible to use degraded urban areas effectively to create an ecologically clean, comfortable environment for a recreation of the population and the development of domestic tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stemphiliosis of onion is a relatively new disease in Ukraine. The disease appears in the form of oblong spots on the leaves and causes premature leaf death. The aim of the work is to propose means of protection for control of onion stemphyliosis based on the study of the pathocenosis species composition, biophenology of the disease agent of onion stemphyliosis and determination of the fungicides efficiency. Field studies were carried out on plantings of onion variety Banco in the farm AF "Petrodolynske" Odessa district, Odessa region of Ukraine in 2019-2021. We identified the causative agents of onion stemphyliosis - Stemphylium vesicarium (Wallr.) Simm, Stemphylium botryosum Wallr, Stemphylium herbarum Simm. which had different frequency of occurrence in the samples. The preparations with the following active substances were found to control the disease most effectively under field conditions: fluopyram (200 g/l) + tebuconazole (200 g/l) and fluoxastrobin (100 g/l) + prothioconazole (100 g/l). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Today, food security occupies an important place in the national security of the country and each region separately. Food security of the region primarily involves providing the population of the region with sufficient quantity, high quality and a wide range of food. Odesa region is a region in which agricultural enterprises and households are engaged in crop production, animal husbandry and their own processing of agricultural products. The general state and problems of food security in the Odesa region were considered, namely, the dynamics of the production volumes of grain and leguminous crops were analyzed, and the current state of development of the animal husbandry industry was studied. The main points that have a significant impact on the formation and development of the livestock products market in this region have been identified. Agricultural enterprises in this region were analyzed, namely the "Bessarabska" branch of "NIBULON" LLC, which today is a grain transshipment terminal, but in the future the company plans to build a full-fledged elevator and a flour mill; "ISMAIL-TRANSBALKTERMINAL" LLC is an oil extraction plant. The expediency of introducing the latest advanced technologies for growing and processing agricultural products is considered. The analysis of the current state of agriculture and agricultural enterprises shows that there is an available raw material base and farm animals are kept in this region. The export of grain crops to foreign markets has significantly decreased compared to previous years, therefore the increased development of animal husbandry is relevant and effective, which will increase the efficiency of the use of available resources, ensure the growth of labor productivity and employment of the population in rural areas. Recipes of compound feed for sheep have been calculated, in terms of the number of which this region is the leader among other regions of Ukraine. It is proposed to create small regional producers of food and compound feed products, which will allow to meet the needs of Odesa's consumers with food and feed products, as well as the export of products with added value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human influence on the steppe ecosystems of Ukraine caused irreversible loss of biodiversity in the natural zone. Currently, this problem is aggravated by military operations which cover almost half of the steppe zone and are unprecedented in the entire history of their existence. This actualizes the study of vegetation dynamic processes under the influence of the novel anthropogenic factors, and serves as the scientific basis for restoring and preserving steppe vegetation and maintaining its functional stability. The paper highlights anthropogenic changes in vegetation of the Kuyalnik Estuary valley based on long-term comparative phytocenotic surveys and uses of the method of succession series for reconstruction. These changes are representative of the river valleys of the estuaries in the Northern Black Sea region. This work examines vegetation changes induced by runoff overregulation of estuary rivers within the basin, quarrying of sand and limestone, ploughing, grazing, burning, terracing of slopes and their afforestation, excessive mowing of grass stands, and uncontrolled recreation. Subject to the existing anthropogenic impact combined with global climate changes, further vegetation degradation was predicted to occur in the direction of xerophitization and halophitization, reduction in shrubby vegetation areas, degradation of steppe vegetation, and intensification of desertification processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Russia–Ukraine conflict is also being fought in the maritime dimension. Regarding methods of warfare, of particular note has been the possible existence of a Russian naval blockade in the Sea of Azov and off the coast of Odessa in the Black Sea. The blockade played a significant role in the emergence of the grain crisis, and has been opined to be the main reason why vessels were not able to safely sail out of the Black Sea and deliver grain to areas in other parts of the world that were in much need thereof. This paper explores whether Russia imposed a blockade in a legal sense based on the law of naval warfare—allowing belligerent rights to be exercised—or whether the Russian activities should in fact be regarded as another form of maritime control or dominance over certain maritime areas during an international armed conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]