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We analyzed the feasibility of the reconstruction of the spatially varying rheological parameters through the four-dimensional variational data assimilation of the sea ice velocity, thickness, and concentration into the viscoplastic (VP) sea ice model. The feasibility is assessed via idealized variational data assimilation experiments with synthetic observations configured for a 1-day data assimilation window in a 50 × 40 rectangular basin forced by the open boundaries, winds, and ocean currents and should be viewed as a first step in the developing the similar algorithms which can be applied for the more advanced sea ice models. It is found that “true” spatial variability (∼5.8 kN m−2) of the internal maximum ice strength parameter can be retrieved from observations with reasonable accuracy of 2.3–5.3 kN m−2, when an observation of the sea ice state is available daily in each grid point. Similar relative accuracy was achieved for the reconstruction of the compactness strength parameter α. The yield curve eccentricity e is found to be controlled by the data with less efficiency, but the spatial mean value of e could be still reconstructed with a similar degree of confidence. The accuracy of , α, and e retrievals is found to increase in regions of stronger ice velocity convergence, providing prospects for better processing of the observations collected during the recent MOSAiC experiment. The accuracy of the retrievals strongly depends on the number of the control variables characterizing the rheological parameter fields.

Oceana’s report on tackling marine pollution in the hotel industry provides new evidence illustrating the extent of marine plastic pollution near key coastal tourist destinations, and calls on hotels to take immediate action to reduce their use of single-use plastic, and its impact on the beautiful coastal areas that their businesses depend on. The tourism industry's extensive use of single-use plastic, coupled the proximity of many hotels to coastal areas, contributes to the vast amounts of plastic waste that end up in our oceans and beaches. Oceana conducted research that evaluated the level of plastic pollution on the seafloor off the coast of key tourist destinations, including Copacabana and Ipanema beaches in Brazil, Cancun and Playa del Carmen in Mexico, Mallorca and Valencia in Spain, and the Florida Keys in the U.S. All areas surveyed were found to be polluted with plastic, directly impacting delicate underwater habitats and biodiversity.Oceana found a total of 1,653 waste items, with 1,171 (70.8%) made from plastic. Oceana calculated a concentration of plastic items ranging from 324 to 852 pieces of plastic/km2 of seafloor surveyed. Most of the plastic appeared to be single-use, such as bags, food wrappers, packaging, cutlery, and drinking containers - items typically used by tourism-related businesses. This pollution not only harms the environment, but also jeopardizes the appeal of pristine beaches and the success of the tourism industry. Oceana calls for immediate action from the tourism sector, particularly hotels, urging them to minimize single-use plastic waste, adopt sustainable practices, and lead the way in preserving our oceans.

El presente reporte es sobre la expedición científica de Oceana en el Parque Nacional Arrecife Alacranes. Ubicado a 140 kilómetros de la costa, este es el arrecife más grande del sur del Golfo de México. El trabajo científico realizado permitióidentificar puntos de acción para mejorar la conservación de esta emblemática Área Natural Protegida en la Península de Yucatán.&nbsp

This report looks for the first time at the harm caused by the oil and gas industry on our seas. It brings together the scientific evidence, along with the expertise of marine biologists, satellite imagery analysts and many more. As well as presenting the scientific facts, this report also hopes to spark a renewed interest in, and appreciation for, the UK's seas and the wonderful, diverse creatures that live in them. The report was jointly commissioned by Oceana and Uplift.

This report presents the results of seafood fraud in four cities of Mexico: Culiacán, Mazatlán, Ciudad Obregón, Hermosillo. The average substitution in 49% and occurs in the two most important fishing states in Mexico.

One method of estimating the evaporation rate (ER) is to use a variety of evaporation pans, such as the Class A standard evaporation pan (CASEP) and the Colorado Sanken standard evaporation pan (CSSEP). In this study, the rate of evaporation of CASEP and CSSEP have been investigated and compared with each other. This study was conducted in Semnan, Iran. CSSEP was used as a test pan, which was performed in an open space around the Faculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan University. Evaporation was recorded daily for 123 days. The evaporation of the CASEP pan was obtained from the synoptic station of Semnan, which is located at a distance of 2.39 km from the test site. Meteorological data were also obtained from the synoptic station of Semnan and compared with experimental evaporation data. The results of this study showed that the daily ER from CASEP and CSSEP in the tested time periods were not significantly different. Based on the Klomogorov-Sminrov method, the best statistical distributions for CASEP and CSSEP were calculated as Error and Gamma, respectively. The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) between the two pans was estimated to be about 93%. Also, by examining the ER with other meteorological data, it was observed that the ER has the highest correlation with the average daily air temperature.

This report investigates technical and strategic solutions to reduce fuel use in the EU fishing sector and aims to support the energy transition of the EU fleet. There are existing solutions to reduce fuel use in fisheries, ranging from technical solutions (see subsection 2.3 and Appendix F) to more extensive changes, such as phasing out the more energy-hungry fishing techniques and practices. The study identifies emissions-reduction potential from fuel savings when fisheries implement existing technical solutions, switch towards the least fuel-intensive fishing techniques, use green energy, and reduce or avoid indirect emissions by changing fishing grounds and displacing the more detrimental practices pressuring the seabed from carbon-rich habitats. Such actions should ultimately reduce CO2 emissions released into the atmosphere to help achieve the 2030 and 2050 environmental targets for the EU fishing sector., Funding Acknowledgement: LIFE19 NGO/FPA/ES/000004 – Fundación Oceana

Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis is essential for the nutrition of most temperate forest trees and helps regulate the movement of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) through forested ecosystems. The factors governing the exchange of plant C for fungal N, however, remain obscure. Because competition and soil resources may influence ectomycorrhizal resource movement, we performed a 10-month split-root microcosm study using Pinus muricata seedlings with Thelephora terrestris, Suillus pungens, or no ectomycorrhizal fungus, under two N concentrations in artificial soil. Fungi competed directly with roots and indirectly with each other. We used stable isotope enrichment to track plant photosynthate and fungal N. For T. terrestris, plants received N commensurate with the C given to their fungal partners. Thelephora terrestris was a superior mutualist under high-N conditions. For S. pungens, plant C and fungal N exchange were not coupled. However, in low-N conditions, plants preferentially allocated C to S. pungens rather than T. terrestris. Our results suggest that ectomycorrhizal resource transfer depends on competitive and nutritional context. Plants can exchange C for fungal N, but coupling of these resources can depend on the fungal species and soil N. Understanding the diversity of fungal strategies, and how they change with environmental context, reveals mechanisms driving this important symbiosis.

La contaminación del océano y de los ecosistemas costeros debida a los residuos plásticos es un problema global, originado por el incremento en el consumo de estos materiales y su gestión inadecuada cuando se convierten en residuos. México enfrenta este problema en sus cinco regiones marinas, lo que pone en riesgo el equilibrio del medio marino y los servicios ambientales que se derivan del mismo. En este contexto, este informe tiene como objetivo identificar los artículos plásticos de un solo uso que son innecesarios y que tienen un alto potencial de contaminación marina, así como promover medidas que permitan disminuir el impacto global de los residuos plásticos. Para ello se analizaron los resultados de muestreos de residuos en playas nacionales, al igual que literatura científica relacionada con las propiedades, el impacto potencial y la degradabilidad de los residuos plásticos. Se realizó también una revisión de los patrones de uso y manejo de productos plásticos, con el fin de identificar su potencial de reutilización y reciclaje en el país.&nbsp

El intercambio comercial de México con Estados Unidos es de gran importancia para el sector pesquero, tanto en el aspecto económico como en el social. Oceana realizó el presenteanálisis de la compatibilidad de la Norma Oficial Mexicana de Pescados y Mariscos y elSeafood Import Monitoring Programme (SIMP, por sus siglas en inglés) para demostrar la necesidad de que México cuente con un sistema de trazabilidad que permita mantener los mercados norteamericanos abiertos a los productos pesqueros mexicanos.&nbsp

For the third year, Oceana analyzed e-commerce packaging data and found that Amazon generated 709 million pounds of plastic packaging waste in 2021. This is a 18% increase of Oceana’s 2020 estimate of 599 million pounds and is enough plastic to circle the Earth more than 800 times in the form of air pillows. Oceana found, based on data from a peer-reviewed study on plastic waste pollution published in Science in 2020, that up to 26 million pounds of this plastic waste will end up in the world’s waterways and seas. Plastic is a major source of pollution and is devastating the world’s oceans. Sea turtles and other ocean animals mistake the kind of plastic used by Amazon – primarily plastic film – as food, which can ultimately prove fatal. Amazon refuses to outline a plan and commit to a company-wide reduction in plastic use. In doing so, the company is ignoring its shareholders. At its Annual General Meeting in May 2022, nearly 49% of Amazon’s shares voted in favor of a resolution asking the company to be transparent and address its growing plastic packaging problem. This is the most support that a shareholder-led resolution has received in the company’s history. Despite Amazon’s commitment to transparency for its other sustainability efforts (such as its climate initiative), until December 2022, the company has not been transparent about its global plastic packaging footprint. On Dec. 13, 2022, Amazon released a blog which stated, “[i]n 2021, we reduced average plastic packaging weight per shipment by over 7%, resulting in 97,222 metric tons [just over 214 million pounds] of single-use plastic being used across our global operations network to ship orders to customers.” Oceana acknowledges this step towards increased transparency. The reported figure, however, represents only part of the company’s global plastic packaging footprint. In contrast to Oceana’s estimate, Amazon’s disclosure excludes orders made on Amazon’s e-commerce platforms that are fulfilled through third-party sellers and it is unclear how much of Amazon’s total sales this represents. When Oceana inquired, Amazon declined to disclose this information. While Amazon claims to have reduced average plastic packaging weight per shipment by over 7% in 2021, it has not disclosed by how much its global plastic packaging footprint grew from 2020 to 2021. Amazon’s sales are reported to have grown by 22% in this time period. As sales increase, the company’s plastic footprint grows too. Oceana estimated a plastic footprint growth of 18%, accounting for the plastic reduction measures Amazon has taken in some countries (such as India). Amazon is often cited as one of the most innovative companies on the planet and has demonstrated its ability to create viable solutions to replace and reduce its plastic packaging. Examples of this are its development of a paper-padded mailer and use of returnable packaging in markets like India. The company has even, according to Amazon and local accounts obtained by Oceana, moved away from all plastic packaging use for shipments originating from its own fulfillment centers in Germany, which is the company’s second largest market. It is clear that Amazon can solve its plastic problem. Yet, it is choosing not to commit to do so on a global scale, despite the severe cost of plastic pollution to our oceans and planet.

European countries have committed to restore and maintain populations of commercial fish species above sustainable levels. However, despite some progress made during recent years, the status of some fish stocks continues to be in a critical state. Thus, based on the latest available scientific information, Oceana has identified the over 20 depleted fish stocks in the Northeast Atlantic, to highlight their ongoing dire status and the urgent need for management measures aimed at their recovery. The list of Northeast Atlantic depleted stocks covers a diverse group of species (including pelagic, demersal, and benthic species) and sea basins, from the Baltic Sea to the west of Scotland and from the Barents Sea to Iberian waters. Species like anchovy, eel, herring, horse mackerel, Norway lobster, sardine, and whiting, among others, have one or more stocks that are known or considered to be depleted. The most extreme case is that of cod, with the highest number of depleted stocks (nine) across the whole region. The depletion of these stocks raises concerns not only about their status, but also about the possibility that their abundance may have fallen below tipping points that have negative biological and ecological implications, as well as adverse economic and social consequences, since the stocks cannot sustain direct exploitation. Their reproductive capacity and subsequent are impaired, and there is an increased risk of stock collapse. This situation also makes these stocks more vulnerable to anthropogenic pressures (such as habitat degradation and loss) and to environmental variation, including in relation to climate change. Most depleted stocks in the Northeast Atlantic are managed jointly by different parties, mainly by the European Union and the United Kingdom, through a solid regulatory framework that, if well implemented, would facilitate the recovery and sustainable exploitation of depleted stocks. Nevertheless, only very limited attempts have been made to apply measures for their recovery (e.g., catch limits and technical measures). Indeed, depleted stocks are far from meeting the objectives set for their international and domestic management. For example, the abundance of the three most heavily depleted stocks, Irish Sea whiting, West of Scotland cod, and Celtic Sea cod, is only 8%,16%, and 21%, respectively, of the minimum target. Overfishing is the main driver that has reduced the abundance of depleted stocks to unsustainable levels. Despite being clearly problematic, this excessive fishing pressure has been long ignored: for all of the most heavily depleted stocks, fishing mortality has exceeded sustainable levels for nearly the entire duration of the time series. The situation of the depleted stocks is so alarming that, in most cases, scientists advise that catches must be strongly reduced or stopped altogether (i.e., ‘zero catch’) to facilitate their recovery and sustainable exploitation. The need to implement such reductions is made more pressing by the fact that stock recovery is being hampered by other ongoing anthropogenic impacts and environmental changes, such as habitat degradation and climate change. Nevertheless, the scientific recommendations are regularly ignored by decision-makers. A further complication arises because depleted stocks are typically captured as by-catch together with other fish stocks in mixed fisheries. Management decisions related to the exploitation rate and pattern of stocks caught in mixed fisheries typically take a stock-by-stock approach, and prioritise the catches of the most productive stocks, rather than securing the recovery of those stocks with the poorest conservation status. In addition, there are signs of non-compliance with the provisions of the landing obligation, such that illegal discarding continues to be a problem. As result, actual catches of depleted stocks may far exceed the levels that are scientifically advised for permitting them to recover. Based on the findings of this report, any prospect of recovering these severely overexploited fish populations appears unlikely without decisive management action. Implementation of adequate policies and measures by Northeast Atlantic decision-makers, such as the EU and UK, is both crucial and urgent to recover depleted stocks above sustainable levels in the shortest possible time. Oceana therefore recommends that these decision-makers act without delay to: Adopt multi-year management strategies for stock recovery; Set catch limits in line with scientific advice; Prioritise the recovery needs of depleted stocks in mixed fisheries; Fully document fisheries that target or catch depleted stocks as bycatch; Implement the most effective by-catch reduction measures; Eliminate anthropogenic activities that negatively affect depleted stocks; Avoid any increase in fishing capacity of fleets catching depleted stocks; Protect essential fish habitats (those habitats that are critical for the life cycle of exploited fish species); and Safeguard food availability for depleted stocks., Funding Acknowledgement: LIFE19 NGO/FPA/ES/000004 – Fundación Oceana

Evaluasi Kualitas Aset Destinasi Wisata Dayeuh Manggung Kabupaten Garut

Las bolsas de plástico de un solo uso están prohibidas en la Ciudad de México por innecesarias y contaminantes. Las empresas de comercio electrónico ocupan ese mismo material en los envíos que llegan a nuestras casas, sin que sean reguladas ni paguen por su contaminación plástica. En este informe, Oceana muestra los impactos del comercio electrónico en la CDMX y presenta alternativas de solución a este problema.

Context Prospective studies have demonstrated the efficacy of osilodrostat in Cushing disease. No study has evaluated osilodrostat in a series of patients with paraneoplastic Cushing syndrome/ectopic adrenocorticotropin syndrome (PNCS/EAS). Objective This work aimed to evaluate in France the real-world efficacy and safety of osilodrostat in patients with PNCS/EAS. Methods A total of 33 patients with PNCS/EAS with intense/severe hypercortisolism were involved in this retrospective, multicenter, real-world study. Patients received osilodrostat between May 2019 and March 2022 at a median initial dose (range) of 4 mg/day (1-60) and maximum dose, 20 mg/day (4-100), first under patient then cohort temporary authorizations and after marketing authorization. Regimens used titration (n = 6), block and replace (n = 16), or titration followed by block and replace (n = 11). Results In 11 patients receiving osilodrostat as first-line monotherapy, median 24-hour urinary free cortisol (24h-UFC) decreased dramatically (from 26 × upper limit of normal [ULN; 2.9-659] to 0.11 × ULN [0.08-14.9]; P < .001). In 9 of them, 24h-UFC normalization was achieved in 2 weeks (median). Thirteen additional patients were previously treated with classic steroidogenesis inhibitors but 10 of these 13 were not controlled. In these patients, osilodrostat monotherapy, used as second line, induced a significantly decreased of 24h-UFC (from 2.6 × ULN [1.1-144] to 0.22 × ULN [0.12-0.66]; P < .01). Nine additional patients received osilodrostat in combination with another anticortisolic drug, decreasing 24h-UFC from 11.8 × ULN (0.3-247) to 0.43 × ULN (0.33-2.4) (P < .01). In parallel, major clinical symptoms/comorbidities improved dramatically with improvement in blood pressure, hyperglycemia, and hypokalemia, allowing the discontinuation or dose reduction of patient treatments. Adrenal insufficiency (grade 3-4) was reported in 8 of 33 patients. Conclusion Osilodrostat is a rapidly efficient therapy for PNCS/EAS with severe/intense hypercortisolism. Osilodrostat was generally well tolerated; adrenal insufficiency was the main side effect.

Segunda edición del reporte de seguimiento al cumplimiento de los compromisos pesqueros asumidos por México en el T-MEC

The large number of activities along the West Banjir Kanal river has triggered a change in the condition of its sea waters. The condition most affected is turbidity which caused high concentration of Total Suspended Solid (TSS) in estuary waters and interfere with the entry of sunlight into the waters. The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of the of concentration TSS on the concentration chlorophyll a and dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) in the waters of West Banjir Kanal estuary. Water sampling was conducted on October 3, 2019. Water quality parameters such as brightness, pH, temperature, DO and salinity were measured in situ. Meanwhile, chlorophyll a, TSS and DIP measurements were analyzed in the laboratory. The results showed that the highest concentration of TSS, chlorophyll a and DIP were in the estuary area and decreased with further distance from the river mouth with concentration were 70.17-151.50 mg/L, 0.03–2.67 µg/L and 0.71–0.98 µM respectively. Based on the results of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that TSS affected chlorophyll a by 8.7% (r=0.392; p

This study is conducted to determine the correlation between peer pressure and the mental well-being of senior high school students. The primary goal of this research is to establish the correlation between the components of peer pressure and the respondents' mental well-being. A descriptive-correlational method was utilized with a total number of two hundred twenty-six (226) senior high school students participated in this study. Thus, the data were gathered through Perceived Peer Pressure Scale Questionnaire (PPPS) and Well-being Questionnaire. Based on the statistical analysis, there is a significant correlation between peer pressure and mental well-being of the students (r=.363). The study's conclusions were evaluated and discussed, and recommendations for additional research were made.

Este documento incluye información e imágenes obtenidas a partir del trabajo de campo y reportes de las y los investigadores que participaron en la Expedición Científica “Proyecto Alacranes”. Elobjetivo fue conocer el estado actual de los arrecifes Alacranes y Bajos del Norte con el fin de revisar los sitios mejor conservados, la biodiversidad que resguardan y las amenazas a su conservación. Esta información brindará herramientas para la toma de decisiones en acciones de conservación de su biodiversidad y la mejora económica para las familias que sobreviven de la pesca de especies comerciales aledañas a los arrecifes.

This report informs about the percentages of seafood fraud found in samples sent by citizen scientists in two cities in Mexico: Mexico City and Merida.&nbsp

Las tortugas y ballenas son indicadores de la buena o mala salud de los ecosistemas marinos. Tener ��reas Naturales Protegidas (ANP) marinas con objetivos de conservaci��n espec��ficos para estas especies ayudar��a a tener oc��anos m��s saludables. El presente reporte considera ambos grupos (cet��ceos y tortugas) para evaluar el cumplimiento en la labor de la conservaci��n biol��gica de las ANP marinas de M��xico, y se califican con el prop��sito de identificar ��reas de oportunidad y cambios en la pol��tica p��blica para la mejor conservaci��n de estos grupos animales.