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We describe criteria for choosing Cesarean section to treat dystocia, and identify factors that appeared to influence the success of Cesarean section in Iraqi Awassi ewes under clinical condition. The study was conducted on 276 ewes presented for dystocia during the lambing seasons from 1985 to 1990. Out of 130 (47%) ewes assigned to undergo Cesarean section, 65 (50%) had ringwomb, while oversized fetus, emphysematous fetus, fetal monsters and hydroallantois accounted for 37 (28%), 16 (13%), 10 (7%) and 2 (1%) of the ewes, respectively. Primiparous and 2-year old ewes (54%) as well as ewes carrying singletons (53%) were assigned to surgery more frequently than multiparous ewes over 2 Y of age carrying twins. Ewes that delivered male lambs underwent surgery more frequently than those with female lambs (63 vs 37%). The maternal survival rate was 95% while after 86% of the surgeries the ewes had an uncomplicated recovery and conceived in the following estrus. Based on this case study, Cesarean section appears to be a safe and successful procedure for management of dystocia in Iraqi Awassi ewes.

Fifty semen samples from five healthy Shami bucks were diluted in six different diluents (egg yolk citrate (YC), egg yolk fructose phosphate (YFP), egg yolk citrate fructose glycine (YGC), egg yolk cow skim milk (YSKM), Illinois variable temperature extender (IVT), egg yolk tris fructose (YTF)). Semen was diluted in one step dilution, using a dilution rate of 1:!0, at 37°C and stored at 4°C Samples were evaluated at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h following dilution for motility rate, percent live sperm and percent damaged sperm. Best results were obtained with the YTF and IVT diluents after preservation to 120 h, with particular reference to individual motility (21.7%, 18.5%), percentage live sperm (24.1%, 20.0%) and sperm damage (33.4%, 31.7%, respectively). Data of the present study suggest that YTF and IVT diluents could be used to dilute and preserve Shami buck semen at 4°C.

Caesarean section (C.S.) was performed on 110 clinical cases of dystocia in Damascus and Black Iraqi goats referred to the Obstetric Clinic, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Iraq, during the kidding periods of 1985 to 1990. The incidence of animals treated with C.S. in relation to the total number of dystocia was 42.8% ( 110 257 ). C.S. was most common in primiparous does (61.8%) and 2-year olds (61.8%). The most common indications of C.S. in does were incomplete cervical dilatation (63.6%), oversized fetus (28.1%), vaginal prolapse (5.4%), fetal monsters (1.8%) and hernia (0.9%). A high success rate (96.3%), with good prognosis, was obtained in this study. Does having male kids appeared to be more likely to require C.S. (70.5%) than those having female kids (29.4%). Kid survival rate was 65.2%. Results showed that C.S. was the safest method of treatment for caprine dystocia if it was performed as early as possible.

Bovine semen was diluted to 100 × 106 sperm/ml in a Russian diluent and then stored at ambient temperature. Samples were analysed at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h after dilution for rate of individual motility, percent of sperm with aged acrosomes, alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST). The activities of ALT and AST were significantly increased (P

Postpartum uterine infections results from uterine contamination with bacteria during parturition. The prevalence of uterine infections varies considerably among studies. Uterine infection implies adherence of pathogenic organisms to the mucosa, colonization or penetration of the epithelium, and/or release of bacterial toxins that lead to establishment of uterine disease. The development of uterine disease depends on the immune response of the cow, as well as the species and number (load or challenge) of bacteria. The postpartum uterus has a disrupted surface epithelium in contact with fluid and tissue debris that can support bacterial growth. A variety of species of bacteria, both Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobes and anaerobes, can be isolated from the early postpartum uterus. Most of these are environmental contaminants that are gradually eliminated during the first 6 weeks postpartum. A normal postpartum cow resolves uterine infection by rapid involution of the uterus and cervix, discharge of uterine content, and mobilization of natural host defenses, including mucus, antibodies and phagocytic cells. Clinical signs of uterine infection vary with the virulence of the causative organisms and the presence of factors that predispose to the disease. The treatment of endometritis and metritis in bovine should be directed towards improving fertility. The antibiotic should be active against the main uterine pathogens and should maintain its activity in the environment of the uterus. Also, should not inhibit the normal defense mechanisms and should be well tolerated and not induce irritation in the endometrium. Effective use of hormones in uterine infection requires knowledge of both normal reproductive endocrinology and the therapeutic characteristics of available hormonal preparations.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the beneficial effect of hCG injected immediately after mating in Arabian barren mares treated with uterine lavage and oxytocin. Arabian barren mares (n=36) with PMIE were subjected to detailed clinical examinations including palpation per rectum, vaginoscopy, and cytological examination. After mating the 36 mares were randomly divided into four groups. The mares in group 1 (n=10) were immediately after breeding injected with hCG 3,000 IU IM. Uterine lavage with 1L of N-saline containing 4 million IU of crystalline penicillin and 4 g of streptomycin sulphate was performed 4h after breeding. Then mares received two injections of oxytocin 40 IU IM 2h apart after 6h of mating. Mares in group 2 (n=10) treated with uterine lavage and oxytocin as group 1. While mares in group 3 (n=10) received uterine lavage only. A control group (n=6) as group 4 did not received any treatment. The results of clinical examination indicated that 69.4% of PMIE mares were harboring severe endometritis and 30.6% with a moderate form of endometritis. Significant (P0.01) increase in lymphocytes were founded in barren mares included in this study. Higher pregnancy rate (P0.01) was founded in Arabian barren mares 80% injected with hCG immediately after breeding and uterine lavage and oxytocin. No significant difference was found in mares received uterine lavage and oxytocin and uterine lavage only. In a conclusion, administration of hCG immediately after mating and intrauterine lavage containing antibiotics performed 4h and two injections of oxytocin 40 IU IM 2h apart after 6h of mating had improved fertility of Arabian barren mares.

An eight years old cow in last month of gestation was presented by its owner to the clinic of Veterinary Medicine College, University of Mosul. The cow was suffering from a complicated case of vaginal and cervical prolapse. The complication included tearing of the vaginal floor and herniation of the urinary bladder through the tearing of vagina. The cow was treated under the caudal epidural anesthesia. Firstly the herniated urinary bladder was emptied and replaced to its correct position, then the tearing of vaginal wall was repaired, and finally the prolapsed vagina and cervix was replaced to its correct place.