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The numerical solution to boundary differential problems is a crucial task in modern applied mathematics. Usually, implicit integration methods are applied to solve this class of problems due to their high numerical stability and convergence. The known shortcoming of implicit algorithms is high computational costs, which can become unacceptable in the case of numerous right-hand side function calls, which are typical when solving boundary problems via the shooting method. Meanwhile, recently semi-implicit numerical integrators have gained major interest from scholars, providing an efficient trade-off between computational costs, stability, and precision. However, the application of semi-implicit methods to solving boundary problems has not been investigated in detail. In this paper, we aim to fill this gap by constructing a semi-implicit boundary problem solver and comparing the performance of explicit, semi-implicit, semi-explicit, and implicit methods using a set of linear and nonlinear test boundary problems. The novel blinking solver concept is introduced to overcome the main shortcoming of the semi-implicit schemes, namely, the low convergence on exponential solutions. The numerical stability of the blinking semi-implicit solver is investigated and compared with existing methods by plotting the stability regions. The performance plots for investigated methods are obtained as a dependence between global truncation error and estimated computation time. The experimental results confirm the assumption that semi-implicit numerical methods can significantly outperform both explicit and implicit solvers while solving boundary problems, especially in the proposed blinking modification. The results of this study can be efficiently used to create software for solving boundary problems, including partial derivative equations. Constructing semi-implicit numerical methods of higher-accuracy orders is also of interest for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We mimic the conventional explicit Total Variation Diminishing Runge–Kutta (TVDRK) schemes and propose a class of numerical integrators to solve differential equations on a unit sphere. Our approach utilizes the exponential map inherent to the sphere and employs spherical linear interpolation (SLERP). These modified schemes, named SLERP-TVDRK methods or STVDRK, offer improved accuracy compared to typical projective RK methods. Furthermore, they eliminate the need for any projection and provide a straightforward implementation. While we have successfully constructed STVDRK schemes only up to third-order accuracy, we explain the challenges in deriving STVDRK-r for r ≥ 4 . To showcase the effectiveness of our approach, we will demonstrate its application in solving the eikonal equation on the unit sphere and simulating p-harmonic flows using our proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines “New Lyrical Experiences” by M. N. Muravyov. This collection, written in 1776 and kept in the Department of Manuscripts of the Russian National Library, consisted of eight odes and was only partially published by L. I. Kulakova. This research introduces two of Muravyov’s texts into scientific circulation: “The Third Ode. On the Triumph of Peace in 1775” and “The Seventh Ode. To N. A. Lvov.” These works allow us to approach the reconstruction of the author’s idea, which, from our point of view, consisted in rethinking the contemporary odic tradition and charting ways to reform the genre. Each ode was an experience of parodying the techniques of famous authors: M. V. Lomonosov, M. M. Kheraskov, V. P. Petrov, I. I. Chemnitzer, N. A. Lvov, etc. Thus, Muravyov laid claim to the role of a major modern poet and showed that the usual ode’s images and techniques were outdated. Apparently, when Muravyov created this group of odes-parodies, he focused on the “Russian” odes of Voltaire, written in 1760–1770.

Copyright of Journal of Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Theology is the property of Journal of Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Theology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work is dedicated to advancing the approximation of initial value problems through the introduction of an innovative and superior method inspired by Taylor's approach. Specifically, we present an enhanced variant achieved by accelerating the expansion of the Obreschkoff formula. This results in a higher-order implicit corrected method that outperforms Taylor's method in terms of accuracy. We derive an error bound for the Obreschkoff higher-order method, showcasing its stability, convergence, and greater efficiency compared to the conventional Taylor method. To substantiate our claims, numerical experiments are provided, which highlight the exceptional efficacy of our proposed method over the traditional Taylor method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of constructing n-linear (n ≥ 2) plane vector fields with an isolated critical point and given separatrices of prescribed types is considered. Such constructions are based on the use of vector algebra, the qualitative theory of second-order dynamic systems and classical methods for investigating their critical points. This problem is essentially an inverse problem of the qualitative theory of ordinary differential equations, and its solution can be used to synthesize mathematical models of controlled dynamical systems of various physical nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the severe accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in 2011, the revised nuclear safety regulation in Japan requires continuous safety improvement and states that PRA methods that reflect the latest knowledge should be used in activities related to continuous safety improvement. In this context, the construction of PRA models for the digital RPS (DRPS) has been addressed as an important issue within the Working Group on Risk Assessment (WGRISK) of the OECD/NEA, and several studies have been conducted. And there are challenges in aligning them with the conventional probabilistic risk assessment methodology. In a previous study, the authors developed a simultaneous differential equation describing the relationship between state transitions and state probabilities based on Markov state transition diagrams to calculate them numerically. However, the analytical method for uncertainty analysis commonly used in conventional PRA evaluations is not explicitly presented. The purpose of this study is to provide a methodology for more accurate evaluation of core damage frequency in nuclear power plants equipped with digital RPS, taking into account the uncertainties, and to contribute to the continuous improvement of safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kırıkkale University Journal of Social Sciences is the property of Kirikkale University Journal of Social Science (KUJSS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Studying the spatiotemporal patterns of amyloid accumulation in the brain over time is crucial in understanding Alzheimer's disease (AD). Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging plays a pivotal role because it allows for the visualization and quantification of abnormal amyloid beta (Aβ) load in the living brain, providing a powerful tool for tracking disease progression and evaluating the efficacy of anti-amyloid therapies. Generative artificial intelligence (AI) can learn complex data distributions and generate realistic synthetic images. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time the potential of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to build a low-dimensional representation space that effectively describes brain amyloid load and its dynamics. Methods: Using a cohort of 1,259 subjects with AV45 PET images from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), we develop a 3D GAN model to project images into a latent representation space and generate back synthetic images. Then, we build a progression model on the representation space based on non-parametric ordinary differential equations to study brain amyloid evolution. Results: We found that global SUVR can be accurately predicted with a linear regression model only from the latent representation space (RMSE = 0.08 ± 0.01). We generated synthetic PET trajectories and illustrated predicted Aβ change in four years compared with actual progression Discussion: Generative AI can generate rich representations for statistical prediction and progression modeling and simulate evolution in synthetic patients, providing an invaluable tool for understanding AD, assisting in diagnosis, and designing clinical trials. The aim of this study was to illustrate the huge potential that generative AI has in brain amyloid imaging and to encourage its advancement by providing use cases and ideas for future research tracks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundElevated intracranial pressure (eICP) is a serious medical emergency that requires prompt identification and monitoring. The current gold standards of eICP detection require patient transportation, radiation, and can be invasive. Ocular ultrasound has emerged as a rapid, non-invasive, bedside tool to measure correlates of eICP. This systematic review seeks to explore the utility of ultrasound detected optic disc elevation (ODE) as an ultrasonographic finding of eICP and to study its sensitivity and specificity as a marker of eICP.MethodsThis systematic review followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central for English articles published before April 2023; yielding 1,919 total citations. After eliminating duplicates, and screening the records, we identified 29 articles that addressed ultrasonographically detected ODE.ResultsThe 29 articles included a total of 1249 adult and pediatric participants. In patients with papilledema, the mean ODE ranged between 0.6 mm and 1.2 mm. Proposed cutoff values for ODE ranged between 0.3 mm and 1 mm. The majority of studies reported a sensitivity between 70 and 90%, and specificity ranged from 69 to 100%, with a majority of studies reporting a specificity of 100%.ConclusionsODE and ultrasonographic characteristics of the optic disc may aid in differentiating papilledema from other conditions. Further research on ODE elevation and its correlation with other ultrasonographic signs is warranted as a means to increase the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in the setting of eICP.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many higher educational institutions moved their courses on-line in hopes of slowing disease spread. The advent of multiple highly-effective vaccines offers the promise of a return to "normal" in-person operations, but it is not clear if-or for how long-campuses should employ non-pharmaceutical interventions such as requiring masks or capping the size of in-person courses. In this study, we develop and fine-tune a model of COVID-19 spread to UC Merced's student and faculty population. We perform a global sensitivity analysis to consider how both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions impact disease spread. Our work reveals that vaccines alone may not be sufficient to eradicate disease dynamics and that significant contact with an infectious surrounding community will maintain infections on-campus. Our work provides a foundation for higher-education planning allowing campuses to balance the benefits of in-person instruction with the ability to quarantine/isolate infectious individuals.

Summary: The SIMulation supported LIVer Assessment for donor organs (SimLivA) project aims to develop a mathematical model to accurately simulate the influence of mechanical alterations in marginal liver grafts (specifically steatotic ones) and cold ischemia on early ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) during liver transplantation. Our project tackles significant research challenges, including the co‐development of computational methodologies, experimental studies, clinical processes, and technical workflows. We aim to refine a continuum‐biomechanical model for enhanced IRI prediction, collect pivotal experimental and clinical data, and assess the clinical applicability of our model. Our efforts involve augmenting and tailoring a coupled continuum‐biomechanical, multiphase, and multi‐scale partial differential equation‐ordinary differential equation (PDE‐ODE) model of the liver lobule, allowing us to numerically simulate IRI depending on the degree of steatosis and the duration of ischemia. The envisaged model will intertwine the structure, perfusion, and function of the liver, serving as a crucial aid in clinical decision‐making processes. We view this as the initial step towards an in‐silico clinical decision support tool aimed at enhancing the outcomes of liver transplantation. In this paper, we provide an overview of the SimLivA project and our preliminary findings, which include: a cellular model that delineates critical processes in the context of IRI during transplantation; and the integration of this model into a multi‐scale PDE‐ODE model using a homogenized, multi‐scale, multi‐component approach within the Theory of Porous Media (TPM) framework. The model has successfully simulated the interconnected relationship between structure, perfusion, and function—all of which are integral to IRI. Initial results show simulations at the cellular scale that describe critical processes related to IRI during transplantation. After integrating this model into a multiscale PDE‐ODE model, first simulations were performed on the spatial distribution of key functions during warm and cold ischaemia. In addition, we were able to study the effect of tissue perfusion and temperature, two critical parameters in the context of liver transplantation and IRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a universal numerical scheme tailored for tackling linear integral, integro-differential, and both initial and boundary value problems of ordinary differential equations. The numerical scheme is readily adapted for resolving ill-posed problems. Central to our approach is high-degree piecewise-polynomial approximation to the exact solution. We illustrate the accuracy and stability of our numerical solutions in the presence of noise through illustrative examples. Additionally, we demonstrate that proposed regularization being applied to high-degree interpolation, effectively eliminates Runge's phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi (OAD) is the property of Ortacag Arastirmalari Dergisi (OAD) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We present a new modified version of the Adomian decomposition method for computing the series solutions of the nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The recently proposed Adomian matrix algorithm is used in this method to compute the Adomian polynomials for scalar-valued nonlinear polynomial functions, which allows us to get the series solution of the ODEs numerically and makes it much faster than symbolic computation. This method can test the convergence of the series solution of the ODE by calculating the global squared residual error of the solution. Several types of nonlinear ODEs, such as Abel equation, De Boer-Ludford equation, Van der Pol equation, Painleve-Ince equation, and Falkner-Skan equation, are solved using this method to illustrate its performance and effectiveness in delivering solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Techno-solutionism (Ts) amplifies academic integrity issues endemic to using Generative AI in Open and Distance education (ODE). It (Ts) induces in Higher education (HE) the disposition that technology can and should be employed in every aspect of teaching, learning, and assessment. The prevalence of Ts in ODE and the consequence of undermining academic integrity is found in the surge in published papers. A 2023 study by Nature of over 1600 scientists reports that nearly 30% use GenAI to write papers, and 5% use it in grant applications. A 2024 Originality.ai report on 13,000 analysed papers on arXiv indicates a sudden increase of 200.42%, 44.68% and 22.04%, respectively, in Computer Science, Physics and Mathematics in papers published in Jan. 2019 and those published in Nov. 2023. Apr. 2024 paper on arXiv notes Computer Science to be the most prolific in LLM usage with up to 17.5% increase. The problem this study addresses is balancing the challenges and opportunities of GenAI in ODE. Is there a limit to AI use in ODE? How can we upsurge academic integrity in the age of AI? How might we rethink the culture of publish or perish in the age of AI? Adopting the scoping review methodology and discourse analysis, this paper analyses the gains and pains of AI in ODE. Leveraging the critical theory of technology, it recommends clear green and red lines on using AI in teaching, research, and assessment.

The traditional parallel solving methods of ordinary differential equations (ODE) are mainly classified into task-parallelism, data-parallelism, and instruction-level parallelism. Based on the RIDC (revisionist integral deferred correction) algorithm, a hybrid solver dispatched on both CPU and GPU is proposed, which realizes computing in a pipeline form and a remarkable parallelism is obtained both inside a single equation and among many different equations. The proposed framework can make full use of the multi-core advantage of GPU, which is conducive to load balancing within computing nodes. The efficiency and accuracy of the framework are verified in several experiments.

L’articolo rende omaggio al più prolifico poeta napoletano neolatino attivo tra il 1490 e il 1540, Giano Anisio, nato a Domicella nei pressi di Nola. Un riassunto degli studi dedicati all’autore precede l’analisi di un aspetto finora trascurato: la straordinaria ricchezza formale dei carmi lirici che distingue i suoi Varia poemata da tutte le altre raccolte poetiche contemporanee, comprese quelle di Pontano, Marullo e Sannazaro. Anisio non si limitò infatti a riprendere quasi tutti i sistemi strofici usati da Catullo e Orazio, ma ne accrebbe il repertorio con un numero consistente di tipi nuovi. All’illustrazione della varietas offerta dall’autore in questo campo, segue un campione di sei suoi carmi con relativa traduzione italiana.

The numerical solution to boundary differential problems is a crucial task in modern applied mathematics. Usually, implicit integration methods are applied to solve this class of problems due to their high numerical stability and convergence. The known shortcoming of implicit algorithms is high computational costs, which can become unacceptable in the case of numerous right-hand side function calls, which are typical when solving boundary problems via the shooting method. Meanwhile, recently semi-implicit numerical integrators have gained major interest from scholars, providing an efficient trade-off between computational costs, stability, and precision. However, the application of semi-implicit methods to solving boundary problems has not been investigated in detail. In this paper, we aim to fill this gap by constructing a semi-implicit boundary problem solver and comparing the performance of explicit, semi-implicit, semi-explicit, and implicit methods using a set of linear and nonlinear test boundary problems. The novel blinking solver concept is introduced to overcome the main shortcoming of the semi-implicit schemes, namely, the low convergence on exponential solutions. The numerical stability of the blinking semi-implicit solver is investigated and compared with existing methods by plotting the stability regions. The performance plots for investigated methods are obtained as a dependence between global truncation error and estimated computation time. The experimental results confirm the assumption that semi-implicit numerical methods can significantly outperform both explicit and implicit solvers while solving boundary problems, especially in the proposed blinking modification. The results of this study can be efficiently used to create software for solving boundary problems, including partial derivative equations. Constructing semi-implicit numerical methods of higher-accuracy orders is also of interest for further research.

In this work, we are interested in the famous FISTA algorithm. We show that FISTA is an automatic geometrically optimized algorithm for functions satisfying a quadratic growth assumption. This explains why FISTA works better than the standard Forward-Backward algorithm (FB) in such a case, although FISTA is known to have a polynomial asymptotic convergence rate while FB is exponential. We provide a simple rule to tune the α parameter within the FISTA algorithm to reach an ε -solution with an optimal number of iterations. These new results highlight the efficiency of FISTA algorithms, and they rely on new non asymptotic bounds for FISTA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the extremal problem for weighted combined energy between two concentric annuli and obtain that the extremal mapping is a certain radial mapping. This extends the result obtained by Kalaj (J. Differential Equations, 268(2020)) to a non-Euclidean version. Meanwhile, we get a 1 | w | 2 -Nitsche type inequality, which generalizes the result in Arch. Math., 107(2016). Furthermore, based on the relationship between weighted combined energy and weighted combined distortion, we also consider the extremal problem for weighted combined distortion on annuli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics / Jisuan Lixue Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics Editorial Office, Dalian University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this work, we present a mathematical fishery model, which is a set of five ordinary differential equations governing the fish stock. The first two ODEs correspond to the evolution of two populations moving and growing between two areas, and exploited by two fishing fleets represented by their fishing efforts. The evolution of the fishing efforts are represented by two other ODEs. The catch function is assumed to be non-linear with a price variation. The evolution of the price with respect to time is represented in the fifth equation by the difference between supply (which is the catch, in our case) and demand (which corresponds to a non-linear demand function). We suppose that the growth of fish and the evolution of fishing efforts follow a slow time scale, while the fish migration, the vessels movement, and the price variation occur at a fast time scale. Then, we use an aggregation of variables method to obtain what we call "a reduced model". The aggregated fishery model is analyzed mathematically, which shows that two main cases can occur under some conditions: A fish extinction case and a sustainable one. Finally, we prove that we can switch from an undesirable case to a desirable one by controlling the catch part in the model. Some numerical simulations are also given in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distribution laws of various natural and anthropogenic processes in the world around us are stochastic in nature. The development of mathematics and, in particular, of stochastic modeling allows us to study regularities in such processes. In practice, stochastic modeling finds a huge number of applications in various fields, including finance and economics. In this work, some particular applications of stochastic processes in finance are examined in the conditions of financial crisis, aiming to provide a solid approach for stock price forecasting. More specifically, autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models and modified ordinary differential equation (ODE) models, previously developed by some of the authors to predict the asset prices of four Bulgarian companies, are validated against a time period during the crisis. Estimated rates of return are calculated from the models for one period ahead. The errors are estimated and the models are compared. The return values predicted with each of the two approaches are used to derive optimal risk portfolios based on the Markowitz model, which is the second major aim of this study. The third aim is to compare the resulting portfolios in terms of distribution (i.e., weights of the stocks), risk, and rate of return. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dergiabant is the property of Dergiabant and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

IntroductionStudying the spatiotemporal patterns of amyloid accumulation in the brain over time is crucial in understanding Alzheimer's disease (AD). Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging plays a pivotal role because it allows for the visualization and quantification of abnormal amyloid beta (Aβ) load in the living brain, providing a powerful tool for tracking disease progression and evaluating the efficacy of anti-amyloid therapies. Generative artificial intelligence (AI) can learn complex data distributions and generate realistic synthetic images. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time the potential of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to build a low-dimensional representation space that effectively describes brain amyloid load and its dynamics.MethodsUsing a cohort of 1,259 subjects with AV45 PET images from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), we develop a 3D GAN model to project images into a latent representation space and generate back synthetic images. Then, we build a progression model on the representation space based on non-parametric ordinary differential equations to study brain amyloid evolution.ResultsWe found that global SUVR can be accurately predicted with a linear regression model only from the latent representation space (RMSE = 0.08 ± 0.01). We generated synthetic PET trajectories and illustrated predicted Aβ change in four years compared with actual progressionDiscussionGenerative AI can generate rich representations for statistical prediction and progression modeling and simulate evolution in synthetic patients, providing an invaluable tool for understanding AD, assisting in diagnosis, and designing clinical trials. The aim of this study was to illustrate the huge potential that generative AI has in brain amyloid imaging and to encourage its advancement by providing use cases and ideas for future research tracks.

The influence of heat radiation on HMT, MHD on a porous stretched sheet has been explained in this study. The governing PDEs are converted to ODEs via similarity transformations. The coefficient of skin friction, rate of HMT are calculated using the MATLAB software for various parameter values. The controlling boundary layer PDEs are turned into a system of coupled nonlinear ODEs via similarity techniques, which are numerically solved using the shooting technique in conjunction with the fourth order Runge Kutta method, and then ANN is applied to them. Validation of numerical results using ANN results. We discovered that using engineering standpoints, an ANN model may produce high-efficiency estimates for heat transfer rates. The achieved R squared values of 99% for predicting Skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number coefficients highlight the remarkable effectiveness of neural network models in these predictions. This efficacy not only demonstrates the accuracy of the models but also results in a significant reduction in the computational time required compared to traditional numerical methods. Furthermore, when compared to alternative numerical approaches, the current ANN model stands out for its applicability to more complex mathematical models, because its efficiency in minimizing both time and processing capacity demands in solving such problems.

A simple semi-analytical approach is used in the present studies to achieve a thermal response of composite and sandwich layered materials in stresses and displacements. Three-dimensional (3D) heat conduction formulation has been formulated as a boundary value problem (BVP) to obtain accurate through-thickness temperature variation, which is further used for thermal stress analysis. Four layered domains of composite and/or sandwich laminate with variable degrees of orthotropic and several transverse and in-plane aspect ratios have been used for numerical investigation. Exact solutions from past studies have been used for comparison with the outcomes received in the present study and proved the accuracy and efficiency of current developments. Additionally, simple constant and linear through-thickness temperature variation has been considered for stress analysis to highlight the importance and need for exact temperature distribution for thermal stress analysis of composite and sandwich laminates. The presented semi-analytical approach achieves the benefit of exact analysis and numerical analysis and leads to accuracy and computational efficiency.

The Bernoulli equation is useful to assess the motility and recovery rate with respect to time in order to measure the COVID-19 outbreak. The homotopy perturbation method was applied in the current article to compute the Bernoulli equation. For the existence and uniqueness of solutions, we also used the Caputo-Fabrizio Integral and differential operators. Additionally, we conducted a corresponding investigation for derivatives of integer and fractional orders on the estimated motility and recovery rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Research in Comparative Literature is the property of Razi University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The phenomenon of online disinhibition prompts individuals to relax their internal boundaries, as they can deviate from social norms, particularly in virtual environments. Individuals tend to engage in behaviors that may cause disruption to others and pose potential harm to themselves. We assume that internet usage is expected to remain significant in the coming years, so a tool is needed to assess this phenomenon. We use The Confirmatory Factor Analysis tool to test adapted version of The Online Disinhibition Effect scale from English to Bahasa Indonesia. The analysis findings indicated that the tool is suitable for characterizing the online disinhibition effect X2 (6, 252)=.48, p=.49. It means that this instrument is suitable for use in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Elevated intracranial pressure (eICP) is a serious medical emergency that requires prompt identification and monitoring. The current gold standards of eICP detection require patient transportation, radiation, and can be invasive. Ocular ultrasound has emerged as a rapid, non-invasive, bedside tool to measure correlates of eICP. This systematic review seeks to explore the utility of ultrasound detected optic disc elevation (ODE) as an ultrasonographic finding of eICP and to study its sensitivity and specificity as a marker of eICP. Methods This systematic review followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central for English articles published before April 2023; yielding 1,919 total citations. After eliminating duplicates, and screening the records, we identified 29 articles that addressed ultrasonographically detected ODE. Results The 29 articles included a total of 1249 adult and pediatric participants. In patients with papilledema, the mean ODE ranged between 0.6 mm and 1.2 mm. Proposed cutoff values for ODE ranged between 0.3 mm and 1 mm. The majority of studies reported a sensitivity between 70 and 90%, and specificity ranged from 69 to 100%, with a majority of studies reporting a specificity of 100%. Conclusions ODE and ultrasonographic characteristics of the optic disc may aid in differentiating papilledema from other conditions. Further research on ODE elevation and its correlation with other ultrasonographic signs is warranted as a means to increase the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in the setting of eICP.

The Bernoulli equation is useful to assess the motility and recovery rate with respect to time in order to measure the COVID-19 outbreak. The homotopy perturbation method was applied in the current article to compute the Bernoulli equation. For the existence and uniqueness of solutions, we also used the Caputo–Fabrizio Integral and differential operators. Additionally, we conducted a corresponding investigation for derivatives of integer and fractional orders on the estimated motility and recovery rate.

We construct divergence-free Sobolev vector fields in C([0, 1];W1,r(Td;Rd)) with r < d and d ≥ 2 which simultaneously admit any finite number of distinct positive solutions to the continuity equation. These vector fields are then shown to have at least as many integral curves starting from Ld-a.e. point of Td as the number of distinct positive solutions to the continuity equation these vector fields admit. This work uses convex integration techniques to study nonuniqueness for positive solutions of the continuity equation. Nonuniqueness for integral curves is then inferred from Ambrosio's superposition principle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A chaotic attractor was obtained from remote sensing data, for the first time, in the early 2010s, its Poincaré section revealing a weakly dissipative dynamics. This attractor was captured from a time series of vegetation index, for the cycles of cereal crops in semi-arid region. This attractor was fully unexpected, since it was also the first attractor of a weakly dissipative dynamics directly extracted from observational time series. The generality of this result is questioned here by applying the same modelling approach – the global modelling technique – to four provinces in coastal and inland Morocco: Safi, El Jadida, Khourigba and Khenifra. Several experimentations are considered, applying the analyses at the provinces scale, or to several provinces in association and in aggregation. The obtained models confirm the results obtained in the early 2010s: the dynamics of cereal crops is chaotic and can be approximated by a weakly dissipative three-dimensional dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-consumptive effects such as fear of depredation, can strongly influence predator-prey dynamics. There are several ecological and social motivations for these effects in competitive systems as well. In this work we consider the classic two species ODE and PDE Lotka-Volterra competition models, where one of the competitors is "fearful" of the other. We find that the presence of fear can have several interesting dynamical effects on the classical competitive scenarios. Notably, for fear levels in certain regimes, we show novel bi-stability dynamics. Furthermore, in the spatially explicit setting, the effects of several spatially heterogeneous fear functions are investigated. In particular, we show that under certain integral restrictions on the fear function, a weak competition type situation can change to competitive exclusion. Applications of these results to ecological as well as sociopolitical settings are discussed, that connect to the "landscape of fear" (LOF) concept in ecology.

Actualmente uno de los activos más valiosos en las redes informáticas son los datos que viajan a través de los diversos nodos que componen las topologías de redes. En la mayoría de los casos, la presencia de grandes volúmenes de datos en las redes, permiten que estos se dañen debido a la alteración de la información por algún tipo de virus, malware o troyano lo que genera en una propagación de una enfermedad en la red. Ante esta situación, planteamos el uso de un modelo clásico de enfermedad infecciosa basado en SEIRS, el cual permite plantear un marco de espacio – tiempo discreto para la expansión de la enfermedad. Se consideran tres tipos de conectividad que se representan a través de una relación de vecindad para la que se utiliza una rejilla de tamaño n x n. Los tipos de vecindario considerados son los de Von Neumann, Moore y L. Específicamente, el uso de reglas locales y el tipo de vecindario definen la dinámica de expansión de la enfermedad infecciosa. Luego presentamos un acercamiento a la evolución de modelos deterministas de ecuaciones diferenciales (ODE), como los modelos SIR y SEIRS para estimar los parámetros de este modelo discreto a partir de datos. Ilustramos el enfoque propuesto para los datos de las redes informáticas a partir de datos paramétricos. Más que eso, se modela con éxito, la Epidemia del SIDA en Cuba (1986-2000) y la Epidemia de la Peste bubónica en India (1908) desde nuestro enfoque. Este trabajo ayuda a graficar equivalencias entre dos modelos conceptualmente diferentes y destaca que dan resultados similares al tomar apropiadamente los valores de los parámetros.

The tone is the speaker's attitude and feeling The most important factor is to create an atmosphere and influence the audience in the poem. Knowing the language and its tone plays an important role in understanding any text. The language and tone of the epic are the results of the choice of words, combinations, imagery, novelty, and the choice of weight to suit the type of epic. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effective factors in creating epic language and tone in Farrokhi Sistani's poems using descriptive-analytical methods, it has been done in a library way. Farrokhi Sistani has given his poems an epic tone and atmosphere by the use of internal and external music, vocabulary selection, and epic combinations, and using epic arrays such as exaggeration, metaphor, and numerous references to Iranian heroes, and epic and mythological characters. The results of the studies show that the poet has an epic, thoughtful mind, and it is reflected in the forms, words, and combinations used in his poems. This kind of mindset and imagination is linked to the society of the fifth century and the beliefs and ideas that govern the culture and literature of that period and of course it is effective.